九年级英语上册第二单元知识点(新版)仁爱版

Unit 2 Topic1 Pollution has caused too many problems.
Ⅰ.词汇归纳:
1.noise (n.) 噪音– noisy (adj.) 嘈杂的 voice 嗓音sound 声音
2.chemistry (n.)化学– chemical (n./ adj.) 化学的/化学品– chemist (n.) 化学家
3.leaf – leaves (pl.) 树叶
4.butterfly – butterflies (pl.) 蝴蝶
5.pollute (v.) – pollution ( n.) 污染
5.produce (v.) 生产--- producer ( n.) 生产者
6.breathe (v.) – breath (n.)呼吸
7.harm (v.) – harmful (adj.)损害
8.hear ( v.) 听见– hearing (n.)听力lose one’s hearing / have hearing loss 丧失听力
9.lose (v.) – loss (n.) 丧失
fort (v.) --- comfortable (adj.) 舒适– uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒适
11.please (v.) 取悦– pleased (adj.)感到高兴– pleasant (adj.)令人愉快 --- unpleasant
(adj.)令人不愉快
12.environment (n.) – environmental (adj.) 环境 environmental problems 环境（问题）
13.create (v.) – creative (adj.) --- creation (n.)创造
Ⅱ. 词组归纳:
14.bear to do sth. /bear doing sth. 忍受做某事
15.no better than 和…几乎一样差
16.It’s reported that…据报道…
17.several hundred / thousand / million / billion 几百/千/百万/十亿
18.pour … into…把…倒入…
16.cut it / them down 砍倒17.be harmful to / do harm to sb / sth 对…有害18.high blood pressure 高血压
19.look weak 看起来虚弱
20.be gone / disappeared 消失
21.be in a good / bad mood 心情好/不好
22.care for 关注, 关心
23.throw it / them around 把…乱扔
24.go deaf 变聋
25.all sorts / kinds of 各种各样
26.be good for / be bad for 对…有益/害
27.had better (not) do sth 最好（不）做…
28.What a mess! 多么杂乱啊！
29.What a shame ! 多么可惜啊！
Ⅲ. 重点句子:
1. You could see bees and butterflies dancing.你可以看到蜜蜂蝴蝶在飞舞。

2.The flowers and grass have gone. 花和草不见了。

3.What’s worse, the factory makes too much noise. 更为糟糕的是，工厂发出太多的噪音。

4.There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.
有几家化工厂往小溪排放废水。

5.Everything has changed. 一切都改变了。

6.I’ve got a pain in my throat. 我喉咙疼。

7.How long have you been like this? I’ve been like this since last week.
你像这样有多久了？从上个星期以来就一直这样。

8.Litter makes a mess of our environment, so people shouldn’t throw it around.
垃圾使我们的环境一团糟，所以我们不应该乱扔垃圾。

9.Not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’heath.
不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染并且对人类健康一样有害。

not 与 both, all, every 及 every 的派生词连用时表示部分否定；
如： Not everybody likes watching TV. 不是每个人都喜欢看电视。

--- neither, none, nothing, nobody, no one 表示全部否定。

如：Neither of the students likes reading. 这两个学生都不喜欢看书。

10.It was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do.
据报道美国许多青少年的听力和 65 岁老人的听力一样差。

11.There are many kinds of pollution around us, including air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution, water pollution and so on.
我们周围有许多污染，包括空气污染，土地污染，噪音污染，光污染，水污染等等。

12.With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. 随着人口的增长和工业的发展，垃圾到处都是。

13.With less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better.
随着污染的减少，我们的星球更环保我们的身体更健康。

14.Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well. 太多的噪音也能导致高血压。

15.Farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. / Farmers use too many chemicals which destroy the soil in their fields. 定语从句（修饰 chemicals）
在田里，农民们过多的使用化肥。

/ 在田里，农民们使用太多的破坏土壤的化肥。

16.Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.
定语（修饰 people）很多生活在飞机场附近的人也丧失了听力。

17.People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf.在噪音条件下工作和生活的人易变聋。

定语从句（修饰 people）
Ⅳ.Grammar:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；表示过去的时间状语有 yesterday , last week , a moment ago，in 2013 等。

现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：
⑴现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。

⑵现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。

因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。

⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。

⑷现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times
（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。

Exercises:
一．句型转换
1、The old man last year.
He _________ for a year. (die) （动词适当形式填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory
_________
________ for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years _ .
5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years the Green family moved to Fra nce.
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________
二．用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4.Half an hour ______________ (pass) since the train (leave).
5.Mary___________(lose) her pen. ________ you (see) it here and there?
6._________ you (find) your watch yet?
7.---Are you thirsty? ---No, I _________just (have) some orange.
8.We ---- already (return) the book.
9.__________ they (build) a new school in the village?
10.I (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11.My father (read) the novel twice.
12.I (buy) a book just now.
13.I (lost ) my watch yesterday.
Unit 2 Topic 2 All these problems are serious.
一、短语
blow strongly （风）吹得猛
cut sth. down 砍伐
as a result 结果是
change/turn into 变成
change/turn…into…把……变成
blow/wash/take… away 把……吹走/冲走/带走
human beings = humans 人类
such +n. that…如此……以至于
so+ adj. that…如此……以至于
live a happy/quiet life 过上快乐/安静的生活
come into being 形成
stop/prevent …(from) doing 阻止……做某事
keep…from doing 阻止……做某事
in danger of 处于……的危险中
die out 灭绝
plenty of 大量的，充足的
come to understand/know 开始（逐渐）明白/知道
the importance of 的重要性do/try one’s best to do 尽力做某事It says (that)…它说
It is said that…据说
something useful/important 一些有用/重要的事
none of 中一个也没
here and there = everywhere 到处
in public 在公共场合
walk on grass 践踏草地
care for 关心、关注
make noise 制造噪音
too many n.(pl.) 太多
too much n.(U) 太多
much too adj. 太
worst of all 最糟糕的是
in the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在……的开端
during this period 在这期间
in many ways 在很多方面
all over/around/throughout/in the world 全世界
millions of 上百万的
have health problems 有健康方面的问题
pass through…通过…
mainly come from 主要来自
refer to 涉及，提到
environmental problems 环境问题
seem to do 似乎
seem +adj. 似乎
It seems that…似乎
the shortage of ……的短缺
be short of 缺少，短缺
avoid doing 避免做某事
make progress 取得进步
in the field 在这个领域
day by day 一天天的
be covered by/with 被……覆盖
pass laws against…通过反对……的法律
break/disobey the rule 打破规则
follow/obey the rule 遵守规则
make the rule 制定规则
the level of the oceans 海平面二、句子
1.While I was walking down the street just now, I couldn’t see anything.
刚才当我在街上走的时候，什么也看不清。

2.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类，动植物有害。

3.Although we have built “The Green Great Wall”, we still need to do something to protect the environment. 尽管我们已经建立了“绿色长城”，但我们仍然需要做一些事来保护环境。

4.As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert. 结果，许多肥沃的土地变成了
沙漠。

5.None of us likes pollution. 我们中没人喜欢污染。

6.We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 我们应该尽一切努力来保护环境。

7.The government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
政府正在做一些有用的事来保护环境。

8.We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there. 我们不该到处乱扔垃圾。

三、语法：不定代词(副词) 1.肯定句用 some-,否定句、疑问句用 any-
eg: I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。

I couldn’t see anything in the blackboard. 我看不见黑板上的东西。

2.不定代词在句中可作主语、表语和宾语。

eg: Everyone in our class likes sports. 我们班人人都爱运动。

I know nothing about China. 我对中国一无所知。

Money isn’t everything. 金钱不是一切。

3.不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: Somebody is waiting for you at the gate of school. 有人在校门口等你。

Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。

4.不定代词的定语要后置。

eg: I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事要告诉你。

The government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
政府正在做一些有用的事来保护环境。

Unit 2 Topic3 What can we do at home to protect the environment ?
一、重点词汇
（一）词形变换
anization(动词) organize
2.recycle (动名词) recycling
3. follow (形容词) following
4.electricity (形容词) electric
5. move (名词) movement
6. quick (副词) quickly
7. environment (形容词) environmental 8. protect (名词) protection
（二）重点词组
environmental protection 环境的保护
work for…为……工作
spread message about…宣传有关……讯息
reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
both sides of ………的两面
save money/ energy/ electricity /resources 节省钱/ 能源/ 电、资源
be supposed to do sth. 应当做某事
reuse plastic bags 重复使用塑料袋encourage students to collect waste paper 鼓励学生们收集废纸fail the exam / pass the exam 考试失败、考试过关
Nodding means agreement. 点头意味着同意
Shaking means disagreement 摇头意味着不同意
so much garbage 这么多垃圾
to be a greener person 成为一名环保人、（绿色使者）
ought to shut off the electricity 应当关掉电源
travel a short distance 短途旅行
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be busy with sth
11.nod /shake the head 点/摇头
12.take a cloth bag when you go shopping 去购物时带上布袋
13.ought to do 应当做某事
14.turn off /on/ down/up 关/开/开大/关小….
15.grow fruits and vegetables 种蔬菜和水果
16.after all 毕竟
17.produce energy from coal 从煤中获取能源
e nuclear energy 使用核能
e biogas technology 使用沼气技术
20.reach a top speed of …达到…..最高时速
21.no wheel noise 没有轮子噪音
22.the lung of the earth 地球的肺
23.run out 用完，耗尽
24.remove….from 从。

去除
25.provide wood to build houses 提供木材建造房屋
26.face many difficulties 面临许多困难
27.bite the planters on their legs, arms and faces 咬种植者的腿，胳膊和脸
28.pick the litter up 捡起垃圾
29.produce …from …利用…来产生.. produce… by…通过…来产生…
30.make a short journey 短途旅行
二、重点句型
1.…my main job is to help spread message about protecting the environment.
我主要的工作是帮助做有关保护环境的宣传。

2.It’s kind of you to do that. 你那样做真是太好了。

3.Would you like to be a greener person? 你想成为一名绿色使者吗？
4.Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

5.Actions speak louder than words. 百说不如一干；事实胜于雄辩。

6.Everyone is supposed to do it. 每个人都应该那样做。

be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事；必须做某事；相当于 should; 用于否定句时，表“允许”；如：
Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。

You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟
7.First, you ought to shut off the electricity when you leave a room.
首先，当你离开房间的时候，应该随手关闭电源。

ought to 情态动词, 表“应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强;指道义上应该做的事,有时含有责备或督促的语气。

should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。

如：
You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。

We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。

其否定式和疑问式：
You oughtn’t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。

Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗？
Yes, you ought. No, you oughtn’t.
8.It takes people just 7minutes to go to the airport 30 km away.
它只需 7 分钟 30 千米外的地方到达机场
It takes ( took ) sb. some time to do sth. 某人花…..时间做某事…..
Eg. It took the planters two days to carry heavy bags of small trees to the mountain top.
种植者花了两天把装有小树苗的沉重袋子背到山顶
三．语法：并列句
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句 (compound sentence)。

并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。

并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。

并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号（但
however、therefore、otherwise 等并列连词前后都常有逗号）。

常见的并列句结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。

这种简单句常被叫做分句
I help him and he helps me.我帮助他，他帮助我。

（and）
This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 这是我们的第一堂课，因此我不知道大家的名字。

(并列连词 so 前有逗号）
She likes bread and milk, but she doesn't like eggs at all. 她喜欢面包和牛奶，但她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋。

（并列连词是 but）
You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年。

（并列连词是 yet）
Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到。

（并列连词是 or）
并列连词
并列连词（或连接副词）根据不同含义，分为如下几类：
表示连接，常用的有 and ， not only...but also ，neither...nor 等。

Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.
眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。

Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。

Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him.
这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他。

（1）表示转折，常用的有 but、yet、sill、however、while 等。

We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.
在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦。

The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn't find any work.
这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到。

Certainly he apologized, however, I won't forgive him.
他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他。

Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could.
他反问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。

（2）表示选择，常用的有 or、or else、otherwise、otherwise、either...or 等。

They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt.
他们必须从炉火边拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。

Take this bus or else you won't get there in time. 搭这辆
公共汽车吧，否则你将无法及时到达那里。

Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry.
努力用功，否则你会后悔。

Either you are mad or I am. 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。

（3）表示原因，只有 for 一个词。

They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they? 他们常常听说过大象，但从来没看到过，因为他们是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？
（4）表示结果，常用的有 so、therefore。

It's time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
这是一年中收割稻谷的时期，因此，我每天都从早到晚的劳动。

He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car.
他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。

11。