挡土墙英文 翻译
建筑技术常用英语词汇汇总
建筑技术常用英语词汇汇总建筑技术是一个重要的领域，涉及到许多专业术语和概念。
以下是一些常用的英语词汇，可以帮助你更好地理解和交流建筑技术方面的知识。
建筑结构- Foundation（地基）- Beam（梁）- Column（柱）- Slab（楼板）- Wall（墙体）- Roof（屋顶）- Staircase（楼梯）- Framing（框架）- Insulation（隔热）- Reinforcement（钢筋）- Shear wall（剪力墙）- Retaining wall（挡土墙）- Truss（桁架）- Scaffolding（脚手架）- Balcony（阳台）建筑材料- Concrete（混凝土）- Brick（砖）- Stone（石头）- Wood（木材）- Steel（钢材）- Glass（玻璃）- Roofing tiles（屋顶瓦）- Plaster（灰泥）- Insulation material（保温材料）- Paint（油漆）- Ceramic tile（瓷砖）- Flooring（地板材料）建筑工艺- Excavation（挖掘）- Formwork（模板）- Reinforcing bar installation（钢筋安装）- Concrete pouring（浇筑混凝土）- Bricklaying（砌砖）- Masonry（砌体）- Plastering（抹灰）- Tiling（贴瓷砖）- Painting（油漆工作）- Electrical wiring（电线安装）- Plumbing（管道安装）- HVAC installation（暖通空调安装）- Finishing（装修）建筑设备- Crane（起重机）- Bulldozer（推土机）- Excavator（挖掘机）- Concrete mixer（混凝土搅拌机）- Scaffolding system（脚手架系统）- Tower crane（塔式起重机）- Scissor lift（剪式升降平台）- Forklift（叉车）- Generator（发电机）建筑测量和规划- Surveying（测量）- Topographic survey（地形测量）- Leveling（水准测量）- Site plan（平面图）- Blueprint（施工图）- Scale drawing（比例图）- Building code（建筑法规）- Zoning regulations（分区规定）- Environmental impact assessment（环境影响评估）- Permit（许可证）- Construction site（工地）这些词汇可以帮助你在建筑技术领域进行交流和理解。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineeringdevelopment organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material装修材料ventilation 通风natural ~ 自然通风mechanical ~ 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system空调系统(air) void ration（土）空隙比albery壁厨，壁龛a l mery壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt (malthoid) 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork 模板（工程）shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation桩基deep foundation 深基础shallow foundation浅基础foundation depth基础埋深pad foundation独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation筏基box foundation箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯electric elevatorlift well电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μYoung’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量Esafety coefficient 安全系数fatigue failure 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板window blind 窗帘sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concretemortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentagereinforcing work钢筋工程residential building居住建筑rigid foundation刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sand cushion砂垫层saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill窗台silty soil粉质土single door单扇门double door双扇门single reinforcemen单筋tsliding door推拉门sliding window水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板store room贮藏室structural drawings结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation隔热through ventilation穿堂风timber structure 木结构wood structuretoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper描图纸lawn 草坪treatment of elevation立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂retarding admixture缓凝剂water-reducing agent减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump坍落度water-cement ratio水灰比w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength抗拉强度compressive strength抗压强度bending strength抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料building material continuous beam连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows窗间墙stability稳定性stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram应力-应变图damp-proof coating防潮层osmosis渗透osmotic co-efficient渗透系数osmotic pressure渗透压力finite element method 有限单无法finite-difference method有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书bid call招标bid opening开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价，投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙parapet (wall) bloodwood 红木redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件building law 建筑法building line 建筑红线building module 建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向building permits for construction建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备building physics建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管built –in cupboard 壁厨cable structure 悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构canopy雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土caterpillar crane 履带式起重机cavity brick空心砖cavity wall空心墙ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板cement floor水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)chain-pull switch拉线开关cromatics色彩学city planning城市规划civil architecture民用建筑civil building民用建筑civil engineering土木工程clay brick粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestory windows高侧窗closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁combination beam 组合梁combination construction 混合结构shear wall 剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度transom （门上的）亮子bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam 梁framework 框架truss桁架statically determinate ~ 静定桁架statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架elasticity弹性plasticity塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility挠度bending moment弯矩~ diagram 弯矩图~ envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线aggregate 骨料coarse ~ 粗骨料fine ~ 细骨料admixture外加剂concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滞性geology地质earth pressure 土压力active ~ 主动土压力coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂artificial daylight人工采光artificial illumination人工照明art of architecture建筑艺术seismatic design 抗震设计back view 背立面balcony阳台balustrade 栏杆，扶手bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架band iron扁铁，扁钢bar cutter钢筋切断机bar list钢筋表bar spacing钢筋间距base board踢脚板basic module基本模数BC=building code建筑法规beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构beam-and-slab construction梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beambeam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beambeam with fixed ends 固端梁bending stiffness弯曲刚度bending strength抗弯强度bending stress弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土compacted soil压实土compaction by layers分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibration振动压实compartmentation隔断completion acceptance竣工验收completion date 竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋compression steel受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程conductor 水落管construction administration 施工管理constructional drawing 施工图,构造图construction and installation work 建筑安装工程construction company 建筑公司construction economics建筑经济construction industry建筑(工)业construction in process 在建工程construction management plan 施工组织设计construction period施工工期construction site 施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变cross wall横墙dark room暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段design scheme设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图development area 开发区digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank distributed load分布荷载distributing bars 分布钢筋distribution reinforcement分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turndomestic building居住房屋,住宅door window落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载earthquake resistant design抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthwork quantity土方工程量eave 屋檐effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature jointfactory building厂房figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glass fixed window固定窗flat skylight平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础floor load楼面荷载floor plan楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度story height层高farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steelfoundation beam 基础梁foundation bed 基础垫层gable 出墙~ wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图general layout 总平面图,总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stoneground engineering地基工程ground floor plan底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟hair 麻刀hempmixed sand 混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学soil mechanics土力学rock mechanics岩石力学fluid mechanics流体力学abrasive floor防滑地板accelerated cement 快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收acceptance of tender得标acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收access eye 清扫孔，检查孔access hole 检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风acid 酸alkali碱acoustical insulation 隔声red cray 红粘土adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer冷底子油administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额norm for estimating material requirements材料定额open ditch 明沟open trenchoutside finish 外装修partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂pipeline gas 管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰plinth (wall)勒脚pointing (joints)勾缝pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙porch 门廊,走廊pore water 孔隙水post-tensioning method后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土pretensioning method先张法protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网public building公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所public conveniencepump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platformhallway门厅,过道hemp thread麻丝high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店hip 屋脊线hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋hull core structure筒体结构inside finish内装修jalousie window 百叶窗, louver windowjunior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder kick strip 踢脚step踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆lintol (门窗)过梁lintellongitudinal bar纵向钢筋low-rise building低层建筑LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)rmastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料membrane curing薄膜养护metallic tape钢卷尺metal window钢窗mid-span moment跨中弯矩mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio mopboard踢脚板mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window。
土木工程常用术语英语翻译及名词解释汇总 (5)
将钢轨固定在轨枕或其它轨下基础的连接 零零件,包括道钉,垫板和扣压件等.
43. 护轮轨 guard rail
为防止车轮脱轨或一侧偏移,在轨道上钢轨 内侧加铺的不承受车轮垂直荷载的钢轨.
44. 铁路路肩 railway shoulder
铁路路基面上无道床覆盖的部分.
45. 码头胸墙 wharf shoulder
将边沟,截水沟,取土坑或路基附近的积水, 疏导至蓄水池或低洼地,天然河沟或桥涵处 的设施.
31. 护坡 slope protection; revetment
为防止边坡受水冲刷,在坡面上所作的各种 铺砌和栽植的统称.
32. 挡土墙 retaining wall
主要承受土压力,防止土体塌滑的墙式建筑 物.
10．桁架 truss
由若干杆件构成的一种平面或空间的格架 式结构或构件。各杆件主要承受各种作用 产生的轴赂力，有时也承受节点弯矩和剪 力。
11．框架 frame
由梁和柱连接而构成的一种平面或空间， 单层或多层的结构。
12．排架 bent frame
由梁（或桁架）和柱铰接而成的单层框架。
22．行车道 carriageway
公路上代各咱车辆行驶部分的总称，包括 快车行车道和慢行车道。
23．变速车道 speed-change lane
高等级公路上的加速度车道和减速车道的 总称。
24．人行道 sidewalk
公路上用路缘石、护桩或其它设施加以分 隔，专门供人行走
25. 分隔带 Lane separator
36. 轨排 track skeleton
两根钢轨和轨枕用扣件连接成的整体结构 件.
37. 道床 bed
支承和固定轨枕,并将其支承的荷载传布于 铁路路基面的轨道组成部分.
建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语 中英文对照
工程英语结构工程常用词汇土木工程常用英语术语目录结构工程常用词汇1土木工程常用英语术语2第一节一般术语2第二节房屋建筑结构术语5第三节公路路线和铁路线路术语6第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语7第五节水工期建筑物术语9第六节结构构件和部件术语11第七节地基和基础术语15第八节结构可靠性和设计方法术语15第九节结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语17第十节材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语21第十一节几何参数和常用量程术语23第十二节工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计、25结构工程常用词汇混凝土:concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土:reinforced concrete(RC）钢筋混凝土结构:reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯:cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量:shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率:percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变:strain应力集中：concentration of stresses 应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线:stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载:loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度:torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point 屈服荷载:yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构:bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土:prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失:loss of prestress预制板:precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋:two—way reinforcement主梁:main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性:ductileity受弯构件:member in bending受拉区:tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性:reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋:bent—up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non—reinforced concrete无梁楼盖:flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉:eccentric tension偏心受压:eccentric compression 偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨高比：span-to—depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载:concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载:design load设计强度：design strength 构造:construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section 浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接:bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性:brittleness脆性破坏:brittle failure土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1。
土木工程常用术语英语翻译及名词解释(六)
土木工程常用术语英语翻译及名词解释(六)第六节结构构件和部件术语1．构件 member组成结构的单元。
2．部件 component; assembly parts结构中由若干构件组成的组合件，如楼梯、阳台、楼盖等。
3．截面 section设计时所考虑的结构构件与某一平面的交面。
当该交面与结构构件的纵向轴线或中面正交时的面称正截面，斜交时的面称斜截面。
4．梁 beam; girder一种由支座支承的直线或曲线形构件。
它主要承受各种作用产生的弯矩和剪力，有时也承受扭矩。
5．拱 arch一种由支座支承的曲线或折线形构件。
它主要承受各种作用产生的轴向压力，有时也承受弯矩、剪力，或扭矩。
6．板 slab; plate一种由支座支承的平面尺寸大，而厚度相对较小的平面构件。
它主要承受各种作用产生的弯矩和剪力。
7．壳 shell一种曲面构件，它主要承受各种作用产生的中面内的力，有时也承受弯矩、剪力或扭矩。
8．柱 column一咱竖向直线构件。
它主要承受各咱作用产生的轴向压力，有时也承受弯矩、剪力或扭矩。
9．墙 wall一种竖向平面或曲面构件。
它主要承受各咱作用产生的中面内的力，有时也承受中面外的弯矩和剪力。
10．桁架 truss由若干杆件构成的一种平面或空间的格架式结构或构件。
各杆件主要承受各种作用产生的轴赂力，有时也承受节点弯矩和剪力。
11．框架 frame由梁和柱连接而构成的一种平面或空间，单层或多层的结构。
12．排架 bent frame由梁（或桁架）和柱铰接而成的单层框架。
13．刚架（刚构） rigid frame由梁和柱刚接而构成的框架。
14．简支梁 simply supported beam梁搁置在两端支座上，其一端为轴向有约束的铰支座，另一端为能轴向滚动的支座。
15．悬臂梁 cantilever beam梁的一端为不产生轴向、垂直位移和转动的固定支座，另一端为自由端。
16．两端固定梁 beam fixed at both ends梁的两端均为不产生轴向、垂直位移和转动的固定支座。
土木工程常用必备英语词汇
表明indicate不均质性、异质性heterogeneity测量、调查survey测量员surveyors场地调查site investigation沉淀、下沉subside沉积物deposits沉降settlement成比例的proportionately承受withstand城镇化urbanization持支撑support 支触发点，扳机trigger传播速度propagation velocity传递荷载transfer load大坝dams大量使用make extensive use of代表性土样representative samples of soils弹性elasticity挡土墙retaining wall地基梁grade beam地理勘探geophysical exploration地面the ground surface地铁线subway line地图绘制mapping地下空间开发underground space utilization地下设施underground facility地下室basement地下水位线the groundwater level地下水污染groundwater pollution地震技术seismic techniques地质构成geologic formation冻融循环freezing-thawing cycle独立基础footing浮式基础floating foundations副产品by-products改善环境improving the environment干湿循环wetting-drying cycle钢筋steel钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete各种，所有方面all aspects of工程管理engineering management公共交通mass transit公共设施utility固结consolidation管道工程学pipeline engineering管线pipeline国家高速运输体系high-speed national transportation systems海岸工程、海洋工程offshore projects 海港harbor洪水灾害floods护堤、路堤embankments滑动剪切特性shearing characteristics 环境恶化environmental degradation 环境工程学environmental engineering 基础设施infrastructure基础体系foundation system基础托换、基础加固underpinning offoundation基础问题elementary problems基于based on计算机辅助设计computer-aided design剪切强度shearing strength建造、施工construction建筑工程学规划constructionengineering建筑规范building codes建筑物，构筑物structure交通工程专家transportationspecialists交通拥堵traffic congestion交通运输工程transportationengineering结构工程structural engineering结构工程专家structural specialists结构扰动structural disturbance结合、组合combination经济发展economic development精细的elaborate聚合物aggregate开挖excavate/excavation开展室内试验performing laboratorytest开展土力学实验perform soilexperiments颗粒尺寸grain size可靠的，可信懒的dependable困境dilemma扩展基础spread foundation理论的应用application of theory连续基础continuous footing联合基础combined footing灵活性、柔性flexible流速rate of flow流体静力学hydrostatic路基材料、地基材料subgrade materials毛细性capillarity密度density明显的进步considerable progress模板forms摩擦阻力frictional resistance内摩擦力internal friction泥浆slurries排水系统drainage system膨胀土expansive soil平板基础slab foundations平衡equilibrium评价、评估evaluate破坏，恶化degrade破坏、失效failure破裂rupture强度strength确保ensureplanning渗透性permeability渗透性permeability施工管理专家construction managementspecialists施工现场construction sites使排水、脱水dewater试验数据experimental data适应，容纳accommodate适用性suitability水利发电的、水电的hydroelectric水利工程学hydraulic engineering水泥；结合剂cement水气moisture素混凝土plain concrete塑性plasticity隧道tunnel土的参数、特性soil characteristic土力学soil mechanics土木工程civil engineering土木工程师civil engineer土压力理论theory of earth pressure为…细分..subdivided into卫生填埋sanitary landfills稳定（性），稳固;stability无效率的inefficient物理特性physical properties下部结构substructure箱型基础caisson消除污染eliminate pollution消遣，娱乐recreational悬臂基础cantilever footing压力pressure压缩性compressibility岩土工程学geotechnical engineering岩土工程专家geotechnical specialists研究生和本科生graduate andundergraduate students液限和塑限liquid and plastic limits易燃的、可燃的combustible有希望的，有前途的promising与….对抗versus预想，设想envision源于stems from远远，不仅仅far more than遭受（荷载、力等）subjected to粘聚力cohesion振动vibration止水帷幕cutoff wall住宅的、居住的residential专业、专长specialty砖brick桩帽，承台pile cap总体视野、全面思想comprehensive vision组成、成分composition钻孔borehole钻孔试验drilling test钻探方法drilling methodsground water地下水rock岩石sand砂子settlement沉降shale页岩clay粘土tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁seismic 地震boring钻孔,penetration test 贯入试验testpit试坑pressuremetertest 旁压仪试验plateloadtest平板载荷试验,cone penetration Test 圆锥贯入试验Standard penetration test标准贯入试验Weight sounding test重量探测试验geopbone地震检波器heave隆起,flow line流线equipotential line等势线settlement, 沉降failure surface破坏面fow net流网failure surface破坏面differential settlement差异沉降cracks 裂缝active earth pressure主动土压力retaining wall 挡土墙sheet pile板桩,anchor锚vertical component竖向分量anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙concrete element 混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminium strip铝条strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力, sheet pile板桩,bottom heave底部隆起concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile 钢桩timber pile木桩point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力settlement沉降soft clay软粘土void ratio孔隙比porosity 孔隙率water content 含水率unit weight 容重dry unit weight干容量unit weight f solid固体容重specific gravity 比重degree of saturation饱和度gas 气water水solid固体liquid limit液限low plasticity低液限medium plasticity高液限A-line A线clay 粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限semi solid半固体plastic 塑性liquid液体coefficient of permeability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area过水面积effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力stress应力 strain应变secant modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系poisson’s ratio泊松比modulus of elasticity弹性模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形coefficient of lateral earth pressureat rest侧向静止土压力系数compression modulus压缩模量shear strength抗剪强度failure surface 破坏面attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力shear stress剪应力failure surface破坏面normal stress法向应力friction angle 摩擦角cohesion内聚力Mohr’s stress circle摩尔圆gravel砾石sand砂土silt 粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test 三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩实验Fall cone test落锥实验Vane test十字板试验表明indicate不均质性、异质性heterogeneity测量、调查survey测量员surveyors场地调查site investigation沉淀、下沉subside沉积物deposits沉降settlement成比例的proportionately承受withstand城镇化urbanization持支撑support 支触发点，扳机trigger传播速度propagation velocity传递荷载transfer load大坝dams大量使用make extensive use of代表性土样representative samples of soils弹性elasticity挡土墙retaining wall地基梁grade beam地理勘探geophysical exploration地面the ground surface地铁线subway line地图绘制mapping地下空间开发underground space utilization地下设施underground facility地下室basement地下水位线the groundwater level地下水污染groundwater pollution地震技术seismic techniques地质构成geologic formation冻融循环freezing-thawing cycle独立基础footing浮式基础floating foundations副产品by-products改善环境improving the environment干湿循环wetting-drying cycle钢筋steel钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete各种，所有方面all aspects of工程管理engineering management公共交通mass transit公共设施utility固结consolidation管道工程学pipeline engineering管线pipeline国家高速运输体系high-speed national transportation systems海岸工程、海洋工程offshore projects 海港harbor洪水灾害floods护堤、路堤embankments滑动剪切特性shearing characteristics 环境恶化environmental degradation 环境工程学environmental engineering 基础设施infrastructure基础体系foundation system基础托换、基础加固underpinning offoundation基础问题elementary problems基于based on计算机辅助设计computer-aided design剪切强度shearing strength建造、施工construction建筑工程学规划constructionengineering建筑规范building codes建筑物，构筑物structure交通工程专家transportationspecialists交通拥堵traffic congestion交通运输工程transportationengineering结构工程structural engineering结构工程专家structural specialists结构扰动structural disturbance结合、组合combination经济发展economic development精细的elaborate聚合物aggregate开挖excavate/excavation开展室内试验performing laboratorytest开展土力学实验perform soilexperiments颗粒尺寸grain size可靠的，可信懒的dependable困境dilemma扩展基础spread foundation理论的应用application of theory连续基础continuous footing联合基础combined footing灵活性、柔性flexible流速rate of flow流体静力学hydrostatic路基材料、地基材料subgrade materials毛细性capillarity密度density明显的进步considerable progress模板forms摩擦阻力frictional resistance内摩擦力internal friction泥浆slurries排水系统drainage system膨胀土expansive soil平板基础slab foundations平衡equilibrium评价、评估evaluate破坏，恶化degrade破坏、失效failure破裂rupture强度strength确保ensureplanning渗透性permeability渗透性permeability施工管理专家construction managementspecialists施工现场construction sites使排水、脱水dewater试验数据experimental data适应，容纳accommodate适用性suitability水利发电的、水电的hydroelectric水利工程学hydraulic engineering水泥；结合剂cement水气moisture素混凝土plain concrete塑性plasticity隧道tunnel土的参数、特性soil characteristic土力学soil mechanics土木工程civil engineering土木工程师civil engineer土压力理论theory of earth pressure为…细分..subdivided into卫生填埋sanitary landfills稳定（性），稳固;stability无效率的inefficient物理特性physical properties下部结构substructure箱型基础caisson消除污染eliminate pollution消遣，娱乐recreational悬臂基础cantilever footing压力pressure压缩性compressibility岩土工程学geotechnical engineering岩土工程专家geotechnical specialists研究生和本科生graduate andundergraduate students液限和塑限liquid and plastic limits易燃的、可燃的combustible有希望的，有前途的promising与….对抗versus预想，设想envision源于stems from远远，不仅仅far more than遭受（荷载、力等）subjected to粘聚力cohesion振动vibration止水帷幕cutoff wall住宅的、居住的residential专业、专长specialty砖brick桩帽，承台pile cap总体视野、全面思想comprehensive vision组成、成分composition钻孔borehole钻孔试验drilling test钻探方法drilling methodsground water地下水rock岩石sand砂子settlement沉降shale页岩clay粘土tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁seismic 地震boring钻孔,penetration test 贯入试验testpit试坑pressuremetertest 旁压仪试验plateloadtest平板载荷试验,cone penetration Test 圆锥贯入试验Standard penetration test标准贯入试验Weight sounding test重量探测试验geopbone地震检波器heave隆起,flow line流线equipotential line等势线settlement, 沉降failure surface破坏面fow net流网failure surface破坏面differential settlement差异沉降cracks 裂缝active earth pressure主动土压力retaining wall 挡土墙sheet pile板桩,anchor锚vertical component竖向分量anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙concrete element 混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminium strip铝条strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力, sheet pile板桩,bottom heave底部隆起concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile 钢桩timber pile木桩point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力settlement沉降soft clay软粘土void ratio孔隙比porosity 孔隙率water content 含水率unit weight 容重dry unit weight干容量unit weight f solid固体容重specific gravity 比重degree of saturation饱和度gas 气water水solid固体liquid limit液限low plasticity低液限medium plasticity高液限A-line A线clay 粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限semi solid半固体plastic 塑性liquid液体coefficient of permeability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area过水面积effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力stress应力 strain应变secant modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系poisson’s ratio泊松比modulus of elasticity弹性模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形coefficient of lateral earth pressureat rest侧向静止土压力系数compression modulus压缩模量shear strength抗剪强度failure surface 破坏面attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力shear stress剪应力failure surface破坏面normal stress法向应力friction angle 摩擦角cohesion内聚力Mohr’s stress circle摩尔圆gravel砾石sand砂土silt 粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test 三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩实验Fall cone test落锥实验Vane test十字板试验表明indicate不均质性、异质性heterogeneity测量、调查survey测量员surveyors场地调查site investigation沉淀、下沉subside沉积物deposits沉降settlement成比例的proportionately承受withstand城镇化urbanization持支撑support 支触发点，扳机trigger传播速度propagation velocity传递荷载transfer load大坝dams大量使用make extensive use of代表性土样representative samples of soils弹性elasticity挡土墙retaining wall地基梁grade beam地理勘探geophysical exploration地面the ground surface地铁线subway line地图绘制mapping地下空间开发underground space utilization地下设施underground facility地下室basement地下水位线the groundwater level地下水污染groundwater pollution地震技术seismic techniques地质构成geologic formation冻融循环freezing-thawing cycle独立基础footing浮式基础floating foundations副产品by-products改善环境improving the environment干湿循环wetting-drying cycle钢筋steel钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete各种，所有方面all aspects of工程管理engineering management公共交通mass transit公共设施utility固结consolidation管道工程学pipeline engineering管线pipeline国家高速运输体系high-speed national transportation systems海岸工程、海洋工程offshore projects 海港harbor洪水灾害floods护堤、路堤embankments滑动剪切特性shearing characteristics 环境恶化environmental degradation 环境工程学environmental engineering 基础设施infrastructure基础体系foundation system基础托换、基础加固underpinning offoundation基础问题elementary problems基于based on计算机辅助设计computer-aided design剪切强度shearing strength建造、施工construction建筑工程学规划constructionengineering建筑规范building codes建筑物，构筑物structure交通工程专家transportationspecialists交通拥堵traffic congestion交通运输工程transportationengineering结构工程structural engineering结构工程专家structural specialists结构扰动structural disturbance结合、组合combination经济发展economic development精细的elaborate聚合物aggregate开挖excavate/excavation开展室内试验performing laboratorytest开展土力学实验perform soilexperiments颗粒尺寸grain size可靠的，可信懒的dependable困境dilemma扩展基础spread foundation理论的应用application of theory连续基础continuous footing联合基础combined footing灵活性、柔性flexible流速rate of flow流体静力学hydrostatic路基材料、地基材料subgrade materials毛细性capillarity密度density明显的进步considerable progress模板forms摩擦阻力frictional resistance内摩擦力internal friction泥浆slurries排水系统drainage system膨胀土expansive soil平板基础slab foundations平衡equilibrium评价、评估evaluate破坏，恶化degrade破坏、失效failure破裂rupture强度strength确保ensureplanning渗透性permeability渗透性permeability施工管理专家construction managementspecialists施工现场construction sites使排水、脱水dewater试验数据experimental data适应，容纳accommodate适用性suitability水利发电的、水电的hydroelectric水利工程学hydraulic engineering水泥；结合剂cement水气moisture素混凝土plain concrete塑性plasticity隧道tunnel土的参数、特性soil characteristic土力学soil mechanics土木工程civil engineering土木工程师civil engineer土压力理论theory of earth pressure为…细分..subdivided into卫生填埋sanitary landfills稳定（性），稳固;stability无效率的inefficient物理特性physical properties下部结构substructure箱型基础caisson消除污染eliminate pollution消遣，娱乐recreational悬臂基础cantilever footing压力pressure压缩性compressibility岩土工程学geotechnical engineering岩土工程专家geotechnical specialists研究生和本科生graduate andundergraduate students液限和塑限liquid and plastic limits易燃的、可燃的combustible有希望的，有前途的promising与….对抗versus预想，设想envision源于stems from远远，不仅仅far more than遭受（荷载、力等）subjected to粘聚力cohesion振动vibration止水帷幕cutoff wall住宅的、居住的residential专业、专长specialty砖brick桩帽，承台pile cap总体视野、全面思想comprehensive vision组成、成分composition钻孔borehole钻孔试验drilling test钻探方法drilling methodsground water地下水rock岩石sand砂子settlement沉降shale页岩clay粘土tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁seismic 地震boring钻孔,penetration test 贯入试验testpit试坑pressuremetertest 旁压仪试验plateloadtest平板载荷试验,cone penetration Test 圆锥贯入试验Standard penetration test标准贯入试验Weight sounding test重量探测试验geopbone地震检波器heave隆起,flow line流线equipotential line等势线settlement, 沉降failure surface破坏面fow net流网failure surface破坏面differential settlement差异沉降cracks 裂缝active earth pressure主动土压力retaining wall 挡土墙sheet pile板桩,anchor锚vertical component竖向分量anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙concrete element 混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminium strip铝条strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力, sheet pile板桩,bottom heave底部隆起concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile 钢桩timber pile木桩point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力settlement沉降soft clay软粘土void ratio孔隙比porosity 孔隙率water content 含水率unit weight 容重dry unit weight干容量unit weight f solid固体容重specific gravity 比重degree of saturation饱和度gas 气water水solid固体liquid limit液限low plasticity低液限medium plasticity高液限A-line A线clay 粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限semi solid半固体plastic 塑性liquid液体coefficient of permeability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area过水面积effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力stress应力 strain应变secant modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系poisson’s ratio泊松比modulus of elasticity弹性模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形coefficient of lateral earth pressureat rest侧向静止土压力系数compression modulus压缩模量shear strength抗剪强度failure surface 破坏面attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力shear stress剪应力failure surface破坏面normal stress法向应力friction angle 摩擦角cohesion内聚力Mohr’s stress circle摩尔圆gravel砾石sand砂土silt 粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test 三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩实验Fall cone test落锥实验Vane test十字板试验表明indicate不均质性、异质性heterogeneity测量、调查survey测量员surveyors场地调查site investigation沉淀、下沉subside沉积物deposits沉降settlement成比例的proportionately承受withstand城镇化urbanization持支撑support 支触发点，扳机trigger传播速度propagation velocity传递荷载transfer load大坝dams大量使用make extensive use of代表性土样representative samples of soils弹性elasticity挡土墙retaining wall地基梁grade beam地理勘探geophysical exploration地面the ground surface地铁线subway line地图绘制mapping地下空间开发underground space utilization地下设施underground facility地下室basement地下水位线the groundwater level地下水污染groundwater pollution地震技术seismic techniques地质构成geologic formation冻融循环freezing-thawing cycle独立基础footing浮式基础floating foundations副产品by-products改善环境improving the environment干湿循环wetting-drying cycle钢筋steel钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete各种，所有方面all aspects of工程管理engineering management公共交通mass transit公共设施utility固结consolidation管道工程学pipeline engineering管线pipeline国家高速运输体系high-speed national transportation systems海岸工程、海洋工程offshore projects 海港harbor洪水灾害floods护堤、路堤embankments滑动剪切特性shearing characteristics 环境恶化environmental degradation 环境工程学environmental engineering 基础设施infrastructure基础体系foundation system基础托换、基础加固underpinning offoundation基础问题elementary problems基于based on计算机辅助设计computer-aided design剪切强度shearing strength建造、施工construction建筑工程学规划constructionengineering建筑规范building codes建筑物，构筑物structure交通工程专家transportationspecialists交通拥堵traffic congestion交通运输工程transportationengineering结构工程structural engineering结构工程专家structural specialists结构扰动structural disturbance结合、组合combination经济发展economic development精细的elaborate聚合物aggregate开挖excavate/excavation开展室内试验performing laboratorytest开展土力学实验perform soilexperiments颗粒尺寸grain size可靠的，可信懒的dependable困境dilemma扩展基础spread foundation理论的应用application of theory连续基础continuous footing联合基础combined footing灵活性、柔性flexible流速rate of flow流体静力学hydrostatic路基材料、地基材料subgrade materials毛细性capillarity密度density明显的进步considerable progress模板forms摩擦阻力frictional resistance内摩擦力internal friction泥浆slurries排水系统drainage system膨胀土expansive soil平板基础slab foundations平衡equilibrium评价、评估evaluate破坏，恶化degrade破坏、失效failure破裂rupture强度strength确保ensureplanning渗透性permeability渗透性permeability施工管理专家construction managementspecialists施工现场construction sites使排水、脱水dewater试验数据experimental data适应，容纳accommodate适用性suitability水利发电的、水电的hydroelectric水利工程学hydraulic engineering水泥；结合剂cement水气moisture素混凝土plain concrete塑性plasticity隧道tunnel土的参数、特性soil characteristic土力学soil mechanics土木工程civil engineering土木工程师civil engineer土压力理论theory of earth pressure为…细分..subdivided into卫生填埋sanitary landfills稳定（性），稳固;stability无效率的inefficient物理特性physical properties下部结构substructure箱型基础caisson消除污染eliminate pollution消遣，娱乐recreational悬臂基础cantilever footing压力pressure压缩性compressibility岩土工程学geotechnical engineering岩土工程专家geotechnical specialists研究生和本科生graduate andundergraduate students液限和塑限liquid and plastic limits易燃的、可燃的combustible有希望的，有前途的promising与….对抗versus预想，设想envision源于stems from远远，不仅仅far more than遭受（荷载、力等）subjected to粘聚力cohesion振动vibration止水帷幕cutoff wall住宅的、居住的residential专业、专长specialty砖brick桩帽，承台pile cap总体视野、全面思想comprehensive vision组成、成分composition钻孔borehole钻孔试验drilling test钻探方法drilling methodsground water地下水rock岩石sand砂子settlement沉降shale页岩clay粘土tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁seismic 地震boring钻孔,penetration test 贯入试验testpit试坑pressuremetertest 旁压仪试验plateloadtest平板载荷试验,cone penetration Test 圆锥贯入试验Standard penetration test标准贯入试验Weight sounding test重量探测试验geopbone地震检波器heave隆起,flow line流线equipotential line等势线settlement, 沉降failure surface破坏面fow net流网failure surface破坏面differential settlement差异沉降cracks 裂缝active earth pressure主动土压力retaining wall 挡土墙sheet pile板桩,anchor锚vertical component竖向分量anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙concrete element 混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminium strip铝条strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力, sheet pile板桩,bottom heave底部隆起concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile 钢桩timber pile木桩point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力settlement沉降soft clay软粘土void ratio孔隙比porosity 孔隙率water content 含水率unit weight 容重dry unit weight干容量unit weight f solid固体容重specific gravity 比重degree of saturation饱和度gas 气water水solid固体liquid limit液限low plasticity低液限medium plasticity高液限A-line A线clay 粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限semi solid半固体plastic 塑性liquid液体coefficient of permeability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area过水面积effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力stress应力 strain应变secant modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系poisson’s ratio泊松比modulus of elasticity弹性模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形coefficient of lateral earth pressureat rest侧向静止土压力系数compression modulus压缩模量shear strength抗剪强度failure surface 破坏面attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力shear stress剪应力failure surface破坏面normal stress法向应力friction angle 摩擦角cohesion内聚力Mohr’s stress circle摩尔圆gravel砾石sand砂土silt 粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test 三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩实验Fall cone test落锥实验Vane test十字板试验表明indicate不均质性、异质性heterogeneity测量、调查survey测量员surveyors场地调查site investigation沉淀、下沉subside沉积物deposits沉降settlement成比例的proportionately承受withstand城镇化urbanization持支撑support 支触发点，扳机trigger传播速度propagation velocity传递荷载transfer load大坝dams大量使用make extensive use of代表性土样representative samples of soils弹性elasticity挡土墙retaining wall地基梁grade beam地理勘探geophysical exploration地面the ground surface地铁线subway line地图绘制mapping地下空间开发underground space utilization地下设施underground facility地下室basement地下水位线the groundwater level地下水污染groundwater pollution地震技术seismic techniques地质构成geologic formation冻融循环freezing-thawing cycle独立基础footing浮式基础floating foundations副产品by-products改善环境improving the environment干湿循环wetting-drying cycle钢筋steel钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete各种，所有方面all aspects of工程管理engineering management公共交通mass transit公共设施utility固结consolidation管道工程学pipeline engineering管线pipeline国家高速运输体系high-speed national transportation systems海岸工程、海洋工程offshore projects 海港harbor洪水灾害floods护堤、路堤embankments滑动剪切特性shearing characteristics 环境恶化environmental degradation 环境工程学environmental engineering 基础设施infrastructure基础体系foundation system基础托换、基础加固underpinning offoundation基础问题elementary problems基于based on计算机辅助设计computer-aided design剪切强度shearing strength建造、施工construction建筑工程学规划constructionengineering建筑规范building codes建筑物，构筑物structure交通工程专家transportationspecialists交通拥堵traffic congestion交通运输工程transportationengineering结构工程structural engineering结构工程专家structural specialists结构扰动structural disturbance结合、组合combination经济发展economic development精细的elaborate聚合物aggregate开挖excavate/excavation开展室内试验performing laboratorytest开展土力学实验perform soilexperiments颗粒尺寸grain size可靠的，可信懒的dependable困境dilemma扩展基础spread foundation理论的应用application of theory连续基础continuous footing联合基础combined footing灵活性、柔性flexible流速rate of flow流体静力学hydrostatic路基材料、地基材料subgrade materials毛细性capillarity密度density明显的进步considerable progress模板forms摩擦阻力frictional resistance内摩擦力internal friction泥浆slurries排水系统drainage system膨胀土expansive soil平板基础slab foundations平衡equilibrium评价、评估evaluate破坏，恶化degrade破坏、失效failure破裂rupture强度strength确保ensureplanning渗透性permeability渗透性permeability施工管理专家construction managementspecialists施工现场construction sites使排水、脱水dewater试验数据experimental data适应，容纳accommodate适用性suitability水利发电的、水电的hydroelectric水利工程学hydraulic engineering水泥；结合剂cement水气moisture素混凝土plain concrete塑性plasticity隧道tunnel土的参数、特性soil characteristic土力学soil mechanics土木工程civil engineering土木工程师civil engineer土压力理论theory of earth pressure为…细分..subdivided into卫生填埋sanitary landfills稳定（性），稳固;stability无效率的inefficient物理特性physical properties下部结构substructure箱型基础caisson消除污染eliminate pollution消遣，娱乐recreational悬臂基础cantilever footing压力pressure压缩性compressibility岩土工程学geotechnical engineering岩土工程专家geotechnical specialists研究生和本科生graduate andundergraduate students液限和塑限liquid and plastic limits易燃的、可燃的combustible有希望的，有前途的promising与….对抗versus预想，设想envision源于stems from远远，不仅仅far more than遭受（荷载、力等）subjected to粘聚力cohesion振动vibration止水帷幕cutoff wall住宅的、居住的residential专业、专长specialty砖brick桩帽，承台pile cap总体视野、全面思想comprehensive vision组成、成分composition钻孔borehole钻孔试验drilling test钻探方法drilling methodsground water地下水rock岩石sand砂子settlement沉降shale页岩clay粘土tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁seismic 地震boring钻孔,penetration test 贯入试验testpit试坑pressuremetertest 旁压仪试验plateloadtest平板载荷试验,cone penetration Test 圆锥贯入试验Standard penetration test标准贯入试验Weight sounding test重量探测试验geopbone地震检波器heave隆起,flow line流线equipotential line等势线settlement, 沉降failure surface破坏面fow net流网failure surface破坏面differential settlement差异沉降cracks 裂缝active earth pressure主动土压力retaining wall 挡土墙sheet pile板桩,anchor锚vertical component竖向分量anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙concrete element 混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminium strip铝条strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力, sheet pile板桩,bottom heave底部隆起concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile 钢桩timber pile木桩point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力settlement沉降soft clay软粘土void ratio孔隙比porosity 孔隙率water content 含水率unit weight 容重dry unit weight干容量unit weight f solid固体容重specific gravity 比重degree of saturation饱和度gas 气water水solid固体liquid limit液限low plasticity低液限medium plasticity高液限A-line A线clay 粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限semi solid半固体plastic 塑性liquid液体coefficient of permeability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area过水面积effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力stress应力 strain应变secant modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系poisson’s ratio泊松比modulus of elasticity弹性模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形coefficient of lateral earth pressureat rest侧向静止土压力系数compression modulus压缩模量shear strength抗剪强度failure surface 破坏面attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力shear stress剪应力failure surface破坏面normal stress法向应力friction angle 摩擦角cohesion内聚力Mohr’s stress circle摩尔圆gravel砾石sand砂土silt 粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test 三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩实验Fall cone test落锥实验Vane test十字板试验。
土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体工程reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体permissible stress allowable stress 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material装修材料ventilation 通风natural ~ 自然通风mechanical ~ 机械通风diaphragm wall continuous concrete wall 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system空调系统air void ration土空隙比albery壁厨,壁龛a l mery壁厨,贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability placeability 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass reinforced glass 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt malthoid 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀,麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork 模板工程shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction slipforming 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面piled foundation桩基deep foundation 深基础shallow foundation浅基础foundation depth基础埋深pad foundation独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation筏基box foundation箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯electric elevatorlift well电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μYoung’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数fatigue failure 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板window blind 窗帘sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖,马赛克, ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土,预拌混凝土real estate房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing meshreinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentagereinforcing work钢筋工程residential building居住建筑rigid foundation刚性基础roof 屋顶,屋盖,屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石,水刷石sand cushion砂垫层saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill窗台silty soil粉质土single door单扇门double door双扇门single reinforcemen单筋tsliding door推拉门sliding window水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stair railing 楼梯栏杆,楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步stair string er楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroomsteel forms钢模板store room贮藏室structural drawings结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation隔热through ventilation穿堂风timber structure 木结构wood structuretoilet 盥洗间,浴室,厕所,便池tracing paper描图纸lawn 草坪treatment of elevation立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池,小便斗,小便槽valley天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂retarding admixture缓凝剂water-reducing agent减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump坍落度water-cement ratio水灰比w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength抗拉强度compressive strength抗压强度bending strength抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料building material continuous beam连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows窗间墙stability稳定性stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram应力-应变图damp-proof coating防潮层osmosis渗透osmotic co-efficient渗透系数osmotic pressure渗透压力finite element method 有限单无法finite-difference method有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod雪荷载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标,标书bid call招标bid opening开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价,投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course檐口墙,女儿墙parapet wall bloodwood 红木redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件building law 建筑法building line 建筑红线building module 建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向building permits for construction建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备building physics建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管built –in cupboard 壁厨cable structure 悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构canopy雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土caterpillar crane 履带式起重机cavity brick空心砖cavity wall空心墙ceiling 顶棚,吊顶,天花板cement floor水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距中到中间距chain-pull switch拉线开关cromatics色彩学city planning城市规划civil architecture民用建筑civil building民用建筑civil engineering土木工程clay brick粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestory windows高侧窗closet 盥洗室,厕所,卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁combination beam 组合梁combination construction 混合结构shear wall 剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度transom 门上的亮子bar 棒,条,杆件,粗钢筋beam 梁framework 框架truss桁架statically determinate ~ 静定桁架statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架elasticity弹性plasticity塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility挠度bending moment弯矩~ diagram 弯矩图~ envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线aggregate 骨料coarse ~ 粗骨料fine ~ 细骨料admixture外加剂concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆density密度viscosity粘度,粘滞性geology地质earth pressure 土压力active ~ 主动土压力coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂artificial daylight人工采光artificial illumination人工照明art of architecture建筑艺术seismatic design 抗震设计back view 背立面balcony阳台balustrade 栏杆,扶手bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架band iron扁铁,扁钢bar cutter钢筋切断机bar list钢筋表bar spacing钢筋间距base board踢脚板basic module基本模数BC=building code建筑法规beam-and-column construction梁柱结构框架结构beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构beam-and-slab construction梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam beam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beambeam with fixed ends 固端梁bending stiffness弯曲刚度bending strength抗弯强度bending stress弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋,弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土compacted soil压实土compaction by layers分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibration振动压实compartmentation隔断completion acceptance竣工验收completion date 竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋compression steel受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程conductor 水落管construction administration 施工管理constructional drawing 施工图,构造图construction and installation work 建筑安装工程construction company 建筑公司construction economics建筑经济construction industry建筑工业construction in process 在建工程construction management plan 施工组织设计construction period施工工期construction site 施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变cross wall横墙dark room暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段design scheme设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图development area 开发区digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tankdistributed load分布荷载distributing bars 分布钢筋distribution reinforcement分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turndomestic building居住房屋,住宅door window落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载earthquake resistant design抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthwork quantity土方工程量eave 屋檐effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature joint factory building厂房figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glassfixed window固定窗flat skylight平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础floor load楼面荷载floor plan楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度story height层高farmed steel 型钢shaped steelfoundation beam 基础梁foundation bed 基础垫层gable 出墙~ wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图general layout 总平面图,总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stone ground engineering地基工程ground floor plan底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic water surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟hair 麻刀hempmixed sand 混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学soil mechanics土力学rock mechanics岩石力学fluid mechanics流体力学abrasive floor防滑地板accelerated cement 快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂,速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收acceptance of tender得标acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收access eye 清扫孔,检查孔access hole 检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断,屏风acid 酸alkali碱acoustical insulation 隔声red cray 红粘土adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer冷底子油administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wallnorm for detailed estimates 预算定额norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额norm for estimating material requirements材料定额open ditch 明沟open trenchoutside finish 外装修partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断pea shingle 豆砾石,绿豆砂pipeline gas 管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰plinth wall勒脚pointing joints勾缝pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙porch 门廊,走廊pore water 孔隙水post-tensioning method后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土pretensioning method先张法protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网public building公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所public conveniencepump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concretehalfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platform hallway门厅,过道hemp thread麻丝high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店hip 屋脊线hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋hull core structure筒体结构inside finish内装修jalousie window 百叶窗, louver windowjunior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girdermain beam 主梁primary beam, primary girderkick strip 踢脚step踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆lintol 门窗过梁lintellongitudinal bar纵向钢筋low-rise building低层建筑LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlourmastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料membrane curing薄膜养护metallic tape钢卷尺metal window钢窗mid-span moment跨中弯矩mixing proportion 配合比,混合比mixing ratiomopboard踢脚板mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window。
(锚碇式挡土墙)知识分享
weight of the soil above this part of the base helps
prevent overturning.
3) Other types: retaining wall with anchor (锚碇式挡土 墙); retaining wall with stepped back (踏步式挡土墙).
3
Wednesday, July 15, 2020
Retaining Walls
b. active earth pressure (the earth pressure exerted on the wall, when the wall moves away from the backfill);
c. passive earth pressure (the earth pressure exerted on the wall when the wall moves toward the soil).
d. (2) A retaining wall must a. be able to resist sliding along the base, b. be able to resist overturning, and c. not introduce a contact pressure on the
Retaining Walls
(3) The designer of a retaining wall should
a. either write the specifications for the backfill, and base the design of the wall on the specified backfill;
土木工程技术术语翻译技巧
2009年6月第10卷 第2期 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版) June 2009Vol .10 No .2 土木工程技术术语翻译技巧李延林1,万金香1,张 明2(1.中南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410075;2.中南大学土木建筑学院,湖南长沙410075)摘 要:土木工程技术术语是对外土木工程技术开发、交流与研究中常常要涉及到的。
要保证这一目标的实现首先要认识正确翻译土木工程术语的重要性,从土木工程技术领域的实际出发,探讨获得成功译文的技巧,从而减少对外土木技术开发、交流与研究中的障碍,服务现代化建设。
关键词:土木工程技术;术语;翻译技巧 一、常见的土木工程技术术语的译法土木工程技术术语在土木工程领域常见常用,它是整个土木工程技术专业的一部分,除了译者必须具备一定的土木工程技术知识外,还必须对工作极端负责任,熟悉翻译理论与实践的知识,对翻译方法不仅了解而且还能灵活地运用于翻译实践。
在土木工程技术术语翻译领域,译者常常采用如下翻译方法。
(一)直译在土木工程技术术语翻译中,直译是译者所使用的主要方法之一,它在翻译中所起的作用是其它任何翻译方法不能相比的,它帮助译者翻译了外文资料中的大部分内容。
例如:bu ilding engineering 房屋建筑工程ra il way engineering 铁路工程freezing and heati ng 冷热处理法ex pansive ground treat ment 膨胀土地基处理re i nforcement me th od 加筋法s oil dynam ics 土动力学stress pa th 应力路径实际上,在直译中还有种情况值得注意,那就是带词缀或缩略或合成形式的术语。
在土木工程技术术语中,带词缀或缩略形式的术语也比较常见。
例如:landslides =land +slide s =滑坡prel oading =p re +l oading =预压法defor m ati on =de +forma ti on =变形gr ound wa ter =ground +wate r =地下水recompac ti on =re +co mpacti on =再压缩walk way =walk +way =走道off s e t =off +se t =支距sh otc re t e =shot +concrete =喷凝土.di m ensi onl e ss =di m ensi on +l e ss 无量纲的co mpac tne ss =comp ac t +ne ss 密实度ASCE =Ame rican S ocie t y of Civil Enginee r 美国土木工程师学会 AASHT O =Ame rican A ss ocia ti on Sta te High way Offi 2cia ls 美国州公路官员协会ISS M G E =Int e rnati onal Society f o r Soil M echanics andGeotechnica l Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会(二)音译+意译或直译的术语一般说来,土木工程技术术语的须音译的部分就是不易用其它方法来翻译的术语,因为这些部分都是以专有名词来表述的。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic wa ter4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculat ion6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect7. 固结潜变（台）creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained groun d7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密（台）consolidation7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formu la10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formu la10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation17. 浅基础高杯口基础17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation17. 浅基础墙下条形基础17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundat ion17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing17. 浅基础下卧层substratum17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation17. 浅基础柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis18. 深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile18. 深基础承台pile caps18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pil e18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles18. 深基础钢桩steel pile18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile18. 深基础木桩timber piles18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock18. 深基础群桩pile groups18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩18. 深基础桩piles18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile18. 深基础最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick19. 地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment 19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement 19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method 19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting19. 地基处理硅化法silicification19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理换填法cushion19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting19. 地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method19. 地基处理纠偏技术19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment 19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure19. 地基处理褥垫pillow19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground19. 地基处理砂井sand drain19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground19. 地基处理砂桩sand column19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method19. 地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile19. 地基处理树根桩root pile19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain19. 地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer19. 地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理土桩earth pile19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique19. 地基处理外掺剂additive19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking19. 地基处理预压法preloading19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement19. 地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site21. 地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained tes t22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test。
土木工程英语专业词汇小集
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(2021年整理)土力学词汇英文翻译
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土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人: 刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure）of subsoil地基附加应力（压力)zadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall） friction 内摩擦角、外（墙背)摩擦角angular gravel，angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge，impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积Aartesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率average pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、b bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q，、N[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock，original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度（坡降）i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法（完整）土力学词汇英文翻译bound water 结合水（束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio（CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载(轴心荷载)characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数s coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C c coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v。
铁路施工常用英文词汇
铁路施工常用英文词汇1.核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture2.路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade3.预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance4.反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile5.换土change soil；soil replacement6.爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；dischargeof sedimentation by blasting7.抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation bythrowing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones8.路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut9.定向爆破directional blasting10.浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting11.深孔爆破deep hole blasting12.洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting13.扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting14.抛掷爆破pin-point blasting15.松动爆破blasting for loosening rock16.药壶爆破pot hole blasting17.裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting18.路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut19.堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting20.路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting21.弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank22.挡土墙retaining wall铁路施工常用英文词汇123.重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall24.衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relievingplatform；balanced type retaining wall25.锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retainingwall；anchored plate retaining wall26.加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall27.锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods28.管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall29.沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall30.抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile31.护墙guard wall tielu铁路施工32.护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching33.排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch34.边沟；侧沟side ditch35.天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch36.吊沟suspended ditch37.跌水hydraulic drop38.截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain39.急流槽chute40.排水槽drainage channel41.渗水暗沟blind drain42.渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel43.渗井leaching well；seepage well44.渗管leaky pipe45.平孔排水horizontal hole drainage46.反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter47.检查井inspection well；manhole48.砂井；排水砂井sand drain49.隔断层insulating course；insulating layer50.透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment51.渗水路堤immerseable embankment52.排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker53.坡面防护slope protection54.护岸revetment；shore protection55.导流堤diversion dike56.拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree57.落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks58.柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine59.固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation60.挡风墙wind-break wall61.防风栅栏wind break fence62.砂土液化sand liquefaction63.中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading64.桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge65.桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum66.换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load67.设计荷载design load68.主力principal load69.恒载dead load70.土压力earth load71.静水压力hydrostatic pressure72.浮力buoyancy73.列车活载live load of train74.列车离心力centrifugal force of train75.列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train76.冲击系数ceofficient of impact77.人行道荷载sidewalk loading78.附加力subsidiary load；secondary load79.列车制动力braking force of train80.列车牵引力tractive force of train81.风荷载wind load82.列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train83.流水压力pressure of water flow84.冰压力ice pressure85.冻胀力frost heaving force86.特殊荷载particular load87.船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft88.地震力seismic force89.地震烈度earthquake intensity90.地震震级earthquake magnitude91.施工荷载constructional loading92.荷载组合loading conbination93.铁路桥railway bridge94.公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combinedrail-cum-road bridge95.跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover96.高架桥viaduct97.旱桥dry bridge98.人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge99.圬工桥masonry bridge100.钢桥steel bridge101.铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge102.栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge103.全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge104.摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt105.扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot106.螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator107.混凝土桥concrete bridge108.钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge109.预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge110.先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder111.后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder112.部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge113.结合梁桥composite beam bridge114.低高度梁shallow girder115.无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper116.型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder117.简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge118.连续梁桥continuous beam bridge119.悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge120.板桥slab bridge121.空心板桥hollow slab bridge122.板梁plate girder123.工形梁I-beam124.箱形梁box girder125.槽形梁trough girder126.桁架truss127.拆装式桁架demountable truss128.刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge129.斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge130.悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge131.斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge132.浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge133.拱桥arch bridge134.固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch135.双铰拱two-hinged arch136.三铰拱three-hinged arch137.实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch138.空腹拱open-spandrel arch139.双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch140.系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch141.榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie 142.洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders143.尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge144.尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders145.活动桥movable bridge146.竖旋桥bascule bridge147.平旋桥swing bridge148.升降桥lift bridge149.正交桥right bridge150.斜交桥skew bridge151.曲线桥curved bridge152.曲梁curved beam153.特大桥super maior bridge154.大桥major bridge155.中桥medium bridge156.小桥minor bridge157.单线桥single track bridge158.双线桥double track bridge159.多线桥multi-track bridge160.正桥；主桥main bridge161.引桥approach spans162.上承式桥deck bridge163.半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 164.下承式桥through bridge165.双层桥double-deck bridge166.永久性桥permanent bridge167.临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge168.跨径；跨度span169.净跨clear spam170.桥梁全长overall length of bridge171.桥下净空underneath clearance172.主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder 173.节间长度panel length174.梁高depth of girder175.拱度camber176.挠度deflection177.节间panel178.锚跨；锚孔anchor span179.悬跨；吊孔suspended span 180.桥梁上部结构superstructure 181.腹板web plate182.翼缘flange183.翼缘板flange plate184.弦杆chord member185.腹杆web member186.斜杆diagonal member187.竖杆vertical member188.吊杆suspender hanger189.加劲杆stiffener190.节点panel point191.节点板gusset plate192.拼接板splice plate193.缀条lacing bar194.缀板stay plate；tie plate195.侧向水平联结系lateral bracing 196.横联sway bracing197.制动撑架braking bracing198.桥门架portal frame199.纵梁stringer200.横梁floor beam；transverse beam 201.桥面系floor system202.端横梁end floor beam203.起重横梁jacking floor beam204.梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 205.应变时效strain ageing206.碳当量carbon equivalent207.钢丝steel wire208.钢丝束bundled steel wires209.钢绞线steel strand210.钢筋reinforcement；steel bar211.箍筋stirrup212.纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement213.弯起钢筋bent-up bar214.架立钢筋erection bar215.构造钢筋constructional reinforcement216.预应力筋tendon217.套管sheath218.梁腋haunch219.拱圈arch ring220.拱肋arch rib221.拱顶rach crown222.拱矢rise of arch223.起拱点springing224.拱腹soffit225.拱腹线intrados226.拱背钱extrados227.桥塔bridge tower；pylon228.索平面cable plane229.缆索cable230.斜缆stay cable；inclined cable231.吊缆suspension cable232.索鞍cable saddle233.索夹cable band；cable clamp234.锚座socket235.锚碇anchorage236.明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 237.桥梁道碴槽ballast trough238.道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor239.桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge240.桥梁护木guard timber of bridge241.桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper242.桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge243.步行板foot plank244.避车台refuge platform245.伸缩缝expansion joint246.正交异性板orthotropic plate247.栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing248.泻水孔drainage opening249.直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders 250.抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector251.支座bearing252.固定支座fixed bearing253.活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing 254.平板支座plate bearing255.摇轴芝座rocker bearing256.滚轴支座roller bearing257.球面支座spherical bearing258.板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing259.盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing260.聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing261.涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation262.弛振galloping263.颤振flutter264.扰流板spoiler265.风嘴wind fairing266.桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge267.浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating268.架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment269.顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching270.拖拉架设法launching method271.赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding272.悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion273.悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork274.悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete275.预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members276.活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller 277.桥梁合龙closure278.就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method279.活动吊篮travelling cradle280.顶进法jack-in method281.旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method282.液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack283.桥梁下部结构substructure284.桥台abutment285.重力式桥台gravity abutment286.埋置式桥台buried abutment287.锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutment288.U形桥台U-shaped abutment289.耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall290.台身abutment body291.前墙front wall292.台帽abutment coping293.翼墙wing wall294.锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking 295.台后填方filling behind abutment296.桥墩pier297.空心桥墩hollow pier298.实体桥墩solid pier299.重力式桥墩gravity pier300.柔性桥墩flexible pier301.拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units 302.制动墩braking pier303.柱式桥墩column pier304.V形桥墩V-shaped pier305.圆端形桥墩round-ended pier306.圆形桥墩circular pier307.矩形桥墩rectangular pier308.排架式桥墩pile bent pier309.墩身pier body；pier shaft310.墩帽pier coping311.围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment312.承台bearing platform313.破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard314.地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade315.加固地基improved foundation；improved ground316.天然地基natural foundation；natural ground317.桥梁基础bridge foundation318.扩大基础spread foundation319.明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation 320.沉井基础open caisson foundation321.浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation322.沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson323.围堰cofferdam324.双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 325.预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation 326.泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson327.空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson328.沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation329.管柱基础tubular column foundation330.桩基础pile foundation331.预制桩precast pile332.就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile 333.螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile334.摩擦桩friction pile335.支承桩bearing pile336.钻孔桩bored pile337.挖孔桩dug pile338.钢桩steel pile339.钢管桩steel pipe pile340.钢板桩steel sheet pile341.板桩sheet pile342.木桩timber pile343.钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile344.砂桩sand pile345.挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile346.流砂quick sand；drift sand347.送桩pile follower348.试桩test pile349.斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile350.护筒pile casting351.重锤夯实法heavy tamping method352.灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping353.灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 354.导流建筑物regulating structure355.丁坝；挑水坝spur dike356.顺坝longitudinal dam357.河床铺砌river bed paving358.码头wharf359.排架bent360.脚手架scaffold361.悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold 362.铁路涵洞railway culvert363.涵洞孔径aperture of culvert364.管涵pipe culvert365.箱涵box culvert366.拱涵arch culvert367.盖板涵slab culvert368.无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert369.压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert370.半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert371.明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain 372.倒虹吸管inverted siphon373.潮汐河流tidal river374.淤积silting；siltation375.流冰ice drift376.铁路轮渡railway car ferries377.轮渡站ferry station378.轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge379.渡轮ferry boat380.轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip381.铁路隧道railway tunnel382.山岭隧道mountain tunnel383.越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel384.水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel385.地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel386.浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 387.深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel 388.单线隧道single track tunnel389.双线隧道double track tunnel390.多线隧道multiple track tunnel391.车站隧道station tunnel392.地铁车站subway station；metro station393.特长隧道super long tunnel394.长隧道long tunnel395.中长隧道medium tunnel396.短隧道short tunnel397.隧道群tunnel group398.地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering399.洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening400.隧道进口tunnel entrance401.隧道出口tunnel exit402.迎坡；正面坡front slope403.洞门tunnel portal404.洞门框tunnel portal frame405.端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal406.柱式洞门post tunnel portal407.翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal408.耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal409.台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal410.正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal411.斜洞门skew tunnel portal412.明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal413.衬砌lining414.拱圈arch415.边墙side wall416.仰拱invert；inverted arch417.底板floor418.整体式衬砌integral lining419.装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining420.模筑衬砌moulded lining421.洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section422.偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining423.组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining424.初期支护primary support425.二次衬砌secondary lining426.隔离层isolation layer427.喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining428.下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining429.挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining430.隔热层thermal insulation layer431.明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery432.拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery433.棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery434.路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery 半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery435.抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery436.盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery437.刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery438.悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery439.隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel440.围岩surrounding rock441.围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock442.地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure443.松弛压力relaxation pressure444.形变压力deformation pressure445.围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock446.坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel447.弹性抗力elastic resistance448.灌浆压力grouting pressure。
铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译1
铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译2007-08-08 17:17线路工程 railway line engineering铁路勘测 ;铁道勘测 railway reconnaissance铁路选线 ;铁道选线 railway route selection;railwaylocation;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察 economic investigation地质调查 geological survey;geologic survey方案比较 project comparison铁路勘探 ;铁道勘探 railway exploration铁路测量 ;铁道测量 railway survey线路测量 route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量 curve survey既有线测量 survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图 ;铁道线路图 railway map定线 location of line铁路设计 ;铁道设计 railway design线路设计 track design平面设计 plane design纵断面设计 longitudinal section design横断面设计 transverse section design曲线设计 curve design车站设计 station design站场设计 design of stations and yards标准设计 standard design线路等级 line grade铁路限界 ;铁道限界 railway clearance建筑限界 construction clearance设计规范 code of design设计标准 design standard铁路线路 ;铁道线路 railway line铁路曲线 ;铁道曲线 railway curve缓和曲线 transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve 小半径曲线 small-radius curve曲线半径 curve radius曲线超高 superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高 inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度 unbalanced acceleration竖曲线 vertical curve坡道 gradient坡度 grade;gradient;slope限制坡度 ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减 grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradientcompensation避难线 refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段 double track interpolation铁路连接线 ;铁道连接线 railway connecting line隧道内线路 line in tunnel桥头引线 bridge approach站线 siding站线长度 length of station line铁路标志 ;铁道标志 railway sign警冲标 fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线 track center line;central lines of track线间距离 ;线间距 distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验 ;线路实验 track test;road test;running test路基 subgrade铁路路基 ;路基;铁道路基 railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基 soft soil subgrade沙漠路基 desert subgrade冻土路基 permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床 subgrade bed路堤 embankment;fill高路堤 high-fill embankment路堑 cut;road cutting深路堑 deep cutting路肩 road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡 side slope护坡 revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动 subgrade slip滑坡防治 landslide preventive treatment路基排水 subgrade drainage塑料排水板 plastic drainage board路基加固 subgrade strengthening土工织物 geotextile挡土墙 ;挡墙 retaining walls锚定板 anchor plate锚杆 anchor bolt抗滑桩 antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土 reinforced earth植被 vegetation路基防护 subgrade protection防护工程 protective engineering防护林 protection forest防沙 sand proof固沙 stabilization of sand输导砂 sediment transport路侧建筑物 roadside structure排水沟 weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙 wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙 sound-proof wall防雪栅 snow fence;snow guard轨道理论 track theory轨道设计 track design轨道参数 track parameter轨距 track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽 track gauge widening轨底坡 cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学 track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度 track strength轨道阻力 track resistance道床阻力 trackbed resistance;ballast resistance扣固力 fastening force钢轨应力 rail stress轨道承载力 track bearing capacity轨道稳定性 track stability;stability of track轨道试验 ;轨道实验 track test轮轨关系 wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation轮轨动力学 wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力 wheel-rail force轮轨接触 wheel-rail contact接触应力 contact stress轨道结构 track structure轨道 track铁路轨道 ;轨道;铁道轨道 railway track;track线路上部建筑 ;轨道 track superstructure;track重型轨道 heavy track宽轨枕轨道 broad sleeper track板式轨道 slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道 monolithic roadbed track防振轨道 anti-vibration track高架轨道 elevated track无缝线路 jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track 桥上轨道结构 bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构 track structure in tunnel钢轨 steel rail重型钢轨 heavy rail长钢轨 long rail焊接长钢轨 long welded rail缩短轨 shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standard curtailed rail热处理钢轨 heat-treated rail合金钢轨 alloy steels rail旧钢轨 used rail钢轨钢 rail steel钢轨螺栓孔 rail bolt hole轨缝 rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝 rail welding seam钢轨接头 rail joint异型接头 compromise joint伸缩接头 expansion joint焊接接头 welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头 track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头 adhesive joint鱼尾板 fish plate鱼尾螺栓 fish bolt扣件 fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件 elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件 elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件 separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件 clip fastening刚性扣件 rigid fastening垫圈 ring道钉 spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉 threading spike;screw spike垫板 tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板 rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器 anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆 gauge tie rod轨下基础 underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed 轨枕 sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕 wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕 ;砼枕 concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板 ;宽轨枕 sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕 steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕 composite sleeper纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie岔枕 points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕 bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排 track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫 rubber pad under sleeper道床 track bed;ballast bed碎石道床 ballast bed整体道床 monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballastbed;monolithic concrete bed沥青道床 bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床 asbestos ballast道碴 ballast道床覆盖 ballast cover轨道附属设备 track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器 rail lubricator融雪器 snow melter复轨器 replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器 derailer车挡 bumper;bumper post道岔 switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔 single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔 double turnout三开道岔 three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout交分道岔 slip switch高速道岔 high-speed switch切线型道岔 tangent turnout道岔设计 turnout design过岔速度 switch crossing speed辙叉 frog;crossing整铸辙叉 integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉 manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉 welding frog crossing组合辙叉 combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉 movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉 movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨 switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板 slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨 stock rail翼轨 wing rail护轮轨 guard rail导曲线 curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线 curve following turnout branch line交叉 crossing渡线 track cross-over;crossover通过道岔 passing switch铁路道口 ;铁道道口 railway crossing平交道口 level crossing道口板 crossing slab道口路面 crossing road surface立体交叉 ;立交 grade separation线路施工 track construction石方工程 rock excavation土方工程 earthwork填方 filling挖方 cutting土方调拨 mass dispatching线路施工机械 track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工 track construction轨道工程 track construction轨道铺设 track laying铺碴 ballasting轨枕铺设 sleeper laying铺轨 rail-laying轨排组装 track panel assembling轨排装运 track panel loading轨排基地 track panel base钢轨焊接 rail welding钢轨热处理 rail heat treatment钢轨铺设 rail laying钢轨锁定 rail locking道岔铺设 switch laying轨道施工机械 track construction machinery铺轨列车 tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机 rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车 rail welding car焊轨机 steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine 轨排组装机 track panel assembling machine轨排运送车 track panel transport car铺枕机 sleeper-laying machine铺碴车 ballasting car铺碴机 ballasting machine铺道岔机 turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车 welding long rails transport car动力稳定车 dynamic track stabilizer线路状态 track state路基病害 subgrade defect沉降 settlement坍方落石 ;危石 collapse rock翻浆冒泥 frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水 subgrade water damming路基渗流 subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷 subgrade erosion振动液化 vibration liquifaction冻融 freezing and thawing冻胀 frost heaving冻害 freezing damage;frost heaving雪害 snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害 sand damage轨道状态 track condition轨道变形 track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺 track irregularity低接头 depression of joint三角坑 warp;twist钢轨爬行 rail creeping涨轨跑道 ;钢轨鼓曲 buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳 rail fatigue钢轨伤损 rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂 rail fracture钢轨裂纹 rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离 rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀 rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗 rail wearing波形磨耗 ;波浪磨耗 undulatory wear螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack辙叉伤损 ;辙叉损伤 frog failure木枕开裂 wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损 ;轨枕伤损 sleeper damage道床脏污 ballast contamination线路养护 track maintenance线路维修 track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修 routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修 repairing on condition;repair according to condition 巡回检查 inspection tour轨道检测机具 track detection equipment道尺 track gauge轨道检测 track detection灾害检测装置 disaster detector超声波探伤仪 ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车 rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车 ;轨检车 track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车 ;高速轨检车 high-speed track inspection car 养路作业 track maintenance operation起道 track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道 ballast filling track lifting改道 track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道 track lining捣固 tamping除草 weeding除草剂 herbicide除雪 snow clearing防冻 anti-freezing融雪 snow melt融雪剂 snow melt agent钢轨加热 rail heating钢轨打磨 rail grinding钢轨矫直 straightening of kinked rail钢轨更换 rail replace钢轨探伤 rail detecting钢轨焊补 rail repairing welding轨缝调整 rail gap adjusting应力放散 stress-relieving钢轨温度 rail temperature钢轨涂油 rail lubrication轨枕更换 sleeper replacement扣件作业 fastening operation轨枕修补 sleeper mending枕木防腐 timber sleeper treating道岔养护 switch maintenance道岔更换 switch replacement辙叉焊补 frog welding and repairing道床作业 ballast operation道碴清筛 ballast screening道碴更换 ballast replacement道床整形 ballast trimming曲线养护 curved track maintenance线路管理系统 track management system养路组织 track maintenance organization养路计划 track maintenance planning维修天窗 maintenance time维修周期 maintenance period养路安全 track maintenance safety列车接近警报器 ;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置 train approach warning device养路质量 track maintenance quality养路机械化 track maintenance machinization线路中修 intermediate repair of track起道修 ;线路中修 track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修 major repair of track线路更新 ;线路大修 track renewal;track overhauling线路修复 track restoration铁路抢修 ;铁道抢修 railway emergency maintenance养路机械 track maintenance machine起道机 track lifting machine拨道机 track lining machine起拨道机 track lifting and lining machine捣固机 tamping machine捣固车 tamping wagon道床夯拍机 ballast compactor配碴整形机 ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine道碴清筛机 ballast cleaner扒碴机 crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机 ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机 ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机 sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机 rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机 rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车 rail grinding wagon直轨器 rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机 rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine钢轨加热器 rail heater轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机 spike driver除雪机 snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车 snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机 weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机 ditcher碎冰机 ice crusher养路机具 track maintenance implements液压机具 hydraulic tool轨道车 track car上下道装置 up and down track device发电车 mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械 comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地 mechanized maintenance base工务部门 maintenance of way branch大修队 capital repair brigade工务段 engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工 track maintenance worker工务修配厂 maintenance of way shop焊轨厂 rail welding plant枕木防腐厂 timber sleeper treating plant采石场 quarry;stonepit。
2015重庆交通大学道路专业英语
路堤Embankment 路堑Cutting路肩Shoulder路缘curb;挖方Excavation 填方Fill测量人员Surveyors水力学Hydraulics土力学Soil mechanics测量学measurement水利工程irrigation works压实Compaction连续路堤Continuous embankment地形学topography稳定性Stability超车视距Passing sight distance公共交通Public transportation地面标高ground elevation隧道Tunnel 涵洞culvert挡土墙Retaining wall承载能力carrying capacity ;挖方边坡Cut slope填方边坡Fill slope环形交叉口Roundabout直角right angle急弯曲线粒料frictional集料aggregate沥青路面Asphalt pavement中级路面Intermediate pavement 普通混凝土路面Ordinary concrete pavement 重交通道路Heavy traffic road 繁重交通Heavy traffic螺旋线Helical line胀缝Expansion joint可行性研究T he feasibility study平面线形Horizontal alignment纵断面线形Vertical alignment匝道Ramp设计车速Design speed设计车辆design vehicle 曲线Curve超高superelevation土地使用land use当年轻的工程师最终开始实践，必须应用在大学所学到的理论知识。
When the young engineer has finally started actual practice , the theoretical knowledge acquired in the university must be applied.公路线形由竖曲线和平曲线组成。
土木工程专业英语词汇
挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙挡土墙排水设施挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall挡土墙垛式挡土墙挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall挡土墙基础墙foundation wall挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall板桩结构物板桩sheet pile板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile板桩结构物钢桩steel pile板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile板桩结构物拉杆tie rod板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring板桩结构物锚座Anchorage板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile板桩结构物木桩timber piles板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage基坑开挖与降水管涌piping基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts浅基础杯形基础浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation浅基础持力层bearing stratum浅基础次层（台）substratum浅基础单独基础individual footing浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation浅基础高杯口基础浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing浅基础接触压力contact pressure浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)浅基础壳体基础shell foundation浅基础扩展基础spread footing浅基础片筏基础mat foundation浅基础浅基础shallow foundation浅基础墙下条形基础浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation浅基础条形基础strip footing浅基础下卧层substratum浅基础箱形基础box foundation浅基础柱下条形基础深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile深基础承台pile caps深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile深基础低桩承台low pile cap深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula深基础端承桩end-bearing pile深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles深基础钢桩steel pile深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile深基础机挖异形灌注桩深基础静力压桩silent piling深基础抗拔桩uplift pile深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile深基础摩擦桩friction pile深基础木桩timber piles深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock深基础群桩pile groups深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 深基础深基础deep foundation深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile深基础旋转挤压灌注桩深基础桩piles深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile深基础最后贯入度final set地基处理表层压密法surface compaction地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading地基处理袋装砂井sand wick地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage地基处理顶升纠偏法地基处理定喷directional jet grouting地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile地基处理堆载预压法preloading地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method地基处理复合地基composite foundation地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting地基处理灌浆材料injection material地基处理灌浆法grouting地基处理硅化法silicification地基处理夯实桩compacting pile地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting地基处理换填法cushion地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile地基处理基础加压纠偏法地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column地基处理挤淤法displacement method地基处理加筋法reinforcement method地基处理加筋土reinforced earth地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method地基处理纠偏技术地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating地基处理锚固技术anchoring地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning地基处理排水固结法consolidation地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction地基处理人工地基artificial foundation地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure地基处理褥垫pillow地基处理软土地基soft clay ground地基处理砂井sand drain地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 地基处理砂桩sand column地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile地基处理树根桩root pile地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar地基处理掏土纠偏法地基处理天然地基natural foundation地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理土桩earth pile地基处理托换技术underpinning technique地基处理外掺剂additive地基处理旋喷jet grouting地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting地基处理预浸水法presoaking地基处理预压法preloading地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio地基处理重锤夯实法tamping地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力机器基础隔振isolation动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test室内土工试验含水量试验water content test室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test室内土工试验击实试验室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test室内土工试验密度试验density test室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis室内土工试验渗透试验permeability test室内土工试验湿化试验slaking test室内土工试验收缩试验shrinkage test室内土工试验塑限试验plastic limit test室内土工试验缩限试验shrinkage limit test室内土工试验土工模型试验geotechnical model test室内土工试验土工织物试验geotextile test室内土工试验无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test室内土工试验无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test室内土工试验压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test 室内土工试验压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test室内土工试验压密试验consolidation test室内土工试验液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method室内土工试验液限试验liquid limit test室内土工试验应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验有机质含量试验organic matter content test室内土工试验真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus室内土工试验振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test室内土工试验直剪仪direct shear apparatus室内土工试验直接剪切试验direct shear test室内土工试验直接单剪试验direct simple shear test室内土工试验自振柱试验free vibration column test室内土工试验K0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained test室内土工试验K0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test原位测试表面波试验surface wave test原位测试超声波试验ultrasonic wave test原位测试承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test原位测试单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile原位测试单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile原位测试动力触探试验dynamic penetration test原位测试静力触探试验static cone penetration test原位测试静力载荷试验plate loading test原位测试跨孔试验cross-hole test原位测试块体共振试验block resonant test原位测试螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test原位测试旁压试验pressurementer test原位测试轻便触探试验light sounding test原位测试深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement原位测试十字板剪切试验vane shear test原位测试无损检测nondestructive testing原位测试下孔法试验down-hole test原位测试现场渗透试验field permeability test原位测试原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement 原位测试原位试验in-situ soil test原位测试最后贯入度final set综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering综合类反分析法back analysis method综合类基础工程foundation engineering综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics综合类土soil, earth综合类土动力学soil dynamics综合类土力学soil mechanics综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering综合类应力路径stress path综合类应力路径法stress path method工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil工程地质及勘察层理beding工程地质及勘察长石feldspar工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察承压水confined water工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age工程地质及勘察地质图geological map工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater工程地质及勘察断层fault工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide工程地质及勘察化石fossil工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察阶地terrace工程地质及勘察节理joint工程地质及勘察解理cleavage工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock工程地质及勘察潜水ground water工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock工程地质及勘察取土器geotome工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone工程地质及勘察石英quartz工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass工程地质及勘察页岩shale工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral工程地质及勘察云母mica工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 土的分类饱和土saturated soil土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil土的分类冲填土dredger fill土的分类充重塑土土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil土的分类分散性土dispersive soil土的分类粉土silt, mo土的分类粉质粘土silty clay土的分类高岭石kaolinite土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck土的分类年粘土clay土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil土的分类区域性土zonal soil土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle土的分类砂土sand土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess土的分类素填土plain fill土的分类塑性图plasticity chart土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil土的分类岩石rock土的分类伊利土illite土的分类有机质土organic soil土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil土的分类原状土undisturbed soil土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight土的物理性质比重specific gravity土的物理性质稠度consistency土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient土的物理性质触变thixotropy土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight土的物理性质干密度dry density土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content土的物理性质活性指数土的物理性质级配gradation, grading土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil土的物理性质可塑性plasticity土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio土的物理性质孔隙率porosity土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water土的物理性质密度density土的物理性质密实度compactionness土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit土的物理性质土的构造soil texture土的物理性质土的结构soil structure土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土的物理性质土中气air in soil土的物理性质土中水water in soil土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation土的物理性质压缩性compressibility土的物理性质液限liquid limit土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index土的物理性质游离水（台）free water土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size土的物理性质有效密度effective density土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight土的物理性质重力密度unit weight土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water土的物理性质组构fabric土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law渗透性和渗流管涌piping渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient渗透性和渗流流函数flow function渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil渗透性和渗流流网flow net渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling渗透性和渗流渗流seepage渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability渗透性和渗流势函数potential function渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient地基应力和变形变形deformation地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure地基应力和变形沉降settlement地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus地基应力和变形蠕变creep地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure地基应力和变形压缩层地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结次固结secondary consolidation固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结固结consolidation固结固结度degree of consolidation固结固结理论theory of consolidation固结固结曲线consolidation curve固结固结速率rate of consolidation固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结固结压力consolidation pressure固结回弹曲线rebound curve固结井径比drain spacing ratio固结井阻well resistance固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect固结潜变（台）creep固结砂井sand drain固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method固结时间因子time factor固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure固结压密（台）consolidation固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve固结再压缩曲线recompression curve固结主固结primary consolidation固结主压密（台）primary consolidation固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction抗剪强度残余强度residual strength抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter本构模型本构模型constitutive model本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model本构模型动剪切强度本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model本构模型盖帽模型cap model本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model本构模型割线模量secant modulus本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion本构模型加工软化work softening本构模型加工硬化work hardening本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model本构模型流变学模型rheological model本构模型流动规则flow rule本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model本构模型切线模量tangent modulus本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model本构模型屈服面yield surface本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 本构模型双参数地基模型本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion本构模型塑性形变理论本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure地基承载力次层（台）substratum地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory土压力朗肯状态Rankine state土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力土压力earth pressure土压力主动土压力active earth pressure土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure。
建筑英语词汇施工现场精简版
acceptable quality 合格质量acceptance lot 验收批量aciera 钢材admixture 外加剂anchorage 锚具anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度arch 拱arch with tie rod 拉捍拱arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋backfilling plate 垫板bar splice 钢筋接头bark pocket 夹皮beam 次梁bearing plate 支承板(52)bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋(52)bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋(35)block 砌块(43)block masonry 砌块砌体(44)block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构(41)blow hole 气孔(62)board 板材(65)bolt 螺栓(54)bow 顺弯(71)breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度(46)brick masonry 砖砌体(44)brick masonry column 砖砌体柱(42)brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构(41)brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙(42)building structural materials 建筑结构材料(17)building structural unit 建筑结构单元(building structure 建筑结构(2butt connection 对接(59butt joint 对接(70)butt weld 对接焊缝(60)camber of structural member 结构构件起拱(22)cantilever beam 挑梁(42)cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽(27) carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化(30)cast-in—situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构(25) cavitation 孔洞(39)cavity wall 空斗墙(42)cement 水泥(27)cement mortar 水泥砂浆(43)clear height 净高(21)clincher 扒钉(?0)cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋(28)cold—rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋(28)column bracing 柱间支撑(7)compliance control 合格控制(23)composite mortar 混合砂浆(43)compound stirrup 复合箍筋(36)concrete 混凝土(17)concrete column 混凝土柱(26)concrete consistence 混凝土稠度(37)concrete floded—plate structure 混凝土折板结构(26)concrete foundation 混凝土基础(27)concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比(38)concrete wall 混凝土墙(27)connecting plate 连接板(52)connection 连接(21)connections of steel structure 钢结构连接(59)connections of timber structure 木结构连接(68)consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度(48)constant cross—section column 等截面柱(7)corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀(39)coupled wall 连肢墙(12)coupler 连接器(37)coupling wall—beam 连梁(12)coupling wall—column…… 墙肢(12)cover plate 盖板(52)covered electrode 焊条(54)crack 裂缝(?0)crack resistance 抗裂度(31)crack width 裂缝宽度(31)creep of concrete 混凝土徐变(30)crook 横弯(71)cross beam 井字梁(6)cup 翘弯curved support 弧形支座(51)decay 腐朽(71)degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member·结构构件垂直度(40) degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙面垂直度(49)degree of plainness for structural member 构件平整度(40)degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度(49)design of building structures 建筑结构设计(8)designations 0f steel 钢材牌号(53detailing reintorcement 构造配筋(35detailing requirements 构造要求(22dimensional errors 尺寸偏差(39)dogspike 扒钉(70)double component concrete column 双肢柱(26)down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱(8)effective depth of section 截面有效高度(33)embeded parts 预埋件(30)excessive penetration 塌陷(62)final setting time 终凝时间()fired common brick 烧结普通砖(43)fissure 裂缝(?0)floor plate 楼板(6)floor system 楼盖(6)four sides(edges)supported plate 四边支承板(12) frame structure 框架结构(2)frame tube structure 单框筒结构(3)frame tube structure 框架—简体结构(2)frame with sidesway 有侧移框架(12)frame without sidesway 无侧移框架(12)frange plate 翼缘板(52)full degree of mortar at bed joint 砂浆饱满度(48) gang nail plate joint 钉板连接()glued laminated timber 层板胶合木(¨)grider 主梁((㈠grip 夹具grith weld 环形焊缝(6÷))groove 坡口gusset plate 节点板(52)hanger 吊环hanging steel bar 吊筋hollow brick 空心砖(43)honeycomb 蜂窝(39)hook 弯钩(37)hoop 箍筋(36)inclined stirrup 斜向箍筋(36)一. 综合类2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土unloading卸载reloading再加载shear modulus剪切模量二. 土的分类ndslides滑坡8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂17.clay粘土24.fill (soil)填土18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形32.subgrade路基六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台20.pile groups群桩24.final set最后贯入度27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置35.pile cushion桩垫40.pile rig打桩机十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
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在长期的模型试验和数值分析机械性能的阶梯汪承志,栾茂田,朱泽奇天津大学和施普林格出版社，柏林海德堡2011摘要：对模型试验和数值分析阶梯式加筋土挡墙进行调查和回填土的土工格栅流变和蠕变对结构长期性能的影响。
土工格栅的紧张，土压力，墙体变形和地基模型的构建都是加载过程中测得的压力。
粘弹塑性模型和实证的非线性粘弹模型是模拟利用应力和变形的土工格栅增强土墙华尔在长期的负载。
通过对比试验数据和数值模拟结果表明，基底压力分布是非线性的，与土工格栅的侧向约束充填体可引起的基底压力分布。
土压力曲线是外凸的每一步，最初，它是接近于垂直壁的情况下的分布随后。
土工格栅的变化趋势在不同的高度变化了。
此外，在挡土墙表面提出了失效机理和开发潜在滑动模式。
关键词：模型试验；土工格栅增强保留墙；步进法；有限元；粘弹塑性模型一个或两个阶段竖向加筋挡土墙是在传统的边坡广泛采用工程。
近年来，科学家已经注意到该立式多级加筋土挡土墙工程的实践中，由于自身的优点，如统一应力分布，容易控制变形和对环境友好的。
然而，目前的工业标准却不采取长期性能立式多级墙。
事实上，这加筋土填充和流变性能加筋材料的蠕变行为对墙相当大的长期性能的影响。
许多学者采用有限元方法（FEM）研究加筋挡土墙。
在本文中，试用模的室内模型试验作为的现场试验的补充。
对长期力学性能进行了分析。
Drucker-Prager的蠕变模型应用于模拟流变行为的填充和地基土，当非线性粘弹模型基于蠕变试验是应用到模拟钢铁带复合塑性土工格栅。
此外，在土工格栅的相互作用，对填料和面板进行了分析。
1材料模型和有限元分析1.1耦合蠕变形成和可塑性蠕变地层塑性耦合应考虑蠕变时间和加载率是相同的。
硬化过程土壤的定义如下：其中ε和ζ是等效蠕变应变率和等效蠕变应力，；t 是时间， G，M和n是经验参数。
蠕变模型可以用等价隐式积分的形式表示：Druker-Prager屈服准则是描述土的塑性如下：并且，q=和φ，C和K分别是内部摩角，材料的凝聚力，和三轴张力之比压缩屈服强度。
双曲线的塑性流动变量的函数是相同的塑性应变率来模拟土壤蠕变率，如下：ψ是面内剪胀压力条件；ζ是初始屈服应力；和∈是偏率。
如果关联流动法则，则用：1.2土工格栅的蠕变模型在考虑这一强化材料高强度复合纸是塑性钢铁土工格栅的极限强度（Tu = 120千牛/米，断裂伸长δ≤8%）。
在δ≤2%的情况下，Tu至少4万牛/米。
土工格栅单元如图1所示。
图2和图3显示的蠕变曲线分别在四种不同的长期的土工格栅曲线载荷。
对土工格栅用维粘弹性模型的应用。
工格栅将如果拉伸应变断裂会在以上因此粘弹性拟合分布在这种情况下不考虑。
蠕变试验的样品工格栅用280 mm ×600 mm和40mm宽条采用参考文献[ 10 ]的方法。
在本文中的蠕变，参考文献[ 10 ]导致类似的蠕变试验曲线，这表明开口大小不影响其长期结果。
根据测试结果，非线性粘弹性本构关系如下：其中T是在单位宽度的土工格栅的抗拔力；E，b和t是土工格栅材料相关参数。
此外，弹性模量E（t）如下：A是单位宽度的面积，据对测试结果，b＝0.768，A＝0.14×0.0022m，t ＝122，E ＝207.53 kN/m1.3单元和接触模型桁架单元采用0.002米宽和0.14米厚的工格栅。
高强度预制混凝土板是用于蠕变变形，这是忽略不计的。
平面应变单元和Drucker-Prager塑性蠕变平面应变单元适用于面板和地面。
钢条和面板是刚性连接。
库仑摩擦连接系统是接触模型之间在面板和土壤的接口，是0.65的摩擦系数。
考虑到更大的孔径尺寸，刚性连接，和均匀级配砾石和粘土填充，土工格栅的界面被假定能结合在一起。
2模型试验和数值分析2.1模型试验试验是在模型槽进行。
固定墙高4.5米，它是由3层1.5m构成，面板厚度为0.2米。
条带宽度0.25m和长度4米。
填充的粘土和碎石混合料，如表1所示。
填充材cm最大干密度和8.8%最佳含水量。
手动捣料的细节都列在选项卡2，用2.10克/3固机用于碾压。
强夯区是达20厘米远的平面。
土壤的时候夯实，木条被用来维护平面防止脱落或造成过量位移。
估计表明，填充物是厚度30厘米和压实15厘米。
振弦式土压力传感器被用来测量横向和垂直土压力，等效试验法杆的张力。
土工格栅进行测试，取而代之的是相同强度的钢条。
应变箔附加钢筋，与应变片测量直接反映杆张力。
同时，影响不同的材料被淘汰。
挡土墙的持续建设期9天.没有负载施加在前7天内完成，随后，12kN/2m负荷用于顶端。
根据图4，九分两段（L段和R段）的测定来完成这个实验。
仿真曲线如图5所示。
每一天添加的0.5米厚的层填料。
后面每一层完成后，荷载增量转化为等效节点力，模型采用等参元离散的方法。
填充墙宽度是5米和基础深度为7.5米的，础宽度前面板是10米，两侧面和底部填充被认为是固定的。
参数有限元分析列于表3。
共有12个计算步骤。
从第一步到九步，施工工艺建模，然后7×24 h蠕变完成后进行施工时进行第十步，和12 kPa荷载施加在第十一步。
44×24 h蠕变行为12 kPa在墙顶下进行第十二步。
2.2土压力分布钢筋材料为了分析张力特性面板和加强件之间的连接和布，压力位于10厘米远板，如图6所示。
数值计算结果与试验数据吻合得很好。
在初始阶段，侧向土压力阶梯式挡土墙面板后面是凸的，随着侧压力系数接近朗肯土压力系数。
然后它变成一个外凸的分布相同的垂直，随着侧压力系数的多低于朗肯土压力系数。
测试数值模拟结果表明，在墙的土压力高很多，但它又明显下降。
在墙侧土压力的1/3高度，为7 kPa。
这一发现是面板和加强件之间的连接设计的重要。
侧向土压力沿垂直方向钢筋的背面如图7所示。
在建设过程中，在初始阶段，横向钢筋的上面两步土压力约为朗肯主动土压力值，然后逐渐接近静止土压力。
然而，底层减小侧向土压力逐渐显示出巨大的差异，这一现象是相反的。
单步水平土压力的分布模式挡土墙，这是所造成的上壁。
根据Boussinesq假设在底壁的作用基于均匀的，连续的和各向同性的半无限弹性体与刚性墙，这个假设适用于案件中，只适用于小负载对多级墙的顶部。
如果大负荷的情况下，通过使用这种方法的结果会偏离实际数据。
2.3地基应力无论是试验结果和数值模拟结果表明这地基应力是非线性的，如图8所示。
地基应力从面板开始下降室内，在约0.5米达到最小。
增加在约2.5米的最大值，并随后保持不变。
初始最大基础力等于一个4.5米土体的竖向应力高度。
15%地基应力逐渐减小，并随后保持稳定。
随着时间减少，基础压力略有增加。
图6显示侧中墙的土压力增大而的下壁体侧向土压力保持不变经过5天的15 kPa荷载。
后来，侧向土压力中墙的增加，而底壁保持不变。
地基应力重分布可以通过横向变形约束的解释土工格栅与填料。
测试垂直土壤比压力理论值随距离的增加。
进一步的分析表明，地基应力是土工格栅夹层空间相关。
当夹层15厘米到50厘米之间的土工格栅落空间，可以发现很明显一个破碎的在地基应力分布线。
2.4拉伸力增强钢筋的张力分布显示在图9中。
试验和数值计算表明最大拉力发生在该地区的约1.5米远远落后于面板，和张力迅速降低，然后到最低，随后保持恒定。
两上步骤最大拉力发生在区约1.5米远的面板，然后拉保持稳定，只有在钢筋端部逐渐减小。
厚度较小的填料，不明显的下降趋势。
特别是，第一顶加固层具有几乎相同的张力第二个。
张力及其分布同意与那些在土工格栅加筋地基。
因此，应考虑墙体沉降要计算钢筋的张力。
进一步的分析表明，钢筋的张力随时间逐渐降低，但这两上面的步骤减小后保持不变。
侧土压力的计算目前钢条张力，不考虑沉降的影响加固蠕变。
蠕变变形和结算容易提高连接强度上部钢筋与面板之间。
如图10所示。
两个失败的例子表明，，挡土墙的顶部面板易脱落后。
几年来，墙底部通常是在好的条件。
最大强度的分布曲线土工格栅在垂直方向如图11所示。
两筋带拉力和侧压力小的两端在中间的大。
顶部和中部的张力土工格栅随时间稳定，底部的急剧下降，这与地基应力分布类似。
2.5潜在破坏面根据每个格栅最大张力和位置，潜在破坏面阶梯挡墙可以得到，如图12所示。
最初的潜在破坏面阶梯式钢筋结构近似为对数螺旋，对强化内部基础底部同时保持不变，与上标准化“0.3H”规则。
然后表面消失，和张力均匀升高，只有在两端例外。
图10也可以验证整个钢筋不会崩溃。
2.6墙体变形测得的壁的变形如图13所示。
每一步的变形分布是凸的，并在整个分布也凸。
侧向变形挡土墙的面板明显增加，在灌装过程中保持基本稳定后填充。
然而，只要内部壁应力重新分布，将侧向变形急剧下降，最终保持持续增长。
大变形并不意味着加筋挡墙会倒塌，这与文献[ 15 ]同意。
3结论（1）在面板和钢筋连接的张力在土墙1/3高度比较大，通过现场试验符合观察到的失效模式。
侧向土压力的分布规律阶梯式挡土墙面板后面了外凸曲线的每一步，然后发展到整个墙。
在钢筋端部的侧向土压力与朗肯主动土压力在建设和运行初期，而静止土压力最后。
基础压力加筋土挡墙是非线性的，并在操作的初始阶段增加了，并在以后阶段减少。
（2）在相应的位置,不同的高度钢筋张力分布是不同的。
最大的不是面板的交界处，每层加固。
底筋的张力随着时间的推移逐渐减少，而随着上面的两个步骤的增加，并最终保持不变。
结果表明，采用适当的负载可以充分发挥回填和加固之间的张力。
土工格栅拉力小两头大沿墙，并在顶部和中间层的张力增加而在底层的张力明显降低。
（3）钢筋结构的潜在破坏面在初始阶段接近对数螺旋。
通过标准化的“0.3H”规则[ 2 ]相比，失败表面强化中走向在底部结构，并保持相同的上侧。
然后，破坏表面张力消失，在同一层土工格栅变大和值几乎相同，除了在前面和后端变小。
它相当于一个普通加筋土挡墙在一个较长的故障模式，服务期内唯一的失败就是板和墙的局部坍塌。