机电专业论文英文文献及其中文译文

毕业论文外文文献翻译译文题目:INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY
外文资料翻译资料来源：文章名：INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY 《Digital Image Processing》书刊名：作者：Y. Torres J. J. Pavón I. Nieto and J. A.Rodríguez
章节：2.4 INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY
INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY （From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACT Machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable resultthis article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outlineand the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration ofmachinery technology present situation has analyzed the integration of machinerytechnology trend of development. Key word：integration of machinery ，technology，present situation ，productt，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development 0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development impelleddifferent discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage has caused the projectdomain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineeringdomain because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapiddevelopment and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinerycaused the mechanical industry the technical structure the product organizationthe function and the constitution the production method and the management systemhas had the huge change caused the industrial production to enter into quottheintegration of machineryquot by quotthe machinery electrificationquot for the characteristicdevelopment phase. 1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in theorganization new owner function the power function in the information processingfunction and the control function introduces the electronic technology unifies thesystem the mechanism and the computerization design and the software whichconstitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has becomeone to have until now own system new discipline not only develops along with thescience and technology but also entrusts with the new content .But its basiccharacteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from thesystem viewpoint synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanicaltechnology microelectronic technology automatic control technology computertechnology information technology sensing observation and control technologyelectric power electronic technology connection technology information conversiontechnology as well as software programming technology according to the systemfunction goal and the optimized organization goal reasonable disposition and thelayout various functions unit in multi-purpose high grade redundant reliable inthe low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value andcauses the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology .From thisproduces functional system then becomes an integration of machinery systematic orthe integration of machinery product. Therefore quotintegration of machineryquot coveringquottechnologyquot and quotproductquot two aspects .Only is the integration of machinerytechnology is based on the above community technology organic fusion one kind ofcomprehensive
technology but is not mechanical technical the microelectronictechnology as well as other new technical simple combination pieces together .Thisis the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrificationwhich the electricity forms in the concept basic difference .The mechanicalengineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machineryelectrification still was the traditional machinery its main function still wasreplaces with the enlargement physical strength .But after develops the integrationof machinery micro electron installment besides may substitute for certainmechanical parts the original function but also can entrust with many new functionslike the automatic detection the automatic reduction information demonstrate therecord the automatic control and the control automatic diagnosis and the protectionautomatically and so on .Not only namely the integration of machinery product ishumans hand and body extending humans sense organ and the brains look has theintellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machineryelectrification distinguishes in the function essence. 2. Integration of machinery development condition integration of machinerydevelopment may divide into 3 stages roughly.20th century 60s before for the firststage this stage is called the initial stage .In this time the people determinationnot on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement toconsummate the mechanical product the performance .Specially in Second World Warperiod the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technologyunion these mechanical and electrical union military technology postwar transferscivilly to postwar economical restoration positive function .Developed and thedevelopment at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneouscondition .Because at that time the electronic technology development not yetachieved certain level mechanical technical and electronic technology union alsonot impossible widespread and thorough development already developed the productwas also unable to promote massively. The 20th century 7080 ages for the second stagemay be called the vigorous development stage .This time the computer technologythe control technology the communication development has laid the technology basefor the integration of machinery development . Large-scale ultra large scaleintegrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development has provided thefull material base for the integration of machinery development .This timecharacteristic is :①A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japanprobably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgment to 1980s last stages in theworldwide scale ②The integration of machinery technology and the product obtainedthe enormous development ③The various countries start to the integration ofmachinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support.1990s later periods started the integration of machinery technology the new stagewhich makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction the integrationof machinery enters the thorough development time .At the same time optics thecommunication and so on entered the integration of machinery processes thetechnology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of machinery the footappeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machineryand so on the new branch On the other hand to the integration of
machinery systemmodeling design the analysis and the integrated method the integration ofmachinery discipline system and the trend of development has all conducted thethorough research .At the same time because the hugeprogress which domains and so on artificial intelligence technology neural networktechnology and optical fiber technology obtain opened the development vast worldfor the integration of machinery technology .These research will urge theintegration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and formsthe integrity gradually the scientific system. Our country is only then starts fromthe beginning of 1980s in this aspect to study with the application .The State Councilhad been established the integration of machinery leading group and lists as quot863plansquot this technology .When formulated quot95quot the plan and in 2010 developed thesummary had considered fully on international the influence which and possiblybrought from this about the integration of machinery technology developmenttrend .Many universities colleges and institutes the development facility and somelarge and middle scale enterprises have done the massive work to this technicaldevelopment and the application does not yield certain result but and so on theadvanced countries compared with Japan still has the suitable disparity. 3. Integration of machinery trend of development integrations of machinery arethe collection machinery the electron optics the control the computer theinformation and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses its developmentand the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and theprogress .Therefore the integration of machinery main development direction is asfollows: 3.1 Intellectualized intellectualizations are 21st century integration ofmachinery technological development important development directions .Theartificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machineryconstructors research takes the robot and the numerical control engine bedintellectualization is the important application .Here said quottheintellectualizationquot is to the machine behavior description is in the control theoryfoundation the absorption artificial intelligence the operations research thecomputer science the fuzzy mathematics the psychology the physiology and the chaosdynamics and so on the new thought the new method simulate the human intelligenceenable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference logical thinkingindependent decision-making obtains the higher control goal in order to .Indeedenable the integration of machinery product to have with the human identicalintelligence is not impossible also is nonessential .But the high performancethe high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to havepreliminary intelligent or humans partial intelligences then is completelypossible and essential. In the modern manufacture process the information has become the controlmanufacture industry the determining factor moreover is the most active actuationfactor .Enhances the manufacture system information-handling capacity to become themodern manufacture science development a key point .As a result of the manufacturesystem information organization and structure multi-level makes the information thegain the integration and the fusion presents draws up the character informationmeasure
multi-dimensional as well as information organizations multi-level .In themanufacture information structural model manufacture information uniform restraintdissemination processing and magnanimous data aspects and so on manufacture knowledgelibrary management all also wait for further break through. Each kind of artificial intelligence tool and the computation intelligence methodpromoted the manufacture intelligence development in the manufacture widespreadapplication .A kind based on the biological evolution algorithm computationintelligent agent in includes thescheduling problem in the combination optimization solution area of technologyreceives the more and more universal attention hopefully completes the combinationoptimization question when the manufacture the solution speed and the solutionprecision aspect breaks through the question scale in pairs the restriction .Themanufacture intelligence also displays in: The intelligent dispatch the intelligentdesign the intelligent processing the robot study the intelligent control theintelligent craft plan the intelligent diagnosis and so on are various These question key breakthrough may form the product innovation the basicresearch system. Between 2 modern mechanical engineering front science differentscience overlapping fusion will have the new science accumulation the economicaldevelopment and societys progress has had the new request and the expectation tothe science and technology thus will form the front science .The front science alsohas solved and between the solution scientific question border area .The front sciencehas the obvious time domain the domain and the dynamic characteristic .The projectfront science distinguished in the general basic science important characteristicis it has covered the key science and technology question which the project actualappeared. Manufacture system is a complex large-scale system for satisfies the manufacturesystem agility the fast response and fast reorganization ability must profit fromthe information science the life sciences and the social sciences and so on themulti-disciplinary research results the exploration manufacture system newarchitecture the manufacture pattern and the manufacture system effectiveoperational mechanism .Makes the system optimization the organizational structureand the good movement condition is makes the system modeling the simulation andthe optimized essential target .Not only the manufacture system new architecture tomakes the enterprise the agility and may reorganize ability to the demand responseability to have the vital significance moreover to made the enterprise first floorproduction equipment the flexibility and may dynamic reorganization ability set ahigher request .The biological manufacture view more and more many is introduced themanufacture system satisfies the manufacture system new request. The study organizes and circulates method and technique of complicated systemfrom the biological phenomenon is a valid exit which will solve many hard nut tocracks that manufacturing industry face from now on currently .Imitating to livingwhat manufacturing point is mimicry living creature organ of from the organizationfrom match more from growth with from evolution etc. function structure and circulatemode of a kind of manufacturing system and manufacturing process. The manufacturing drives in the mechanism under continuously by ones ownperfect raise on organizing structure and circulating mode
and thus to adapt theprocess ofwith ability for the environment .For from descend but the last productproceed together a design and make a craft rules the auto of the distance born producesystem of dynamic state reorganization and product and manufacturing the system tendautomatically excellent provided theories foundation and carry out acondition .Imitate to living a manufacturing to belong to manufacturing science andlife science ofquotthe far good luck is miscellaneous to hand overquot it will produceto the manufacturing industry for 21 centuries huge of influence .
机电一体化
摘要
机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。

综述了国内外机电一体化技术的现状，分析了机电一体化技术的发展趋势。

关键词机电一体化技术现状产品制造技术发展趋势
1．绪论
现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造。

在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由机械电气化迈入了机电一体化为特征的发展阶段。

2．机电一体化概要
机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。

机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容。

但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。

由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。

因此，机电一体化涵盖技术和产品两个方面。

只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。

这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。

机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力。

但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等。

即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。

. 2、机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段。

20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段。

在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。

特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用。

那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。

由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。

20世纪70~80年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。

这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。

大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。

这个时期的特点是：①mechatronics一词首先
在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；②机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；③各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。

20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。

一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。

同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。

这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。

我国是从20世纪80年代初才开始在这方面研究和应用。

国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组并将该技术列为“863计划”中。

在制定“九五”规划和2010年发展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由此可能带来的影响。

许多大专院校、研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工作，不取得了一定成果，但与日本等先进国家相比仍有相当差距。

3．机电一体化的发展趋势机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合，它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展和进步。

因此，机电一体化的主要发展方向如下：3.1智能化智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。

人工智能在机电一体化建设者的研究日益得到重视，机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用。

这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法，模拟人类智能，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目标。

诚然，使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。

但是，高性能、高速的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或人的部分智能，则是完全可能而又必要的。

3.2模块化模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。

由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。

如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元，以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。

这样，可利用标准单元迅速开发出新产品，同时也可以扩大生产规模。

这需要制定各项标准，以便各部件、单元的匹配和接口。

由于利益冲突，近期很难制定国际或国内这方面的标准，但可以通过组建一些大企业逐渐形成。

显然，从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以肯定，无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业还是对生产机电一体化产品的企业，规模化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程。

3.3网络化20世纪90年代，计算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术。

网络技术的兴起和飞速发展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、教育义举人么日常生活都带来了巨大的变革。

各种网络将全球经济、生产连成一片，企业间的竞争也将全球化。

机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来，只要其功能独到，质量可靠，很快就会畅销全球。

由于网络的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。

现场总线和局域网技术是家用电器网络化已成大势，利用家庭网络(home net)将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统(computer integrated appliance system, CIAS)，使人们在家里分享各种高技术带来的便利与快乐。

因此，机电一体化产品无疑朝着网络化方向发展。

3.4微型化微型化兴起于20世纪80年代末，指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域发展的趋势。

国外称其为微电子机械系统（MEMS），泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3的机电一体化产品，并向微米、纳米级发展。

微机电一体化产品体积小、耗能少、运动灵活，在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有不可比拟的优势。

微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术，微机电一体化产品的加工采用精细加工技术，即超精密技术，它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。

3.5绿色化工业的发达给人们生活带来了巨大
变化。

一方面，物质丰富，生活舒适；另一方面，资源减少，生态环境受到严重污染。

于是，人们呼吁保护环境资源，回归自然。

绿色产品概念在这种呼声下应运而生，绿色化是时代的趋势。

绿色产品在其设计、制造、使用和销毁的生命过程中，符合特定的环境保护和人类健康的要求，对生态环境无害或危害极少，资源利用率极高。

设计绿色的机电一体化产品，具有远大的发展前途。

机电一体化产品的绿色化主要是指，使用时不污染生态环境，报废后能回收利用。

3.6系统化系统化的表现特征之一就是系统体系结构进一步采用开放式和模式化的总线结构。

系统可以灵活组态，进行任意剪裁和组合，同时寻求实现多子系统协调控制和综合管理。

表现之二是通信功能的大大加强，一般除RS232外，还有RS485、DCS人格化。

未来的机电一体化更加注重产品与人的关系，机电一体化的人格化有两层含义。

一层是，机电一体化产品的最终使用对象是人，如何赋予机电一体化产品人的智能、情感、人性显得越来越重要，特别是对家用机器人，其高层境界就是人机一体化。

另一层是模仿生物机理，研制各种机电一体花产品。

事实上，许多机电一体化产品都是受动物的启发研制出来的。

4．结语综上所述，机电一体化的出现不是孤立的，它是许多科学技术发展的结晶，是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的必然要求。

当然，与机电一体化相关的技术还有很多，并且随着科学技术的发展，各种技术相互融合的趋势将越来越明显，机电一体化技术的广阔发展前景也将越来越光明。