高三英语语法复习之名词性从句

1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时， that在句中不担任任何成分，在 口语或非正式的文体中常被省 去，但如从句是并列句时,第二 个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、 命令、建议、决定等意义的动 词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。
I know that he studies English every day.
I know that he studied English last term.
I know (that) he will study English next year.
We all know that he has studied English since 1998.
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗 示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持 认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中 应该用陈述语气。
1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名 作家的。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
在复合句中起名词作用的从 句叫做名词性从句。
主语从句 表语从句 名ຫໍສະໝຸດ 性从句 宾语从句同位语从句
引导名词性从句的关联词
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever
连接副词 how, why, when, where however, wherever
连接词 that, whether, if, because as if /as though（不充当 从句的任何成分）
3)用whether或if引导的宾语句
whether和if均可引导动词后的 宾语从句，常可互换。但从句 中有or not时或介词后的宾语从 句中只能用whether连接。其它 名词性从句，如：主语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句只用 whether.
介词后的宾语从句一般不用 which和if引导，要用whether和 what。that也很少引导介词宾语 从句，只在except, but, besides等 之后才用。
I don’t care about whether you
have money or not. Everything depends on whether
we have enough money.
4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句 谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓 语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓 语动词可以用各种时态；
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
That he stole a bike was true.
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。如果是两 个或两个以上的主语从句作主 语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
如果主句中的谓语动词用了一 般过去时，则从句中的语动只 能用过去时的某种形式，如一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去 将来时等；
Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常 用it 代替主语从句作形式主语 放于句首，而把主语从句置于 句末。主句的谓语动词一般用 单数形式。常用句型如下：
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊 奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等 语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary It’s important, It’s natural
2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语 从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主 语从句表语从句的关联词大致一 样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介 词及非谓语动词的宾语。
that在从句中无词义，只起连接 作用；连接代词和连接副词在 句中既保留自己的疑问含义、 又起连接作用，在从句中充当 成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown.
在名词性从句中一律用陈述句 的语序，即使从句表达的是疑 问含义。
The problem is what he has done to the little boy.
问题是他对那个小男孩做了些 什么。
1. 主语从句 在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that， whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连 接副词how,when,where, why等 词引导。