01-Mechanics of Vibration
试验力学单词
《实验力学》英语单词振动vibration, oscillation, 机械振动mechanical vibration,稳定性stability, 简谐振动simple harmonic vibration,振幅amplitude, 固有频率natural frequency,角频率angular frequency, 相角phase angle,相差phase difference, 周期性periodicity,阻尼damping, 响应response,传递函数transfer function, 驱动力driving force,共振resonance, 振动摸态mode of vibration,自由度degree of freedom, 模态分析modal analysis,固有振型natural mode of vibration, 频谱frequency spectrum,机械阻抗mechanical impedance, 随机振动random vibration拉伸tension, 压缩compression,弯曲bending, 剪切shear,扭转torsion, 冲击impact,疲劳fatigue, 应力stress,应变strain, 载荷load,模量modulus, 泊松比Poisson ratio,柔度compliance, 韧性toughness,延性ductility, 脆性brittleness,延伸率specific elongation, 布氏硬度Brinell hardness,维氏硬度Vickers hardness, 洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness,颈缩necking, 破裂rupture,破坏fracture, failure, 蠕变creep,应变能strain energy, 桡度deflection,扭曲twist, 屈曲buckling,位移displacement, 刚度stiffness,柔度flexibility, 圣维南原理Saint-Venant plinciple,裂纹crack, 缺陷defect,损伤damage实验应力分析experimental stress analysis, 实验力学experimental mechanics, 背景background, 量纲dimension,单位unit, 相似similitude,相似变换sililar transformation, 量纲分析dimensional analysis,相似方程homogeneous equation, 统计学statistics,电阻应变计resistence strain gage, 工作片active gage,补偿片compensating gage, 温度补偿temperature compensating,应变花strain rosette, 应变灵敏度strain sensitivity,横向效应transverse gage factor, 箔式应变计foiled gage,丝式应变计wire gage, 粘贴应变计bonded strain gage,引伸计extensometer, 桥平衡bridge balancing,集电环slip ring, 应变放大器strain amplifier,光弹性photoelasticity, 双折射效应birefrigent effect,亮条纹light fringe, 暗条纹dark fringe,干涉条纹interference fringe,偏振Polaroid,四分之一波片quarter wave plate, 等差线isochromatic,等倾线isoclinic, 等和线isopachic,应力光学定律stress—optic law, 主应力迹线isostatic,光程差optical path difference, 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating method, 动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity, 起偏镜polarizer,应变条纹值strain fringe value, 透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope,全息照相holograph, 全息干涉法holographic interferometry,散斑speckle, 全场分析法whole-field analysis,云纹法moiré method,参考栅reference grating,试件栅specimen grating, 分析栅analyzer grating,离面云纹法off-plane moiré method, 面内云纹法in-plane moiré method。
常见大学课程名称翻译
常用大学课程中英文对照大学课程中英文对照大聚集英文字母开头的课程ALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC & FORTRAN 语言BASIC Language & FORTRAN LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageC++程序设计C++ Program DesigningCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCET-4 College English Test (Band 4)CET-6 College English Test (Band 6)COBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言科学计算方法Scientific putation Method in CC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计Course Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN 77 语言FORTRAN 77 LanguageFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageFoxBase程序设计FoxBase ProgrammingHopf代数Hopf AlgebraHopf代数与代数群量子群Hopf Algebra , Algebraic Group and Qua ntum GroupIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microputer IBM-PCIBM汇编及高级语言的接口IBM Assembly & its Interfaces with Advanced Programming Languages Internet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet TechnologyLSI设计根底Basic of LSI DesigningOS/2操作系统OS/2 Operation SystemPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALPASCAL语言PASCAL LanguagePC机原理Principle of PCUnix编程环境Unix Programming EnvironmentUnix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix SystemVLSI的EDA技术EDA Techniques for VLSIVLSI技术与检测方法VLSI Techniques & Its ExaminationVLSI设计根底Basis of VLSI DesignWindows系统Windows Operation SystemX光分析X-ray AnalysisX射线金属学X-Ray & MetallographyX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly LanguagesB开头的课程板壳非线性力学Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell板壳理论Plate Theory , Theory of Plate and Shell板壳力学Plate Mechanics办公自动化Office Automatization办公自动化系统毕业设计Office Automatization Thesis办公自动化系统设计Office Automatization Design半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semi-conductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device半导体器件课程设计Course Design of Semiconductor Devices半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semi-conduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor半群理论Semi-group Theory保健食品监视评价Evaluation and Supervision on Health Food s保险学Insurance保险学Insurance报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报刊选读Selected Readings of Newspaper & Magazine报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业论文Graduation Thesis毕业设计Graduation Thesis毕业实习Graduation Practice编译方法pilation Method编译方法Methods of piling编译技术Technique of piling编译原理Fundamentals of piling, Principles of piler编译原理课程设计Course Design of piling变电站的微机检测puter Testing in Transformer Substation变电站的微机检测与控制puter Testing & Control in Transformer Substation变分法与X量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & NeoRo 外表活性剂化学及应用Chemistry and Application of Surfactant外表活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行处理Parallel Processing并行处理与并行程序设计Parallel Processing and Parallel Programming并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Spectroscopy, Wave Spectrum波谱学实验Spectroscopic Experiment薄膜光学Film Optics薄膜物理Thin Film Physics不育症的病因学Etiology of InfertilityC开头的课程材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料化学Material Chemistry材料力学Mechanics of Materials财税法规与税务会计Laws and Regulations of Finance and Taxes财务案例分析Case Analysis of Finance Management财务案例分析Case Analysis of Financial Management财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement财务本钱管理Financial Cost Management财务管理Financial Management, Financial Cost Management财务管理与分析Financial Management and Analysis财务会计Financial Accountancy财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与税收Finance & Revenue财政与税收理论Theories on Public Finance and Tax Revenue财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System (DOS)操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统与编译原理Disk Operating System & Fundamentals of piling操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System, Principles of Operating System 测量技术根底Foundation of Measurement Technology测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement策略管理Strategic Management产品学Production产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织Industrial Organization产业组织学Industrial Organization Technology常微分方程Ordinary Differential Equations场论Field Theory超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超高真空科学与技术Science and Technology of Ultrahigh Vacuum 60超精细加工和微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing超声及应用Supersonics Application本钱会计Cost Accounting成像原理与技术Principles & Technique of Imaging成组技术Grouping Technique城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology程控数字交换Program Controlling of Digital Exchange程序设计Program Designing程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming, Methods of Programming程序设计及算法语言Program Designing & Algorithmic Language程序设计语言Programming Language齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal Forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra初等数学Primary Mathematics传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感技术Sensor Technique传感技术及应用Sensor Technique & Application传感器及应用Sensors & Application传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer船舶操纵Ship Controlling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System 船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechanic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶构造Ship Structure船舶构造力学Structural Mechanics for Ships船舶构造与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与构造设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propelling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶摇摆与操纵Ship Swaying & Manipulating船舶振动Ship Vibration船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体构造Ship Structure船体构造图Ship Structure Graphing船体构造与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration船体制图Ship Graphing船用电器设备Marine Electrical Equipment创造心理学Creativity Psychology词汇学Lexicology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment 磁记录Magnetographic磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application催化原理Principles of CatalysisD开头的课程大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋构造Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大型数据库原理与高级开发技术Principles of Large-Scale Data-Bas e and Advanced Development Technology 大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学生心理学Psychology Introduction大学物理College Physics大学物理实验Experiment of College Physics大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese群众传播学Mass Media代数几何Algebraic Geometry代数几何Algebraic Geometry代数曲面Algebraic Surfaces代数图论Algebraic Graph Theory代数拓扑Algebraic Topology代数学Algebra代用燃料Substitute Fuel代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机与接口技术Mono-Chip puters & Interface Technique单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip puters单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip puters & Applications弹塑性力学Elastic-Plastic Mechanics弹性波Elastic Waves弹性力学Elastic Mechanics, Theory of Elastic Mechanics弹性元件的理论及设计Theory and Design of Elastic Element蛋白质构造根底Principle of Protein Structure蛋白质生物化学技术Biochemical Technology of Protein当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films当代资本主义经济Contemporary Capitalist Economy党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics德育Moral Education等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温测试技术Cryo Testing Technique低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温生物学原理与应用Principle & Application of Cryobiology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温原理与设备Cryo Fundamentals & Equipment低温制冷机Cryo Refrigerator低温中的微机应用Application of Microputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地基根底课程设计Course Design of Groundsill Basis地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II典型计算机分析Classical puter Analysis电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统puter Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology 电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field puters电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工材料Electrical Materials电工测量技术根底Measurement Technology of Electrical Engineering电工测试技术根底Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术根底Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工根底Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工根底理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工根底实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术根底Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验Experiment of Electrical Engineering电工实验技术根底Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机Motor电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor &电机电磁场的数值计算Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields 电机电磁场理论Theory of Electrical Moto & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机矩阵分析法Analysis of Electrical Motor Matrix电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机统一理论Theory of Electrical Motor Integration电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力企业管理Management of Electrical Enterprise电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动Electric Traction电力拖动根底Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力拖动与电气控制Electrical Towage & Electrical Control电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System 电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System Analysis电力系统规划Power System Planning电力系统过电压Hyper-Voltage of Power Systems电力系统继电保护原理Power System Relay Protection电力系统经济分析Economical Analysis of Power Systems电力系统经济运行Economical Operation of Power Systems电力系统可靠性Power System Reliability电力系统可靠性分析Power System Reliability Analysis电力系统课程设计Course Design of Power Systems电力系统无功补偿及应用Non-Work pensation in Power Systems & Applicati 电力系统谐波Harmonious Waves in Power Systems电力系统优化设计Optimal Designing of Power Systems电力系统远动Operation of Electric Systems电力系统远动技术Operation Technique of Electric Systems电力系统运行Operation of Electric Systems电力系统自动化Automation of Electric Systems电力系统自动装置Power System Automation Equipment电力系统最优规划Optimal Planning in Power System电力装置课程设计Course Design of Power Equipment电力装置与系统Power Equipment & System电路测量与实验Circuit Measurement & Experiment电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术根底Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术及实验Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments电路分析根底Basis of Circuit Analysis电路分析根底实验Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路分析实验Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路和电子技术Circuit and Electronic Technique电路根本理论Basis Theory of Circuitry电路及电子线路CAD Circuitry CAD电路理论Theory of Circuit电路理论根底Fundamental Theory of Circuit电路理论实验Experiments in Theory of Circuct电路设计与测试技术Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology电气测量技术Electrical Measurement Technology电气传动Electrified Transmission电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电器设计Electrical Appliances Designing电器学Electrical Appliances电器与控制Electrical Appliances & Control电生理技术根底Basics of Electricphysiological Technology电视传感器图象显示Television Sensor Graphic Display电视接收技术Television Reception Technology电视节目Television Programs电视节目制作Television Program Designing电视新技术New Television Technology电视新闻Television News电视原理Principles of Television电网调度自动化Automation of Electric Network Management电学实验Electrical Experiment电影艺术Art of Film Making电站微机检测控制puterized Measurement & Control of Power Statio电子材料与元件测试技术Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件测量Electronic Material and Element Measurement电子测量与实验技术Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment电子测试Electronic Testing电子测试技术Electronic Testing Technology电子测试技术与实验Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子测试实验Electronic Testing Experiment电子测试与实验技术Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子机械运动控制技术Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control电子技术Technology of Electronics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion Measurement 电子技术根底Basic Electronic Technology电子技术根底与实验Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子技术综合性设计实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子商务Electronic merce电子系统的ASIC技术ASIC Design Technologies电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路的计算机辅助设计puter Associate Design of Electronic Circuit电子线路课程设计Course Design of Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology电子线路设计与测试实验Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Experiment电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子学Electronics电子学课程设计Course Design of Electronics电子照相技术Electronic Photographing Technology雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节原理Principles of Regulation调节装置Regulation Equipment动力机械CAD Dynamical Machine CAD动力学Dynamics动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号Dynamic Signal动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus动物病害学根底Basis of Animal Disease动物免疫学Animal Immunology动物生理与分子生物学Animal Physiology and Molecular Biochemistry动物学Zoology动物遗传工程Animal Genetic Engineering毒理遗传学Toxicological Genetics断裂力学Fracture Mechanics断裂疲劳力学Fatigue Fracture Mechanics锻压测试技术Forging Testing Technique锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology锻造加热设备Forging Heat Equipment对外贸易保险International Trade Insurance对外贸易地理International Marketing Geography对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade对外贸易运输International Trade Transportation多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多复变函数Analytic Functions of Several plex Variables多媒体计算机技术Multimedia puter Technology多媒体技术Multimedia Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multivariable StatisticsF开头的课程发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气局部Electric Elements of Power Plants发电厂电气局部与动力局部Electric Elements & Dynamics of Power Plants发电厂电气局部与热力设备Electric Elements & Thermodynamics Equipment of Power Plants 发电厂计算机控制puter Control in Power Plant发酵工程Zymolysis Engineering发育生物学原理与实验技术Principle and Experimental Technology of Development开展经济学Evolutive Economics法理学Nomology法律根底Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学根底Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation反不正当经济法Anti-malfeasance Economic Law泛读Extensive Reading泛函分析Functional Analysis泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction房屋建筑学课程设计Course Design of House Architecture仿真与辅助设计Simulation & puter Aided Design放射生物学Radiation Biology放射学Radiology非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性方程组的数值解法Numerical Methods for No-linear System s of Equations非线性光学Nonlinear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性控制理论Non-Linear Control Theory非线性双曲型守恒律解的存在性The Existence of Solutions for Non -linear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws 非线性物理导论Introduction to Nonlinear Physics非线性振荡Non-Linear Oscillation非线性振动Nonlinear Vibration废水处理工程Technology of Wastewater Treatment废水处理与回用Sewage Disposal and Re-use沸腾燃烧Boiling bustion分布式计算机系统Distributed puter System / Distributed System分布式系统与分布式处理Distributed Systems and Distributed Processing别离科学Separation Science分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytic Mechanics分析生物化学Analytical Biochemistry分析生物化学Analytical Biochemistry分子病毒学Molecular Virology分子进化工程Engineering of Molecular Evolution分子生物学Molecular Biology分子生物学技术Protocols in Molecular Biology分子遗传学Molecular Genetics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation, Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variant Movement Theory & Design of Fans 风能利用Wind Power Utilization风险投资分析Analysis of Risk Investment效劳业营销Service Industry Marketing辅助机械Aided Machine腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数plex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of plex Variables & Integral Transformation 复合材料构造力学Structural Mechanics of posite Material复合材料力学pound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier OpticsG开头的课程概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process概率与统计Probability & Statistics钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢构造Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石构造Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼构造Reinforced Concrete Structure钢砼构造与砌体构造Reinforces Structure and Monsary Structure钢砼课程设计Reinforced Concrete Course Design钢砼设计Experiment of Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑根底Tall Building Foundation高层建筑根底设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑构造设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等发光分析Advanced Luminescence Analysis高等分析化学Advanced Analytical Chemistry高等工程力学Advanced Engineering Mechanics高等光学Advanced Optics高等环境微生物Advanced Environmental Microorganism高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等量子力学Advanced Quantum Mechanics高等生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高等数理方法Advanced Mathematical Method高等数学Advanced Mathematics高等数值分析Advanced Numeric Analysis高等土力学Advanced Soil Mechanics高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry高电压测试技术High-Voltage Test Technology高电压技术High-Voltage Technology高电压技术与设备High-Voltage Technology and Device高电压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高电压实验High-Voltage Experiment高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子化学与物理Polymeric Chemistry and Physics高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级程序设计语言的设计与实现Advanced Programming Language's Design & Implementation 高级管理信息系统Advanced Management Information Systems高级计算机体系构造Advanced puter Architecture高级计算机网络Advanced puter Networks高级计算机网络与集成技术Advanced puter Networks and Integration Technology高级经济计量Advanced Economic Metrology高级软件工程Advanced Software Engineering高级生化技术Advanced Biochemical Technique高级生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高级食品化学Advanced Food Chemistry高级视听Advanced Videos高级数据库Advanced Database高级数理逻辑Advanced Numerical Logic高级水生生物学Advanced Aquatic Biology高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高级植物生理生化Advanced Plant Physiology and Biochemistry高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frequency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frequency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuit高维代数簇Algebraic Varieties of Higher Dimension高压测量技术High-Voltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-Voltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-Voltage Electronic Field高压电工程High-Voltage Engineering高压电技术High-Voltage Technology高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高压实验High-Voltage Experimentation高压实验设备测量High-Voltage Experimentation Equipment Measurement高压试验技术High-Voltage Experimentation Technology工厂电气设备Electric Equipment of Plants工厂供电Factory Electricity Supply工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测量实习Engineering Measuring Practice工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程测试与信号处理Engineering Testing & Signal Processing工程地质Engineering Geology工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程数学Engineering Mathematics工程工程概预算Engineering Project Estimate & Budget工程工程评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimization Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业产品学Industrial Products工业电子学Industry Electronics工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术根底Basic Industrial Technology工业技术经济Industrial Technology Economics工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业美术设计Art Designing in Industry工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Administrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation工艺设计Technics Design工艺实习Technics Practice工艺原理与研究方法Principles & Research of Technics公差mon Difference公差测试实验mon Difference Testing Experiment公差技术测量Technical Measurement with mon Difference公差与配合mon Difference & Cooperation公共关系Public Relationship公共关系学Public Relations公司法Corporation Law公司组织与管理Organization and Management公司组织与管理Organization and Management of Corporate公文写作Document Writing功能材料原理与技术Principle and Technology of Functional Materials 功能高分子Functional Polymer功能性食品Function Foods古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature骨科医学Osteopathic Medicine固体磁性理论Theory of Magnetism in Solid固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体理论Solid State Theory固体物理Solid-State Physics故障诊断与容错技术Malfunction Diagnoses & Tolerance Technology 关税Tariff管理概论Introduction to Management管理沟通Management munication, Management Negotiation管理会计Managerial Accounting管理经济学Management Economics管理科学专题Management Science Special Subject管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统FOXBASE Management System of FOXBASE管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information System管理学Management Theory, Principles of Management管理学Principles of Management光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电检测与信号处理Optoelectronic Detection and Processing光电课程设计Photoelectric Course Exercise光电摄像技术Photoelectric Photographing Technique光电探测及信号处理Photoelectric Inspect & Signal Processing光电系统课程设计Photoelectric System Course Design光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光电信息计算机处理puter Processing in Photoelectric Information光电子技术Photoelectronic Technique光电子学与光电信息技术Optoelectronics and Optoelectronic Information Technology 光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光接入网技术Technology of Light Access Network光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器根底Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学Fiber Optics光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤实验Experiments in Fibre Optical光纤通信根底Basis of Fibre Optical munication光纤通信技术Fibre Optical munication Technology光纤通信网络Networks of Fiber munications光纤通信系统Fibre Optical munication System, System of Fiber munications光纤原理与技术Fibre Optical Operation & Technology光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学工艺实习Optical Technology Practice光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Information光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment光学与统计物理Optics and Statistical Physics光学与原子物理Optics & Atomic Physics光子学器件原理与技术Principle and Technology of Photonics Devices光子学专题Special Topics on Photonics播送编辑学Broadcast Editing播送节目制作Broadcast Programming播送新闻Broadcast Journalism播送新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & position广告管理Advertising Management广告学Advertisement锅炉课程设计Boiler bustion Course Designing锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler bustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange, Conduction & Intensification。
Unit 5 mechanical vibrations
Unit 5 Mechanical Vibration机械振动A mechanical vibration is an oscillatory, periodically repeated motion of a particle or body about a position of equilibrium. An engineer is frequently confronted with the problem of mechanical vibrations since they are encountered to some degree in almost all types of machinery and structures. Most vibrations are undesirable in machines and structures because they produce excessive stresses or repeated stresses; cause added wear; increase bearing loads; induce fatigue; create acute passenger discomfort in planes, ships, trains, buses, and automobiles; and absorb energy that could otherwise do useful work. The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940 is an example of structural failure due to excessive stresses produced by vibrations. The accuracy of precision instruments, tools, and machines may be impaired by excessive vibrations. Rotating machine parts require careful balancing in order to prevent damage from vibrations. When part of propeller of an airplane is shot off or breaks off in flight the propeller is no longer symmetrical, and the vibrations from the engine may tear the engine from the plane unless it can be stopped in time. The vibrations produced in an automobile by the engine or by driving on rough roads set up repeated stresses in certain parts that can eventually lead to failure of the members.机械振动是一个质点或物体以一个平衡位置为中心做往复周期的振荡运动。
力学名词英文翻译
力学通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system 等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system 优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数 Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation 聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差 second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性 magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain 永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor 强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation 损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method 光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics 加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition 自然边界条件 natural boundary condition 离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集 assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation 形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure流体力学流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid 质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum 能量守恒 conservation of energy 动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge。
振动力学的专题精选
振动力学的专题精选Iliya I. Blekhman，Russian Academy of Science，Russia (Ed.)Selected Topics in Vibrational MechanicsSeries on Stability， Vibration and Control of Systems Vol.112022，409pp.Hardcover $ 92.00ISBN 981-238-055-8World Scientific本书是《系统的稳定性、振动和控制》系列丛书A系列的第11卷。
振动力学是非线性动力学和非线性振荡理论中新发展起来的一个分支，此书反映近几年来在振动力学的数学工具和在一起应用问题解这两方面所得到的主要成果。
全书分为六部分，共有20章。
第1部分振动力学的基本原理(有5章)；第1章关于若干非线性振荡效应和振动力学的主要概念；第2章振动力学和运动的直接分离方法的主要数学工具；第3章得到振动力的表达式和振动力学主要方程的其他方法；第4章最简单的例子：用非线性振荡理论的不同方法来解有振动悬挂轴的摆的问题；第5章结论：与非线性力学的其他方法相比，振动力学的方法和运动的直接分离方法的特点和优点。
第二部分在高频激励下的摆和摆系统——非平常效应(有5章)：第6章有周期振动轴的摆的拟平衡位置和稳态旋转；第7章高频激振对摆系统的非平常效应；第8章关于印度魔绳的理论；第9章摆在双调和激振下的共轭共振和分叉；第10章电机械系统的研究和高频磁场中摆型导体的性能。
第三部分自同步理论的一般定义(有4章)：第11章自同步的一般定义；第12章解一些自同步问题的指南；第13章有内自由度的动态物体自同步问题的建立及其解法；第14章有近拟均匀旋转的动态物体自同步问题中稳定性的积分符号应用域的扩展；第四部分产生动力物质的问题(有2章)：第15章关于动力物质；第16章用参数刚度调节来主动控制复合材料梁的振动。
机械动力学之振动的基本理论(ppt 37页)
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振动理论与应用
引言
振动问题的研究方法－与分析其他动力学问题 相类似：
• 选择合适的广义坐标； • 分析运动； • 分析受力； • 选择合适的动力学定理； • 建立运动微分方程； • 求解运动微分方程，利用初始条件确定积分常数。
Theory of Vibration with Applications
Theoretical Mechanics
Theory of Vibration with Applications
目录
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• 第1章 振动的基本理论
• 1.1 振动系统
Theory of Vibration with Applications
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• 1.1 振动系统
振动系统一般可分为连续系统或离散系统。
Theory of Vibration with Applications
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• 1.1 振动系统
振动问题的分类
按系统特性或运动微分方程类型划分：
• 线性振动－系统的运动微分方程为线性方程的
振动。
m y ky0
m e q keq＝ F 0si n t)(
• 非线性振动－系统的刚度呈非线性特性时，将 得到非线性运动微分方程，这种系统的振动称
2
可得到加速度与位移有如下关系
x 2x
重要特征:简谐振动的加速度大小与位移成正比，但方向总是 与位移相反，始终指向平衡位置。
Theory of Vibration with Applications
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• 1.2 简谐振动
1.2.1简谐振动的表示
2. 用旋转矢量表示简谐振动
弹性力学1-绪论
如：梁的弯曲问题
弹性力学结果
材料力学结果
当 l >> h 时，两者误差很小
如：变截面杆受拉伸
弹性力学以微元体为研 究对象，建立方程求解，得 到弹性体变形的一般规律。 所得结果更符合实际。
（3）数学理论基础 材力、结力 —— 常微分方程（4阶，一个变量）。 弹力 —— 偏微分方程（高阶，二、三个变量）。
弹性力学在各领域中的应用:
土木、机械、航天、航空、航海、矿业、水利等工程 领域的许多课题都须用弹性理论去求解。
海 沧 大 桥
高层建筑与大型桥梁
桥面结构
桥墩
桥面结构
缆索与立柱
美与力的雕塑
美与力的雕塑
城市中的剧院、剧院中的城市——国家大剧院
3.5万平方米、45米高 、6750吨的巨型曲线壳体无 一根柱子支撑，全靠弧形钢梁承重 。
V 0
—— 体力分布集度 （矢量）
Z
V
F Xi Yj Zk
X、Y、Z为体力矢量在坐标轴上的投影 单位： N/m3
k
X
Y
kN/m3
量纲:[力][长度]-3
(1) F 是坐标的连续分布函数； x 说明：(2) F 的加载方式是任意的 (如：重力，磁场力、惯性力等) (3) X、Y、Z 的正负号由坐标方向确定。
学习要求： 1。写笔记 2。先读书，后做作业，按时交作业 步骤清晰，作图规范，书写工整，解答正确 3。课前要预习，上课要带书，讲授、自学和讨论 相结合 4。上课要集中精力，认真听，重点记
学习方法 1。弄清基本概念——思考再思考，观察生活实例 适当读参考书、开展相关讨论 2。注意知识发生过程——公式推导：基本假设 、 基本思路基本要点 3。认真完成作业——理解、体验，举一反三 培养解决问题的能力 4。养成写总结和体会的习惯 5。写小论文
力学名词英文翻译
力学通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system 等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule 力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method 并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration 模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation 阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system 相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation 驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque 陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance 姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession 半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement 不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数 Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics 斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect 简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion 爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent 火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差 second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow 哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology 血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD 磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性 magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity 颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave 体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension 加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation 完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method 力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor 强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factor HRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor 应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen。
机械类的英文课程
机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control 机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems 机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device 机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements 机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design 机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture 机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps积分变换Integral Transformation积分变换及数理方程Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations 积分变换控制工程Integral Transformation Control Engineering积分变换与动力工程Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering激光电源Laser Power Devices激光焊Laser Welding激光基础Basis of Laser激光技术Laser Technology激光加工Laser Processing激光器件Laser Devices激光器件与电源Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理Principles of Laser激光原理与技术Laser Principles & Technology极限分析Limit Analysis集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Technological Management技术经济Technological Economy技术经济学Technological Economics技术市场学Technological Marketing计量经济学Measure Economics计算方法Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机导论与实践Introduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitation 计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Language Teaching计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engineering计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technology计算机接口与通讯Computer Interface & Communication 计算机局域网Regional Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Controling计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Design计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demonstration计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机网络Computer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management 建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System 教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology 结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure Designing解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal Forming转贴：大学课程英语翻译（3）(15千字)(grgr 6-22 20:36 阅读27) 金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery 精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design 精密机械学Precision Machinery精细有机合成Minute Organic Synthesis经济地理Economical Geography经济法Law of Economy经济法学Law of Economy经济分析基础Basis of Economic Analysis经济控制论Economical Cybernetics经济社会学Economic Sociology经济新闻Economic News经济学说史History of Economics经济学原理Principles of Economics经济预测Economic Predicting经济预测与管理奖惩Economic Predicting & Management 经济原理Principles of Economy经济运筹学Economic Operation Research经济增长理论Theory of Economic Growth经营管理Operation Management经营管理学Operation Management静力学Statics纠错编码Error Correction of Coding决策分析Analysis of Policy Making绝缘在线检测Insulation Live Testing军事理论Military Theory。
机械英语
机械设计英文名词 A (2006/02/18 15:46)目录：机械密封浏览字体：大中小1机构学机构学 theory of mechanisms机构 mechanism机器 machine机械 machinery构件 link主动件 driving link从动件 driven运动副 kinematic pair铰链连接 hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链 compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链 kinematic chain低副 lower pair高副 higher pair自由度 degree of freedom虚约束 redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图 schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构运动学 kinematics of mechanism速比 velocity ratio of link传动比 transmission ratio速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学 dynamics of machinery驱动力 driving force扰动力 perturbed force工作阻力 effective resistance静载荷 static load动载荷 dynamic load离心力 centrifugal force作用力 active force, applied force反作用力 reaction等效力 equivalent force力矩 moment力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple力平衡 equilibrium等效力矩 equivalent moment效率 efficiency等效构件 equivalent link等效质量 equivalent mass转动惯量 moment of inertia惯性积 product of inertia极转动惯量 polar moment of inertia回转半径 radius of gyration飞轮 flywheel调速器 governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡 static balance of rotor转子的动平衡 dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量 balancing mass质径积 mass-radius product连续系统 continuous system离散系统 discrete system变质量系统 variable mass system连杆机构 linkage mechanism连架杆 side link曲柄 crank连杆 coupler, floating link摇杆 rocker滑块 slider导杆 guide bar, guide link四杆机构 four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构 planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构 spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构 centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构 eccentric mechanism急回运动机构 quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio 凸轮 cam盘形凸轮 plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮 translating cam凸轮从动件 cam follower直动从动件 translating follower凸轮理论轮廓 cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓 cam contour, cam profile回程 return travel推程 rise travel回程运动角 motion angle for return travel近休止角 nearest dwell angle远休止角 farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹 constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹 cosine acceleration motion curve 正弦加速度运动轨迹 sine acceleration motion curve 螺旋机构 crew mechanism差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism自锁机构 self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构 intermittent mechanism步进机构 step mechanism不完全齿轮机构 incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构 non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构 geneva mechanism棘爪 pawl棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism擒纵机构 escapement差动机构 differential mechanism瞬心线机构 centrode mechanism2极限与配合尺寸偏差 deviation基本尺寸 basic size极限尺寸 limits of size上偏差 upper deviation实际尺寸 actual size下偏差 lower deviation最大极限尺寸 maximum limits of size最小极限尺寸 minimum limits of size间隙配合 clearance fit过盈配合 interference fit过渡配合 transition fit公差带 tolerance zone基孔制 hole basic system基轴制 shaft basic system3疲劳强度高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳 contact fatigue循环载荷 cyclic loading随机载荷 random loading恒幅载荷 constant loading变幅载荷 variable amplitude loading最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress应力幅 stress amplitude循环特性 stress ratio脉动循环 pulsation cycle对称循环 symmetry cycle疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳极限 fatigue limit应力集中 stress concentration有效应力集中系数 effective stress concentration factor 无限寿命设计 infinite life design有限寿命设计 finite life design尺寸系数 size factor表面加工系数 surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤 cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱 loading spectrum断裂力学 fracture mechanics4可靠性可靠性 reliability失效 failure浴盆曲线 bathtub curve故障 fault概率密度函数 probability density function5振动与冲击振动 vibration周期振动 periodic vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic vibration随机振动 random vibration噪声 noise瞬态振动 transient vibration稳态振动 steady-state vibration受迫振动 forced vibration纵向振动 longitudinal vibration弯曲振动 bending vibration扭转振动 torsional vibration自激振动 self-excited vibration非线性振动 non-linear vibration振动模态 modal of vibration共振 resonance振型 mode shape耦合振型 coupled modes共振频率 resonance frequency阻尼 damping冲击 shock冲击脉冲 shock pulse机械冲击 mechanical shock冲击响应谱 shock response spectrum冲击响应谱 shock spectrum6摩擦学摩擦学 tribology摩擦 friction磨损 wear润滑 lubrication摩擦系数 friction coefficient当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction 流体摩擦 fluid friction干摩擦 dry friction边界摩擦 boundary lubrication摩擦材料 friction material烧结金属 sintered metalic material金属陶瓷 ceramic friction material机械磨损 mechanical wear机械化学磨损 mechano-chemical wear磨料磨损 abrasion, abrasive wear气蚀磨损 cavitation wear黏着磨损 adhesion wear剥落 spalling涂抹 smearing擦伤 scratching咬死 seizure氧化磨损 oxidative接触疲劳 contact fatigue点蚀 pitting微动磨损 fretting wear磨合磨损 running-in wear磨损率 wear rate耐磨性 wear resistance黏度 viscosity黏弹性 visco-elasticity稠度 consistency锥入度 penetration流变学 rheology牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid雷诺方程Reynolds’ equation轴承特性系数 bearing characteristic number 索默菲德数 Sommerfeld number气体润滑 gas lubrication液体润滑 fluid lubrication固体润滑 solid-film lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication弹性流体动力润滑 elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流体动力润滑 magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 极压润滑 extreme-pressure lubrication连续润滑 continuous lubrication间歇润滑 periodical lubrication循环润滑 circulating lubrication油浴润滑 bath lubrication油雾润滑 mist lubrication油环润滑 oil-ring lubrication油垫润滑 pad lubrication润滑剂 lubricant添加剂 additive7螺纹连接紧固件 fastener螺旋线 helix螺纹 screw thread圆柱螺纹 parallel screw thread圆锥螺纹 taper screw thread外螺纹 external thread内螺纹 internal thread单线螺纹 single-start thread多线螺纹 multi-start thread右旋螺纹 right-hand thread左旋螺纹 left-hand thread自攻螺纹 tapping screw thread基本牙型 basic profile牙型角 thread angle牙型半角 half of thread angle公称直径 nominal diameter螺纹大径 major diameter螺纹小径 minor diameter螺纹中径 pitch diameter螺距 pitch螺纹导程 lead螺纹升角 lead angle螺纹牙厚 thread ridge thickness螺纹槽宽 thread groove width螺纹旋合长度 length of thread engagement螺纹接触高度 thread contact height螺距偏差 deviation in pitch螺距累积误差 cumulative error in pitch螺栓 bolt双头螺柱 stud六角头螺栓 hexagon boltT形螺栓 T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺钉 screw紧定螺钉 set screw自攻螺钉 tapping screw吊环螺钉 lifting eye bolt开槽圆柱头螺钉 slotted cheese head screw开槽盘头螺钉 slotted pan head screw开槽沉头螺钉 slotted countersunk (flat) head screw开槽半沉头螺钉 slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw开槽圆头螺钉 slotted round head screw内六角圆柱头螺钉 hexagon socket head cap head screw内六角沉头螺钉 hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw 十字槽盘头螺钉 cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉头螺钉 cross recessed countersunk head screw螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagon nut方螺母 square nut圆螺母 round nut滚花高螺母 knurled nut with collar翼形螺母 wing nut吊环螺母 lifting nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer方垫圈 square washer with round hole弹性垫圈 spring washer弹簧垫圈 helical spring lock washer外齿锁紧垫圈 external teeth lock washer内齿锁紧垫圈 internal teeth lock washer单耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab双耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab and wing外舌止动垫圈 external tab washer内舌止动垫圈 internal tab washer8轴上零件轴肩挡圈 ring for shoulder轴端挡圈 lock ring at the end of shaft弹性挡圈 snap ring钢丝挡圈 round wire9键连接键key花键 spline键槽 key way平键 flat key普通平键 general flat key导向平键 feather key ,dive key半圆键 woodruff key楔键 taper key钩头楔键 gib-head taper key切向键 tangential key矩形花键 rectangle spline渐开线花键 involute spline10销钉连接销 pin圆柱销 cylindrical pin, straight pin圆锥销 conical pin , taper pin弹性圆柱销 spring-type straight pin ,spring pin开尾圆锥销 taper pin with split槽销 grooved pin销轴 clevis pin with head开口销 cotter pin ,split pin安全销 safety pin快卸销 quick-release pin11联轴器联轴器 coupling刚性联轴器 Rigid coupling套筒联轴器 sleeve coupling凸缘联轴器 flange coupling夹壳联轴器 split coupling齿式联轴器 gear coupling十字滑块联轴器 Oldham coupling滑块联轴器 NZ clao type coupling链条联轴器 chain coupling万向联轴器 universal joint球笼式同步万向联轴器 synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker 弹性联轴器 resilient shaft coupling簧片联轴器 flat spring coupling蛇形弹簧联轴器 serpentine steel flex coupling波纹管联轴器 coupling with corrugated pipe牙嵌式联轴器 jaw and toothed coupling膜片联轴器 diaphragm coupling非金属弹性元件联轴器 coupling with non-metallic elastic element轮胎式联轴器 coupling with rubber type element橡胶板联轴器 coupling with rubber plates弹性套柱销联轴器 pin coupling with elastic sleeves梅花形弹性联轴器 coupling with elastic spider弹性柱销齿式联轴器 elastic pin coupling12离合器离合器 clutch操纵离合器 controlled clutch机械离合器 mechanically controlled clutch电磁离合器 electromagnetic clutch超越离合器 overrunning clutch滚柱离合器 roller clutch楔块离合器 sprag clutch离心离合器 centrifugal clutch安全离合器 safety clutch单向离合器 one-way clutch双作用离合器 dual clutch同步离合器 synchro clutch牙嵌式离合器 Jaw clutch摩擦式离合器 friction clutch闸带离合器 brake-band clutch磁粉离合器 magnetic powder clutch接合过程（离合器） engaging(clutch)接合时间（离合器） engaging time(clutch)分离时间（离合器） disengaging time (clutch) 13制动器制动器 brake牙嵌式制动器 Jaw brake带式制动器 band brake块式制动器 block brake摩擦制动器 friction brake非摩擦制动器 non-friction brake常开制动器 normally disengaged brake常闭制动器 normally engaged brake电磁涡流制动器 electromagnetic whirlpool brake 磁滞制动器 magnetic remanence brake制动衬片 brake lining制动块 brake piece制动鼓 brake drum制动蹄 brake shoe制动瓦 shoes of brakes14滑动轴承轴承 bearing滑动轴承 plain bearing, sliding-contact bearing 整体式滑动轴承 solid bearing剖分式滑动轴承 split plain bearing径向滑动轴承 plain purnal bearing止推滑动轴承 plain thrust bearing径向－止推滑动轴承 thrust-purnal bearing液体动压滑动轴承 hydrodynamic bearing液体静压滑动轴承 hydrostatic bearing气体静压滑动轴承 aerodynamic bearing自润滑滑动轴承 self-lubricating bearing多孔质滑动轴承 porous bearing磁力滑动轴承 magnetic bearing静电轴承 electrostatic bearing自动调心滑动轴承 plain self-aligning bearing浮环滑动轴承 floating bearing可倾瓦块滑动轴承 tilting-pad bearing椭圆滑动轴承 elliptic bearing粉末冶金滑动轴承 powder metallurgy bearing多楔滑动轴承 lobed plain bearing多油楔滑动轴承 multi-oil wedge bearing塑料轴承 plastic bearing宝石轴承 jewel bearing橡胶轴承 rubber bearing多油叶滑动轴承 bobed bearing轴颈 journal轴瓦 liner轴承衬 bearing liner轴套 bearing bush油槽 oil groove油孔 oil hole油道 oil duct油腔 oil recess, oil pocket封油面 land补偿器（静压轴承〕 compensator (hydrostatic bearing) 节流器（静压轴承〕 restrictor (hydrostatic bearing)减磨轴承材料 anti-friction bearing material烧结轴承材料 sintered bearing material复合轴承材料 compost bearing material自润滑轴承材料 self-lubricating bearing material摩擦相容性 frictional conpatibility摩擦顺应性 frictional conformability嵌入性 embeddability磨合性 running-in ability相对耐磨性 relative wear resitance轴承径向载荷 bearing radial load轴承轴向载荷 bearing axial load轴承润滑油流量 oil flow in bearing轴心轨迹 locus of journal bearing磨损度 wear intensity轴承承载能力 bearing load carrying capacity偏心率 relative eccentricity偏位角 attitude angle楔效应 wedge effect轴承压强 bearing mean specific load临界油膜厚度 oil film critical thickness油膜刚度 oil film stiffness油膜振荡 oil whirl气膜振荡 gas whirl15滚动轴承滚动轴承 rolling bearing单列轴承 single row bearing双列轴承 double row bearing装满滚动体的轴承 full complement bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing剖分轴承 split bearing密封圈轴承 sealed bearing防尘盖轴承 shielded bearing预润滑轴承 prelubricated bearing仪器精密轴承 instrument precision bearing 锥孔轴承 tapered bore bearing凸缘轴承 flanged bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact bearing单向推力轴承 single direction thrust bearing 双向推力轴承 double direction thrust bearing 直线（运动）轴承 linear (motion) bearing 球轴承 ball bearing向心球轴承 redial bearing深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing装填槽球轴承 filling slot balll bearing四点接触轴承 four-point contact ball bearing 滚子轴承 roller bearing向心滚子轴承 radial roller bearing圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing滚针轴承 needle roller bearing调心滚子轴承 self-aligning roller bearing交叉滚子轴承 crossed roller bearing轴承套圈 bearing ring内圈 inner ring外圈 outer ring止动环 locating snap ring锁圈 retaining snap ring密封圈 seal (bearing)防尘盖 shield (bearing)滚动体 rolling element保持架 cage成对安装（滚动轴承） paired mounting (rolling bearing)背对背配置（滚动轴承） back to back arrangement (rolling bearing) 面对面配置（滚动轴承） face to face arrangement (rolling bearing) 轴承系列（滚动轴承） bearing series (rolling bearing)尺寸系列（滚动轴承） dimension series (rolling bearing)直径系列（滚动轴承） diameter series (rolling bearing)宽度系列（滚动轴承） width series (rolling bearing)高度系列（滚动轴承） height series (rolling bearing)外形尺寸（滚动轴承） boundary dimension (rolling bearing)轴承宽度 bearing width轴承内径 bearing bore diameter轴承外径 bearing outside diameter静载荷 static load动载荷 dynamic load摆动载荷 oscillating load变载荷 fluctuating load当量载荷 equivalent load额定寿命 rating life基本额定寿命 basic rating life修正额定寿命 adjusted rating life径向载荷系数 radial load factor轴向载荷系数 axial load factor寿命系数 life factor速度系数 speed factor16弹簧弹簧 spring螺旋弹簧 helical spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindrical helical compression spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindrical helical tension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindrical helical torsion spring不等节距圆柱螺旋弹簧 variable pitch cylindrical helical spring多股螺旋弹簧 stranded wire helical spring密圈螺旋弹簧 tightly coiled helical spring截锥螺旋弹簧 conical spring截锥涡卷弹簧 volute spring平面涡卷弹簧 spiral spring碟形弹簧 belleville spring环形弹簧 ring spring板弹簧 leaf spring等刚度弹簧 constant rate (stiffness) spring变刚度弹簧 variable rate (stiffness) spring组合弹簧 combined spring片弹簧 flat spring空气弹簧 air spring节距(弹簧) pitch (spring)自由高度(弹簧) free height (spring)工作高度(弹簧) working height (spring)工作载荷 specified load极限载荷 ultimate load总圈数 total number of coils有效圈数 effective coil number极限高度 height under ultimate load弹簧中径 mean diameter of coil旋绕比(弹簧) spring index (spring)曲度系数(弹簧) curvature correction factor (spring)高径比(弹簧) slender ratio (spring)压并载荷(弹簧) solid load (spring)压并高度(弹簧) solid height (spring)扭转角 torsion angle弹簧柔度 flexibility of spring17传动一般传动装置 transmission, driving传动比 speed ratio, transmission ratio增速比 speed increasing ratio减速比 speed reducing ratio无级变速 infinitely variable speed减速器 speed reducer18齿轮传动齿轮传动 gear drive齿轮 gear平行轴齿轮传动 gear drive with parallel axes相交轴齿轮传动 gear drive with intersecting axes交错轴齿轮传动 gear drive with non-parallel non-intersecting axes 小齿轮 pinion大齿轮 wheel, gear主动齿轮 driving gear从动齿轮 driven gear外齿轮 external gear内齿轮 internal gear中心距 center distance齿数比 gear ratio连心线 line of centers轴交角 shaft angle轴平面 axial plane基准平面 datum plane法平面 normal plane基本齿廓 basic rack tooth profile产形齿条 counterpart rack轮齿 gear teeth齿槽 tooth space左旋齿 left-hand teeth右旋齿 right-hand teeth齿面 tooth flank同侧齿面 corresponding flanks 异侧齿面 opposite flanks工作齿面 working flank非工作齿面 non-working flank 相啮合齿面 mating flank共轭齿面 conjugate flank齿根过渡曲面 fillet齿顶 crest齿槽底面 bottom land齿廓 tooth profile端面齿廓 transverse profile法向齿廓 normal profile轴向齿廓 axial profile背锥齿廓 back cone tooth profile 渐开线齿廓 involute profile直线齿廓 straight-side profile摆线齿廓 cycloidal profile圆弧齿廓 circular arc profile共轭齿廓 conjugate profile齿高 tooth depth齿顶高 addendum齿根高 dedendum弦齿高 chordal height齿宽 facewidth齿厚 tooth thickness模数 module端面模数 transverse module法向模数 normal module轴向模数 axial module径节 diametral pitch节径 pitch diameter齿数 number of teeth当量齿数 virtual number of teeth 头数 number of threads圆柱螺旋线 circular helix圆锥螺旋线 conical spiral螺旋角 helix angle导程 lead阿基米德螺线 Archimedes spiral摆线 cycloid长幅摆线 prolate cycloid短幅摆线 curtate cycloid外摆线 epicycloid长幅外摆线 prolate epicycloid短幅外摆线 curtate epicycloid内摆线 hypocycloid渐开线 involute延伸渐开线 prolate involute缩短渐开线 curtate involute球面渐开线 spherical involute阿基米德螺旋面 screw helicoid球面渐开螺旋面 spherical involute helicoid圆环面 toroid干涉 interference齿廓修形 profile modification修缘 tip relie齿向修形 axial modification齿端修薄 end relief鼓形齿 crowned teeth根切（挖根） undercut啮合 engagement啮合线 path of contact端面啮合线 transverse path of contact啮合曲面 surface of action作用角 angle of transmission总作用角 total angle of transmission作用弧 overlap arc总作用弧 total overlap arc端面重合度 transverse contact ratio纵向重合度 overlap ratio重合度 contact ratio标准中心距 reference center distance名义中心距 nominal center distance径向变位 addendum modification正变位 positive addendum modification负变位 negative addendum modification非变位齿轮 X-zero gear变位齿轮 gear with addendum modification径向变位量 addendum modification (for external gears) 径向变位系数 addendum modification coefficient变位齿轮副 X-gear pair, modified gear pair角变位齿轮副 gear pair with modified center distance负角变位齿轮副 gear pair with negative modified center distance 高变位齿轮副 gear pair with reference center distance中心距变动系数 center distance modification coefficient传动误差 transmission error传动精度 transmission accuracy齿轮承载能力 load capacity of gears圆柱齿轮 cylindrical gear齿条 rack当量齿轮 virtual gear直齿轮 spur gear斜齿轮 helical gear交错轴斜齿轮副 crossed helical gear pair人字齿轮 herringbone gear ,double helical gear渐开线圆柱齿轮 involute cylindrical gear圆弧圆柱齿轮 circular-arc gear单圆弧齿轮 single-circular-arc gear双圆弧齿轮 double-circular-arc gear分度圆柱面 reference cylinder基圆 base circle分度圆 reference circle节圆 pitch circle齿顶圆 tip circle齿根圆 root circle分度圆螺旋线 reference helix节圆螺旋线 pitch helix基圆螺旋线 base helix齿距 pitch轴向齿距 axial pitch法向齿距 normal pitch公法线长度 base tangent length分度圆直径 reference diameter齿根圆直径 root diameter齿顶圆直径 tip diameter节圆直径 pitch diameter齿根圆角半径 fillet radius端面齿厚 transverse tooth thickness法向齿厚 normal tooth thickness端面弦齿厚 transverse chordal tooth thickness法向弦齿厚 normal chordal tooth thickness齿槽宽 spacewidth齿厚 tooth thickness齿厚半角 tooth thickness half angle端面压力角 transverse pressure angle法向压力角 normal pressure angle齿形角 normal pressure angle啮合角 working pressure angle顶隙 bottom clearance圆周侧隙 circumferential backlash法向侧隙 normal backlash19传动装置行星齿轮 planet gear行星架 planet carrier中心轮 center gear太阳轮 sun gear内齿轮 ring gear单级行星齿轮系 single planetary gear train多级行星齿轮系 multiple-planetary gear train组合行星齿轮系 compound planetary gear train行星齿轮系 planetary gear train均载机构 load balancing mechanism偏心元件 eccentric element输出机构 output mechanism少齿差行星齿轮传动机构 planetary gear drive mechanism with small teeth difference 摆线少齿差传动 cycloidal drive with small teeth difference活齿少齿差齿轮副 oscillating tooth gear pair with small teeth difference滚珠活齿 ball oscillating teeth推杆活齿 push-rod oscillating teeth摆线针轮减速器 cycloidal-pin gear speed reducer针齿轮 pin wheel外齿针齿轮 external pin wheel内齿针齿轮 internal pin wheel外摆线的等距曲线 equidistant curve of epicycloid长幅外摆线的等距曲线 equidistant curve of prolate epicycloid内摆线的等距曲线 equidistant curve of epicycloid短幅外摆线的等距曲线 equidistant curve of curtate hypocycloid发生圆柱面 generating cylinder发生圆直径 generating diameter20锥齿轮传动锥齿轮 bevel gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear双曲面齿轮副 hypoid gear冠轮 crown gear端面齿轮 contrate gear弧齿锥齿轮 spiral gear摆线齿锥齿轮 epicycloid gear平顶齿轮 bevel gear wuth 90? face angle正交锥齿轮 bevel gear with axes at right angles斜交锥齿轮 angular bevel gear右旋锥齿轮 right-hand spiral bevel gear直线齿廓锥齿轮 bevel gear with straight tooth profile圆弧齿廓锥齿轮 bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile正常锥度齿锥齿轮 bevel gear with standard taoered tooth profile 双重锥度齿锥齿轮 bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile等高齿弧齿锥齿轮 spiral gear with duplex tapered teeth根锥顶点 root apex斜齿锥齿轮 skew [helical] bevel gear曲线齿锥齿轮 curved tooth bevel gear节圆锥面 pitch cone齿根圆锥面 root cone分度圆锥面 reference cone背锥面 back cone前锥面 front cone中间锥面 middle cone分锥顶点 reference cone apex轴线交点 crossing point of axes公共锥顶 common apex锥距 outer cone distance内锥距 inner cone distance中点锥距 back cone distance偏置距 offset分度圆锥角 reference cone angle节圆锥角 pitch angle顶圆锥角 tip angle根圆锥角 root angle背锥角 back cone angle齿顶角 addenddum angle齿根角 dedendum anle产形齿面 generating flank凹面 concave side凸面 convex side21谐波齿轮传动谐波齿轮传动 harmonic gear drive波发生器 wave generator柔性齿轮 flexible gear, flexpline波数 wave number波高 wave height畸变 distortion空程 lost motion跳齿现象 slippage phenomenon啮入 approach, engaging-in啮出 recess, engaging-out啮合区 tone of meshing, region of engagement径向谐波齿轮传动 harmonic gear drive with radial gear meshng端面谐波齿轮传动 harmonic gear drive with transverse gear meshng单级谐波齿轮传动 single-stage harmonic gear drive多级谐波齿轮传动 multiple-stage harmonic gear drive波发生器长轴 major axis of wave generator波发生器短轴 minor axis of wave generator22蜗杆传动蜗杆 worm蜗轮 worm wheel圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm环面蜗杆 toroid worm, enveloping worm锥蜗杆 spiroid锥蜗轮 spiroid gear标准圆柱蜗杆传动 standard gears for cylindrical worm gear变位圆柱蜗杆传动 profile shifted gears for cylindrical worm gear单导程圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm双导程圆柱蜗杆 dual lead cylindrical worm阿基米德蜗杆 straight sided axial worm渐开线蜗杆 involute helicoid worm法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm锥面包络圆柱蜗杆 milled helicoid worm圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm直廓环面蜗杆 toroid enveloping worm with straight line generatrix渐开面包络环面蜗杆 toroid enveloping worm with involute helicoid generatrix 锥面包络环面蜗杆 toroid enveloping worm with cone generatrix中间平面 mid plane轴交角 shaft angle蜗轮节圆 pitch circle of wormwheel蜗杆头数 number of threads of worm蜗杆旋向 hands of worm咽喉面 gorge喉圆 gorge circle蜗轮轴平面 axial plane of wormwheel蜗轮端平面 transverse plane of wormwheel23带传动带传动 belt drive平带传动 flat belt driveV带传动 V-belt drive圆带传动 round belt drive同步带传动 synchronous belt drive开口传动 open-belt drive交叉传动 cross-belt drive半交叉传动 quarter-twist belt drive角度传动 angle drive从动带轮 driven pulley塔轮 step pulley锥轮 cone pulley导轮 idler pulley张紧轮 tension pulley带长 belt length包角 angle of contact滑动率 sliding speed初拉力 initial tension紧边拉力 tight side tension松边拉力 slack side tension有效拉力 effective tension离心拉力 centrifugal tension皮革平带 leather belt普通平带 conventional belt编织平带 cotton belt普通V带 classical V-belt窄V带 narrow V-belt宽V带 wide V-belt联组V带 joined V-belt双面V带 double V-belt多楔带 poly V-belt基准宽度 datum width基准直径 datum diameter有效宽度 effective width有效直径 effective diameter基准圆周长 datum circumference 有效圆周长 effective circumference 节宽 pitch width基准线差 datum line differential有效线差 effective line differential 24链传动链传动 chain transmission链条 chain滚子链 roller chain单排滚子链 simplex roller chain双排滚子链 duplex roller chain三排滚子链 triplex roller chain多排滚子链 multiplex roller chain 弯板链 cranked link chain套筒链 bush chain板式链 leaf chain块链 block chain齿形链 inverted tooth chain传动链 transmission chain输送链 conveyor chain内链节 inner link外链节 outer link联接链节 connecting link链板 link plate25其他零件销轴 pin实心销轴 solid pin空心销轴 hollow pin链轮 chainwheel, sprocket导轨 guide rail螺旋传动 screw drive滚珠丝杠 ball screw螺杆 screw滚珠丝杠 ball screw摩擦轮传动 friction wheel driveT形螺栓 T-head bolt , hammer head boltV带传动 V-belt drive阿基米德螺线 Archimedes spiral阿基米德螺旋面 screw helicoid阿基米德蜗杆 straight sided axial worm安全离合器 safety clutch安全销 safety pin凹面 concave side摆动载荷 oscillating load摆线 cycloid摆线齿廓 cycloidal profile摆线齿锥齿轮 epicycloid gear摆线少齿差传动 cycloidal drive with small teeth difference摆线针轮减速器 cycloidal-pin gear speed reducer板弹簧 leaf spring板式链 leaf chain半交叉传动 quarter-twist belt drive半圆键 woodruff key包角 angle of contact宝石轴承 jewel bearing保持架 cage背对背配置（滚动轴承） back to back arrangement (rolling bearing) 背锥齿廓 back cone tooth profile背锥角 back cone angle背锥面 back cone边界摩擦 boundary lubrication编织平带 cotton belt变幅载荷 variable amplitude loading变刚度弹簧 variable rate (stiffness) spring变位齿轮 gear with addendum modification变位齿轮副 X-gear pair, modified gear pair变位圆柱蜗杆传动 profile shifted gears for cylindrical worm gear 变载荷 fluctuating load变质量系统 variable mass system标准圆柱蜗杆传动 standard gears for cylindrical worm gear标准中心距 reference center distance表面加工系数 surface machining factor波发生器 wave generator波发生器长轴 major axis of wave generator波发生器短轴 minor axis of wave generator波高 wave height波数 wave number波纹管联轴器 coupling with corrugated pipe剥落 Spalling补偿器（静压轴承〕 compensator (hydrostatic bearing)不等节距圆柱螺旋弹簧 variable pitch cylindrical helical spring 不完全齿轮机构 incomplete gear mechanism步进机构 step mechanism擦伤 Scratching操纵离合器 controlled clutch槽轮机构 geneva mechanism槽销 grooved pin差动机构 differential mechanism差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism产形齿面 generating flank产形齿条 counterpart rack长幅摆线 prolate cycloid长幅外摆线 prolate epicycloid长幅外摆线的等距曲线 equidistant curve of prolate epicycloid常闭制动器 normally engaged brake常开制动器 normally disengaged brake超越离合器 overrunning clutch成对安装（滚动轴承） paired mounting (rolling bearing)尺寸偏差 deviation尺寸系列（滚动轴承） dimension series (rolling bearing)尺寸系数 size factor齿槽 tooth space齿槽底面 bottom land齿槽宽 spacewidth齿顶 crest齿顶高 addendum齿顶角 addenddum angle齿顶圆 tip circle齿顶圆直径 tip diameter齿端修薄 end relief齿高 tooth depth齿根高 dedendum齿根过渡曲面 fillet齿根角 dedendum anle齿根圆 root circle齿根圆角半径 fillet radius齿根圆直径 root diameter齿根圆锥面 root cone齿厚 tooth thickness齿厚 tooth thickness齿厚半角 tooth thickness half angle齿距 pitch齿宽 facewidth齿廓 tooth profile齿廓修形 profile modification齿轮 gear齿轮承载能力 load capacity of gears齿轮传动 gear drive齿面 tooth flank齿式联轴器 gear coupling齿数 number of teeth齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿向修形 axial modification齿形角 normal pressure angle齿形链 inverted tooth chain冲击 shock冲击波 shock wave冲击脉冲 shock pulse冲击响应谱 shock response spectrum冲击响应谱 shock spectrum稠度 Consistency初拉力 initial tension传动比 transmission ratio传动比 speed ratio, transmission ratio传动精度 transmission accuracy传动链 transmission chain传动误差 transmission error传动装置 transmission, driving磁粉离合器 magnetic powder clutch磁力滑动轴承 magnetic bearing磁流体动力润滑 magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁滞制动器 magnetic remanence brake从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven大齿轮 wheel, gear带长 belt length带传动 belt drive带式制动器 band brake单导程圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm单耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab单级谐波齿轮传动 single-stage harmonic gear drive单级行星齿轮系 single planetary gear train单列轴承 single row bearing单排滚子链 simplex roller chain单线螺纹 single-start thread单向离合器 one-way clutch单向推力轴承 single direction thrust bearing单圆弧齿轮 single-circular-arc gear弹簧 spring弹簧垫圈 helical spring lock washer弹簧柔度 flexibility of spring弹簧中径 mean diameter of coil弹性挡圈 snap ring弹性垫圈 spring washer弹性联轴器 resilient shaft coupling弹性流体动力润滑 elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication弹性套柱销联轴器 pin coupling with elastic sleeves弹性圆柱销 spring-type straight pin ,spring pin弹性柱销齿式联轴器 elastic pin coupling当量齿轮 virtual gear当量齿数 virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load导程 lead导程角 lead angle导杆 guide bar, guide link导轨 guide rail导轮 idler pulley导向平键 feather key ,dive key等刚度弹簧 constant rate (stiffness) spring等高齿弧齿锥齿轮 spiral gear with duplex tapered teeth 等速运动轨迹 constant velocity motion curve等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment等效质量 equivalent mass。
高等弹性理论-01
发展初期（约于1660－1820）— 这段时期主要是通过 实验探索了物体的受力与变形之间的关系。
1678年，胡克通过实验，发现了弹性体的变形与受力之间成比 例的规律。 1807年，杨做了大量的实验，提出和测定了材料的弹性模量。 一些力学家开始了对杆件等的研究分析，伯努利（1705）和库 仑（1776）研究了梁的弯曲理论。
高等弹性理论
弹性理论基础
第一章绪论
Theory of Elasticity
弹性理论基础
第一章绪论主要介绍内容
力学的定义 弹性理论定义及其物理来源 与其它力学课程的关系 弹性理论发展简史 基本假定 研究特点
弹性理论基础
第一章绪论
力学
武际可, 力学史, 重庆出版社, 1999
弹性理论基础
鼓励举手提问，课间和课下交流，提建议
高等弹性理论
体系的完善和发展 补充与改进 实际应用 理论体系 基本理论和求解方法 概念
高等弹性理论
弹性理论 问题提出、建模 求解，应用能力 •基本假定 •基本原理 •应力理论 •应变理论 •本构理论 •微分提法 •能量原理 专题 •弹性通解 •板壳理论 •曲线坐标 •非线性弹性 •热弹性问题
The stiffness of the bonding spring equals to the second derivative of the interatomic potential with respect to the distance
Fmax
d 2U 0 dr 2
0
rD
r0
repulse (equilibrium position) dU 0 dr r
绪论（2学时） 应力理论（2学时） 位移和应变理论（4学时） 本构方程（2学时） 弹性理论的微分提法（2学时） 变分法与能量原理（4学时） 8.弹性通解（2学时） 9.平面问题（2学时） 非线性专题（4学时） 10.空间轴对称问题（2学时） 11.板的精华理论（2学时） 12.Eshelby问题 (2学时） 13.习题与答疑（2学时
力学专业英语资料（一）考研必备
⼒学专业英语资料（⼀）考研必备I. Theoretical Mechanics理论⼒学Gravitational Force, Gravity重⼒Concurrent Force汇交⼒, Coplanar Force共⾯⼒Force, Torque / Moment扭矩, Couple 约束⼒，反应，被动⼒，内⼒Constraint Force, Reaction, Passive Force, Internal/External Force 静⼒学直⾓坐标分量，合⼒，平⾏四边形准则Rectangular Components, Resultant Force, Parallelogram Law 1. Statics Composition of Force⼒的合成, Free Body Diagram隔离体Vector (Magnitude, Direction)⽮量, Scalar标量静⼒平衡平衡⽅程平衡条件Net Force = 0Static Equilibrium, Equation of Equilibrium, Conditions for EquilibriumNet Torque/Moment = 0Rectilinear MovementMotion of Particle粒⼦运动Curvilinear Movement运动学 Translation平移2. Kinematics Motion of Rigid Body刚体运动Rotation扭转Linear线性的Velocity速度, Acceleration加速度Angular有⾓的Momentum, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy动量，动能，势能动⼒学Moment of Inertia (Rectangular, Polar), Radius of Gyration惯性矩，回转半径3. Dynamics, Kinetics Centroid (Center of Mass/Gravity)中⼼Vibration, Oscillation (Free/Forced/Damped/Undamped)振动Simple Harmonic Motion, Period, Frequency简谐振动，周期，频率Pendulum, Centrifugal/Centripetal Force钟摆，离/向⼼⼒II. Mechanics of Materials材料⼒学材料强度 Compressive, Compression压缩1. Strength of Materials Tensile, Tension (Elongation, Extension)伸长Shear, Shearing剪切Linear, Hooke’s LawElastic弹性, Elasticity Non-linearViscoelasticity, Pseudo-elasticity, Super-elasticity粘弹性，拟弹性，超弹性应⼒应变关系塑性 Perfect Plasticity理想塑性2. Stress-Strain Relation/Behavior Plastic, Plasticity Viscoplasticity, Viscosity黏性, Creeping徐变, Relaxation Brittle脆性, Ductile柔性Work Hardening/Softening, Strain Hardening/Softening弹性模量，弹性系数 Young’s Modulus = Axial Stress / Axial Strain杨⽒模量3. Modulus of Elasticity, Elastic Modulus Shear Modulus = Shear Stress / Shear Strain剪切模量Bulk Modulus = Volumetric Stress / Volumetric Strain体积弹性模量破坏理论，失效准则，屈服准则 Maximum Principal Stress Theory最⼤应⼒准则4. Failure Theory, Failure Criteria, Yield Criteria Shear Stress TheoryMohr-Coulomb Theory库伦理论1。
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(E)
eagre 涌潮earth 土earth atmosphere 地面大气earth attraction 地球引力earth axis 地轴earth gravity 地球重力earth lateral pressure 土的侧压力earth orbit 地球轨道earth pressure 土压力earth pressure at rest 静土压力earth revolution 地球公转earth rotation 地球自转earth tides 地球潮汐earthquake force 地震烈度earthquake intensity 地震烈度earthquake proof 抗震earthquake proof wall 抗地震壁earthquake response 地震响应earthquake response spectrum 地震应谱earthquake shock 地震冲击earthquake wave 地震波easy glide region 易滑移区ebb tide 落潮ebullition 沸腾eccentric 偏心的eccentric anomaly 偏近点角eccentric collision 偏心碰撞eccentric compression 偏心压缩eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentric motion 偏心运动eccentric tension 偏心拉伸eccentricity orientation 偏心定向echo box 回波谐振盒echo pulse 回波脉冲echo wave 回波eddy 涡旋eddy conductivity 涡莲导率eddy current loss 涡琉耗eddy currents 涡流湍流eddy diffusion 涡动扩散eddy diffusivity 涡俩散率eddy energy 湍淋eddy energy flow 涡能通量eddy energy flux 涡能通量eddy field 涡场eddy flow 湍流涡流eddy freedom 无旋涡性eddy friction 涡动摩擦eddy generation 涡廖成eddy heat conduction 湍寥传导eddy invariant 涡旋不变量eddy loss 涡琉耗eddy motion 涡了动eddy resistance 涡凌力eddy source 涡源eddy space 涡琳间eddy spectrum 湍磷eddy stress 湍力力eddy transport 涡龄送eddy viscosity 涡脸性eddying whirl 涡流edge condition 边缘条件edge crack 边缘裂缝edge damping 边缘阻尼edge diffraction 边缘衍射edge dislocation 刃状位错edge effect 边缘效应edge fracture 边缘裂缝edge of crack 裂缝边缘edge point 边点edge wave 边缘波edgewise meter 边缘读数式仪表eerasive resistance 抗磨性effective area 有效面积effective coefficient 有效系数effective crack length 有效裂隙长度effective cross section 有效横截面effective energetic efficiency 有效能量效率effective head 有效水头effective horsepower 有效马力effective incidence 有效迎角effective length 有效长度effective load 有效负载effective mass 有效质量effective porosity 有效孔隙度effective pressure 有效压力effective radius 有效半径effective range of instrument 仪颇有效量程effective section 有效断面effective sound pressure 有效声压effective stress 有效应力effective surface energy 有效表面能量effective temperature 有效温度effective turbulent diffusivity 有效湍俩散系数effective value 有效值effective velocity 有效速度effective wake 有效伴流effective wavelength 有效波长effective work 有效功efficiency 效率effluence 瘤effluent 瘤水efflux 瘤efflux velocity 喷临度efflux viscometer 射脸度计effort 酌力effuser 喷管effusion 喷出eigen frequency 本盏率eigenfunction 本寨数eigenmoment 固有矩eigenperiod 固有周期eigenrotation 本正转eigentemperature 本章度eigentensor 本张量eigenvalue 本盏eigenvalue of energy 能量本盏eigenvector 本崭量einstein approximation 爱因斯坦近似einstein formula 爱因斯坦公式einstein frequency 爱因斯坦频率ejection seat 弹射座椅ejector 喷射器ekman flow 埃克曼流ekman helix 埃克曼螺线ekman layer 埃克曼层ekman number 埃克曼数elastic 弹性的elastic after effect 弹性后效elastic anisotropy 弹性蛤异性elastic axis 弹性轴elastic base 弹性基础elastic bending 弹性弯曲elastic buckling 弹性压曲elastic center 弹性中心elastic coefficient 弹性系数elastic coefficient matrix 弹性系数矩阵elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic compliance 弹性顺度elastic constants 弹性常数elastic curve 弹性曲线elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic design 弹性设计elastic dipole 弹性偶极子elastic distortional potential 弹性形变势elastic elongation 弹性伸长elastic energy 弹性能elastic energy density 弹性能量密度elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡elastic failure 弹性破坏elastic fatigue 弹性疲劳elastic fiber 弹性纤维elastic fluid 弹性铃elastic force 弹力elastic foundation 弹性基底elastic ground 弹性地面elastic hardness 弹性硬度elastic heat wave 热弹性波elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后elastic hysteresis loop 弹性滞后曲线elastic impact 弹性碰撞elastic kernel 弹性核elastic lag 弹性滞后elastic limit 弹性极限elastic limit for compression 压缩弹性极限elastic limit for tension 拉伸弹性极限elastic line 弹性线elastic load 弹性负荷elastic membrane 弹性膜elastic modulus 弹性模数elastic oscillation 弹性振荡elastic plastic 弹塑性的elastic plastic body 弹塑性体elastic plastic deformation 弹塑性形变elastic plastic equilibrium 弹塑性平衡elastic plastic fracture 弹塑性断裂elastic plastic strain 弹塑性形变elastic porous flow 弹性渗流elastic potential 弹性势elastic potential energy 弹性势能elastic range 弹性区域elastic rebound 弹性复元elastic recovery 弹性复元elastic region 弹性区域elastic relaxation 弹性弛豫elastic ring 弹性环elastic scattering 弹性散射elastic scattering cross section 弹性散射截面elastic scattering submatrix 弹性散射子矩阵elastic shell 弹性壳elastic sol 弹性溶胶elastic state 弹性状态elastic strain 弹性形变elastic strain energy 弹性应变能elastic stress 弹性应力elastic support 弹性支承elastic surface 弹性曲面elastic vibration 弹性振动elastic viscoplastic 弹性粘塑性的elastic viscoplastic analogy 弹性粘塑性比拟elastic wave 弹性波elastic wave in bar 杆中弹性波elastica 弹性线elastically supported beam 弹性支承梁elasticity 弹性elasto osmometry 弹性渗压测定法elasto plastic bending 弹塑性弯曲elasto plastic interface 弹塑性分界面elasto viscosity 弹粘性elasto viscous solid 弹粘性固体elastodynamics 弹性动力学elastohydrodynamics 弹性铃动力学elastokinetics 弹性动力学elastomechanics 弹性力学elastomer 弹性体elastometry 弹性测量法elastoplastic material 弹塑性材料elastoplastic range 弹塑性范围elastoplastic wave 弹塑性波elastostatics 弹性静力学elbow 肘管electric displacement 介电移electric knudsen number 电气克努森数electric wind 电风electrical analogy 电比拟electrical fluid dynamics 电铃动力学electro conducting fluid 导电铃electro magnetic flow meter 电磁量计electrogasdynamics 电气体动力学electrohydraulics 电动水力学electrohydrodynamics 电铃力学electromagnetic continuum mechanics 电磁连续介质力学electromagnetic gun 电磁炮electromagnetic pump 电磁泵electromagnetic stirring 电磁搅拌electromagnetofluid dynamics 电磁铃动力学electromechanical pickup 机电传感器electromotive force 电动势electron cyclotron frequency 电子回旋频率electron diffusion coefficient 电子扩散系数electron sound velocity 电子声速electronic current 电子流electrostatically suspended gyroscope 静电支承陀螺仪element 元件element matrix 单元矩阵element of construction 建筑部件element of turbulence 湍联element of vortex 涡元elementary displacement 单元变位elementary wave 元波elementary work 元功elevation of pressure 增压elevator 升降机elevon 升降副翼ellipsoid of elasticity 弹性椭球ellipsoid of inertia 惯量椭球ellipsoid of stress 应力椭球ellipsoidal wave function 椭球面波函数elliptic coordinates 椭圆坐标elliptic function 椭圆函数elliptic pendulum 椭圆摆elliptic vortex of kirchhoff 基尔霍夫椭圆涡旋elliptical loading 椭圆加载elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道elliptical oscillation 椭圆振荡elliptical velocity 椭圆速度elongation 伸长elongation percentage 延伸率elongation quadric 伸长二次曲面elongational flow 伸长怜elutriation 淘析embrittlement 脆化emersion time 现出时间emersion wave 出现波emission 放射emissivity 辐射系数emollescence 软化empennage 尾翼empty state 空态empty weight 无载重量emulsified liquid 乳化液encounter 碰撞end effector 末端执行器end face flux 正面通量end face leakage flux 正面漏泄通量end on observation 轴向观察end on structure 端接结构end point energy 端点能量end rib 端肋end support 端点支承end thrust 轴向推力endothermic 吸热的endothermic reaction 吸热反应endurance 持久性endurance bending strength 抗弯疲劳强度endurance bending test 弯曲疲劳试验endurance failure 疲劳断裂endurance limit 疲劳极限endurance strength 疲劳强度endurance test 疲劳试验endurance testing machine 疲劳试验机energy 能energy absorption build up factor 能量吸收累积因子energy approximation 能量近似energy balance 能量平衡energy build up factor 能量累积因子energy carrier 能量载体energy conservation 能量守恒energy conservation law 能量守恒定律energy constant 能量常数energy content 能含量energy decrement 能量减量energy density 能量密度energy density spectrum 能量密度谱energy deposition 能量沉积energy dispersion formula 能量分散公式energy distribution 能量分布energy efficiency 能量效率energy equation 能量方程energy equivalent 能量当量energy exchange 能量交换energy exchange time 能量交换时间energy fault 能量缺陷energy flow 能通量energy flow density 能淋度energy fluence 能注量energy fluence build up factor 能注量累积因子energy flux 能通量energy flux density 能淋度energy flux of radiation 辐射能流energy function 能量函数energy generation 能量产生energy group 能量组energy head 能量头energy level density 能级密度energy line 能量线energy loss 能量损耗energy metabolism 能量代谢energy migration 能量迂移energy momentum flux 能量动量通量energy momentum tensor 能量动量张量energy of absorption 吸收能energy of attachment 附着能energy of combustion 燃烧能energy of interaction 相互酌能energy of thermal motion 热运动能量energy of turbulence 湍淋energy of vibration 振动能量energy operator 能量算符energy oscillation 能量振荡energy output 能量输出energy principle 能量原理energy relaxation 能量弛豫energy resolution 能量分辨率energy source 能源energy spectrum 能谱energy spectrum equation of turbulence 湍淋谱方程energy surface 能面energy transfer 能量传输energy unit 能单位engine power 发动机功率engine speed 发动机转速engineering fluid mechanics 工程铃力学engineering system of units 工程单位制engineering unit 工程单位engler degree 恶勒度engler viscosimeter 断粘度计enlargement 放大enlargement of pipe 管扩张enlargement scale 放大标度enrichment 浓缩entering 入射enthalpy 焓enthalpy of combustion 燃烧焓enthalpy of mixing 混合焓entrainment 卷入entrance loss 进口损失entrance pressure 进口压力entrance velocity 进口速度entropic efficiency 熵效率entropic wave 熵波entropy 熵entropy balance equation 熵平衡方程entropy elasticity 熵弹性entropy equation 熵方程entropy flow 熵流entropy increase 熵增加entropy inequality 熵不等式entropy layer 熵层entropy of evaporation 汽化熵entropy of formation 形成熵entropy of melting 熔融熵entropy of mixing 混合熵entropy wave 熵波envelope surface 包络面envelope velocity 包络速度environment 环境environment temperature 周围温度environmental aerodynamics 环境空气动力学environmental conditions 环境条件epicenter 震中epicycloidal motion 外摆线运动equal armed lever 等臂杠杆equal energy source 等能源equalization 均衡equalization of concentration 浓度均衡equalization of potential 位势均衡equally distributed 均匀分布的equating 均衡equation of compatibility 协到程equation of continuity 连续性原理equation of equilibrium 平衡方程equation of five moments 五力矩方程equation of heat balance 热平衡方程equation of hydrodynamics 铃动力学方程equation of hydrostatics 铃静力学方程equation of motion 运动方程equation of radiative transfer 辐射传递方程equation of the vibrating string 弦振动方程equations of gravitational field 引力场方程equations of gyroscopic motion 陀螺仪运动方程equatorial moment of inertia 轴惯性矩equiangular 等角的equiangular spiral 等角螺线equidensity 等密度equidimensional 等量纲的equidistribution 等分布equilbrium state 平衡态equilibrant force 补偿力equilibrating force system 平衡力系equilibrium 平衡equilibrium conditions 平衡条件equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium criterion 平衡判据equilibrium diagram 平衡状态图equilibrium flow 平衡流equilibrium form 平衡形式equilibrium gradient 平衡梯度equilibrium momentum 平衡动量equilibrium of couples 力偶平衡equilibrium of forces 力平衡equilibrium partial pressure 平衡分压力equilibrium point 平衡点equilibrium process 平衡过程equilibrium state 平衡态equilibrium structure 平衡结构equilibrium surface 平衡面equilibrium surface tension 平衡表面张力equilibrium system 平衡系equilibrium tide 平衡潮equilibrium time 平衡时间equilibrium value 平衡值equilibrium vapor pressure 平衡蒸气压equipartition law 均分定律equipartition of energy 能量均分equiphase surface 等相面equipollent vectors 等效矢量equipotential line 等位线equipotential surface 等位面equivalence of mass and energy 质能等效equivalence principle 等效原理equivalence relation 等价关系equivalent bonds 等效结合equivalent couple 等值力偶equivalent damping 等价阻尼equivalent diameter 等效直径equivalent force systems 等效力系equivalent load 等效负载equivalent mass 等效质量equivalent permeability 当量渗透性equivalent roughness 等效粗度equivalent stopping power 等效阻止本领equivalent stress 等效应力equivalent system 等效系统equivalent thickness 等效厚度equivalent turbulence 等效湍寥equivalent twisting moment 等量扭矩equivoluminal wave 等容波erection load 装配负载erection stress 架设应力erg 尔格ergodic hypothesis 脯历经假说ergodic property 脯历经性ergodic random process 脯历经随机过程ergodic theorem 脯历经定理ergodic theory 脯历经理论erosion corrosion 侵蚀性腐蚀error function 误差函数error limit 误差限度error of division 分度误差error of graduation 分度误差error of mean square 均方误差error of measurement 测量误差escape velocity 脱离速度escape velocity from galaxy 脱离银河系的速度escape velocity from solar system 脱离太阳系的速度essential boundary condition 本质边界条件estimation 估计etalon 标准euler angle 欧拉角euler d'alembert principle 欧拉达朗伯原理euler dynamical equations 欧拉动力学方程euler equation 欧拉方程euler equation for turbomachine 欧拉涡轮机方程euler equations of hydrokinetics 欧拉铃运动方程euler gas dynamical equations 欧拉气体动力学方程euler lagrange equation 欧拉拉格朗日方程euler number 欧拉数euler static balance equation 欧拉静平衡方程euler stress tensor 欧拉应力张量euler stretching tensor 欧拉伸长张量euler theorem 欧拉定理euler turbine formula 欧拉涡轮机公式euler variable 欧拉变量eulerian coordinates 欧拉坐标eulerian correlation 欧拉相关eulerian derivative 欧拉导数eulerian difference method 欧拉差分法eulerian free period 欧拉自由周期evacuation 抽真空evanescent mode 衰减模式evanescent wave 衰减波evaporation 汽化evaporation coefficient 蒸发系数evaporation heat 蒸发热evaporation loss 蒸发损失evaporative cooling 蒸发冷却evection 出差evection tide 出差潮汐even fracture 平坦断口evolute 渐开线exact solution 精确解exactitude 精确exceptional plane 特战面excess air 过剩空气excess entropy 过剩熵excess head 超压水头excess heat 过剩热excess load 过负荷excess noise factor 过量噪声因数excess pressure of sound 声超压excess velocity 超速excessive pressure 超压exchange 交换exchange coefficient 交换系数exchange collision 交换碰撞exchange deformation 交换形变exchange diffusion 交换扩散exchange energy 交换能exchange energy density 交换能密度exchange force 交换力exchange frequency 交换频率exchange potential 交换势exchange rate 交换速率exchange resonance 交换共振exchange tensor 交换张量excitation 激发excitation energy 激发能量excitation level 激发级excitation of boundary layer 边界层激发excitation spectrum 激发谱excitation state 激发态excitation wave 激发波excited atom 受激原子excited state 激发态exciter 激振器exciting force 激发力executive device 执行机构exhaust nozzle 排气喷嘴exhaust pipe 排气管exhaust port 排出口exhaust pressure 排气压力exhaustion 排气exit 出口exit angle 出口角exit boundary point 出口边界点exit flow 出射流exit loss 出口损失exit momentum 出口动量exit pressure 出口压力exit temperature 出口温度exit track 出口轨道exit turn 出口转弯exit velocity 出口速度exosphere 外大气层exothermic 发热的expand 展开expansibility 膨胀性expansion 膨胀expansion coefficient 膨胀系数expansion crack 膨胀裂缝expansion curve 膨胀曲线expansion mach wave 膨胀马赫波expansion orbit 扩展轨道expansion parameter 展开参数expansion ratio 膨胀比expansion tank 膨胀水箱expansion vessel 膨胀水箱expansion wave 膨胀波expansion work 膨胀功expansive force 膨胀力expectation 期望值expected life 预期寿命expected value 期望值expected wind speed 期望风速experiment 实验experimental aerodynamics 实验空气动力学experimental check 实验检验experimental condition 实验条件experimental data 实验数据experimental error 实验误差experimental facility 实验装置experimental material 检验材料experimental method 实验法experimental point 实验点experimental result 实验结果experimental section 实验段experimental set up 实验装置experimental tests 实验检验experimental value 实验值explosion 爆炸explosion center 爆炸中心explosion chamber 燃烧室explosion equivalent 爆炸当量explosion forming 爆炸成形explosion heat 爆炸热explosion index 爆炸指数explosion limit 爆炸极限explosion line 爆破线explosion pressure 爆发压力explosion product 爆炸产物explosion theory 爆炸理论explosion wave 爆炸波explosion work 爆发功explosive 炸药explosive compaction 爆炸压实explosive force 爆炸力explosive gas 爆炸气explosive material 爆炸材料explosive power 爆炸力explosive reaction 爆炸反应explosive sintering 爆炸烧结explosive theory 爆炸理论explosive welding 爆炸焊接explosive working 爆炸加工explosiveness 爆炸性exponential curve 指数曲线expulsion 排出expulsive force 斥力extended tip 伸展翼梢extensibility 可延展性extension 延伸extension fissure 膨胀裂缝extensional oscillation 纵向振荡extensional vibration 纵向振荡extensional wave 膨胀波extensometer 伸长计exterior 外部exterior ballistics 膛外弹道学exterior pressure 外压力external constraint 外部约束external crack 外表裂纹external damping 外阻尼external effect 外效应external energy 外能external excitation 外加激发external force 外力external gravitational field 外引力场external heat of evaporation 外蒸发热external load 外加载external potential energy 外势能external power 外功率external pressure 外部压力external radiation 外辐射external resistance 外阻力external rotation 外转动external virtual work 外虚功external work 外功extinction 消光extra high pressure 超高压extract 提出物extraction of gas 放气extraction turbine 抽汽式涡轮机extraordinary wave 异常波extrapolation method 外推法extreme 极值extreme fiber stress 最外纤维应力extremity 端extremum 极值extremum conditions 极值条件extrinsic load 外加载extrusion 挤压。
力学专业英语词汇翻译
力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics固体力学solid mechanics一般力学general mechanics应用力学applied mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics材料力学materials mechanics结构力学structural mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability倾覆力矩capsizing moment拉力tensile force正应力normal stress切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure集中力concentrated force分布力distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force拉应力tensile stress压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress极限应力ultimate stress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pure shear横截面积cross-sectional area挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis悬臂梁cantilever beam简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation惯性矩moment of inertia静矩static moment扭矩torque moment弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends刚体rigid body扭转角twist angle静力等效statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支pin support at one end一端固定fixed at one end弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsional rigidity拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏brittle fail对称平面symmetry plane刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body约束力constraint force重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation张量方程tensor equation汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point合矢量resultant vector反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation共线力collinear forces平面力系planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力unknown reaction forces参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学particle dynamics运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems变化率rate of change动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line划线dashed line实线solid line矢量积vector product点积dot product极惯性矩polar moment of inertia角速度angular velocity角加速度angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequency缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction方位角azimuthal angle多体系统multibody system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method行列式搜索法determinant search method逐步法step-by-step method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
力学_专业英语词汇
附录：常用专业词汇和用语汇总表Aabsolute temperatureabutment [ə'bʌtmənt] acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃə n] accelerometer [æk,selə'rɔmit ə] action-at-a-distanceactive gageacoustic emitteracute angleadaptivity [ədæp'tivəti] aerospace engineering aggregate ['æɡriɡit] algebraic equationAlmansi strainallowable stressalternator ['ɔ:lt əneitə] amorphous [ə'mɔ:fəs] amphiphileamphiphileamplitude ['æmplitju:d] amplification factoramplitude stressamplitude of vibrationanelastic [ˌænilˈæsti] aneurysm ['ænjuriz əm] anisotropic [æn,ais ə'trɔpik]绝对温度n. 桥墩；桥基；桥台n. 加速度n. 加速度计远距离作用工作片声发射器锐角n. 适应性航空工程n. 偏析，聚合体代数方程阿曼西应变许用应力n. 交流发电机adj. 无定性的；非晶形的，无一定方向的n. 两亲物；两亲性分子n. 两亲物n. 幅值放大因子，放大倍数幅值应力振动幅值；振幅adj. 滞弹性的n. 动脉瘤n. 各项异性的anisotropy [ænai's ɔtrəpi] apparatus [,æp ə'reitəs] apparent stressappearance [ə'pirəns]n. aqueous ['e ikwi əs]arch [ɑ:tʃ]arm [ɑ:m]artificial heart v alveassembly [ə'sembli]Atomic Force Microscope autocatalytic [,ɔ:təukætə'litik] austenite ['ɔ:stə,nait] austenite crystalaustenitic transformation average stressaxil forceBback differencebacking ['bækiŋ]bar [bɑ:]basalt [bə'sɔ:lt]basis functionBauschinger effectbeam [bi:m]bedding planebenchmark testbend [bɛnd]n. 各项异性n. 仪器；装置表观应力出现，显露，外观adj. 水的；水成的n. 拱n. 臂人工心脏瓣膜n. 组集，集合原子力显微镜adj. 自动催化的n. 奥氏体奥氏体晶粒奥氏体转变平均应力轴向力向后差分n. 衬底；基底n. 杆；条；横木；栅n. 玄武岩基函数包辛格效应n. 梁，桁，横梁层理面基准测试vt.&vi . 弯曲，折弯bending moment 弯矩bending stress 弯曲应力biaxial strain 双轴应变biaxial stress 双轴应力biharmonic [baihɑ:'mɔnik]adj. 双调和的bionanomaterial n. 生物纳米材料block copolymer 嵌段共聚物bobbin ['bɔbin]n. 线轴body force 体力bolt [bəult]n. 螺栓bomb blast 炸弹爆炸borehole ['bɔ:,houl]n. 钻孔boron ['bɔ:rɔn]n. 硼boundary condition 边界条件boundary integral 边界积分brake drum 制动鼓；鼓式制动器brass [br ɑ:s]brittle fracturebrittle fracture mechanics buckle ['bʌkl]bushing ['buʃiŋ]Ccalcite ['kælsait] calibration [,kæli'brei ʃən] calibration constant cantilever ['kæntili:v ə] carbon steelCartesian coordinate n. 黄铜，黄铜色脆性断裂脆性断裂力学vi. 屈曲n. 绝缘套，轴衬n. 方解石n. 标定标定常数n. 悬臂；支架碳钢笛卡儿坐标cast iron 铸铁catastrophically [,kæt 'strɔfikli]adv. 灾难性地cavitation [,kævi'tei ʃ n] cellular patterncentered difference central crackcentripetal acceleration centroidal axischaotic [kei' ɔtik]chord [kɔ:d]civil engineering cleavage ['kli:vid ʒ]clay soil s ettleclosed formcluster ['klʌst ]civil engineeringcoarse-graincollapse [k 'læps] collinear [kɔ'linj ] collision [k 'liʒ n] colloid ['kɔlɔid]column ['kɔl m] columnar jointing combustion [k m'bʌstʃ n] complex frequency response compliance [k m'plai ns] composite material n. 气穴；成洞空泡中心差分中心裂纹向心加速度形心轴，质心轴adj. 混乱的；混沌的n. 弦；弦杆土木工程n. 分裂；裂隙粘土土层沉降闭型n. 群；群集土木工程粗粒的；大粒度的vi. 破坏，塌陷adj. 同线的；共轴的n. 相撞，碰撞n. 胶体adj. 胶状的n. 柱体，圆柱柱状节理n. 燃烧，氧化复频响应n. 柔度复合材料compressibility compressive stress computational mechanics concomitant [k n'kɔmit nt] concrete ['kɔnkri:t] conservation of momentum consistency [k n's ist nsi] constraint [k n'streint] contaminant [k n'tæm n nt] continuum mechanics contractile [k n'træktail] contracted notation contour ['kɔntu ] convection-diffusion convective velocity convergence [k n'v :dʒ ns] convergence ratecoolant ['k u:l nt]Coriolis acceleration corrosion [k 'r uʒ n] corrosion resistancecouple-stresscouple ['kʌpl]curvature ['k :v tʃ ] corrugate ['kɔrugeit] complex truss compound truss可压缩性压应力计算力学adj. 伴随的；共存的n. 混凝土，凝结物动量守恒n. 收敛性n. 约束n. 杂质；污染物连续介质力学adj. 可压缩的缩约记号n. 轮廓，等高线对流扩散对流速度n. 收敛收敛速度n. 冷冻剂科氏加速度n. 腐蚀，侵入耐蚀性；抗腐蚀性偶应力n. 力偶vt. 偶合n. 弯曲；曲率vt.&vi. 起皱纹复式桁架复氏桁架criterion [krai't i ri n] coplanar [k u'plein ] concurrent [k n'kʌr nt] configuration [k n,figju'rei ʃ n] critical form complementary function critical dampingconjugate ['kɔndʒ ,geɪt] constituent [k n's titju nt] constitutive theory constitutive equation constantan ['kɔnst ntæn] contrived variational principle corrosion fatiguecounter stresscrack [kræk]crack frontcrack initiationcrack nucleationcrack propagationcrack tipcreep [kri:p]creep fatiguecreep fracturecross-bracingcross jointn. 标准；准则adj. 共平面的adj. 同时发生的n. 构型，结构，形态危形余函数临界阻尼adj. 共轭的adj. 本质的，本构的本构理论本构方程n. 一种铜与镍的合金约束变分原理腐蚀疲劳对应力；相反应力vt.&vi 裂开，爆裂，断裂n. 裂纹裂纹前沿裂纹起始；起裂裂纹成核裂纹扩展裂尖vi. 蠕变n. 蠕变蠕变疲劳蠕变断裂交叉撑条横节理cross sectioncritical statecritical loadcrook [kruk] crookedness ['krukidnis] crush [krʌʃ]crystal latticecull [kʌl]culminate ['kʌlmineit] cycle numbercyclic loadingcyclic stresscylinder headDdamage ['dæmid ʒ] damping ['dæmpiŋ] damping factordashe linedead weightdealloying [,di: 'lɔiiŋ] decameter ['d ek ,mi:t ] defect [di'f ekt]deflect [di'f lekt]deflection [di'flek ʃ n] deform [di'fɔ:m] deformation [,di:f ɔ:'mei ʃ n] degree of freedom横截面临界状态临界载荷vi. 弯曲，成钩状n. 弯曲；扭曲vt.&vi 压碎；折皱晶格vt. 剔除n. 剔除vi. 达到顶点循环次数循环载荷循环应力汽缸盖n. 损伤vt 损坏adj. 阻尼阻尼系数虚线静止重量；自重；净重n. 脱合金成分腐蚀n. 十米n. 缺陷vt.&vi. 偏斜，转向n. 挠曲，挠度，偏斜vt.&vi. 变形n. 变形自由度degree of redundancy denominator [dɪ'nɔm ,neɪt ] density functional theory (DFT) derivative [di'r iv tiv] determinate [di't :minit] determinate structuredeviatoric planedeviatoric stressdie [dai]die-cast housingdifferential equation differentiation [,dif ,renʃi'eiʃ n] differential operatordiffusion coefficientdigital image correlation dimensionless [d 'menʃ nl s] dip [dip]dip coatingDirac delta functiondirection cosineDirichlet conditiondiscipline ['d isiplin, 'dis plin] discretedislocation [,disl 'keiʃ n] displacement [dis'pleism nt] displacement function dissipation principle冗余度n. 分母密度泛函理论n. 导数adj. 确定的，静定的静定结构偏平面偏应力n. 冲模, 钢模压铸壳微分方程n. 微分微分算符扩散系数数字图像相关adj. 无量纲n. 浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜vt.&vi. 浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜浸涂狄拉克δ 函数方向余弦狄利克来条件n. 学科离散的n. 位错n. 位移位移函数耗散定理divergence [dai'v :dʒ ns] dolerite ['dɔl rait] dolomite ['dɔl mait]drag [dræg]droplet ['drɔplit]ductile ['dʌktail]ductility [dʌk't iliti] Duhamel's integraldummy resistorduty c ycledyke [daik]dynamics [dai'næmiks] dynamic crack g rowthEearth-moving eccentricity [,eksen'trisiti] elastic [i'læstik] elastic limitelastic-perfectly plasticelastic-plasticelastic waveelasticity [,elæs'tis ti] elasticity matrixelastomer [i'læst m ] elastoplastic [i'læst plæstik] elasto-viscoplasticelectrical resistance strain gage element ['elim nt] n. 散度，分歧，分离n. 辉绿岩，粗粒玄武岩n. 白云石，石灰石n. 阻力n. 小滴；微滴adj. 韧性的，柔软的n. 韧性杜哈美积分假电阻；仿真电阻负载循环；工作周期n. 沟；渠；堤坝n. 动力学；力学；动态动态裂纹扩展运土的n. 离心；偏心率adj. 弹性的弹性极限理想弹塑性弹塑性的弹性波n. 弹性弹性矩阵n. 弹性体n. 弹塑性弹粘塑性的电阻应变计n. 构件，要素，成分elongate ['i:l ɔŋgeit]vt. & vi. 拉长;伸长;延长elongation [,i:l ɔŋ'geiʃən] n.伸长，延长embossing [im'b ɔ:s]vt. 压纹；模压加工emulsion [i'mʌlʃən]n.乳胶液；感光乳剂encapsulation [in,kæpsju'lei ʃən]n.包装；封装energy release rate 能量释放率engine block 发动机缸体engineering shear strainepoxy [ep'ɔksi]n.工程剪应变环氧树脂equation of continuity 连续性方程equation of stateequilibrium [,i:kwi'libri əm]n.状态方程平衡，均衡equilibrium equation 平衡方程equivalent nodal force 等效节点力error estimationesthetics [es'θetiks]n.误差估计美学etch [etʃ]vt.蚀刻ethanol ['eθə.nɔl, 'eθə.nəul]n.乙醇Euler-Lagrange equationexcavation [,eksk ə'veiʃən]n.欧拉－拉格朗日方程挖掘；发掘excitation [ek's ait ətiv]n.激励exigency [ek's id ʒənsi]n.紧急experimental stress analysis 实验应力分析explicit algorithmextensometer [,eksten's ɔmitə]n.显式算法伸长计；引伸计external force 外力externally statically determinate 外部静定extreme position 极端位置Ffailure ['feilj ]fallacious [f 'leiʃ s] fashion ['fæʃn]fatigue [f 'ti:g]fatigue curvefatigue failurefault [fɔ:lt]felt padferroelectric [,fer ui'lektrik] fiber reinforced composite fibrous ['f aibr s]finite elementfinite difference methodfixed-endflange [flænd ʒ]flexible ['fleks bl] adj. flexure ['flek ʃ]flow [fl u]fluidics ['f lu:idiks]fluid couplingfluid mechanicsflux [fl ʌks]foil strain gaugefolded plateforce [fɔ:s]n. 破坏，失效adj. 谬误的；不合理的vt. 制造，使成形n. 时尚n. 疲劳vi.&vt. （使）疲劳疲劳曲线疲劳破坏n. 断层毛毡坐垫adj. 铁电的纤维增强复合材料adj. 纤维的有限单元有限差分法固定端n. 凸缘；边缘；轮缘柔度的，可弯曲的，柔韧的n. 弯曲，曲率，挠度vi. 流动n. 应用流体学；射流技术液力联轴节流体力学n. 流量；熔化箔氏应变计褶皱板n. 力; 力量forced vibration formula ['fɔ:mjulə] formulate ['fɔ:mjuleit] forward difference fracture ['frækt ʃə]fracture mechanics fracture toughness frame [freim]free-cutting alloyfree vibration frequency of v ibration friction forcefringe [frind ʒ] fragment ['frægm ənt] functional ['fʌŋkʃənəl]Ggage factorgas turbine engine geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] gigahertz [ˈɡiɡəhə:ts] gradient ['g reidi ənt] grain [grein] granite ['grænit] graphite ['græfait] grid [grid]Griffith‘s problem gusset ['gʌsit]强迫振动n. 公式vt. 公式化，用公式描述向前差分n. 断裂vi.&vt. （使）断裂断裂力学断裂韧性n. 框架易切削合金自由振动振动频率摩擦力n. 条纹n. 碎片；破碎n. 泛函应变灵敏度系数汽轮机n. 地质学，地质情况n. 十亿赫兹, 千兆赫n. 梯度，倾斜度n. 晶粒n. 花岗岩，花岗石n. 石墨n. 格子Griffith 问题n. 角板；三角形衬料gust [gʌst]n. 阵风Hhanger ['hæŋə ] n. 挂钩, 悬挂物hardening characteristichardening rulehardness ['hɑ:dnis]harmonic [hɑ:'mɔnik]harmonic forceharmonic motionharness ['hɑ:nis]headway ['h edwei]heat conduction equation heterodyning ['h et ərəu,dainiŋ] heterogeneity [,hetərodʒi'ni:iti] heterostructure [het ərəu'strʌktʃə(r)] heuristic [hju ə'r istik]hierarchical [,haiə'rɑ:kikl] hierarchicalorganizationhigh-cycle fatiguehigh-frequency componenthigh-strengthholder ['həuldə]holography [həu'lɔgrəfi]holy grailhomogeneous [,homə'dʒinɪəs]homogeneous equationHooke's law硬化特性强化准则，强化定律n. 硬度，硬性adj. 简谐的谐力简谐振动n. 马具；管理；控制n. 前进；航行速度热传导方程n. 外差作用n. 非均匀性n. 异质结构adj. 启发式的；探索的adj. 按等级划分的分层结构高周疲劳高频分量高强度n. 固定器；支架n. 全息照相技术圣杯；圣盘adj. 同质的, 均匀的, 齐次的n. 谐波其次方程胡克定律hostile environment hydrodynamics ['haidr udai'næmiks] hydrostatic pressurehysteresis [,hist 'ri:sis] hysteresis loopIideal gasidentity matrixigneous ['i gni s]imaginary partimaging methodimplicit algorithmimpregnate [im'p regneit]impress [im'p res]impulse-response function inasmuch [in z'mʌtʃ] incompressible fluid indeterminate [,indi't :minit] indeterminate structure indiscriminately [indi's kriminitli] inertia [in' :ʃi , in' :ʃ ] infinitesimal [,infini'tesim l] initial displacementinitial residual stressinitial velocityinitial yield surfaceinorganic ['in ɔ:'gænik]恶劣环境n. 水动力学静水压力n. 滞后（现象），滞后作用迟滞环；滞后回线理想气体单位矩阵adj. 火成的；火的虚部成像法隐式算法vt. 注入,使充满；adj. 充满的n. 印象；特征；传送vi. 印象；传送脉冲响应函数adv. 由于；因为不可压缩流体adj. 不确定的, 超静定的超静定结构adv. 无差别；任意地n. 惯性adj. 无限小的初始位移初始残余应力初始速度初始屈服面adj. 无机的；非自然生长的in-planeI-shaped steelinstability [,inst 'b iliti]insulating backingintegral ['i ntigr l]integral equationintegration [,inti'grei ʃ n] interferometry [,ɪnt f 'rɔmɪt ] interior cycleinternal forceinternal variableinternally statically indeterminaten interpolation function interdisciplinary [,int :'d isiplin ri] invariant [in'v ɛ ri nt] irreducible formulation面内工字钢n. 不稳定绝缘基n. 积分；整数积分方程n. 积分n. 干涉测量法内循环内力内变量内部静定插值函数adj. 学科间的；学科交叉的n. 不变量; adj. 无变化的，不变的不可约型公式isothermal ['aisu'θ:m l] adj. 等温的n. 等温线isotropic [,ais 'trɔpik] isotropic hardening isotropy [ai'sɔtr pi] iterative ['it r tiv]Jjaw [dʒɔː]jelly ['dʒeli]J integraljoint [dʒɔint]adj. 各向同性的各项同性强化n. 各向同性adj. 迭代的n. 虎钳n. 胶状物J 积分n. 节理Kkinematic hardening kinematics [,kin ə'mætiks] kinetic energykinetic frictionLLagrangian [lə'grɑ:ndʒiən] Lagrange methodLagrange multiplierLame constantslamina ['læm ənə]laminar ['læmin ə] laminate ['læmineit] lamination [,læmi'nei ʃən] landslide ['lændslaid] Laplace operatorlarge-scale parallel computing lateral forcelattice ['lætis]layer ['lei ə]least energy dissipation principle lifetime ['l aiftaim]linear elastic fracture m echanics linear interpolation linearized theorylipid ['l ipid]liquid crystallithological [li'θɔ lədʒikəl ]运动强化n. 运动学；动力学动能动摩擦adj. 拉格朗日的拉格朗日方法拉格朗日乘子拉梅常数n. 薄板；薄片adj. 层流n. 薄板；层压板；层板n. 制成薄板；薄板；层状体n. 滑坡拉普拉斯算符大规模并行计算横向力n. 格子；点阵n. 层最小能量耗散原理n. 寿命线性弹性断裂力学线性插值线性化理论n. 脂质；油脂液晶adj. 岩性的，岩石的Lode parameter longevity [l ɔn'dʒeviti]Lode 参数n. 长寿；寿命longitudinal ['lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl]adj. 纵向的，经度的longitudinal shear (or antiplane) mode of cracking 裂纹纵向剪切（反对称）模式longitudinal strainlow-carbon steellow-cycle fatiguelowly ['ləuli]Mmachinability [məʃi:nə'b iliti] macro-mechanics macroscopic crackmagnetic dotmagnesium ['mæg'ni: ʃiəm] mandrel ['mændr əl] martensite ['mɑ:tən,zait] martensitic transformation masonry ['meisnri]mass-spring-damper system material derivative mathematical statementmatrix ['m eitriks]matrices [ 复数] ['m eitrisi:z] mean free pathmeasurable ['me ʒərəbəl] mechanics [mi'kæniks] mechanics of fluids纵向应变低碳钢低周疲劳adj. 贫贱的；地位低下的n. 可切削性；机械加工性宏观力学宏观裂纹磁点n. 镁n. 心轴；拉延n. 马氏体马氏体转变n. 石造建筑；石造工程质量－弹簧－阻尼系统物质导数数学表达式，数学描述n. 矩阵;基体（材料）平均自由程adj. 可测量的n. 力学流体力学mechanistic [,mek ə'nistik] member ['memb ə] meso-mechanics mesostructure adj. 机械学的；机械的n. 构件细观力学n. 细观结构；中构造metallurgical [,met ə'lə:dʒikl] metal formingmetamorphic [,met ə'mɔ:fik] method of weigted residual micelle [mai'sel] microcavitation adj. 冶金的金属成型adj. 变性的；变质的加权残值法n. 微团；胶束n. 微空隙microcrack ['maikr əukræk, 'maikr əu.kræk] n. 微裂纹micro-electro-mechanical micro-mechanics microscopic ['maikr ə'skɔpik] microvoid [,maikr əu'vɔid] military engineeringmining ['m ainiŋ]mis-foldingmixed formulation微机电的微观力学adj. 显微的，微观的n. 微孔军事工程学n. 采矿；矿业错折叠混合型公式mnemonic [ni:'m ɔnik]adj. 记忆的n. 记忆方法modal analysismodality [məu'dæliti] modulus ['mɔdjuləs]；moduli [ 复数] ['mɔdʒə,lai] modulus of elasticity modulus of volume expansion Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion模态分析n. 样式；形式；形态n. 模量，系数弹性模量体积膨胀模量摩尔－哥伦布破坏准则moire [mwɑ:]moire i nterferometry molecular dynamics (MD) moment of inertia momentum [məu'ment əm] monolithic [,mɔnə'liθik] monotonic [mɔnəu'tɔnik] Monte Carlo (MC)mount [maunt]mud [mʌd]Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) multiphase flowmultiplier ['mʌltəplai ə] multi-scalemyriad ['miri əd]Nnanocomposite nanofabrication nanoholenano-mechanics nanoscale nanostructurenanowirenatural frequencynatural variational principle Navier‘s equation necessaryconditionn. 云纹云纹干涉法分子动力学惯性矩n. 动量，冲量adj. 独石的；单体的；整体的adj. 单调的；单斜晶体的蒙特卡罗vt. 安装n. 泥；泥浆多体动力学多相流n. 乘数多尺度n. 无数；极大数量adj. 无数的；极大数量的n. 纳米复合材料n. 纳米加工n. 纳米空洞纳米力学n. 纳米尺度n. 纳米结构n. 纳米线固有频率自然变分原理纳维方程必要条件necking zoneNeumann conditionneutral axisNewtonian fluidNewton's first lawNewton's second lawnitrocellulose ['n aitr u'seljul us]nodal displacement nondimensional ['nɔndi'men ʃ n l]nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔm 'dʒi:nj s] nonlinearity [,nɔnlini'æriti]normal forcenotwithstand [,nɔtwiθ'stændiŋ] numerator ['nu:m ,reɪt , 'nju:-]non-cyclic load nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔm 'dʒi:nj s] nonstationary ['nɔn'stei ʃ n ri] nondestructive evaluation nonviscousnon-Newtonian fluidOobjective functionoblique [ b'l i:k]offshore structureoff-latticeoff-roadopening mode of cracking紧缩区域纽曼条件中性轴牛顿流体牛顿第一定律牛顿第二定律n. 硝化纤维素节点位移n. 无量纲adj. 无量纲（的）adj. 非均质的；非齐次的；多相的n. 非线性法向力prep.尽管；虽然n. 分子非循环载荷adj. 非均匀的adj. 不稳定的；非定常的无损评价adj. 非粘性，无粘性非牛顿流体目标函数adj. 斜的；倾斜离岸结构非格子越野的裂纹张开模式operator ['ɔp ,reit ] optimization [,ɔptimai'zei ʃ n] optimize ['ɔptimaiz] optimum ['ɔptim m] ordinary integralordinary di fferential equation organic [ɔ:'gænik] orthotropic [, ɔ:θ 'trɔpik] oscillation [, ɔsi'lei ʃ n] ostensibly [ɔs'tens bli]out-of-planeout-of-planeoutperform [,autp 'fɔ:m] overstress [' uv 'stres, . uv 's tres] oxidize ['ɔksi,daiz]Pparadigm ['pær daim]partial differential equation particular integralparticulate [p 't ikjulit] particulate-reinforcedcomposite pendulum ['pendjul m] period of vibration permanent deformation perseverance [,p :si'vi r ns] phase [feiz]phase anglen. 算符n. 优化vt.&vi. 优化adj. 最优的寻常积分常微分方程adj. 有机的；有机物质adj. 正交的n. 振荡adv. 表面上地；外表上地n. 面外面外vt. 优于；超额完成n. 过应力vt.& vi. （使）氧化n. 范例偏微分方程特积分；特解adj. 微粒的颗粒增强复合材料n. 单摆，摆锤振动周期永久变形n. 不屈不挠；毅力n. 相相位角phenolics [fi'n ɔliks] photoelastic [fəutəui'læstik] photoelastic coating photoelastic stress analysis piezoelectric [pai,i:z əui'lektrik] pile [pail]pinned endpin jointpiston ['p ist ən]pitch [pit ʃ]pixelateplane-strainplane stressplastic ['plæstik]plastic flowplastic waveplasticity [plæs'tisiti] ploughman ['plaum ən] pneumatic [nju:'mætik] Poisson effectPoisson‘s ratiopolar coordinatepolarize ['pəulə,raiz] polycrysta l ine [pɔli'krist əlain] polymer ['pɔlimə]post [pəust]posteriori error estimation potential energyn. 酚醛树脂adj. 光弹性的光弹性涂层光弹性应力分析adj. 压电的n. 柱，桩，堆销轴支承铰接；关节接头n. 活塞n. 沥青vt. 使...像素化；将...分解成像素平面应变平面应力adj. 塑性的塑性流动塑性波n. 塑性n. 庄稼汉adj. 气动的；充气的伯松效应泊松比极坐标vi.&vt. （使）极化n. 多晶体n. 聚合物n. 柱后验误差估计势能predate [pri:'d eit] vt. 在日期上早于prestrain [pri:'strein] n. 预应变primary structure 主要结构primary unknowns 主要未知量principal material axis 材料主轴principal stress 主应力printed circuit technique 印刷电路技术product乘积proliferation [pr ,lif 'reiʃn] n. 增殖；扩散proportional limit 比例极限protein folding 蛋白质折叠pseudo-stochastic 伪随机的pulsating load 脉动载荷pulse excitation 脉冲激励pump [pʌmp]n. 泵punch [pʌntʃ]vt. 钻孔pure shear 纯剪切Qquadratic [kw 'drætik] adj. 二次的quadratic functional 二次泛函quantum mechanics 量子力学quasi-static 准静态，拟静态Rrate-dependednt 率相关的rateofdilation 膨胀率Rayleigh wave 瑞利波reaction [ri'æk ʃn] n. 支反力reactor pipingred blood cellredundant constraintreference axisreinforced concretereliability [ri,lai ə'biliti]reloading [ri:'l əudiŋ]rendition [ren'di ʃə n]repertoire ['repətwɑ:] Representative Volume Element (RVE) reservoir ['rezəvwɑ:]residual thermal stressresinous ['r ezin əs]resin-coatedresonance ['rezənənt]response [ri'sp ɔns]resultant [ri'z ʌltənt]resultant momentumretool [ri:'t u:l]reversible [ri'və:səbl]rib [rib]rigid-bodyrigid framerigidity [ri'd ʒiditi]rise timerivet ['rivit]rock foundationrock mechanics反应堆管道红血球多余约束参考坐标系增强混泥土，钢筋混凝土n. 可靠性，可靠度vt.&vi. 重复加载n. 解释；演奏；投降n. 全部节目；全部技能代表性体积单元n. 蓄水库残余热应力adj. 树脂的adj. 树脂涂层的adj. 共振n. 响应，反应，回答adj. 合成的，组合的合力矩vi.&vt. 重组；重新装备adj. 可逆的n. 肋刚体刚架n. 刚度，刚性上升时间n. 铆钉；铆接岩石基岩石力学rosette [r u'z et]rotate [r u't eit]rotation [r u'teiʃ n]round-off errorrubric ['ru:brik]Ssag [sæg]saturated soilscalar ['s keil ]Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) scanning modeScanning Tunneling Microscope second order derivativescouring ['s kau riŋ]seed [si:d]sedimentary [,sedi'ment ri] seismic waveseismological [,saizm 'lɔdʒikl] seismology [saiz'mɔl dʒi]sequel ['s i:kw l]sewage ['s ju:id ʒ]shadow moireshape functionshape m emory alloy ( SM A) shape memory effect ( SM E) shape optimizationshearing strain n. 玫瑰花形物vi. 转动，旋转n. 转动，旋转舍入误差n. 类；标题；红色的n. 弧垂，垂度饱和土n. 数量；标量扫描电子显微镜扫描方式扫描隧道电子显微镜二阶导数n. 擦洗；冲刷vt. 崔云化雨adj. 沉积的；沉淀性的；沉淀作用造成的地震波adj. 地震学上的n. 地震学n. 结局；后果n. 污水，污秽物影栅云纹形状函数形状记忆合金形状记忆效应形状优化剪切应变shearing stress 剪切应力shock spectrum 冲击谱shock wave 冲击波；激波shrinkage 收缩；减少；损耗silicone gel 硅凝胶silly putty 弹性橡胶泥SImetricsystem 国际单位制simply supported beam 简支梁simple truss 简支桁架simultaneous [,saim l't einj s] adj. 同时发生的；同步的simultaneous equation 联立方程single-DOF 单自由度singularity [,siŋgju'læriti] n. 奇异性sintering ['sint ri vi. 烧结ŋ]sinusoidal function 正弦函数siting ['s aitiŋ]n.建设地点sizing optimization 尺寸优化slab [slæb] n.平板；厚板slenderness ['s lend nis] n.细长；细长度sliding ['slaidiŋ]n.滑移slip [slip] n.滑移slip plane 滑移面soil foundation 土基础soil mechanics 土力学solder ['sɔld ] n.焊接剂；接合剂solid mechanics 固体力学specified displacement 给定位移specified surface traction 给定面力speckle interferometry spring constantspring-supportedstability [st ə'b iliti] stainless steelstatical indeterminancy static equilibriumstatic fatiguestatic frictionstatics ['stætiks] stationarity [stei ʃə'næriti] stationary ['steiʃənəri] steady-statesteel-framedstep excitation散斑干涉法弹簧常数弹簧支撑n. 稳定，稳定性不锈钢静不定静力平衡静态疲劳静摩擦n. 静力学n. 稳定性；稳态adj. 稳定的；不动的稳态钢架阶跃激励stereological [sti əri'ɔlədʒi, ster ə'ɔlədʒi]adj. 体视学；立体测量学stereoscopic [,steri əs'kɔpik] stiffen ['s tifn]stiffness ['s tifnis]stocky ['stɔki]strain [stren]strain energystrain gagestrain-induced quantum dot strain rateadj. 有立体感的vt.&vi. 刚化；使坚硬n. 刚度adj. 矮壮的；结实的n. 应变应变能应变计应变诱发量子点应变率strength [streŋθ]n. 强度strength-to-weight ratio 比强度stress [str ɛs]n. 应力stress concentratorstress concentrationstress c orrosion crackingstress distributionstress gradientstress-induced martensite (SIM) stress intensity factorstress-matrixstress ratiostress-strain diagramstress tensorstress wavestretch [stret ʃ]strike [straik]structural optimization structural steelsub-disciplinesubdomainsubmicron ['sʌb'maikrɔn]substrate ['sʌbstreit] sufficient conditionsuper-hydrophobic superelasticity应力集中点应力集中应力腐蚀起裂应力分布应力梯度应力诱发马氏体应力强度因子应力矩阵应力比应力应变图应力张量应力波vt. & vi. 伸展，拉紧，.延伸vi. 走向结构优化结构钢分支学科n. 子域n. 亚微细米；亚微细粒adj. 表面活性剂的n. 基片；基底充分条件超蔬水n. 超弹性superposition [ˌsju:p p support [s 'pɔ:t] surface force ˈsurface traction ziʃ n] n. 叠加，重叠，叠合n. 支撑表面力表面力surfactant [s :'fækt nt] symmetric [si'm etrik]Ttangent matrixTaylor series expansionT-beamtectonophysics [,tekt n u'f iziks] tensile stresstensile strengthtensile-testing machinetensile test specimentension ['tenʃ n]tensor ['t ens ]tensor-transformation theoretical and applied mechanics thermal camerathermal expansion coefficient thermal stressthermo-fatigue n. 表面活性剂adj. 对称的切线矩阵泰勒级数展开T 型梁n. 构造物理学, 地壳构造物理学拉应力拉伸强度拉伸试验机拉伸试样n. 张量，张力，拉力n. 张量张量转换理论与应用力学热感照相机热膨胀系数热应力热疲劳thermography [θ :'mɔgr fi] n. 温度记录法；热熔印刷thermomechanics [θ :m umi'kæniks] thermosetting resin n. 热力学热固性树脂thrust [θrʌ st] vt.&vi. 抛掷tillage ['tilid ʒ] time derivative time lag n. 耕种，耕作时间导数时间滞后titanium [tai't eini m] n. 钛tolerating straintomographic [təu'mɔgrəfi] topography [tə'pɔgrəfi]topology optimizationtrade-offtransducer [træns'dju:s ə]transient termtransport equationTransmission Electron Microscope (TEM) transverse shear mode of cracking transversely isotropicTresca yield criteriontrial and errortrial functiontriaxiality [traiæksi'æliti]triclinic [trai'k linik]true stresstruncation errortruss [trʌs]turbulent flowtunable ['tju:n əbl]turbulent ['tə:bjul ənt]twinned boundarytwo-span beamUubiquitous [ju:'bikwit əs]ultimate tensile strengthultrasonics [,ʌltrə'sɔniks]容许应变n. X 线断层摄影术；X 线体层照相术n. 地质，地形学拓扑优化n. 权衡；取舍n. 传感器暂时项；衰减项输运方程；迁移方程透射电子显微镜裂纹横向剪切模式横观各向同性特雷斯加屈服准则试错试函数n. 三轴；三维adj. 三斜晶系的真实应力截断误差n. 桁架湍流流动adj. 可调谐的adj. 湍流的孪生边界双跨梁adj. 到处存在的最大拉伸强度n. 超声波, 超声学unbalance ['ʌn'bæl ns] unconditionally stable undamped [ʌn'dæmpt] uniaxial strainuniaxial stressuniaxial tensionunit impulseunload ['ʌn'l ud]upwind schemeVvacuum deposition technique variable ['vɛ ri bl]variational principlevector ['vekt ]vibration [vai'b rei ʃ n] vibratory ['vaibr t ri] Vierendeel trussvirtual designvisco-elasticviscoelastic wave viscoelasticity ['visk uilæs'tisiti] visco-plasticviscoplastic potentialviscosity [vis'k ɔsiti] viscosity coefficientviscous ['visk s]viscous dampingn. 不平衡无条件稳定的adj. 无阻尼的单轴应变单轴应力单轴拉伸单位脉冲vt.&vt. 卸载迎风格式真空淀积技术n. 变量adj. 可变的变分原理n. 矢量；向量n. 振动，震动adj. 振动的空腹桁架；弗伦第尔桁架虚拟设计粘弹性的粘弹性波n. 粘弹性粘塑性的粘塑性势n. 粘性粘性系数adj. 粘性的粘性阻尼。
《振动力学——研究性教程》评介
如固有振型节点数目和反共振机理；也有若干独创 性的新见解，如杆和梁的对偶分析、杆和梁与刚体壁 的碰撞冲击、对称结构的重频模态特征等。这给学生 的研究型学习做出了示范。学习需要独立思考，教材 和文献上的内容未必完全正确；创新要在掌握已有 知识基础上进行，并非是罔顾他人工作的异想天开。
该书也体现了工程和科学的统一。开篇作者基 于自己长期从事研究工作的经验和体会，从绳系卫 星初步论证、汽车液压与弹性隔振、结构动力消振、 太阳能帆板瞬态响应等实际工程问题中，提炼出连 续系统离散化条件、自由度退化振动系统的缩并与 分析、固有振型节点数目、波动和冲击响应的模态分 析等科学问题。后面5章分析这些科学问题，发展 相应的理论和方法，并指导工程问题的解决。这种工 程与科学的密切关系，体现了力学既是基础科学又 是技术科学的独特魅力。
70-72 6胡海岩.力学教育的几个问题及其对策.力学与实践，2020,
42(5): 598-602 Hu Haiyan. Some problems and their solutions in mechanics education. Mechanics in Engineering, 2020, 42(5): 598-602 (in Chinese) 7胡海岩.论工程科学的美学教育.南京航空航天大学学报(社会 科学版),1999(2): 71-74 8胡海岩.对振动学及其发展的美学思考.振动工程学报，2000, 13(2)： 161-169
该书共分7章，另加一个附录。前两章为准备 性工作。第一章从6个研究案例中提炼出12个科 学问题。第二章从科学美的角度归纳总结振动力学
简谐振动;简谐激励
Mechanics of Vibration
大桥振动破坏
1940年，美国华盛顿州 Tacoma大桥 悬索桥结构，中央跨距为853m
Mechanics of Vibration
Tacoma大桥遭风塌毁的原因 ：
Mechanics of Vibration
实验表明：振动频率在 4~8Hz 时，人体将处于垂直方向振动 的 共 振 状 态 ， 胸 、 心 脏 不 适 。 1 0 ~ 1 2 Hz 时 ， 腹 部 共 振 。 0.1~0.3Hz时，头晕。
保守系统的拉格朗日方程为：
d T j dt q T U 0, q q j j j 1,2, , n
拉格朗日函数：
L T U
以拉格朗日函数表示的，保守系统的拉格朗日方程为：
d L j dt q L 0, q j j 1,2,, n
Mechanics of Vibration
楼房的抗震
Mechanics of Vibration
汽车的振动控制
Mechanics of Vibration
四、振动问题的提法
系统：通常的研究对象；
它可以是一个零部件、一台机器或者一个完整的工程结构等。
激励（输入）：外部激振力等因素； 响应（输出）：系统发生的振动；
从能量观点出发，将系统中的动能、势能和功等物 理量表达为自由度坐标及其导数的函数，从动力学普 遍方程推到出来。
对于具有完整约束的质点系，拉格朗日方程为：
d T j dt q T Qj , q j j 1,2, , n
T 为系统的 式中，q j 为系统中的第j个广义坐标（自由度坐标）： Q j为作用于系统的所有主动力关于广义坐标q j的广义力， 动能， 可用虚功求出。
力学名词英语翻译
力学名词英语翻译力学名词英语翻译力学名词英语翻译力学mechanics 牛顿力学newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] lagrangian拉格朗日括号lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] hamiltonian哈密顿函数hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程hamilton-jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程appell equation劳斯方程routh equation拉格朗日函数lagrangian function诺特定理noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程duffing equation希尔方程hill equationkbm方法kbm method, krylov-bogoliu-bov-mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式dunkerley formula瑞利定理rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencywkb方法wkb method, wentzel-kramers-brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律darcy law赫尔-肖流hele-shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流ekman flow埃克曼边界层ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数ekman number罗斯贝数rossby unmber罗斯贝波rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流stokes flow羽流plume理查森数richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型voigt-kelvin model宾厄姆模型bingham model奥伊洛特模型oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数deborah number魏森贝格数weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] poiseuille-hartman flow哈特曼数hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, mhd磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流bingham plastic flow开尔文体kelvin body沃伊特体voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand 流动阈值fluid threshold力学名词英语翻译相关内容:。
球面摆的运动方程_数值模拟和实验验证
球面摆的运动方程_数值模拟和实验验证第25卷第7期2019年7月大学物理 COL L EGE PHYSICS Vol. 25N o. 7July. 2019大学生园地球面摆的运动方程、数值模拟和实验验证何广源, 黄本(中山大学物理系, 广东广州 510275)摘要:讨论了球面摆的运动方程, 分析了摆球运动的周期性. 通过数值模拟和实验证实了摆球在e H 方向的运动具有周期性.关键词:球面摆的运动方程; 运动周期; 数值模拟; 实验验证中图分类号:O 441 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0712(2019) 07-0046-04对于单摆问题, 绝大多数教科书中都是假设摆球只在一个平面上摆动. 而在一般情况下单摆的摆动并非被约束在某一个平面上, 而是会偏离原来的摆动平面, 即摆球是在一个球面上摆动, 我们称之为球面摆. 在国内, 讨论球面摆的文章不多, 而通过实验观察球面摆运动轨迹的文章更是鲜见. 本文讨论了球面摆的运动方程和运动周期, 并通过实验观察球面摆的运动轨迹, 重点分析摆球的周期性.图1 球面摆示意图1 理论推导1. 1 摆球的运动方程考虑一个球面摆, 摆绳为一根长度为l 、不可伸长的柔软细绳, 故l =0. 摆球直径足够小, 因而可视其为质点, 忽略空气阻力及其他摩擦力. 在摆球运动过程中, 摆绳始终绷直. 以绳的悬点为球心, 建立球坐标, 如图1. 由摆球的受力及牛顿定律可得微分方程:e U 方向:(sin H ) &U +(2cos H ) H ÛU =0e H 方向:(s in H cos H ) ÛU -H =sin Hl2####42sin H =C cos H (4) l摆球在竖直方向的角动量守恒, 分析可知积分常数C 为一个与小球竖直方向角动量有关的量, 且有(sin H ) H +3##C =v 0sin H 0l(5)(1) (2)对式(4) 积分一次, 可得摆球在e H 方向运动方程的相轨线方程:#22H =cos H -+C E 2l 2sin 2H(6)其中g 为重力加速度, 0[H1. 2 摆球在e H 方向的运动方程、相轨线和运动周期不失一般性, 设初始时刻摆球在e H 方向的摆角为H 0, e U 方向的位置为U 0=0, 初速度v 0沿e U 方向. 由式(1) 积分可得ÛU =在e H 方向的运动方程:收稿日期:2019-06-08; 修回日期:2019-01-23由于整个系统机械能守恒, 分析可知积分常数C E 与系统的总能量有关, 故有v 2g cos H 00C E =-l 2l(7)式(6) 右方是关于H 的函数, 记为f (H ). 由式(6) 可以看出, 只要在区间0[H摆球在e H 方向运动方程的相轨线是简单的闭合曲线, 即摆球在e H 方向的运动方程具有周期性. 再对式(6) 积分, 可得摆球在e H 方向的运动周期为sin H(3)其中, C 为积分常数. 将式(3) 代入式(2) , 可得摆球() ) , 男, , 03第7期何广源等:球面摆的运动方程、数值模拟和实验验证 47T H =2QHH maxminC E cos H -2+2C E l sin Hd H (8)所示. 由图3可见, 相轨线为一条闭合曲线, 说明摆球在e H 方向的运动具有周期性, 由图4也可以得到周期为T c H =0171s, 与数值计算相符.其中C 、C E 分别由式(5) 和式(7) 给出. 由式(8) 可知, 对于给定的长度为l 的摆绳, 摆球在e H 方向运动的周期还决定于摆球的初始摆角H 0和初速度v 0, 这是非线性振动的特点. 1. 3 摆球在e U 方向的运动将式(3) 对时间积分, 并联系式(6) , 可得摆球在e U 方向运动的积分表达式:U =d H 2sin H cos H -+2C E l sin H(9)图2 球面摆轨迹的模拟若摆球在e H 方向运动一个周期, 则在e U 方向的移动量为H max$UT =2d H 2H sin H min cos H -+2C E l sin HQ(10)由摆球在e H 方向的运动具有周期性和式(3) 可知, ÛU 也具有周期性, 且周期为T H . 1. 4 摆球运动的周期性讨论记C =2P /$UT , 若C 为有理数, 并记C =p /q 为其最简约分式(p , q I N ) , 则摆球运动的轨迹是一条闭合曲线, 摆球的运动具有周期性, 且周期为T =p T H若C 为无理数, 则摆球的运动轨迹是不闭合的, 摆球的运动没有周期性或周期为无穷大.C 的值由初始条件决定, 只要初始条件有所改变, C 就可能由有理数变为无理数, 或由无理数变为有理数. 因此, 摆球运动的周期性对初始条件是十分敏感的, 也就是说, 摆球运动的周期性是不稳定的, 很容易受到外界的影响.图4 摆球在e H 方向运动的模拟图3 摆球在e H 方向运动的相轨2 摆球运动过程的数值模拟把式(1) 和(2) 写成:U =(-2cot H &) H ÛU H =(sin H cos H ) ÛU 2-####sin H l在m athematica 软件中, 以l =4913cm , U U 0=0=0, Û3139rad/s, H 0=01191rad, H 0=0为初始条件, 运用欧拉算法对方程进行数值模拟, 可得到摆球运动的水平投影之轨迹、e H 方向运动的相轨线图像、e H 方向和U , 24图5 摆球在e U 方向的运动模拟48大学物理第25卷3 实验验证3. 1 实验装置实验装置如图6所示.图7球面摆水平投影的轨迹图6 实验装置3. 2 实验原理单摆在预定高度自由下落, 并在最低点与球面摆碰撞. 因为两摆球质量相同, 所以两摆球碰撞后交换速度, 由此可以确定球面摆摆球的初始速度. 通过调整两摆球定位器的位置, 可以调节球面摆的位置, 使摆球初速度v 0的方向与e U 方向相同, 并使两摆球刚好发生正碰. 用摄像头拍下球面摆摆球的运动过程以供分析.3. 3 实验记录摆球参数记录如表1所示.表1 摆球参数记录表摆球质量/g 摆球直径/cm 摆绳长/cm球面摆单摆15151516212042120248125818初摆角/rad 0118601131图8 摆球在e H 方向的运动摄像头软件参数设置:帖率为10. 00帖/s; 输出大小为320@240.由以上数据得球面摆初始数据:l =4913cm, U 0=0, ÛU 0=3139rad/s, H 0=01191rad, H 0=0(与数值模拟的初始数据相同) . 3. 4 实验结果与分析利用Windows Media Player 逐帖播放拍下的文件, 同时把图像屏幕捉取到Photoshop 中, 得到摆球位置的数据. 把数据输入Matlab 软件, 作图得到图7. 由图可见, 球面摆摆球运动的水平投影之轨迹像缓慢旋转的椭圆轨迹. 由摆球的位置数据及悬挂点的位置, 分析可得摆球在e H 方向和e U 方向的运动图像, 如图8和图9所示.#图9 摆球在e U 方向的运动图8为摆球在e H 方向的运动图像, 由图可见, e H 方向的运动具有周期性, 周期为T H =s=0175s 24在式(8) 中代入数据并作数值积分得T c H =0171s. 实验值的相对误差为E T =|T H -T c H |=517%T c H8第7期何广源等:球面摆的运动方程、数值模拟和实验验证 49于摄像头的光学透镜的不对称引起的, 而曲线的整体下降则是存在空气阻尼所引起的. 图9为摆球在e U 方向的运动图像, 分析可知, 摆球在e H 方向运动一个周期(T H =0175s) 时, 在e U 方向移动量的平均值为$UT =3116rad在式(10) 中代入数据并进行数值积分得$Uc =3117rad T 实验值的相对误差为|$UT -$Uc T |E $U==014%T T始运动时, 会与其定位器产生摩擦, 使摆球的初速度比预设值小, 从而导致其周期比预计值偏大.5 结论球面摆的运动是非线性的二维摆动. 我们从理论和实验上均得到结论:球面摆的摆球在e H 方向的运动具有周期性, 但是, 摆球的二维运动不一定具有周期性. 仅在C 为有理数的条件下, 摆球的二维运动才具有周期性. 而且由于球面摆很容易受到外部干扰, C 值很不稳定, 其值会不断在有理数和无理数之间变化, 使得摆球的周期性很不稳定.4 理论计算、数值模拟与实验结果的比较实验得到的摆球的轨迹(图7) 与数值模拟得到的轨迹(图2) 形状相同, 在e H 方向运动的图像(图4与图8) 也基本相符. 而实验得到的e H 方向的运动周期与理论计算得到的结果也较为接近. 说明球面摆摆球的运动与式(1) 和式(2) 所描述的运动相符合. 实验得到的摆球在e H 方向的周期与计算值的相对误差为E T =517%, 之所以出现这么大的误差, 主要原因是球面摆的摆球与单摆的摆球碰撞后, 在刚开参考文献:[1] 陆同兴. 非线性物理概论[M ]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2002.[2] 莫克威. 偏摆对单摆振动周期的影响[J].物理实验,1996, 16(4) :189.[3] 赵凯华, 罗蔚茵. 新概念物理教程:力学[M ].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000.[4] 向裕民. 摆球的二维摆动[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2000, 23(6) :49~52.[5] 潘武明. 牛顿动力学方程的数值解法[J]. 高等函授学报, 2002, 15(1) :22~23.The equation of motion, numerical calculation and experiment fortwo -dimensional vibrationHE Guang -yuan, HUANG Na-i ben(Department of P hysics, Sun Yat -sen U niversity, Guangzhou 510275, China)Abstract :T he equation of motion for a spherical surface v ibration is studied, and the period is analysed. T he period of the e H direction motionof the vibration is also verified by numerical calculation and experiment. Key words :equation of motion for the spherical surface v ibration; periodicity of motion; numerical calculat -ing ; experiment(上接21页)Thermal equilibrium of system with negative heat capacityYANG Xiao -rong 1, GUAN Jing 2(1. Science College of T ibet U niversity, Lhasa 850000, China;2. Department of PhySics, Beijing Normal U niversit y, Beijing 100875, China)Abstract:M aking a postil for instability of system w ith neg ative heat capacity, for ex ample black hole, mentioned in /Mechanics of new concept physics 0and /Heat of new concept physics 0.Key words:black hole; system w ith negative heat capacity; stable thermal equilibrium。
1∶1内共振对随机振动系统可靠性的影响
1∶1内共振对随机振动系统可靠性的影响王浩宇;吴勇军【摘要】研究了二自由度耦合非线性随机振动系统在高斯白噪声激励下基于首次穿越模型的可靠性问题.在1∶1内共振情形,原始系统的运动方程经平均后化为一组关于慢变量的伊藤随机微分方程.建立了后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程以及庞德辽金方程,在一定的边界条件和(或)初始条件下求解这两个偏微分方程,分别得到系统的条件可靠性函数以及平均首次穿越时间.进而建立了无内共振情形系统的后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程与庞德辽金方程.将无内共振情形的结果与1∶1内共振情形的结果做比较,发现1∶1内共振能显著降低系统可靠性.用蒙特卡罗数值模拟验证了理论结果的有效性.【期刊名称】《力学学报》【年(卷),期】2015(047)005【总页数】7页(P807-813)【关键词】1∶1内共振;平均法;可靠性函数;平均首次穿越时间;数值模拟【作者】王浩宇;吴勇军【作者单位】上海交通大学工程力学系,上海200240;上海交通大学工程力学系,上海200240【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O322;O324结构和机械系统常模型化为多自由度振动系统.由于系统中存在耦合效应，常常会产生内共振[1-2]，从而产生许多显著的动力学现象，如能量传递、能量采集、饱和现象、振动吸收等[3-10].作为一个简单而直观的物理模型，由一个主振子耦合一个质量--弹簧--阻尼系统的模型引起了广泛的关注.根据系统中耦合项的结构，可能存在不同类型的内共振[11-12].如果耦合项是线性的，系统中只可能存在1∶1内共振.如果耦合项是平方非线性的，那么系统中可能存在1∶1或者1∶2内共振.1∶2内共振常常用来产生所谓的饱和现象，这种现象可用来吸收注入主系统的多余能量.如果耦合项是立方非线性的，系统中可能存在3种内共振，即1∶1,1∶2以及3∶1内共振.3∶1内共振已被用于吸收主振子的振动[4].上述的研究都是针对确定性系统展开的.普遍认为，随机激励在工程中是无处不在的.例如大气紊流、地震等[13].迄今为止，已有大量关于随机激励下的单自由度线性或非线性系统的随机响应以及随机稳定性的研究文献.而对于存在内共振的多自由度随机非线性系统，相关的研究较少.文献[14]的作者得到了多自由度拟线性系统在随机力与谐和力共同激励下稳态响应的平均精确解，讨论了内共振以及外共振的情况.之后，他们提出了谐和力与高斯白噪声共同激励下多自由度强非线性拟可积哈密顿系统的随机平均法，研究了内共振与外共振情形平均系统的稳态响应[15].徐伟等[16]应用多尺度法研究了二自由度弱非线性耦合振子在窄带噪声激励下的稳态响应，考虑了1∶2内共振情形，Bergman等[17]研究了随机性对于1∶1内共振俘获情况下能量定向转移(targeted energy transfer)的影响.张雷和吴勇军研究了谐和力与宽带噪声联合激励下耦合二自由度达芬--范德波尔系统在外共振情形的首次穿越问题，未考虑内共振[18].最近，贾万涛和朱位秋提出了高斯白噪声与泊松白噪声联合激励下拟可积哈密顿系统的随机平均法，经过复杂的推导，得到了内共振与非内共振两种情况下系统的平均随机积分--微分方程，进而建立了平均广义福克--普朗克--柯尔莫哥洛夫方程(Fokker--Planck--Kolmogorov，FPK，中文简称：福普柯)方程.求解退化广义福普柯(FPK)方程得到了稳态响应的概率密度[19-20].当研究受随机激励的系统的动态行为时，一个关键的问题是确定系统安全可靠地工作的概率.一般而言，这个动力学可靠性问题可以转化为系统的状态停留在安全域内的概率问题.当响应状态首次离开某个安全域，系统就发生失效，这就是所谓的首次穿越(离出或退出)损坏问题[21].显然，内共振对系统可靠性的影响非常大.迄今为止，对于考虑内共振的可靠性问题，文献中尚未见报道.本文研究了二自由度耦合机械振子的动力学可靠性问题.随机激励模型化为高斯白噪声.推导了1∶1内共振情况下的平均伊藤随机微分方程.建立了后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程以及庞德辽金方程，给出了相应边界条件和初始条件.用数值方法求解这两个偏微分方程得到了系统的条件可靠性函数以及平均首次穿越时间.为了研究内共振对可靠性的影响，建立并求解了无内共振情况的后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程以及庞德辽金方程.将内共振情形的结果与无内共振情形的结果进行了比较.用蒙特卡罗数值模拟对理论结果进行了验证.最后对结果进行了分析并给出了结论.考虑如下耦合的二自由度达芬--范德波尔系统式中，βij,ω0i,αi和ηij均为常数(i=1,2,j=0,1,2).其中βij和ηij为阻尼系数，ω0i 为退化线性系统的固有频率，αi为非线性刚度系数.Wi(t)是强度为2Di的独立高斯白噪声.此处假定βij,ηij及Di为小量.根据文献[18]，系统(1)的解可表示为如下的广义谐和函数形式此处的Ai,Φi和νi均为随机过程，Ai和Φi分别为单个振子的振幅与相位.νi(Ai,Φi)是系统(1)中第i个振子的瞬时频率，其平均频率ωi是振幅Ai的函数，可近似为下面分两种情况推导系统(1)的平均伊藤随机微分方程.1.1 内共振情况考虑1∶1内共振情形，此时存在如下的频率关系式中，ε为正的小参数.引入新的慢变量Γ=Φ1−Φ2.应用平均法[21]，得到如下关于慢变量A1,A2及Γ的平均伊藤随机微分方程漂移系数与扩散系数(i=1,2 j=1,2, k=1,2)的表达式较复杂，可用科技数学软件“Mathematica”推导完成(见附录).1.2 无内共振情况考虑无内共振情形.此时不存在式(4)的频率关系.此种情况下系统(1)的平均方程退化为如下仅关于振幅A1和A2的伊藤随机微分方程此处漂移系数只需将内共振情形的漂移系数中含Γ的项去掉即可.扩散系数与相同. 理论上，系统(1)中每个振子的振幅Ai(t)均可在[0,∞)上变化.在(0,t]时间内，如果每个振子的振幅Ai(t)都小于阈值Aic，则可认为系统是完全可靠的(即可靠性函数为1).相反，只要有一个振子的振幅Ai(t)>Aic，则认为系统发生了首次穿越而损坏.为得到系统可靠性函数满足的偏微分方程，需区分共振与非共振两种情况.2.1 内共振情况在1∶1内共振情形，系统的状态方程由式(5)决定.条件可靠性函数定义为系统的状态停留在安全域内的概率，即显然，条件可靠性函数 R是系统的初始状态(A10,A20,Γ0)以及时间 t的函数，满足如下后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程[21]偏微分方程(8)的初始条件以及边界条件为2.2 无内共振情况此时，系统的状态方程由式(6)决定.类似地，系统的条件可靠性函数可定义为R(t|A10,A20)=与共振情形不同的是，此时系统的条件可靠性函数R为系统的初始状态(A10,A20)以及时间t的函数，满足如下后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程此处，偏微分方程(11)的初始条件以及边界条件为2.3 内共振情况与无内共振情况结果对比后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程(8)与(11)属于高维抛物型偏微分方程，本文采用显式有限差分格式求数值解[22]，用蒙特卡罗数值模拟验证得到的结果.参数选取为：Aic=0.5,ω01=2,βij=0.01,η12=η21=0.3,α1=α2=1,D1=0.03,D2=0.006.为了研究内共振对系统可靠性的影响，ω02分别取1.0, 2.01以及3，其中2.01属于1∶1内共振情况.求解结果如图1，其中实线表示理论结果，黑点表示蒙特卡罗数值模拟结果，可以看到理论结果与数值模拟结果吻合得很好.根据定义式(10)可知，条件可靠性函数反映了系统未发生首次穿越损坏的概率，其值越大说明系统越可靠.随着随机外激不断地作用，系统必然会发生首次穿越损坏.从图1可以看出，初始时刻(t=0)系统的可靠性最大，随着时间的增加其值逐渐趋向于0.表明时间越长，系统可靠性越低，这是符合实际规律的.从模型方程(1)中可知，在没有内共振时，增大ω02提高了第2个弹簧振子的刚度，从而可以提高系统的可靠性，对比ω02=1以及ω02=3两种情况也能得出这一结论.然而对于ω02=2.01的情形，此时系统中存在1∶1内共振.尽管提高了第2个振子的刚度，系统的可靠性反而比ω02=1.0时小.显然，这是由于内共振的产生降低了系统的可靠性.3.1 内共振情况实际情况中也对系统的平均首次穿越时间(平均寿命)感兴趣.显然，平均首次穿越时间µ也是初始状态(A10,A20,Γ0)的函数，由如下庞德辽金方程决定相应的边界条件为3.2 无内共振情况与内共振情况类似，无内共振情况下平均首次穿越时间µ是初始状态(A10,A20)的函数，由如下庞德辽金方程决定相应的边界条件为3.3 内共振情况与无内共振情况结果对比庞德辽金方程(13)与(15)同样也是高维偏微分方程，需要数值求解.利用三点中心差分格式离散，然后利用超松弛迭代法求解，计算中超松弛迭代因子取为1.75，当相邻两次迭代结果之间的绝对误差小于10−5时，迭代结束，此时的解便是庞德辽金方程的解，用蒙特卡罗数值模拟验证得到的结果.图2给出一组结果.实线表示数值结果，黑点表示蒙特卡罗数值模拟结果.可以看到，理论结果与数值模拟结果吻合得很好.在ω02=2.01的情形，此时系统中存在1∶1内共振.从图1可以看出，1∶1内共振显著降低了系统的可靠性，即系统越容易发生首次穿越损坏，相应地其平均首次穿越时间越短.从图2可以看出，内共振的产生明显地缩短了系统平均首次穿越的时间.图3和图4给出了内共振情况与无内共振情况平均首次穿越时间与A10,A20的三维图像，内共振情况下取Γ0=0.可以看到，理论结果与蒙特卡罗数值模拟得到的结果吻合的较好.在普通计算机上，模拟图3(b)耗时约15小时，图4(b)耗时约20小时.而求解偏微分方程(13),(15)仅需几分钟.这也可以看出理论分析方法具有明显的优势.本文研究了二自由度耦合达芬--范德波尔振子在高斯白噪声激励下的动力可靠性问题.以往的文献中未研究内共振的情况.本文分1∶1内共振以及无内共振两种情况进行了讨论.首先将系统运动方程的解表示成广义谐和函数的形式，再利用平均法化为关于慢变量的伊藤随机微分方程，建立了可靠性函数满足的后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程及平均首次穿越时间满足的庞德辽金方程，给出了相应的边界条件和初始条件.用有限差分法求解这两个偏微分方程得到了系统的条件可靠性函数及平均首次穿越时间.理论结果与蒙特卡罗数值模拟结果吻合得很好，证明了本文的理论方法具有较高的精度.通过比较 3种情况下(ω02=1,ω02=2.01, ω02=3)系统的条件可靠性函数及平均首次穿越时间可以看到，当ω02=2.01时，由于系统中存在1∶1内共振，可靠性函数、平均首次穿越时间都比无内共振时小.表明1∶1内共振能降低系统的可靠性，缩短系统的平均首次穿越时间(平均寿命).这个现象提示我们，在实际工程中要尽量避免出现1∶1内共振.需要说明的是，本文仅讨论了1∶1内共振对可靠性的影响.其他形式的内共振(1∶2或1∶3内共振)对可靠性有何影响，尚需进一步研究.此外，本文只讨论了高斯白噪声随机外激励的情况.工程中常常存在周期性激励力.如果系统(1)同时受到周期力及高斯白噪声外激作用，则在理论分析中除了讨论内共振，还需讨论外共振.如果同时存在内外共振，那么后向柯尔莫哥洛夫方程以及庞德辽金方程维数更高，求解将会更困难.这部分工作将在另外的文章中报道.附：平均伊藤随机微分方程(5)的漂移以及扩散系数1)The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China(11272201,11372271,11132007).2)Wu Yongjun,associate professor,research interest:nonlinear stochastic dynamics.E-mail:**************.cn【相关文献】1吴志强,陈世栋,雷娜等.三层结构模型的内共振和组合共振.振动与冲击,2014,33(8):1-3(Wu Zhiqiang,Chen Shidong,LeiNa,et al.Internal and combinational resonances of a three-story structure. 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振动力学Mechanics of Vibration
张亚辉Email: zhangyh@
张辉
Offi h S d 00000
Office: 综合实验楼1号楼505
Office hours: Saturday 10:00am ‐11:00am Meetings by appointment are also available
研究方向☐
结构动力学（土木、机械、航空航天、车辆）☐
复杂结构随机振动及其工程应用☐
大跨度结构抗震☐
结构抗风☐
车辆与桥梁动力相互作用☐
噪声与振动控制
Textbook and optional references
Required textbook
11.张亚辉, 林家浩. 结构动力学基础. 大连理工大学出版社, 2007
Reference textbooks
1.Thomson W T, Dillon D M. Theory of Vibration with Applications. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998
2.Clough R W, Penzien J. Dynamics of Structures (Third Edition).
Computers & Structures Inc., 2003（克拉夫R W等著, 王光远等译. 结构动力学. 科学出版社, 1985, 2006）
3.Meirovitch L. Elements of Vibration Analysis (2nd Edition). McGraw‐
Hill inc.,
inc1986
Course requirements and grading
1Course requirements
1.
Regular attendance 2. Weekly homework assignments
Please note: late homework will not be accepted 3examination 3.
Final components
Grade 1. Attendance 5%
2. Homework 10%
3. Final exam 85%
Vibration? Vib i?
Mechanics
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
1.the science of movement and force
22.
the practical study of machinery 3.the way something works or is done
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Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements,and the subsequent effects of Wikipedia (/wiki/Main_Page)j f p q ff f the bodies on their environment.The discipline has its roots in several ancient civilizations.During the early modern period,scientists such as Galileo,Kepler,and especially Newton,laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.
理论力学（经典力学）
i 物体平衡时作用力所满足的条件
研究对象：刚体、质点系
●静力学（statics ）：物体平衡时作用力所满足的条件平衡的概念，受力分析，力的简化
●运动学（kinematics ）：从几何角度研究物体的运动
位移速度加速度的关系位移、速度、加速度的关系
●动力学（kinetics, dynamics ）：物体的运动与作用力的关系
牛顿第二定律，动量定理，动量矩定理，动能定理，达朗伯原理，虚功原理，拉格朗日方程，达朗伯原虚功原拉格朗日方程
哈密顿正则方程
●振动理论（vibration ）：弹簧质量系统的振动
材料力学
研究对象：变形体，杆状构件（bar, beam）应力（stress），应变（strain）
●拉伸（tension）
●压缩（compression）
●剪切（shear）
●弯曲（bending）
●扭转（torsion）
●强度理论（strength theory）
●压杆稳定（compression buckling）
bar
Vibration
Kinematics
Kinematics is that branch of physics which involves the description of motion,without examining the forces which produce the motion.p
Kinetics (Dynamics)
Dynamics (the nearly synonymous name is kinetics),on the other hand,involves an examination of both a description of motion and the forces which produce it.
Vibration refers to
mechanical oscillations about an ilib i i
Vibration
equilibrium point.
m x
t
h
1t 2
x gt =
k
m
x
t h
ω
ω
ωk k m
kωω
x
h
t y
x x
=-
st
y
ω
所涉及工程领域
振动力学
Vibration Mechanics, Mechanics of Vibration 结构动力学
y y f
Structural Dynamics, Dynamics of Structures
机械工程Mechanical Engineering
土木工程Civil Engineering
航空航天Aeronautics and
Astronautics 船舶工程Ship Engineering
车辆工程Vehicle Engineering
V hi l E i i
工程中典型的动力荷载
环境荷载
地震、风、浪、流、冰机械运转
械转
车辆行驶
爆炸冲击
Earthquake
World’s Largest Earthquake Shake Test in Japan
g q p
Wind
Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge
A bridge across the V olga River in V olgograd, Russia
g g g g
Wind
0502年美国年韩国釜山体育馆屋面破坏
大跨结构破坏
新奥台风
尔良飓05风
年中国台风
输电塔倒塌
桥梁破坏
Ice-induced vibration
水下非接触爆炸
Running vehicle
CRH5一等座车平面图汽车行驶平顺性
飞机座舱
CRH5 等座车平面图
Vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction
Launch vehicle
杨利伟“但就在火箭上升到三四十公里的高度时，火箭和飞船开始急剧抖动，产生了共振。
这让我感到非常痛苦。
振这让我感到非常痛苦”。