句子结构及分析 英语语法总结

2.1 Basic clause types
• The combination of clause elements (phrases) are wholly or largely determined by the main verb Linking verb orclause, copular: thus we in the SVChave: 主动表 联系动词
She is young and in good health. Randolph is paying for the meal. It turned out a huge success. We are putting up at a motel.
2.3 Discussion: identify the following sentence pattern
SVC
2.4 Sentence in real text: verbless sentences
• The axiom 公理:
• Sentences should be built around the main verb; • any finite clause should take an expressed subject. In the real text written by native speakers (especially those literary ones), there are a lot of sentences with no expressed verb and subject.
1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates
• A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心 不能二用。 • A man cannot whistle and drink at he same time. 一 心不能二用。
1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates
Compound Predicate
My friend lives in a green house and rides a red bicycle. I opened the magazine and began to read it quietly.
He left home a mere child and returned quite a different man.
= He was a mere child when he left home, and he became quite a different man when he returned.
SVOC They looked on me as their role model. SVAC Slowly is exactly how he speaks.
Out on the lake will be splendid.
SVO Because Sally wants to leave doesn‘t mean that we have to.
Verb (+ complementation)
1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates
• Compound subject： The boys and the girls are planning a dance. Fruit flies and ladybugs are insects.
1.3 Double Predicates
• The difference between compound predicate and double predicate.
A bird fell dead to the ground. A bird fell to ground and died. A bird died and fell to the ground. A bird fell to the ground and it was dead. * A bird fell died to the ground. Double predicate Compound predicate Compound predicate Compound sentence
2.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture
• Object: Ke Jingteng has read the letter. (SVO) • Direct Object: Ke Jingteng gave Shen Jiayi a letter. (SVoO)
• Indirect object: Ke Jingteng gave her a letter. (SVoO)
2.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture
• Object complement/predicative:
We elected him our president. (SVOC)
1.1. Clause elements
• The construction of the simple sentence or clause organized by a group of phrases goes as follows:
Subject: the topic or theme of the sentence / telling of what the sentence is about /
1.4 Two ways of clause analysis: （1）Subject+ Predicate Verb + (complementation):
A verb-centered analysis
Sentence Clause
NP Subject All the men
பைடு நூலகம்
VP Predicate verb have done
• subject + predicate
realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun
phrase
1.1. Clause elements
Predicate: says something about the subject and bears
1.3 Double Predicates
• Double Predicates:
• those transformed through complicated deep structures
A bird fell dead to the ground.
The doctor sat reading a newspaper in the shade.
NP Object
their best
1.4 Two ways of clause analysis: （2）Subject+ Predicate
Sentence Clause
Subject
predicate
Operator
Predication
All the men
have
done their best
• Adverbial:
They live in Taiwan. (SVA)
2.3 Discussion: identify the following sentence pattern
They’re out of breath. They’re out of town.
SVC SVC/SVA? SVC SVO/SVA? SVC SVA
1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates
• [Fish] and [visitors] days . (smell) three
• －－ Franklin Benjamin , American president
• 鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。 ［The greatest of evils］ and ［the worst of crimes］ （Be）poverty. ---George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist
1. Sentence Structure
subject and predicate
1. Sentence Structure
• When sentence structure is described, we usually focus on the structure of simple sentences, i.e. the independent clauses.
the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to receivers; a more
complicated construction consisting of a
verb phrase with or without complementation
Intransitive: Monotransitive: SV; SVA SVO SVoO SVOC
Ditransitive:
Complex transitive:
2.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture
• SVC • Subject: The letter is his. • Predicate verb: The letter is his. • Subject complement/predicative: The letter is his.