模拟试卷2(带答案)

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人教部编版语文四年级下册期末综合模拟试卷(二)(含答案)

人教部编版语文四年级下册期末综合模拟试卷(二)(含答案)

四年级语文下册期末综合模拟试卷(二)(含答案)部编版(时间:90分钟 满分:100分)卷首寄语:亲爱的同学,转眼间一学期的学习生活就要结束了,相信你的语文水平有了很大的提高。

愿你能沉着冷静地答题,交上一份自己满意的试卷。

加油!第一部分 基础知识(55分)一、读下面语段,看拼音写词语,注意把字写得正确、美观。

(6分)2021年5月15日7时18分,中国火星探测器“天问一号”sh ǎn shu ò( )着c àn l àn( )的光芒,在j ì j ìng( )的火星乌托邦平原成功着陆,我国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得圆满成功。

未来三个月,拥有“一身技艺”的“祝融号”火星车将在g ǎng w èi( )上y ī s ī b ù g ǒu( )地展开工作,它的成功k āi p ì了( )我们祖国崭新的未来。

二、我会读拼音,写词语。

(10分)li ǎn ji á ji é n àn h ū xi ào w ú y ōu w ú l ǜg ōng j ìng k ū long ji àn k āng w éi ch í zh ì x ù三、照样子,写词语。

(6分)如泣如诉(ABAC)白雪皑皑(ABCC)前俯后仰(带有反义词)见多识广(带有近义词)四、照样子,写字并组词。

(7分)末抹(涂抹)汤____( )各____( ) 旨____( )屈____( )卑____( )冈____( ) 扁____( )五、补充词语,并完成填空。

(8分)囊( )夜读铁杵成( ) 依山( )水高楼( )立左( )右盼鸡犬相( ) 不可一( )( )丝不动(1)以上词语中含有动物的词语是“___________”和“__________”,我还能写出两个含有动物的四字词语:___________、____________。

安徽省2020年初中学业水平考试模拟试卷(二)语文试题(含答案)

安徽省2020年初中学业水平考试模拟试卷(二)语文试题(含答案)

安徽省2020年初中学业水平考试模拟试卷(二)语文试题注意事项:1.注意你拿到的试卷满分为150分(其中卷面书写占5分),考试时间为150分钟。

2.试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分,“试题卷”共6页,“答题卷”共6页。

3.请务必在“答题卷”上答题,在“试题卷”上答题是无效的。

4.考试结束后,请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回。

一、语文积累与综合运用(35分)1.默写。

(10分)(1)三军可夺帅也,。

(《论语.子罕》)(2)怒而飞,,落英缤纷。

(《庄子.北冥有鱼》)(3) ,胡为乎泥中。

(《诗经.式微》)(4自非亭午夜分,。

(郦道元《三峡》)(5)陈子昂在《登幽州台歌》中从天地落笔,表现出生不逢时的孤独和伤感的句子是“________________,________________”。

(6)王湾在《次北固山下》中,描写旭日东升、春天到来的美景,寓意旧事物中孕育新事物,揭示新旧更替的生活哲理的句子是“______________________,______________________”。

(7)王维在《使至塞上》一诗中,用传神笔墨刻画出奇特壮美的塞外风光,被王国维赞为“千古壮观”的名句是“________________,________________”。

2.请运用所积累的知识,完成(1)-(4)题。

(12分)却说那镇元大仙用手搀着行者道:“我也知道你的本事,我也闻得你的英名,只是你今番越理..欺心..,纵有腾挪,脱不得我手。

我就和你讲到西天,见了你那佛祖,也少不得还我人参果树。

你莫弄神通!"行者笑道:“你这先生,好小家子样!若要树活,有甚疑难!早说这话,可不省了一场争竟?”镇元大仙道:“不争竞,我肯善自饶你?”行者道:“你解了我师父,我还你一棵活树如何?”镇元大仙道:“你若有此神通,医得树活,我与你八拜为交,结为兄弟。

”行者道:“不打紧,放了他们,老孙管教还你活树。

”镇元大仙谅他走不脱,即命解放了三藏、八戒、沙僧。

中考英语二模模拟试卷带答案2

中考英语二模模拟试卷带答案2

中考英语二模模拟试卷带答案(2)(C)In America, when the eighth-graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. It is a hard time for them, but it can be an exciting one as well. To make it easier, students need to get familiar with their school.Even though they’ve done this already in the middle school, it’s still important to find where their classrooms are. Most schools take students to the high school for a visit at the end of their eighth grade year. And, most schools also have a freshman(新生) speech for parents and students before the first year begins. Sometimes the main officewill give away a map of the school. This can help students and parents to find different places in the school.One way to know your high school more and make new friends is tojoin a club or play a sport. Schools often offer chances to join different clubs and sports. Fall activities begin in August before the first day of school. If you are not interested in sports, there are clubs for any interest, such as drama, dance, chess, photography, community service, etc.Students from different grades are allowed to join these clubs. By joining an activity, students can find new friendships, not to mention improving their chances in future college applications(申请). The school office will have a list of activities offered at the school and information on how to join them.What’s more, to have a great start to a high school year, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers.32. According to the text, most students feel ________ when entering the high school.A. excitedB. nervousC. lonelyD. disappointed33. Which of the following is TRUE about the school clubs?A. Summer activities begin before school starts.B. Schools can help new students join school clubs.C. The school clubs in high school only welcome sports fans.D. There are fewer students from higher grades in the school clubs.34. When do many schools take students to visit their new high school?A. At the end of their eighth grade year.B. Right after the high school year starts.C. Before the eighth grade year starts.D. At the beginning of the new term in the high school.35. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce new schools.B. To give the teachers some advice.C. To give advice to new high school students.D. To tell the new students how to learn in high school.(D)In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged. That is because its computer inside simply doesn’t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors(发动机) and two sensors (传感器) that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine’s software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine’s shape at any moment.The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it’s far from sca ry. It may someday help scientists create better artificial(人造的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.“It has been difficul t to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it’s damaged,” says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. “With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem.”36. Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?A. They cannot repair themselves.B. The computer has changed a lot.C. They have no computers inside.D. The computer cannot work if the robot changes.37. The new technology allows the robot to ________.A. do house work for humansB. tell people where it isC. remember a lot of informationD. keep working after being damaged38. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.A. sensorsB. robotsC. arms and legsD. scientists39. How do the sensors in the robot work?A. They can replace the co mputer when it’s broken.B. They can find out where the damage comes from.C. They help the computer learn the robot’s condition.D. They can send signals to the person who uses the robot.40. The passage is probably from ________.A. a newspaperB. an advertisementC. a tour guideD. an application非选择题(共50分)四、填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)A)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41—45的相应位置上。

2020年全国计算机二级等级考试模拟试卷及答案(第二套)

2020年全国计算机二级等级考试模拟试卷及答案(第二套)

2020年全国计算机二级等级考试模拟试卷及答案(第二套)1.一个栈的初始状态为空。

现将元素1、2、3、4、5、A、B、C、D、E依次入栈,然后再依次出栈,则元素出栈的顺序是()。

A) 12345ABCDEB) EDCBA54321C) ABCDE12345D) 54321EDCBA参考答案:B2.下列叙述中正确的是()。

A) 循环队列有队头和队尾两个指针,因此,循环队列是非线性结构B) 在循环队列中,只需要队头指针就能反映队列中元素的动态变化情况C) 在循环队列中,只需要队尾指针就能反映队列中元素的动态变化情况D) 循环队列中元素的个数是由队头指针和队尾指针共同决定参考答案:D3.在长度为n的有序线性表中进行二分查找,最坏情况下需要比较的次数是()。

A) O(n)B) O(n2)C)D)参考答案:C4.下列叙述中正确的是()。

A) 顺序存储结构的存储一定是连续的,链式存储结构的存储空间不一定是连续的B) 顺序存储结构只针对线性结构,链式存储结构只针对非线性结构C) 顺序存储结构能存储有序表,链式存储结构不能存储有序表D) 链式存储结构比顺序存储结构节省存储空间参考答案:A5.数据流图中带有箭头的线段表示的是()。

A) 控制流B) 事件驱动C) 模块调用D) 数据流参考答案:D6.在软件开发中,需求分析阶段可以使用的工具是()。

A) N-S图B) DFD图C) PAD图D) 程序流程图参考答案:B7.在面向对象方法中,不属于"对象"基本特点的是()。

A) 一致性B) 分类性C) 多态性D) 标识唯一性参考答案:A8.一间宿舍可住多个学生,则实体宿舍和学生之间的联系是()。

A) 一对一B) 一对多C) 多对一D) 多对多参考答案:B9.在数据管理技术发展的三个阶段中,数据共享最好的是()。

A) 人工管理阶段B) 文件系统阶段C) 数据库系统阶段D) 三个阶段相同参考答案:C10.有三个关系R、S和T如下:由关系R和S通过运算得到关系T,则所使用的运算为()。

认证通用基础模拟试卷带参考答案-2

认证通用基础模拟试卷带参考答案-2

【单选题】1. 合格评定功能法中进行确定活动之一,其核心技术是()。

A. 评价技术B. 查阅方法C.面谈技巧D.观察能力参考答案:A题目解析:《审核概论》P143评价活动是合格评定功能法中的关键活动之一,而评价技术是审核的核心技术。

【单选题】2.WTO/TBT协议规定了各成员国合格评定的原则的目的是为了()。

A.增加各成员国的贸易壁垒B.提升合格评定活动对贸易的影响C.减少合格评定活动对贸易的负面影响D.提高合格评定活动的约束性参考答案:C题目解析:《合格评定基础》P9三、合格评定的原则为减少合格评定活动对贸易的负面影响,WTO/TBT协议规定了各成员国合格评定的原则。

【单选题】3.审核通常可包括:审核活动启动、审核活动的准备、审核活动的实施、审核报告的编制、审核的完成等活动,()不属于审核阶段活动内容。

A.审核发现的汇总分析B.审核的后续活动C.审核过程和结果的复核D.审核方案的监视和评审参考答案:B题目解析:《审核概论》P68审核通常可划分为审核的启动、审核活动的准备、审核活动的实施、审核报告的编制与分发、审核的完成、审核后续活动的实施等六个阶段。

审核后续活动是在审核完成之后进行的活动,不属于审核阶段的内容。

【单选题】4.关于检验机构的内部管理要求描述错误的是()。

A.管理方式B是按照GB/T 19001要求建立并保持管理体系B.检验机构管理方式A至少包括文件控制、记录控制、管理评审、内部审核、纠正措施、预防措施C.检验机构必须按照GB/T 19000要求建立并保持管理体系D.检验机构应建立并保持能持续满足管理方式A或者管理方式B要求之一的管理体系参考答案:C题目解析:《合格评定基础》P182:(二)检验机构管理方式B:一个检验机构已经按照GB/T 19001要求建立并保持管理体系,且有能力支持并证实其满足本准则的要求,则符合管理体系条款的要求。

P180:检验机构管理体系方式A应包括:管理体系文件、文件控制、记录控制、管理评审、内部审核、纠正措施、预防措施。

国家电网招聘考试通信类专业知识(数据通信网)模拟试卷2(题后含

国家电网招聘考试通信类专业知识(数据通信网)模拟试卷2(题后含

国家电网招聘考试通信类专业知识(数据通信网)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题单项选择题1.有屏蔽双绞线和非屏蔽双绞线的最主要区别是( )。

A.绞线数目不同B.非屏蔽双绞线没有金属屏蔽C.绞线的颜色不同D.有屏蔽双绞线的轴芯为单芯,非屏蔽双绞线为多芯正确答案:B 涉及知识点:数据通信网2.建立网络的主要目的是( )。

A.相互通信B.共享资源C.操作方便D.提高可靠性正确答案:B 涉及知识点:数据通信网3.( )是运输层的协议之一。

A.UCPB.UDPC.TDPD.TDC正确答案:B 涉及知识点:数据通信网4.按信息交换方式分类时,( )不是其分类。

A.电路交换B.报文交换C.分组交换D.包交换正确答案:D 涉及知识点:数据通信网5.( )网络地址从不在任何网络中出现。

A.127.0.0.0B.0.0.0.0C.255.255.255.255D.123.124.125.126正确答案:A 涉及知识点:数据通信网6.发送一封e-mail时,用来发送e-mail的称为( )。

A.信源B.信道C.信号D.信宿正确答案:A 涉及知识点:数据通信网7.TELNET的作用是什么?( )A.文件传输B.终端仿真C.浏览D.打印正确答案:B解析:TELNET是一个简单的远程终端协议,又称为终端仿真协议。

知识模块:数据通信网8.规定用什么样的电信号表示0或1的标准在OSI参考模型的( )。

A.第一层B.第二层C.第三层D.第四层正确答案:A 涉及知识点:数据通信网9.定义完成数据帧封装任务的标准在OSI参考模型的( )。

A.第一层B.第二层C.第三层D.第四层正确答案:B 涉及知识点:数据通信网10.完成在通信子网的节点之间交换传输,并且要负责由一个节点到另一个节点的路径选择问题的OSI层次是( )。

A.第一层B.第二层C.第三层D.第四层正确答案:C 涉及知识点:数据通信网11.完成两个用户之间建立一次连接的OSI层是( )。

临床助理医师考前模拟试卷(2)【精选附答案】

临床助理医师考前模拟试卷(2)【精选附答案】

临床助理医师考前模拟测试试题1、7个月女婴呕吐.水样便2天,大便每天10次,高热1天,汗多,进食少,尿少,口渴。

查体:烦躁不安,四肢温度低,皮肤弹性差,心.肺正常,膝反射亢进。

补充累积损失量应首选A.3∶2∶2液50——60ml/kgB.4∶3∶2液50——60ml/kgC.1/3张60——80ml/kgD.1/2张80——100ml/kgE.10%葡萄糖液60——80ml/kg【答案】D2、慢性胃炎,有胆汁反流,治疗上最好用A.肾上腺糖皮质激素B.生胃酮C.甲氰咪胍D.硫糖铝E.口服链霉素【答案】D3、血液发生凝固的关键环节是A.凝血酶原的激活B.促进血小板聚集C.使纤维蛋白原变为纤维蛋白D.激活因子ⅫE.组织因子的释放【答案】A4、主动脉瓣中度狭窄时瓣口面积为A.<0.75cm2B.0.75——1.0cm2C.1.1——1.75cm2D.1.76——2.0cm2E.2.1——4.0cm2【答案】B5、A型行为性格与下列疾病有关A.溃疡病B.风心病C.冠心病D.癌症E.神经症【答案】C6、以醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳分离血清蛋白质时,常用缓冲液的pH值为A.3.5B.5.5C.6.5D.7.5E.8.6【答案】E7、女性,22岁,皮肤反复出现紫癜增多2年,确诊为lTP。

本病首选治疗药物是A.肾上腺皮质激素B.输新鲜血C.脾切除D.免疫抑制剂E.中西医结合治疗【答案】A8、某医院收入一名车祸患者,在住院期间因输血得了丙型肝炎,这种情况属于A.诊断性医源性疾病B.药物性医源性疾病C.手术性医源性疾病D.输血性医源性疾病E.感染性医源性疾病【答案】D9、一位符合安乐死条件的病人.医生使用药物结束其痛苦的生命.称为A.强迫安乐死B.医助安乐死C.被动安乐死D.主动安乐死E.自杀安乐死【答案】B10、关于糖皮质激素的应用,下列哪项是错误的A.水痘和带状疱疹B.风湿和类风湿性关节炎C.血小板减少症和再生障碍性贫血D.过敏性休克和心源性休克E.中毒性肺炎,重症伤寒和急性粟粒性肺结核【答案】A11、包在肝格利森纤维(Glisson)鞘内的管道有A.门静脉.肝静脉.肝胆管B.肝动脉,门静脉,胆总管C.肝动脉,门静脉,肝静脉D.肝动脉,肝胆管,门静脉E.肝动脉,肝胆管,肝静脉【答案】D12、饮水消毒的主要目的是A.预防化学性中毒B.预防食物中毒C.防止肠道传染病的发生D.预防/"三致/"作用的发生E.保证水的感官性状良好【答案】C13、糖皮质激素的临床应用不包括A.感染性休克B.器官移植术后C.急性角膜炎D.Cushing氏综合征E.红斑狼疮【答案】D14、某患者高热.肝脾肿大.无黄疸.白细胞计数低于正常值.相对缓脉.肥达试验(widaltest)结果为:O抗体增高,H抗体不高。

渭南市尚德中学2024届高三上学期一轮复习模拟(二)语文试卷(含答案)

渭南市尚德中学2024届高三上学期一轮复习模拟(二)语文试卷(含答案)

渭南市尚德中学2024届高三上学期一轮复习模拟(二)语文试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

近年来,全球气候问题已经成为各个国家关注的焦点。

那么,气候变迁是否真的会带来毁灭性后果?关于这个问题的研究非常多,但预测结果相差也很大。

2022年,科学期刊《美国科学院院报》刊发了来自中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所与南京大学、美国加州大学戴维斯分校等合作的一项成果,他们认为:约3亿年前的晚古生代大冰期期间,曾发生一次短暂的巨量碳排放事件,引起了海洋缺氧及海洋生物多样性显著降低。

地球历史上曾多次出现碳排放导致的升温,而3亿年前的这次事件之所以吸引科学家的目光,是因为当时的地球环境与当前非常类似。

这一成果也是世界上首个以冰期为背景研究全球变暖的成果。

北美高温、欧洲暴雨、亚洲洪灾……很多人可能还记得2021年,全球各地出现许多极端天气。

而在大多数人视线之外的地方,环境变化同样让人担忧:格陵兰冰川加速融化、亚马孙雨林频现干旱、澳大利亚附近的珊瑚礁大面积死亡、西伯利亚永久冻土开始消融、大西洋环流自1950年开始变缓。

“根据相关研究报道,当前,我们生活的地球或许正面临着气候变化的临界点。

”专家表示,当今地球正处于从3400万年前开始的新生代冰室气候。

然而近百年来,全球气温在冰室气候大背景下快速升高,两极冰川消融加剧,海平面上升,海洋缺氧程度加重,导致全球生物多样性降低。

全球变暖原本是地球上的一种自然现象,根据科学家研究结果,在地球46亿年的历史上,气温是呈现周期性变化,而且绝大多数时间的温度都比较高,此时地球表面没有大陆冰川或者冰盖的覆盖,我们将这些时期称为温室期。

如果地球表面长期处于极其低温状态,导致整个地球表面被冰雪所覆盖,我们就会将这些时期称为冰室期或大冰期。

比如在前寒武纪大冰期,地球就遭受过一次严重的冰冻,这段时间地球的平均温度可能一度跌到了零下50摄氏度左右,史称“雪球地球”。

考研数学二(一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

考研数学二(一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

考研数学二(一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 解答题解答题解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。

1.求的带皮亚诺余项的三阶麦克劳林公式.正确答案:因为,从而涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用2.求带皮亚诺余项的麦克劳林公式.正确答案:把t=-x2代入et=1+t++o(t”) (t→0)即得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用3.求arctanx带皮亚诺余项的5阶麦克劳林公式.正确答案:由于(arctanx)’==1-x2+x4+o(x5),由该式逐项积分即得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用4.求极限ω=正确答案:涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用5.确定常数a和b的值,使f(x)=x-(a+)sinx当x→0时是x的5阶无穷小量.正确答案:利用,可得不难看出当1-a-b=0与-b=0同时成立f(x)才能满足题设条件.由此可解得常数,并且得到f(x)=+o(x5),f(x)是x的5阶无穷小(x →0).涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用6.设f(x)在x=0处n(n≥2)阶可导且=e4,求f(0),f’(0),…,f(n)(0).正确答案:1)先转化已知条件.由=e4知再用当x→0时的等价无穷小因子替换ln[1+f(x)]~f(x),可得=4.2)用o(1)表示当x→0时的无穷小量,由当x→0时的极限与无穷小的关系=4+o(1),并利用xno(1)=o(xn)可得f(x)=4xn+o(xn).从而由泰勒公式的唯一性即知f(0)=0,f’(0)=0,…,f(n-1)(0)=0,=4,故f(n)(0)=4n!.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用7.设0<x<,证明正确答案:由带拉格朗日余项的泰勒公式涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用8.设f(x)在[0,1]二阶可导,|f(0)|≤a,|f(1)|≤a,|f”(x)|≤b,a,b为非负数,求证:c∈(0,1),有|f’(c)|≤2a+正确答案:考察带拉格朗日余项的一阶泰勒公式:x∈[0,1],c∈(0,1),有f(x)=f(c)+f’(c)(x-c)+f”(ξ)(x-c)2,(*)其中ξ=c+θ(x-c),0<θ<1.在(*)式中,令x=0,得f(0)=f(c)+f’(c)(-c)+f”(ξ1)c2,0<ξ1<c<1;在(*)式中,令x=1,得f(1)=f(c)+f’(c)(1-c)+f’(ξ2)(1-c)2,0<c<ξ2<1.上面两式相减得f(1)-f(0)=f’(c)+[f”(ξ2)(1-c)2-f”(ξ1)c2].从而f’(c)=f(1)-f(0)+[f”(ξ1)c2-f”(ξ2)(1-c)2],两端取绝对值并放大即得其中利用了对任何c∈(0,1)有(1-c)2≤1-c,c2≤c,于是(1-c)2+c2≤1.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用9.设f(x)在[a,b]三次可微,证明:ξ∈(a,b),使得正确答案:将f(x)在x0=展成二阶泰勒公式并分别令x=b与x=a得其中ξ1,ξ2∈(a,b).上面两式相减得注意:[f”‘(ξ1)+f”‘(ξ2)]介于f”‘(ξ1)与f”‘(ξ2)之间,由导函数取中间值定理,可得ξ∈(a,b),使得f”‘(ξ)=.因此得证.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用10.在x=0处展开下列函数至括号内的指定阶数:(Ⅰ)f(x)=tanx(x3);(Ⅱ)f(x)=sin(sinx)(x3).正确答案:(Ⅰ) f(0)=0,f”(0)=0,f”‘(x)=,f”‘(0)=2,=> f(x)=f(0)+f’(0)x++o(x3),即tanx=x+x3+o(x3).(Ⅱ)已知sinu=u-+o(u3)(u→0),令u=sinx => sin(sinx)=sinx-sin3x+o(sin3x).再将sinx=x-x3+o(x3),代入得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用11.求下列函数f(x)在x=0处带拉格朗日余项的n阶泰勒公式:(Ⅰ)f(x)=;(Ⅱ)f(x)=exsinx.正确答案:(Ⅰ)由,可得对m=1,2,3,…有(Ⅱ)用归纳法求出f(n)(x)的统一公式.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用12.用泰勒公式求下列极限:正确答案:(Ⅰ)用et,ln(1+t),cost,sint的泰勒公式,将分子、分母中的函数在x=0展开.由于再求分子的泰勒公式.由x2e2x=x2[1+(2x)+o(x)]=x2+2x3+o(x3),ln(1-x2)=-x2+o(x3),=> x2e2x+ln(1-x2)=2x3+o(x3).因此(Ⅱ)由ln(1+x)=x-x2+o(x2))(x→0),令x=,即得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用13.用泰勒公式确定下列无穷小量当x→0时关于x的无穷小阶数:(Ⅰ);(Ⅱ)∫0x(et-1-t)2dt.正确答案:(Ⅰ)因此当x→0时是x的二阶无穷小量.(Ⅱ)因et-1-t=t2+o(t2),从而(et-1-t)2=,代入得∫0x(et-1-t)2dt=x5+o(x5),因此x→0时∫0x(et-1-t)2dt是x的五阶无穷小量.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用14.设f(x)在(0,+∞)三次可导,且当x∈(0,+∞)时|f(x)|≤M0,|f”‘(x)|≤M3,其中M0,M3为非负常数,求证f”(x)在(0,+∞)上有界.正确答案:分别讨论x>1与0<x≤1两种情形.1)当x>1时考察二阶泰勒公式f(x+1)=f(x)+f’(x)+(x<ξ<x+1),f(x-1)=f(x)-f’(x)+(x-1<η<x),两式相加并移项即得f”(x)=f(x+1)+f(x-1)-2f(x)+[f”‘(η)-f”‘(ξ)],则当x>1时有|f”(x)|≤4M0+M3.2)当0<x≤1时对f”(x)用拉格朗日中值定理,有f”(x)=f”(x)-f”(1)+f”(1)=f”‘(x)(x-1)+f”(1),其中ξ∈(x,1).=> |f”(x)|≤|f”‘(ξ)||x-1 |+|f”(1)|≤M3+|f”(1)|(x∈(0,1]).综合即知f”(x)在(0,+∞)上有界.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用15.设函数f(x)在[0,1]二阶可导,且f(0)=f’(0)=f’(1)=0,f(1)=1.求证:存在ξ∈(0,1),使|f”(ξ)|≥4.正确答案:把函数f(x)在x=0与x=1分别展开成带拉格朗日余项的一阶泰勒公式,得f(x)=f(0)+f’(0)x+f”(ξ1)x2 (0<ξ1<x),f(x)=f(1)+f’(1)(x-1)+f”(ξ2)(x-1)2(x<ξ2<1).在公式中取x=并利用题设可得两式相减消去未知的函数值即得f”(ξ1)-f”(ξ2)=8 =>|f”(1)|+|f”(2)|≥8.故在1与2中至少有一个使得在该点的二阶导数的绝对值不小于4,把该点取为ξ,就有ξ∈(0,1)使|f”(ξ)|≥4.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用16.设f(x)在(x0-δ,x0+δ)有n阶连续导数,且f(k)(x0)=0,k=2,3,…,n-1;f(n)(x0)≠0.当0<|h|<δ时,f(x0+h)-f(x0)=hf’(x0+θh),(0<θ<1).求证:.正确答案:这里m=1,求的是f(x0+h)-f(x0)=hf’(x0+θh)(0<θ<1)当h→0时中值θ的极限.为解出θ,按题中条件,将f’(x0+θh)在x=x0展开成带皮亚诺余项的n-1阶泰勒公式得代入原式得f(x0+h)-f(x0)=hf’(x0)+f(n)(x0)θn-1hn+o(hn) ①再将f(x0+h)在x=x0展开成带皮亚诺余项的n阶泰勒公式f(x0+h)-f(x0)=f’(x0)h+…+ (x0)hn+o(hn) =f’(x0)h+ (x0)hn+o(hn)(h→0),②将②代入①后两边除以hn得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用17.求下列函数的带皮亚诺余项至括号内所示阶数的麦克劳林公式:(Ⅰ)f(x)=excosx(x3);(Ⅱ)f(x)=(x3).(Ⅲ)f(x)=,其中a>0 (x2).正确答案:(Ⅰ)ex=1+x++o(x3),cosx=1-+o(x3),相乘得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用18.求下列函数的带皮亚诺余项的麦克劳林公式:(Ⅰ)f(x)=sin3x;(Ⅱ)f(x)=xln(1-x2).正确答案:涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用19.确定下列无穷小量当x→0时关于x的阶数:(Ⅰ)f(x)=ex-1-x-xsinx;(Ⅱ)f(x)=(1+)cosx-1.正确答案:(Ⅰ)用泰勒公式确定无穷小的阶.原式=所以x→0时ex-1-x -是x的3阶无穷小.(Ⅱ)用泰勒公式确定无穷小的阶.原式=所以x→0时cosx+-1是x的4阶无穷小.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用20.求下列极限:正确答案:(Ⅰ)(用泰勒公式)由于当x→0时分母是x3阶的无穷小量,而当x →0时因此当x→0时,exsinx=注意到当x→0时(Ⅱ)由于f(x)=arctanx在点x=0有如下导数因此当x→0时(Ⅲ)因为当x>0时,从而把麦克劳林公式代入即得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用21.确定常数a和b的值,使得=6.正确答案:(用泰勒公式)因为ln(1-2x+3x2)=-2x+3x2-(-2x+3x2)2+o((-2x+3x2)2) =-2x+3x2-2x2+o(x2)=-2x+x2+o(x2),于是=6可以改写为由此即得a-2=0,b+1=6,故a=2,b=5.即b=6-3+a=5因此a=2,b=5.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用22.设f(x)=x2sinx,求f(n)(0).正确答案:f(x)=,=>f(2n+1)(0)==(-1)n(2n+1)2n,n=1,2,…f(2n)(0)=0,n=1,2,…,f(1)(0)=0.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用23.设f(x)在x=0处二阶可导,又I==1,求f(0),f’(0),f”(0).正确答案:由题设易知,,0<|x|<δ时f(x)≠0.进一步有=f(0)=0.由ef(x)-1~f(x),cosx-1~(x→0),用等价无穷小因子替换,原条件改写成由极限与无穷小关系得,x→0时=1+o(1),(o(1)为无穷小),即由泰勒公式唯一性得f(0)=0,f’(0)=0,f”(0)==-1.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用24.设f(x)在x=a处n(n≥2)阶可导,且当x→a时f(x)是x-a的n阶无穷小,求证:f(x)的导函数f’(x)当x→a时是x-a的n-1阶无穷小.正确答案:f(x)在x=a可展开成由x→a时f(x)是(x-a)的n阶无穷小=>f(a)=f’(a)=…=f(n-1)(a)=0,f(n)(a)≠0.又f(x)在x=a邻域(n-1)阶可导,f(n -1)(x)在x=a可导.由g(x)=f’(x)在x=a处n-1阶可导=>g(x)=g(a)+g’(a)(x-a)+…+g(n-1)(a)(x-a)n-1+o((x-a)n-1),因此f’(x)是x-a的n-1阶无穷小(x →a).涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用25.设f(x)在x=a处四阶可导,且f’(a)=f”(a)=f”‘(a)=0,但f(4)(a)≠0,求证:当f(4)(a)>0(<0)时x=a是f(x)的极小(大)值点.正确答案:其中o(1)为无穷小量(x→a时),因此,δ>0,当0<|x-a|<δ时因此f(4)(a)>0(<0)时f(a)为极小(大)值.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用26.设f(x),g(x)在x=x0某邻域有二阶连续导数,曲线y=f(x)和y=g(x)有相同的凹凸性.求证:曲线y=f(x)和y=g(x)在点(x0,y0)处相交、相切且有相同曲率的充要条件是:f(x)-g(x)=o((x-x0)2)(x→x0).正确答案:相交与相切即f(x)=g(x0),f’(x0)=g’(x0).若又有曲率相同,即由二阶导数的连续性及相同的凹凸性得,或f”(x0)=g”(x0)=0或f”(x0)与g”(x0)同号,于是f”(x0)=g”(x0).因此,在所设条件下,曲线y=f(x),y=g(x)在(x0,y0)处相交、相切且有相同曲率f(x0)-g(x0)=0,f’(x0)-g’(x0)=0,f”(x0)-g”(x0)=0.f(x)-g(x)=f(x0)-g(x0)+ =o((x-x0)2) (x→x0).即当x→x0时f(x)-g(x)是比(x-x0)2高阶的无穷小.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用27.求f(x)=3x带拉格朗日余项的n阶泰勒公式.正确答案:由于f(m)(x)=3x(ln3)m,f(m)(0)=(ln3)m,则涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用28.设f(x)在[a,b]上连续,在(a,b)内二阶可导,证明:ξ∈(a,b)使得正确答案:在x=处展开成分别令x=a,b =>两式相加=>由导函数的中间值定理=> ξ在η1,η2之间(ξ∈(a,b)),使得涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用29.设f(x)为n+1阶可导函数,求证:f(x)为n次多项式的充要条件是f(n+1)(x)≡0,f(n)(x)≠0.正确答案:由带拉格朗日余项的n阶泰勒公式得f(x)=f(0)+f’(0)x+…+.若f(n+1)(x)≡0,f(n)(x)≠0,由上式=>f(x)=f(0)+f’(0)x+…+f(n)(0)xn是n次多项式.反之,若f(x)=anxn+an-1xn-1+…+a1x+a0 (an≠0)是n次多项式,显然f(n)(x)=ann!≠0,f(n+1)(x)≡0.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用30.设f(x)在(0,+∞)二阶可导且f(x),f”(x)在(0,+∞)上有界,求证:f’(x)在(0,+∞)上有界.正确答案:按条件,联系f(x),f”(x)与f’(x)的是带拉格朗日余项的一阶泰勒公式.x>0,h>0有f(x+h)=f(x)+f’(x)h+f”(ξ)h2,其中ξ∈(x,x+h).特别是,取h=1,ξ∈(x,x+1),有f(x+1)=f(x)+f’(x)+f”(ξ),即f’(x)=f(x+1)-f(x)-f”(ξ).由题设,|f(x)|≤M0,|f”(x)|≤M2(x∈(0,+∞)),M0,M2为常数,于是有即f’(x)在(0,+∞)上有界.涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用31.设f(x)在[a,b]二阶可导,f(x)>0,f”(x)<0((x∈(a,b)),求证:正确答案:联系f(x)与f”(x)的是泰勒公式.两边在[a,b]上积分得∫abf(x0)dx <∫abf(x)dx+∫abf’(x)(x0-x)dx=∫abf(x)dx+∫ab(x0-x)df(x) =∫abf(x)dx -(b-x0)f(b)-(x0-a)f(a)+∫abf(x)dx ≤2∫abf(x)dx.因此f(x0)(b-a)<2∫abf(x)dx,即涉及知识点:一元函数的泰勒公式及其应用。

2022年二建《工程施工管理》真题模拟试卷二(带答案解析)

2022年二建《工程施工管理》真题模拟试卷二(带答案解析)

二建工程施工管理第 1题:单选题(本题1分)各项新建、扩建、改建、技术改造、技术引进项目竣工图的负责编制人应是()。

A.施工单位B.设计单位C.咨询单位D.建设单位【正确答案】:A【答案解析】:各项新建、扩建、改建、技术改造、技术引进项目,在项目竣工时要编制竣工图。

项目竣工图应由施工单位负责编制。

第 2题:单选题(本题1分)项目结构图、组织结构图和合同结构图的含义不同,其表达的方式也有不同。

右图反映了一个建设项目的业主与总承包商,以及总承包商与分包商之间的某种关系,这种关系是()。

A.指令关系B.项目结构关系C.工作任务关系D.合同关系【正确答案】:D第 3题:单选题(本题1分)工程项目的月度施工计划和旬施工作业计划属于()。

A.控制性施工进度计划B.指导性施工进度计划C.实施性施工进度计划D.竞争|生施工进度计划【正确答案】:C【答案解析】:从计划的功能区分,施工项目经理部编制的施工月度施工计划和旬施工作业计划是用于直接组织施工作业的计划,它属于实施性施工进度计划。

第 4题:单选题(本题1分)建设项目工程总承包的基本出发点是()。

A.借鉴工业生产组织的经验B.克服由于设计与施工的分离致使投资增加C.实现建设生产过程的组织集成化D.克服由于设计和施工的不协调而影响建设进度【正确答案】:C【答案解析】:建设项目工程总承包的基本出发点是借鉴工业生产组织的经验,实现建设生产过程的组织集成化。

以克服由于设计与施工的分离致使投资增加,以及克服由于设计和施工的不协调而影响建设进度等弊病。

其中,实现建设生产过程的组织集成化是实施建设项目工程总承包最核心要点。

第 5题:单选题(本题1分)一般情况下,某混凝土现浇楼面平整度偏差达到1oram,该质量问题可以()。

A.不作处理B.加固处理C.返工处理D.修补处理【正确答案】:A【答案解析】:根据《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB 50204--2002(2011版),混凝土结构表面平整度偏差为8mm,该例中偏差达到10mm,应该属于质量问题,但是该质量问题属于后续工序可以弥补的质量缺陷,可以不作处理。

大学英语四级模拟试卷二及参考答案

大学英语四级模拟试卷二及参考答案

⼤学英语四级考试全真预测试卷 Model Test TwoPart I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有⼈赞同完全禁⽌吸烟,理由是……2. 有⼈不赞同完全禁⽌吸烟,理由是……3. 我的看法。

Should Smoking Be Completely BannedPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Space Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day,we may leave our “mother ship”Earth to make our home among the stars.A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speedingthrough the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 milesper hour.It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home ofover four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling throughthe universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however,have some of its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravityBut 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbitingspace station 200 miles above the Earth.Space CitiesScientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools,and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work,play—even go toschool, far above the Earth.Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. Andastronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in spacestations.The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientiststhink the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry.And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and fromelectricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.Why Go into Space?Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses manykinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal thatare better for certain purposes thanpure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well onEarth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.At Home in Space?But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feelas well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.Aging in SpaceSuppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second.For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay at home twinbrother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear cut as just described.1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.[A]the outer space[B]a man made spaceship[C]the planet Earth[D]the Star Wars mothe ship2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conquering within the past 25years.[A]the universe[B]Earth’s gravity[C]the earth[D]outer space3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space except.[A]the moon[B]Venus[C]Jupiter[D]Mars4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?[A]Because it is full of challenges for human beings.[B]Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.[C]Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.[D]Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .[A]size and moving ways[B]comfortable living conditions[C]rich and valuable metals[D]solar energy6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously as it does in space places?[A]Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less harmful.[B]Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all.[C]Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.[D]Because other space places is near from those planets radiating ultravioletlight.7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally build in space suitable for humans to live.[A]an environment without ultraviolet light[B]a lot of homes[C]an Earth like environment[D]an environment with atmosphere8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals together with the lighter ones.9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plentyof solar energy to be turned into, for creating comfortable living conditions.10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity free space.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be askedabout what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the bestanswer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.[A]Tennis equipment.[B]Volleyball equipment.[C]Football equipment.[D]Basketball equipment.12.[A]He must meet his teacher.[B]He must attend a class.[C]He must go out with his girlfriend.[D]He must stay at school to finish his homework.13.[A]It’s not as good as it was.[B]It’s better than it used to be.[C]It’s better than people say.[D]It’s even worse than people say.14.[A]Because he doesn’t like football.[B]Because Maria fell ill.[C]Because he didn’t have the time.[D]Because Maria can’t stand football.15.[A]A temporary job.[B]A permanent job.[C]Some money for the vacation.[D]Some money for the university fees.16.[A]The woman did most of the talking.[B]The man did most of the talking.[C]The woman was wearing a black sweater.[D]The man and the woman had dark hair.17.[A]A sunny day. [B]A raincoat.[C]An attractive hut. [D]A lovely hat.18.[A]Librarian and student. [B]Operator and caller.[C]Boss and secretary.[D]Customer and repairman. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A]The benefits of strong business competition.[B]A proposal to lower the cost of production.[C]Complaints about the expense of modernization.[D]Suggestions concerning new business strategies.20.[A]It costs much more than its worth.[B]It should be brought up to date.[C]It calls for immediate repairs.[D]It can still be used for a long time.21.[A]The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.[B]A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.[C]The entire staff should be retrained.[D]Better educated employees should be promoted.22.[A]Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.[B]TV commercials are less expensive.[C]Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.[D]TV commercials attract more investments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.[A]Searching for reference material.[B]Watching a film of the 1930s’.[C]Writing a course book.[D]Looking for a job in a movie studio.24.[A]It’s too broad to cope with. [B]It’s a bit outdated.[C]It’s controversial.[D]It’s of little practical value.25.[A]At the end of the online catalogue.[B]At the Reference Desk.[C]In the New York Times.[D]In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.[A]The liberation movement of British women.[B]Rapid economic development in Britain.[C]Changing attitudes to family life.[D]Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.27.[A]Because millions of men died in the war.[B]Because women had proved their worth.[C]Because women were more skillful than men.[D]Because factories preferred to employ women.28.[A]The concept of “the family”as a social unit.[B]The attitudes to birth control.[C]The attitudes to religion.[D]The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.[A]Synthetic fuel. [B]Solar energy.[C]Alcohol.[D]Electricity.30.[A]Air traffic conditions. [B]Traffic jams on highways.[C]Road conditions.[D]New traffic rules.31.[A]Go through a health check. [B]Take little luggage with them.[C]Arrive early for boarding. [D]Undergo security checks.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.[A]Washing plates. [B]Clearing tables.。

2023届上海市上海中学高三模拟卷练习二英语试卷(含答案)

2023届上海市上海中学高三模拟卷练习二英语试卷(含答案)

高考英语上海卷模拟试卷(二)考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

第I卷(共90分)I. Listening Comprehension (25 分)Section A (每题1分,共10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题1 分,共20 分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.An implant that can cool nerves to block pain signals has been unveiled by researchers who say the device could offer an alternative to drugssuch as opioids (类鸦片活性肽).The team behind the device say it could bring benefits for management of acute pain such as (21)_______ experienced after amputations (截肢)or nerve grafts."We are optimistic that this represents a very promising starting point for an engineering approach (22)_______ treating pain,” said Prof John Rogers of Northwestern University in the US, a co-author of the research. But he cautioned that it might be some time (23) _______ they were available to patients. "As with any implantable device, the regulatory process can be slow, typically (24) _______ (involve) much more extensive animal model studies over a period of years," he said.Writing in the journal Science, the team report that the device to block pain signals, which (25) _______(test) only on rats so far, involves a pump, external control system and an implant made from a soft, rubbery substance. The latter forms a sealed collection of tiny channels which form a twisting path in the part of the implant that sits around the target nerve like a cuff.When liquid coolant and dry nitrogen flow through the implant, the liquid causes a drop in temperature. An electronic sensor in the device allows the temperature at the nerve (26) _______(keep) constant."All body processes are based on metabolic chemical reactions, motions of ions and flows of fluids--all (27) _______slow down as a result ofcooling,” said Rogers. “ The net effect when cooling is applied to a nerve is in blocking of electrical signals."Among their experiments, the team tracked two rats with an injury, recording over a three- week period the minimum force that (28)_______be applied to the hind paw to cause the animal to retract (缩回)it. This data was then compared against three rats who were similarly injured but also had the implant. The results suggest bouts of cooling of the injured nerve from 37℃ to 10℃led to (29) _______(severe) pain, with a sevenfold increase in the force that could be applied to the paw. The team say the implant’s benefits include (30)_______, in contrast to opioids, it is not addictive. As the implant is made with water-soluble and biocompatible materials, it can break down in the body after use. The implant could be inserted as an extension of the patient’s initial surgery.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. attachedB. bottle-fedC. confusionD. invisibleE. originallyF. orphanedG. partneringH. procedureI. reproducedJ. subjectsK. unintentionallySaving Baby BearsReacting to the auditory assault of barking dogs, shouts and rifle blasts, a 168-pound American black bear shot out and hightailed (迅速逃走)it into the woods off a logging road.His sister, weighing in at 135 pounds, took a little more time to overcome her fear and (31) _______ before she, too, ran for the trees and away from the humans who had driven more than 100 miles to witness the bears’ return to the wild.The cubs were the 106th and 107th (32) _______ or injured bears to be raised or treated at the Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) Wildlife Center in Washington state, then released months later in the same general area where they were (33) _______found. Fitted with GPS collars and tattooed with identification numbers on their gums, the bears are also among the latest (34) _______of a long-term research study being conducted by Rich Beausoleil and Lindsay Welfelt, both biologists and bear and cougar specialists.The siblings were only two weeks old when a forest worker and his dog (35) _______ disturbed their den in February 2020, scaring away their mother. She never returned.The worker contacted the WDFW, an agency (36) _______with PAWS to rehabilitate sick, injured wild animals before releasing them back into their natural habitats."Their eyes and ears weren't open, and their teeth hadn't evenerupted,Jennifer Convy, PAWS senior director of wildlife, said of the cubs, which each weighed less than 2 pounds when they arrived and were the youngest ever to be raised at the center.Though (37) _______at first, the cubs weren't cuddled. Instead, their caregivers wore bear- scented bear suits during feedings once the cubs' eyes had opened. At PAWS, the staff and volunteers take pains to be (38)_______to all the animals in their care."They don't see us, ever. We don't talk to them. We don't name the animals because we don't want our staff or volunteers to get (39)_______,“ Convy said. After more than a year, the bear siblings were released.The wildlife biologists are studying how the bears raised at PAWS fare after their release, compared to their wild-reared brethren. One cub released in 2017 had her first litter of cubs in January."We've been to her den several times." Beausoleil said. "She (40)_______ and had cubs of her own ... This was kind of a turning point for us."After all, the whole point of PAWS' rehabilitation "is to protect and perpetuate (使持续) the species," he said.III. Reading Comprehension (45 分)Section A (每题1分,共15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four wordsor phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Other da Vinci CodeFor centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo da Vinci's "Mon a Lisa" were "Who " and "When ”A(n) (41) _______made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note written in a manuscript in the library (42) _______the account of da Vinci's first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchanfs wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506.A(n) (43)_______ mystery-"Where "- is still in dispute. But on June 3rd a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had (44) _______the landscape in the background of the painting. Arguments had (45)_______ been made for stretches of countryside in the Marche region and between Milan and Genoa. During a presentation in Vinci, near Florence, Mr Cotte maintained that the artist was more plausibly depicting a part of his native Tuscany 一one that keenly interested him at the time. According to this theory, da Vinci represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he (46) _______ it to be.Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the "Mona Lisa" hangs) to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of themultispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the drawing below the (47) _______of an oil painting, but also, where they exist, intermediate layers of work. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a(n) (48) _______sketch showing that da Vinci meant it to represent a castellated tower.The landscape of the "Mona Lisa" also includes a huge overhanging cliff. That is (49)_______ to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress (堡垒)contested by Pisa and Florence in the war that flared between them in 1503 (around the time he was painting Gherardini). The (50)_______ with the nearby cliff ——and a tower, known as the Caprona tower 一all overlook the river Amo as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “(51) _______”.This involved diverting the Amo to (52) _______Pisa's water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two citystates at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a(n) (53) _______ winding through desolate countryside at the right of the "Mona Lisa" is too wide to be a road, as some have speculated, and is(54) _______the driedup bed of the Amo as da Vinci envisaged (设想)it once his plan had been adopted.It never was. But if Mr Cotte's theory is right, it might just explain why Gherardini, a Florentine, exhibits such a contented, if mysterious, (55)_______。

一建《水利管理与实务》真题模拟测试试卷二(带答案解析)

一建《水利管理与实务》真题模拟测试试卷二(带答案解析)

一建水利管理与实务第 1题:单项选择题(本题1分)招标设计属于水利工程建设程序中()阶段的工作。

A、初步设计B、施工图设计C、生产准备D、施工准备【正确答案】:D【答案解析】:水利工程建设程序,按《水利工程建设项目管理规定》(水利部水建[1995]128号)明确的建设程序执行,水利工程建设程序一般分为:项目建议书、可行性研究报告、初步设计、施工准备(包括招标设计)、建设实施、生产准备、竣工验收、后评价等阶段。

第 2题:单项选择题(本题1分)下列不属于项目法人分包管理职责的是()。

A、审核分包内容B、审核分包单位资质C、指定分包人D、监督检查分包合同实施,防止再次分包【正确答案】:C【答案解析】:项目法人一般不得直接指定分包人。

第 3题:单项选择题(本题1分)水利工程监理工程师上岗必须持有()颁发的监理工程师岗位证书。

A、住房和城乡建设部B、水利部C、国家技术质量监督局D、主管机关【正确答案】:B【答案解析】:根据《水利工程质量管理规定》,监理单位必须持有水利部颁发的监理单位资格等级证书,依照核定的监理范围承担相应水利工程的监理任务。

监理单位必须接受水利工程质量监督机构对其监理资格质量检查体系及质量监理工作的监督检查。

第 4题:单项选择题(本题1分)根据《工程建设项目施工招标投标办法》(国家八部委局第30号令),资格预审,是指在()对潜在投标人进行的资格审查。

A、投标前B、开标期间C、评标期间D、合同谈判时【正确答案】:A【答案解析】:根据《工程建设项目施工招标投标办法》(国家八部委局第30号令),资格预审是指在投标前对潜在投标人进行的资格审查。

第 5题:单项选择题(本题1分)根据对测量误差的分析,由于观测者受到干扰造成的误差属于()。

A、限差B、粗差C、偶然误差D、系统误差【正确答案】:B【答案解析】:由测量人员粗心大意或仪器故障所造成的差错,称为粗差。

在相同的观测条件下,对某一量进行多次的观测,如果出现的误差在符号和数值上都相同,或按一定的规律变化,这种误差称为“系统误差”。

模拟试卷(二)带答案

模拟试卷(二)带答案

一、单项选择题(以下每题只有一个正确答案。

不选、多选、错选均不得分也不扣分。

)共50题1.两根平行载流导体,在通过反方向电流时。

两导体将呈现出( B )。

(A)互相吸引;(B)相互排斥;(C)没反应;(D)有时吸引、有时排斥。

2.110kV送电线路,各相间弧垂的相对偏差最大值不应超过(C )mm。

(A)400;(B)300;(C)200;(D)100。

3.额定电压相同的电阻串联接在电路中,则阻值较大的电阻(B )。

(A)发热量较小;(B)发热量较大;(C)无明显差别;(D)不能确定。

4.电阻值随电压或电流的变化而变化的电阻称为(B)。

(A)线性电阻;(B)非线性电阻;(C)可调电阻;(D)固定电阻。

5.某钢芯铝绞线,铝线为24股,在张力放线时有三根铝线被磨断,对此应进行(B )。

(A)缠绕;(B)补修管处理;(C)锯断重接;(D)加护线条。

6.接续管或补修管与悬垂线夹中心的距离不应小于(B )m。

(A)0.5;(B)5;(C)10;(D)15。

7.110~500kV架空送电线路导线或架空地线上的防振锤安装后,其安装距离误差不大于( C )mm。

(A)+30;(B) ±20;(C)±30;(D)±25。

8.安全带的机械试验周期是(B )。

(A)每年1次;(B)半年1次;(C)2年1次;(D)3个月1次。

9.线路杆塔的强度及相关参数应能满足在各种气象条件下,保持导线对地的(B )。

(A)安全距离;(B)最小距离;(C)最大距离;(D)平均距离。

10.根据110~500kV架空电力线路工程施工质量及评定规程,铁塔缺少两根辅助角钢是属于(B )性质的缺陷。

(A)一般;(B)关键;(C)重要;(D)记录。

11.导线和地线的初伸长对弧垂的影响一般采用(A )补偿。

(A)降温法;(B)升温法;(C)系数法;(D)插入法。

12.编制安全技术措施计划的原则是(B )。

(A)必要性和可行性原则;(B)从实际出发的原则;(C)轻重缓急统筹安排的原则;(D)领导和群众相结合的原则。

模拟卷02-2023高三生物对接新高考全真模拟试卷2(解析版)

模拟卷02-2023高三生物对接新高考全真模拟试卷2(解析版)

2023高三生物对接新高考全真模拟试卷2一、选择题:本题共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)和肺炎双球菌均可引发肺炎,两者结构不同。

新冠病毒是具外套膜的正链单股RNA病毒,其遗传物质是目前所有RNA病毒中最大的,该病毒在宿主细胞内的增殖过程如图所示,a~e表示相应的生理过程。

下列有关叙述错误的是( )A.新冠病毒必须寄生在活细胞中才能繁殖B.e过程需要成熟的mRNA、tRNA、氨基酸、ATP、核糖体等C.新冠病毒在宿主细胞内形成子代的过程可以体现中心法则的全过程D.a~e 过程均存在A-U的形成和解开【答案】C【解析】病毒都必须寄生在活细胞中才能繁殖,繁殖过程中蛋白质合成所需要的物质、能量和工具均由宿主细胞提供;新冠病毒为RNA病毒,其繁殖过程只涉及到RNA的复制和翻译,并未涉及中心法则全过程;a~e 过程均存在A-U的形成和解开。

故C错误。

解析:病毒都必须寄生在活细胞中才能繁殖,繁殖过程中蛋白质合成所需要的物质、能量和工具均由宿主细胞提供;新冠病毒为RNA病毒,其繁殖过程只涉及到RNA的复制和翻译,并未涉及中心法则全过程;a~e 过程均存在A-U的形成和解开。

故C错误。

2.A和a,B和b为一对同源染色体上的两对等位基因。

有关有丝分裂和减数分裂叙述正确的是()A. 多细胞生物体内都同时进行这两种形式的细胞分裂B. 减数分裂的两次细胞分裂前都要进行染色质DNA的复制C. 有丝分裂的2个子细胞中都含有Aa,减数分裂Ⅰ的2个子细胞中也可能都含有AaD. 有丝分裂都形成AaBb型2个子细胞,减数分裂都形成AB、Ab、aB、ab型4个子细胞【答案】C【解析】A、生物体内有些特殊的细胞如生殖器官中的细胞既能进行有丝分裂又能进行减数分裂,但体细胞只进行有丝分裂,A错误;B、减数分裂只在第一次分裂前进行染色质DNA的复制,B错误;C、有丝分裂得到的子细胞染色体组成与亲代相同,得到的2个子细胞中都含有Aa;减数分裂Ⅰ若发生交叉互换,则得到的2个子细胞中也可能都含有Aa,C 正确;D、有丝分裂得到的子细胞染色体组成与亲代相同,都形成AaBb型2个子细胞;因A和a,B和b为一对同源染色体上的两对等位基因,若不考虑交叉互换,则减数分裂能得到两种类型(AB、ab或Ab、aB)的子细胞,D错误。

中职语文春季高考模拟试卷2(后附详细答案解析)

中职语文春季高考模拟试卷2(后附详细答案解析)

中职语文春季高考模拟试卷语文试题注意事项:1.本试卷为120分,考试时间为100分钟。

2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目填写在密封线内。

3.答题前,用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试题卷上。

一、选择题。

1、词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一组是()A、炽(chì)热粗犷(guǎng)为虎作伥(chāng)B、发酵(xiào)骈(piàn)体缠绵悱(fēi)恻C、间(jiàn)隔劲(jìn)旅动辄(zé)得咎D、杉(shān)木不禁(jìn)牝(pìn)鸡司晨2、下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是()A、股份公司份内份外省份年份一份文件B、反应灵活反映情况强烈反应反映真实C、致命一击致关重要闲情逸致专心致志D、火中取栗不足为训不堪之论祸起萧墙3、下列各句中,表达得体的一句是()A. 为了欢迎您的到来,我们用一天的时间准备了这件礼物,您就心领了吧。

B. 我并无昆玉,一想到年事已高的父母,就觉得应该努力工作了。

C. 对于文学社的征稿事宜,我还有不明白的地方,因此我特地垂询了一下。

D. 他出了一本书,在扉页上写上“请您雅正”,便迫不及待地给老师送去了。

4、下面选项填入横线处,构成比喻最恰当的一项是()生活中,我们有时会遭遇无意的伤害,但请记住,我们不可以为之抛弃了那一颗宽容之心。

这就犹如_______________。

(2分)A牛虻叮上几口,老牛决不为此而停止耕耘 B马蹄踩踏到了鲜花,鲜花依旧簇拥着马蹄。

C你不让它做一颗明星,它甘愿做一盏小灯。

D山崩造成断崖,断崖却形成了壮观的瀑布。

5.下列句子标点符号的使用,正确的一句是 ( )A.为了对演出市场及演员进行规范管理,文化部近日发出了“演员个人营业演出活动管理暂行办法”。

B.失衡的天平如何指向公平,畸形的制度安排和设计如何趋向正义,农村与城市、政府与市场、产业化与公共性,天平上的这个加减法到底应该怎么算,值得每个教育工作者思考。

一级建造师《建设工程项目管理》真题模拟试卷二(带答案解析)

一级建造师《建设工程项目管理》真题模拟试卷二(带答案解析)

一建工程项目管理第 1题:单选题(本题1分)关于工期索赔的说法,正确的是()。

A.所有的关键线路延误都是可索赔延误B.所有的非关键线路延误都是不可索赔延误C.非承包商原因造成的非关键工作延误超过其总时差,业主一般既给予工期顺延,也给予费用补偿D.可索赔延误与不可索赔延误同时发生,可索赔延误将变成不可索赔延误【正确答案】:D第 2题:单选题(本题1分)基于互联网的项目信息门户属于电子商务(E—Business)两大分支中的()。

A.电子支付工作B.电子管理工作C.电子共同工作D.电子决策工作【正确答案】:C【答案解析】:电子商务(E-Business)两个分支:(1)电子商业/贸易,如电子采购,供应链管理;(2)电子共同工作,如项目信息门户,在线项目管理。

所以C正确。

第 3题:单选题(本题1分)建设工程项目质量管理的PDCA循环中,质量计划阶段的主要任务是()。

A.明确质量目标并制定实现目标的行动方案B.展开工程项目的施工作业技术活动C.对计划实施过程进行科学管理D.对质量问题进行原因分析,采取措施予以纠正【正确答案】:A第 4题:单选题(本题1分)建立建设工程项目质量控制系统时,首先应完成的工作是()。

A.制定系统质量控制制度B.编制系统质量控制计划C.分析系统质量控制界面D.确立系统质量控制网络【正确答案】:D第 5题:单选题(本题1分)建设项目工程总承包方编制项目设计建议书的依据是()。

A.可行性研究报告B.项目建议书C.项目建设纲要D.项目管理规划【正确答案】:C第 6题:单选题(本题1分)检查企业领导和员工对安全生产方针的认识程度,对建立健全安全生产管理和安全生产规章制度的重视程度。

此项检查属于()。

A.查管理B.查思想C.查制度D.查整改【正确答案】:B第 7题:单选题(本题1分)关于施工合同分析的说法,正确的是()。

A.合同分析就是分析合同中的漏洞,发现索赔的机会B.合同分析中对于发包人,主要分析发包人的监督责任C.工程变更的补偿范围越大,承包人风险就越小D.对于拖欠工程款的合同责任的分析是合同价格分析的重点内容【正确答案】:D第 8题:单选题(本题1分)对于承包商自有的施工机械,当发生索赔事件时,其费用索赔通常按照()进行计算。

2023-2024学年小学语文三年级上册期末模拟试卷二(部编版含答案)

2023-2024学年小学语文三年级上册期末模拟试卷二(部编版含答案)

2023-2024学年三年级语文上册期末模拟试卷二(部编版)(时间:90分钟 满分:100分)卷首寄语:亲爱的小朋友,经过一个学期的学习,你一定有不少的收获吧!请仔细审题,看清要求,认真答卷,祝你考出好成绩,加油!一、卷面书写。

(3分)1.把请正确抄写下面句子,要求做到书写规范、整洁、行款整齐、美观。

生活中不缺少美,只是缺少发现美的眼睛。

二、填空题。

(共26分)2.读下面一段话,根据拼音在田字格里规范地写词语。

(5分)小妹妹用各种yán liào 在纸上画了很多图案,有là zhú、zh ī zh ū、m ǎ y ǐ,还有鸟的chì b ǎng等,我们给妹妹起了一个外号叫“小画家”。

3.比一比,再组词。

(5分)挡( ) 载( ) 杨( ) 飘( ) 匆( )档( ) 栽( ) 扬( ) 漂( ) 忽( )4.把词语补充完整,并选词填空。

(8分)披( )散( ) ( )忙( )乱 ( )高( )爽( )( )累累 四( )( )稳 ( )红( )赤(1)学生要注意仪容仪表,不可以。

(2)树上,压得树枝都弯下来了。

5.根据所学知识填空。

(8分)(1)有理走遍天下,______________。

(2)_________________,一个好汉三个帮。

(3)乱入池中看不见,__________________。

(【唐】王昌龄《采莲曲》)(4)_________________,潭面无风镜未磨。

(【唐】刘禹锡《望洞庭》)(5)两岸青山相对出,__________________。

(【唐】李白《望天门山》)(6)_________________,淡妆浓抹总相宜。

(【宋】苏轼《饮湖上初晴后雨》)(7)朝辞白帝彩云间,__________________。

(【唐】李白《朝发白帝城》)(8)___________________,最是橙黄橘绿时。

(【宋】苏轼《赠刘憬文》)三、选择题。

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LA物理师模拟(二)一单选题(共120小题,每小题只有一个选项是正确的)1 下列哪种射线不是放射性核素发出的:A (射线B (射线C X射线D 正电子E 中子2 镭-226是典型的(衰变核素,它或通过发射4.78 MeV (粒子直接到氡-222基态,或是发射4.60 MeV ( 粒子到氡-222的激发态,再通过发射(射线跃迁到基态。

问发射的(射线能量是多少?A 4.78 MeVB 4.60 MeVC 4.78 MeV 和4.60 MeVD 0.18 MeVE 9.38 MeV3 放射性核素钴-60的射线平均能量(Mev)和半衰期分别是:A 0.83 1590aB 1.25 5.27aC 0.662 33.0aD 0.36 74.2dE 0.028 59d4 X射线与物质相互作用中,哪一种相互作用X射线仅损失部分能量:A.光电效应B.电子对效应C.相干效应D.康普顿散射E.光核反应5 如下哪种粒子或射线可引起原子间接电离:A 电子B 质子C (粒子D 重离子E X(()光子6 带电粒子与物质相互作用中,单位长度的电离损失用下述哪个物理量表示:A 线性碰撞阻止本领B质量碰撞阻止本领 C 线性辐射阻止本领D 质量辐射阻止本领E 传能线密度7 如下哪一种射线(或粒子)的射线质是用射程表示:A 200KV X射线B 400KV X射线C 6MV X射线D 10MV X射线E 电子线8 质能吸收系数是用来描述A X(()射线与物质相互作用中,单位长度的能量损失份额B X(()射线与物质相互作用中,单位质量厚度的能量损失C X(()射线与物质相互作用中,单位质量厚度被物质吸收的能量份额D X(()射线与物质相互作用中,单位长度被物质吸收的能量份额E带电粒子与物质相互作用中,单位质量被物质吸收的能量份额9 医用直线加速器与电子感应加速器相比,具有哪些优势?A 输出剂量率高B剂量输出稳定性好,射野范围大C输出剂量率高,剂量输出稳定性好D射野范围大,体积小E输出剂量率高,剂量输出稳定性好,射野范围大,体积小10 钴60治疗机和医用电子加速器的共同点是:A 结构复杂,不易出故障B 结构复杂,容易出故障C 结构复杂,不易出故障,无须定期检测D 结构简单,易于出故障,需定期检测E 结构简单,不易出故障11 碘-125源常用于什么疾病的治疗?A 皮肤癌B 淋巴瘤C 眼内黑色素瘤D 宫颈癌E 食管癌12 哪项不是产生X射线的必要条件?A 电子源B 真空盒C 加速电场D 靶E 滤过板13 半影的表示方法哪项正确?A P90%-10%B P90%-20%C P80%-10%D P95%-10%E P95%-20%14 用于放射治疗的重离子是指元素周期表()号元素以前的原子核离子。

A 10B 12C 14D 16 E1815在小照射野条件下,应用平行板电离室测量较低能量的电子束剂量分布劣于半导体探头的原因是:A体积较大B对侧向散射反应不灵敏 C 受“热效应”影响大D 易受环境及温度影响E 受照射野大小影响16 能调节各射野照射靶区内某一点的时间的方式是:A 一维物理楔形板B 动态楔形板C多叶准直器动态扫描 D 多叶准直器静态扫描 E 笔形束电磁扫描17 下列关于等剂量分布的描述,错误的是:A 射线能量影响等剂量分布的形状和物理半影的宽度B 低能X射线在线束边缘出现剂量不连续现象C 随着能量升高,射野中心部分等剂量曲线由平直逐渐弯曲D 半影越大,线束边缘等剂量曲线的弯曲越明显E 低能X线的边缘散射多,并随射野增大18 无限大射野内任意离轴点的剂量率与相同深度处中心轴上相应点的剂量率之比是:A 原射线的离轴比B 射野的边界因子C 射野的对称性D射野的平坦度E 射野的均质性19 以下描述错误的是:A 低能X射线加入楔形板后射线质变硬B 钴-60γ线射线质不受楔形板影响C 对钴-60治疗机和加速器,楔形因子不随射野中心轴上的深度改变D 对于通用型系统,楔形因子随射线宽度而变化E 楔形因子定义为加和不加楔形板对射野中心轴上某一点剂量率之比20 关于照射野对百分深度剂量的影响,哪项错误?A 照射野越大,影响越大B 电子束射程越短,影响越大C 低能时,影响较大D 当照射野的直径大于电子束射程的1/2时,影响较小E 当照射野的直径大于电子束射程的2/3时,影响较大21 OUF因子与Sc,Sp,Scp的关系表达式是:A Sp(FSZ)= Scp/OUF= Scp/ScB Sp(FSZ)= OUF/ Scp= Sc/ ScpC Sc= Scp/OUF= Scp/ SpD Sc= OUF/ Scp= Sp / ScpE OUF=(Sc+Sp)/Scp22 电子束百分深度剂量随源皮距增加而变化的特点,哪项错误:A 表面剂量增加B 最大剂量深度变深C X射线污染增加D 剂量梯度变陡E 高能电子束较低能电子束变化显著23 TAR的定义是:A 肿瘤中心(固定野的等中心)处小体积软组织中的吸收剂量率与同一空间位置空气中一小体积软组织内的吸收剂量率之比。

B肿瘤中心(旋转中心)处小体积软组织中的吸收剂量率与同一空间位置空气中一小体积软组织内的吸收剂量率之比。

C同一空间位置空气中一小体积软组织内的吸收剂量率与肿瘤中心(固定野的等中心)处小体积软组织中的吸收剂量率之比D同一空间位置空气中一小体积软组织内的吸收剂量率与肿瘤中心(旋转中心)处小体积软组织中的吸收剂量率之比E空气组织比24 设θ为两楔形野中心轴交角,则两楔形野交角照射时,所选楔形角α为:A α=900-(θ/2)B α=900+(θ/2)C α=900-θD α=900+θE α=(900-θ)/225 近距离照射放射源强度的表示方法中,比较给定放射性核素和镭-226在同一特定点位置造成的照射量率的概念表达是:A 毫克镭当量B 参考照射量率C 显活度D 空气比释动能强度E空气比释动能率常数TBI(全身照射)时,在患者和混凝土墙之间增加吸收屏的目的是:A 增加射线的吸收B 减小反向散射C增加皮肤剂量 D 增加剂量在患者体内的建成E 增加反向散射TBI(分次全身照射)与白内障有明显的相关性吗?A 有B 无C 与分次数有关D 与剂量率有关E 不确定28 TBI(全身照射)现在常用的技术要求是:A 延长距离2-3米B 机架旋转45度C 治疗头旋转90度D 照射野的对角线平行于患者的长轴方向E 垂直照射29 TBI(全身照射)中,肺剂量与间质性肺炎发生率的关系是:A 无阈值B具有一定的阈值,约在5-7.5GyC具有一定的阈值,约在5.5-7GyD具有一定的阈值,约在7.5-8GyE具有一定的阈值,约在8-9.5Gy30 “跟随作用”描述的是()的几何尺寸取决于()的大小A X射线准直器电子束准直器B X射线准直器体表限束器C电子束准直器X射线准直器D电子束准直器体表限束器E 体表限束器X射线准直器31 双机架角多野技术在治疗部位的电子束平均能量为()Mev。

A 2.3B 2.4C 3.4D 4.3E 4.432 双对称旋转技术在治疗部位的电子束平均能量为(Mev):A 2.3B 2.4C 3.4D 4.3E 4.433 电子束旋转治疗时的β角,射野宽W和曲率半径r 的关系是:A W=2rSin(β/2)/*1-(f/r)Cos(β/2)+B W=2rSin(β/2)/*1-(r/f)Cos(β/2)+C W=2rSin(f/2)/[1-(r/f)Cos(β/2)+D W=2rSin(β/2)/*1-(r/f)Cos(f/2)]E W=2rCos (β/2)/*1-(r/f) Sin (β/2)+34 关于高能电子束的百分深度剂量, 描述错误的是:A 剂量建成区B 低剂量坪区C 高剂量坪区D 剂量跌落区E X射线污染区35 电子束和X(γ)线在皮肤表面相交,会在衔接处出现剂量冷点和热点,其原因是电子束照射野产生的( ).A 侧向散射B 反向散射C 偏转D 半影E 加速36 近距离照射中, 距离源1cm和3cm 之间的剂量变化为:A 1倍B 3倍C 6倍D 9倍E 16倍37 为防止高剂量率照射引起治疗增益比的下降,可采用分次大剂量照射,其所用分次剂量为:A 0.4 Gy B0.5 Gy C 2 Gy D 5 Gy E 12 Gy38 现代近距离照射中,模拟线源时假设驻留位为N,相邻驻留位之间的距离为S, 则距离源()之内,模拟源的剂量分布为波浪形,且离放射源距离越近越明显.A N/2B S/2C NSD N/SE S/N39 采用等中心方法, 拍摄两张互相垂直的影象片, 此种放射源的定位技术称为:A 正交技术B 立体平移技术C 立体交角技术D 立体斜交技术E 旋转技术40 曼彻斯特系统规定,若放射源不能形成封闭的辐射平面,则治疗的面积会有所减少,一般单侧无交叉,面积减少:A 5%B 10%C 15%D 20%E 25%41 曼彻斯特系统规定,辐射平面的面积决定周边源与中心源强度之比,当面积小于25 cm2时,二者的比值是:A 1/4 B1/3 C 1/2 D 2/3 E 4/542 关于巴黎系统的插植基本规则,描述错误的是:A 所有的放射源的线比释动能率相等B 放射源是相互平行的直线源C 插植时各直线源强度及长度相等D 各源的中心在同一平面,即中心平面E 多平面插植放射源排列为长方形或等边三角形。

43 巴黎系统规定,单平面插植最多使用9根放射源,三角形双平面插植最多也使用9根放射源,而正方形排列为()根放射源。

A 8B 9C 10D 11E 1244 肿瘤组织内的克隆源性细胞数,通常用肿瘤的()表示。

A SF2B TpotC T分期D N分期E M分期45 关于不对称射野,下列描述错误的是:A 不对称射野是指射野中心轴线偏离线束中心轴的射野B IEC1217号标准规定,当叶片位于不对称射野坐标系的正方向时,叶片位置为正C 不对称射野由独立准直器的四个叶片形成D 不对称射野用于共面相邻野衔接时,会在相邻区出现剂量不均匀现象E 不对称射野可以实施弯曲形靶区的等中心旋转切线照射技术46 照射区是指对一定的照射技术及射野安排,()等剂量线面所包括的范围。

A 50%B 80%C 90% D95% E 100%47 靶剂量的定义是:A PTV内接受的最大剂量B PTV内接受的平均剂量C 靶区内接受的最大剂量D 靶区内接受的平均剂量E 肿瘤得到控制或治愈的肿瘤致死剂量48 测量出射剂量时,在患者表面放置足够厚的反散射材料的目的是:A便于测量B消除剂量跌落效应的影响 C 保证测量的精确性D保证测量的安全性 E 以上均错49 临床剂量学四原则是关于()的描述。

A 治疗比B 治疗原则C 治疗方案D 治疗防护E 治疗方案优劣50 X(γ)线与电子束混合照射的物理学原理是利用了:A 电子束的皮肤剂量较高B 电子束的深部剂量较低C X(γ)线的皮肤剂量较低D X(γ)线的深部剂量较高E 以上都对51 宫颈癌组织间插植的优点是:A 止血效果好B 操作简便C 局部肿块消除快D 可根据肿瘤形状调整插植排列E 以上各项52 腔内照射应用最广泛的是:A 乳腺癌B 宫颈癌C 子宫内膜癌D 直肠癌E 卵巢癌53 宫颈癌体外照射模拟机定位的盆腔照射野的标志为:A L4-5间隙水平B 闭孔下缘C 股骨头内1/2D 以体中轴为中线两侧对称E 以上各项54 下列哪项的技术摆位要点是机架转角一定要准确。

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