英语听写速记符号
英语听力速记专用符号
专八英语听力速记专用符号1、数学符号+ ：plus, and, in addition++(+2)：more+3：most－：minus, lack, i×：“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念√：correct, good, positive, affirmative）> ：（bigger/larger/greater< ：less/smaller/fewer than,≥：≤：= ：≠ ：≈：Є：“属于”（belong to）( )：(among, within, etc. )∵：∴:⊥: based on2、标点符号: say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.? question，doubt! dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, jeopardy, w3、图形符号☆important，exemplary⊙meeting, meet, conference, discussion, negotiation），□ 国家□/□ 国与国∪因形状看起来像酒杯，表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”（agreement, accord, treaty, contract）。
因此，“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者n（多）.>< 对立、冲突＜＜波折∩ 进入∞ 接触、交往⊥ 分歧≡ 坚持！ 关键 ; 奇观@ 有关∽ 替换为‖ 但是○ 洞& 表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with，accompany，along with，further more，etc.＃表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.∟ 加在动词下表示“过去”、“……过”或“……了”」加在动词下表示“将来”※特征、特点（feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sign, exemplify）∧领导♀ female♂ male4、箭头符号↑ 表示“上升”、↓ 表示“减少”、← 原因、→ 导致、结果5、惯用符号（缩写）(1) 常用字母c表示“世纪”（century），比如“21世纪”可以写成21ce表示“经济”（economy, economic, economics）n表示“很多个”（many, much, several）(2) 英文缩写(适用于高频词)a.保留前几个字母Com：Edu：e.g.：info：IOU：I/O：ASAP:Max：Min：Esp:b. 拿掉所有元音MKT:MSG:STD:RCV:ACPT:AD:DEPT:STD:c.保留开头和结尾的辅音字母WK：d.根据发音R; U; UR;。
英语听力速记符号
英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上，也是引号的意思8. : - 同上，也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状，也可以表示声音的延长。
听力技巧--听力速记符号
e.g. for example< less than≤ no more than> more than≥ no less than≈ approximately= equal to≠ not equal to* important** very important ×wrong, bad√ right, good↑ increase↓ decrease+ better－worse∵because∴so← reason→ result? question! key point∈belong to& and缩写:cont. for continueded educationProf. professerch childcurr curriculumchem chemistryhist historyc/room classroomgeog geographyLng learningbk bookprob probablyex exercisewith w/18th century 18c字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
英语速记符号
→export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I →BJ at 6:00 pm d.←import, receive(from),come back(from)↑increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack×wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥more than or equal to≤less than or equal to≠be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
people or personEg.: 中国人和美国人中°＆US °⊙meeting, conference, negotiation(谈判)□state, countryEg.：2个国家2□＆and△stand for, on behalf ofEg.:我代表你I △U︰say, speak, tell, think.Eg.:我想说我爱你I 想︰I U ？question, doubt, confusion.Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。
英语听力速记符号总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possible AMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possible BAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communication CONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departure EXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerne dCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT Department DISC DiscountDPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to ≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵ because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴ so, thereforeⅢ其它。
英语听力速记符号体系总结
英语听力速记符号体系总结一、缩略词1.去掉所有元音如：STD---standard, MKT---market2.保留前几个字母如：INFO---information, ASAP---as soon as possible3.保留开头和结尾个发音字母如：WK---week, RM---room4.根据发音如：R---are, B4---before, you too---u2二、英文字母y: 年yearm: 月monthw: 周weekh:小时hours: 秒钟secondd: 日子/今天day/today2y:两年以前two years agob: 但是but, however, neverthelessc:世纪century四大速记符号1.常用速记标点使用冒号“: ”表示各种各样“说”的动词如say, speak, talk, announce, declare, 使用问号“?” 表示问题,如question, issue, problem2.常用速记数字符号•+表示“多”，many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, a bunch of•++/+2表示“多”的比较级more•+3表示“多”的最高级most•-表示“少”，little, few, lack, short of, have a shortage of•×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念，wrong, incorrect, something bad, notorious, negative•＝表示相同，一致，公平，如the same as, equal to, similar to•>表示大于，超过，高于，如surpass, exceed, more than, superior to•<表示少于，低于，如less than, inferior to .•∵表示因为，由于，幸亏，如because, due to, thanks to ,•∴表示所以，因此，结果是，如so, therefore, hence, consequently3．常用速记箭头•↑表示上升，如go up/upward, rise, increase, arise, ascend表示发射、投放市场、发行，如launch, open, start表示发展、加强、推进，如develop, strengthen, promote•↓表示减少，下降，降低，衰落，如decrease, decline, go down, drop, fall•一表示持平，维稳，如stabilize, remain stable, remain the same.→表示到达、传达，如go into, arrive at, give to, send to, present to表示导致、引导，如lead to, result in, in the direction of←表示来自于，如be/come from, return, receive from表示追溯到，如come/go back to, originate4．常用速记图形符号•√表示好的，著名的，如right, good, famous, well-known表示同意，如stand up for, support, agree with•！表示危险，警告，当心，值得注意，如dangerous, harmful, warming, alarming, alert, watch out•☆表示重点，重视，重要的，如important, significant, critical, substantial, meaningful, essential,outstanding•♀表示女性，woman , female•♂表示男性，man, male•$/￥表示钱，有钱的，富裕的，贵的，如dollar, money, rich, expensive.•V表示胜利，凯旋，如victory, triumph。
2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法
2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法在平时的训练过程中，英语专四考生应学习一些常用的速记方法。
专四听写的速度和效果很大程度上取决于考生是否能够熟练地进行速记。
下面无忧考网给考生整理《2019英语专业四级听力听写速记方法：符号法》一文，希望对大家备考有所帮助，在此预祝大家顺利通过考试。
符号法。
符号法就是利用一些形象的符号来代替具体的意义表达。
这种方法在速记里也有一套专门的符号体系。
笔者在此给大家列举一些最常见的符号：“→”表示到达、传达，可代替go into、arrive at、give to、send to、present to等词组。
“↑”表示上升，可代替up、upward、rise、increase、arise、ascend等词。
“+”表示多，可代替many、lots of、a great deal of、a good many of等词(组)。
“+2”表示比较级，可代替more、better以及其他形容词或副词的比较级。
“+3”表示级，可代替best、most 以及其他形容词或副词的级。
“=”表示同等概念，可代替means、that is to say、in other words、the same as、be equal to等词(组)。
“( )”表示“在……之间”，可代替among、within等词。
“≠”表示不同，可代替be different from等词组。
“～”表示约数概念，可代替about、around、or so、approximately等词(组)。
“/”表示否定或消除，可代替cross out、eliminate等词(组)。
“:”表示各种各样“说”的动词：say、speak、talk、remark、announce、declare等词。
“?”表示问题，可代替question、issue等词。
“∥”表示“结束”，可代替end、stop、halt、bring sth. to a standstill等词(组)。
英语听力速记符号 总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possibleBAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
听写Minilecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全.doc
听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department3）Use only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimum6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am’t = amountcont’d = continuedgov’t = governmenteducat’l = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions9）Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.12）Leave out unimportant words.13）Leave out the words a and the.14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= = is or equal16）Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water17）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallel18）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United Kingdom19）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli client20）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individual21）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery22）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo information23）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem24）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratios25）Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing26）Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskey27）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswere28）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aanthe29）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB30）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against31）Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.as a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
听力速记符号汇编-适合雅思听力、高级口译
听力速记符号汇编常用速记箭头汇编g1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit tof1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编：+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparedept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting,initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语四级学习听力速记符号
IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.1 拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2 保留前几个字母 INFO information NS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O3 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM roomPL people\ Z 表示"人"people/person，例如：日本人：JZ 4 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表APT Apartment ACC AccountantACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT CertificateCFM Conform CNCL CancelCNF Conference CMI CommissionCMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DPT Departure DEPT Department DISC DiscountEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT Extent FLT FlightFNT Final FRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T） Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS InsuranceINTST Interested I/O In stead ofIOU I owe you IVO In view ofMANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT Obtain ORD OrdinaryPAT Patent PC PiecePKG Packing PLS PleasePOSN Position POSS（BL） PossiblePROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN ReservationRPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC Section SITN SituationSTD Standard TEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO Though TKS ThanksTRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL Total U YouUR Your WK WeekWL Will WT Weight XL Extra large二、字母、图像C (control) 表示政府，统治：government，govern .governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治： politician就可以表示为 PZS (sum)/ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on thewhole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
听力速记符号
° people or person
Eg:中国人和美国人 (中°＆US °) ⊙ meeting, conference, negotiation □ state, country Eg：2个国家 (2□) △ stand for, on behalf of Eg.:我代表你 (I △U) ︰ say, speak, tell, think • opinion, ideas, thought, point Eg.:就这个问题，我想说几点。( I 想︰几• )
Байду номын сангаас
( ) including Eg.:包括我在内，有5个人参加了这次会议。 ( 5 °→ ⊙(me) ) >< conflict (冲突，对立) ⊥ dispute, difference, divergence (分歧) ∥ compare with (与…相比) ‖ but, however • y 去年 y • 明年 • • y 前年 y • • 后年 • d 昨天 d • 明天 • • d 前天 d • • 后天 • m 上个月 m • 下个月
Key to Exercises of Unit 7 on Page 69
• 1. Ca. cngrssm R.C. 今：reelctn • 2. win → mandt → plan →私ize postl sys $3 trillion: savs, insur progs ↓ 大ist finan insti. • 3. 去 Ger elctn end ← polls 开 今 race close SPD & CDU campgn →last min.
英语听力常用速记符号
符号类
< less than / smaller / fewer / inferior to ≤ no more than > more than / bigger / greater / superior to ≥ no less than ≈ approximately / around / about / almost = equal to ≠ not equal to / not match for * important ** very important × wrong, bad √ right, good
英语听力速记符号总结[1]
![英语听力速记符号总结[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b5e1acc528ea81c758f57870.png)
Ⅰ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
people or personEg.: 中国人和美国人中°＆US °⊙meeting, conference, negotiation(谈判)□ state, countryEg.：2个国家2□＆and△ stand for, on behalf ofEg.:我代表你I △U︰say, speak, tell, think.Eg.:我想说我爱你I 想︰I U？question, doubt, confusion.Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。
英语听力速记符号(典藏版)
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词AMAP As much/many as possible AD AdvertisementCMPE Compete/competitiveASAP As soon as possibleCONC Concern/concerning/concerned FYR For your referenceAPT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT AcceptADS Address ADV AdviceAMT AmountAPV ApproveBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMU CommunicationCOND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT Flight FNT FinalFRT FreightGD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1。
Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily。
A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references。
S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations。
cf = comparee.g。
= exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word。
pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable。
pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)之欧阳引擎创编
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S = sumf = frequen cy Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department U se only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = demo cracylib = liberalcap = capitali sm Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons= conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebio l = biologyinfo = informationa ch = achievementchem = chem istrymax = maximumintro = in troductionconc = concentration min = minimumrep = repetitio n Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmentedu cat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = intr oductions Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = e stablishingdecrg = decreasingexp tg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols whereapplicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water More reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of theword, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word.Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate shortwords. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important,ASAP: as soon as possible。
听写,Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全
听写,Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department3）Use only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimum6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am’t = amountcont’d = continuedgov’t = governmenteducat’l = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions9）Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.12）Leave out unimportant words.13）Leave out the words a and the.14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= = is or equal16）Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water17）Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallel18）Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United Kingdom19）Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli client20）Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individual21）To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery22）Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo information23）Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem24）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratios25）Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing26）Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: inbutaskey27）Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswere28）Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aanthe29）If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB30）Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against31）Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.as a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)之欧阳术创编
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at atime. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S = sumf = frequenc y Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democ racylib = liberalcap = capitalis m Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons =conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistr ymax = maximumintro = introd uctionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = p roblemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Us e an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = c ontinuedgov't = governmenteduca t'l = educationalForm the pluralof a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introd uctions Use g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = es tablishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefor e= = is or equal Use technicalsymbols whereapplicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterM ore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gytechnologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs.Examples:iswaswereLeave outunnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as=following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语四级学习听力速记符号
IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.1 拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: managerMSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2 保留前几个字母INFO information NS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O3 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM roomPL people\ Z 表示"人"people/person，例如：日本人：JZ4 根据发音R are THO though THRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表APT Apartment ACC AccountantACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possibleAMT Amount APV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL BalanceBLDG Building CERT CertificateCFM Conform CNCL CancelCNF Conference CMI CommissionCMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DPT DepartureDEPT Department DISC DiscountEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT Extent FLT FlightFNT Final FRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view ofMANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT Obtain ORD OrdinaryPAT Patent PC PiecePKG Packing PLS PleasePOSN Position POSS（BL）Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN ReservationRPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC Section SITN SituationSTD Standard TEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO Though TKS ThanksTRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL Total U YouUR Your WK WeekWL Will WT Weight XL Extra large二、字母、图像C (control) 表示政府，统治：government，govern .governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politician就可以表示为PZS (sum)/ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
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英语速记符号一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO ： informationINS ：insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK： weekRM： roomPL： peopleF根据发音R ：areTHO： thoughTHRU： through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ：ApartmentACC： AccountantACDG ：AccordingACPT: AcceptAD ：AdvertisementADS ：AddressADV： AdviceAMAP ：As much/many as possible AMT： AmountAPV ：ApproveASAP ：As soon as possibleBAL ：BalanceBLDG ：BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ：ConformCNCL ：CancelCNF： ConferenceCMI ：CommissionCMP ：CompleteCMPE ：Compete/competitiveCMU ：CommunicationCONC ：Concern/concerning/concerned COND ：ConditionCO. ：CompanyDEPT： DepartmentDISC ：DepartureEXCH： ExchangeEXPLN： ExplainEXT： ExtentFLT ：FinalFRT： FreightFYR ：For your referenceGD ：GoodGUAR ：GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO ：InformationIMPS ：ImpossibleIMP(T)： ImportantINCD ：Include INDIV ：Individual INS： Insurance INTST ：Interested I/O ：In stead of IOU ：I owe you IVO： In view of MANUF ：Manufacture MDL ：ModelMEMO ：Memorandum MGR ：MangerMIN ：MinimumMKT ：MarketMSG ：Message NCRY ：Necessary NLT ：No later than OBS ：ObserveOBT ：ObtainORD ：OrdinaryPAT ：PatentPC ：PiecePKG ：PackingPL ：PeoplePLS ：Please POSN： Position POSS(BL)： Possible PROD： Product QLTY： Quality QUTY： Quantity RCV： ReceiveREF ：Reference REGL ：RegularREP ：Representative RESN： Reservation RPT ：Repeat RESPON ：Responsible SEC： SectionSITN ：Situation STD ：StandardTEL ：Telephone TEMP ：Temporary TGM ：TelegraphTHO ：ThoughTKS ：ThanksTRD ：TradeTRF： TrafficTTL ：TotalU ：YouUR ：YourWK ：WeekWL ：WillWT ：WeightXL： Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。
如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示进口，Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc. T 表示"领导人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc三、数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than,etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc. / 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.四、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。