中考英语语法专题—— 系动词和情态动词

3.will和would的用法 (1)will表示“意志”，“意愿”，用于各人称。 We will help her if she asks to us. 如果她问我们，我们就愿意帮助她。 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? 当你看见他时，给他稍个信好吗？
系动词（即连系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的 状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或
相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是 什么或怎么样。
实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词，可单独做谓语，主要说
明主语的行为或者动作。
系动词？
• 连系动词（即系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状 态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当 于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么 样。
6.need的用法 (1)need作情态动词时,表示“需要”,主要用于否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式为needn’t,表示 “没有必要,不必”。 (2)回答need提问的答语 ①肯定回答:Yes,…must. ②否定回答:No,…needn’t. —Need we do some cleaning now?我们需要现在大扫除吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你们必须。 —No, you needn’t. 不,你们不必。 (3)need 还可作实义动词,常用于“need to do sth.”结构。 I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多知识。
D. passed
2. The traffic lights_____ green and I pulled away.
A. came B.grew
C. got
D. went
3.I am afraid the weather will ____ hot for a few days.
st B.be lasted C.stay D.be stayed
strong, tall, thick, healthy etc.
come get/ become
get lost ,get ill
fall
表事物的发展转向好的状态 常用来指人或物的状态的变化
表由动态到静态的转变
all right, true, alive etc. become 接名词时,名词前接冠词 He has become an excellent actor.
remain
His brother has become an engineer while he remains a worker.
+ N.
The weather still remained cold in April.
+ Adj.
When I returned, she remained sitting there.
ill, sick, silent, asleep etc.
表达“到达或超过(某一年龄或时间)”, 用turn 不用become
Eg. My son turns 3 in August. It’s turned midnight.
turn +单数名词 become a/an + 单数名词
成为一名…
6. He remained ______ though we repeatly asked him to sit down.
A. stand B. to stand C. stood
D. standing
7.The true author of the book remains _____.
A.know B. to know C. unknown D. knowing
语法专题（九） 系动词和情态动词
【中考考点】 (1)系动词be, look, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法。 (2)情态动词can, must, need, may等的基本用法及辨析。
考点一 系动词
系动词不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,称作“系表结构”,说明主 语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
• She looks much younger in her red dress. • The population growth in China remains a problem. • The book lay open on the desk. • I thought it was a pig, but it proves a cat. • He has become an excellent actor. • He has turned excellent actor.
remain
+to do
remain + n.
remain + adj.
remain + v-ed / ing remain + prep. phrase remain + to do sth.
考点二 情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”、“应当”、“必 要”等含义,但其本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语,必须和动词原形连用。情态动 词没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not (have to除外)。 情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有can (could), may(might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
4.He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became ____.
A. a teacer；a doctor
5.The dog ___ lost yesterday.
A.got B.became C.turned D.fall
用法
习惯搭配
多指朝坏的方面变化,也常与表颜色的词连用 wrong, bad, mad, hungry, blind etc.
turn grow
表 “颜色,气味,天气,职业,年龄,时间”等 表成长,发展中的变化
1特殊用法,可接年龄和时间 2 接单数名词时,单数名词前不接冠词 He has turned excellent actor.
5.must的用法 (1)must 意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为必须做某事,命令、要求别人做某事以及对某事的肯定推测。 [注意] must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。 I must do my homework first.我必须先做家庭作业。 It is raining hard outside; I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大,我不得不待在家里。 (2)回答must提问的答语 ①肯定回答:Yes,…must. —Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须现在回家。 ②否定回答:No,…needn’t./No,…don’t/doesn’t have to. —Must I go home now? 我必须现在回家吗? —No, you needn’t/don’t have to . 不,你不必。
情态动词：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,
表示“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等含义,但其本身词义不完 全,不能独立作谓语,必须和动词原形连用。
注意：1.情态动词后加动词原形. 2.情态动词没有人称和数的
变化。 3.其否定形式一般是在情态
动词后加not (have to除外)
• 1. can/could • 2. may/might • 3. will/would • 4. shall/should • 5. must/ have to • 6. need/dare(敢)
2.may和might的用法 (1)表示请求时,might比may语气更为委婉。 —Might/May I come in? 我可以进来吗? —Yes, of course you may.当然可以。 (2)回答may提问的答语 ①肯定回答:Yes,…may. ②否定回答:No,…mustn’t/can’t. (3)表示没有把握的推测时,might表示的可能性比may小。 The child may get home already. 那个孩子可能已经到家了。 She might win the prize. 她有可能得奖。 (4)may放在句首,表示祝愿。 May you be happy.祝你开心。
2)should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事， 而shouldn’t have done表示过去不应该做而实际上已经做了的事。 It’s eleven o’clock. He should have arrived here by now. You shouldn’t have told anyone about that. 你本不该告诉任何人关于那事。
I would like to go with you tonight.
4.shall和should的用法 1)shall 用于第一人称的句子中,表示提建议或请求; should用于各种人称的句子中,强调义务或责任。
Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?(建议) You should study hard at school.你(们)在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)
1.can和could的用法 (1)can表示能力,意为“能,会”。还可表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句或疑问句中,也可表示可能性。 could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力。 Anybody can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。 He can’t be Tom. 他不可能是汤姆。 She could swim when she was seven years old. 她七岁时就会游泳。 2)could也可用于现在时,表示委婉地提出请求、建议等,回答时用can。 —Could you show me the way to the hospital? 你能告诉我去医院的路吗? —Of course I can.当然可以。 (3)回答can提问的答语 ①肯定回答:Yes, …can.②否定回答:No,…can’t. [注意] be able to也表示“能”,可用于各种时态。 他下周会去那里。 He will________________ go there next week.
类别 表示状态的系动词
感官系动词 表示持续性的系动词 表示状态变化的系动词
例词 be look, feel, sound, smell, taste keep, remain, stay, lie become, get, turn, go, grow
It is an apple.
It eats an apple.
Eg. He has become an excellent actor. = He has turned excellent actor.
1. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ____ twenty-one already!
A.become
B.turned
C.grown
+V-ing
He left and much work remained undone.
+ V-ed
His family remained at home while he looked for work in London. + V.phrases
Nothing remains to be said.
(2)would 可以看作 will 的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示过去的意愿; I promised you that I would do my best to help you. 我保证过我将尽力帮助你。 would也可用于征求意见或提出请求,此时的would并不表示过去,而是为了使语气更委婉。 —Would you like some apples? —Yes, I’d like to.
1.表状态
2.表感官
系
动
词
3.表持续
4.表变化
5个be动词：am，is，are，was，were 5个感官动词：look, feel, sound, smell, taste
持续：keep, remain, stay, lie 变化：go, grow,become, get, turn
状态变化系动词 go