2013年广州中医药大学研究生英语考试
2013年广东听说考试真题(A-F卷)及答案
13年广东听说高考真题——APart A Reading AloudIn the heart of London sits one of Britain's most recognisable buildings. Yet its story is one of the least understood。
But what is now the site of a splendid palace was once open countryside. As royal residences go, Buckingham Palace is something of a newcomer。
The state rooms are less than 200 years old。
Yet its history is much older and more dramatic than you might think. Its rooms are filled with objects that are clues to the character of kings and queens past. And the art and architecture combine to make a statement about Britain’s place in the world. 101 英音视频总长：66秒字数：101 words语速:155—160 words per minute语音:女声英音非原声题材：建筑类句子分析：全为陈述句视频比去年清晰情景介绍时长30秒，对话时长55秒,总时长1分25秒语速：145 words per minute题材:访谈类,为热点话题。
音频:美音有杂音.材料字数：123 三问机答字数:106 总共字数：229三问部分:在将来的教室里互联网有什么用?Question 1：What is the use of the Internet in the future classroom？/ What is the Internet for in the future classroom? / What role will the Internet play in the futureclassroom？Answer 1：The Internet is the place for students to get information from. It is so easy to get information because you can find what you need within seconds。
2013考研真题英语1
2013考研真题英语1The 2013 Postgraduate English Exam Question 1In recent years, there has been a growing trend of individuals pursuing higher education in China. This can be seen through the increasing number of applicants for the postgraduate entrance examination. It is important to analyze the 2013 English exam question 1 from the perspective of those who took the exam. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the question, as well as offer strategies to effectively tackle similar questions in the future.The 2013 English exam question 1 focused on the topic of "social networking sites." Candidates were required to read a passage and then answer four multiple-choice questions based on the passage. The passage discussed the impact of social networking sites on social interactions and the advantages and disadvantages of such platforms.The passage began by stating that social networking sites have revolutionized the way people communicate and interact with each other. It highlighted the convenience and efficiency that these platforms offer in terms of connecting with friends, sharing information, and even finding job opportunities. The passage also mentioned the potential risks and negative effects of social networking sites, such as privacy concerns, addiction, and the spread of false information.The first question asked candidates about the main purpose of social networking sites. The correct answer was "to facilitate communication andconnection." This question aimed to test the candidates' understanding of the passage and their ability to identify the central idea.The second question focused on the advantages of social networking sites. The correct answer was "convenience." This question tested the candidates' ability to comprehend specific details and examples provided in the passage.The third question addressed the potential risks of social networking sites. The correct answer was "privacy concerns." This question tested the candidates' ability to grasp negative consequences mentioned in the passage and understand their implications.The fourth and final question asked candidates about the attitude of the author towards social networking sites. The correct answer was "neutral." This question aimed to test the candidates' ability to infer the author's perspective based on the provided information.To successfully approach such multiple-choice questions, it is crucial to follow some strategies. Firstly, candidates should carefully read the passage, paying attention to the main ideas and supporting details. This will provide a solid foundation for answering the questions correctly. Secondly, candidates should eliminate options that are clearly incorrect, narrowing down the choices to increase the chances of selecting the right answer. Thirdly, candidates should rely on their comprehension of the passage rather than making assumptions or guessing. Finally, time management is key to successfully completing all the questions within the allocated time.In conclusion, the 2013 English exam question 1 assessed candidates' understanding of the impact of social networking sites on social interactions.By carefully reading the passage and applying effective strategies, candidates were able to accurately answer the multiple-choice questions. It is important for future candidates to practice similar question formats and enhance their reading comprehension skills.。
2013广东英语b级试题及答案
2013广东英语b级试题及答案2013年广东英语B级考试涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和翻译等多个部分，以下是该试题的主要内容及答案。
听力部分：在听力测试中，考生需要根据所听到的内容回答问题。
这部分通常包括对话和短文理解，要求考生能够捕捉关键信息并做出正确判断。
阅读部分：阅读测试旨在评估考生对英语文章的理解能力。
文章类型多样，包括新闻报道、故事叙述、科技说明等。
考生需要根据文章内容回答问题，这不仅考验了他们的阅读速度，还考验了他们对细节和主旨的理解。
写作部分：写作测试要求考生根据给定的题目或情景撰写短文。
这部分考查了考生的英语表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
考生需要使用恰当的词汇、语法和句型来构建文章，同时保证内容的连贯性和逻辑性。
翻译部分：翻译测试分为英译汉和汉译英两个方向。
考生需要将英语句子翻译成中文，或者将中文句子翻译成英文。
这部分考查了考生对两种语言的掌握程度以及翻译技巧。
以下是部分试题及答案：听力部分（节选）：1. What time does the train leave?A. 8:00 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 10:00 a.m.Answer: B2. Where are they going for vacation?A. The beach.B. The mountains.C. The city.Answer: A阅读部分（节选）：Passage 1:The Smith family decided to go on a picnic this weekend. They packed their lunch and headed to the park. It was a sunny day, and they enjoyed playing games and having a good time.Question: Why did the Smith family go to the park?Answer: They went to the park for a picnic and to enjoy the sunny day.写作部分（节选）：Write an essay about the importance of environmental protection. (200 words minimum)Answer: Environmental protection is crucial for the survivalof our planet. With the rapid development of industries andthe increase in population, pollution has become asignificant threat to our environment. It is ourresponsibility to reduce waste, recycle, and conserve energyto ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.翻译部分（节选）：英译汉：3. The company is committed to providing high-quality products to its customers.Answer: 该公司致力于向客户提供高质量的产品。
广州中医药大学硕士研究生复试面试英语英文自我介绍
Self-introduction自我介绍Name：William Shakespeare Graduated University：×××××××××××Major：English Literature Admission Time：20XX-09-01—20XX-06-30Telephone：+86×××××××(MP)E-mail：520521××××@（后附范文5篇及10类常见问题解答,总有一个适合你！）20XX年XX月XX日目录范文一（英文） (3)范文一（中文） (4)范文二（英文） (5)范文二（中文） (6)范文三（英文） (7)范文三（中文） (9)范文四（英文） (10)范文四（中文） (11)范文五（英文） (12)范文五（中文） (16)十类常见问题解答 (17)（一）"What can you tell me about ......?". (18)（二）"What would you like to be doing......?" . (19)（三）"What is your greatest strength ?" (19)（四）"What is your greatest weakness?" (20)（五）"How do you feel about your progress to date?" (21)（六）行为面试问题 (21)（七）压力面试问题 (22)（八）案例面试问题 (22)（九）非常规问题 (23)（十）其他常见的英语面试问题 (24)范文一（英文）--适合医学、理、工、农、艺、政治经济学相关专业Good afternoon dear professors, my name is ××, it is really a great honor to have a chance for this interview.Now I‟ll introduce myself briefly. I am ××years old, born in ××province.I received my bachelor degree in 20××, supervised by Professor ××, in ××University.I have been interested in scientific research. In the past few years, I published more than ××（5）papers about numerical methods for the fractional PDE. Furthermore, I am participating in the research of two projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation. At the same time, I undertake a lot of teaching loads, more than ××（200）periods each year.However, with the time going on, the more I studied and experienced, the clearer I realized that I really need study further. Thus, I began to prepare for ××（the doctor‟s entrance examination）. Owing to my hard work, I passed the first examination. If I am given the chance of further study, I will work hard to enrich my knowledge and make myself to be a well-qualified ××（doctor）.I am very easy to get on with, so I have lots of friends. Sometimes I prefer staying alone, reading, surfing the internet to gain some latest news of my profession, also, I‟m keen on ××（playing basketball）.。
英语考研真题2013
英语考研真题2013In 2013, the English entrance examination for postgraduate study, commonly known as the English exam for postgraduate entrance, became a hot topic among those who were preparing for it. The exam was known for its difficulty and the high level of English proficiency required. This article aims to discuss the 2013 English exam for postgraduate entrance, its content, format, and strategies for success.The 2013 English exam for postgraduate entrance consisted of three sections: listening, reading comprehension, and writing. Each section tested different aspects of English language skills, including listening comprehension, reading comprehension, vocabulary, and writing proficiency.The listening section of the exam included multiple-choice questions based on short conversations and longer passages. It was designed to test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in a variety of contexts. The passages covered a wide range of topics, such as academic lectures, interviews, and everyday conversations.The reading comprehension section of the exam presented candidates with a series of passages followed by multiple-choice questions. The passages were taken from a variety of sources, including textbooks, articles, and essays. The questions required candidates to analyze and interpret the information in the passages, as well as demonstrate their understanding of the main ideas, supporting details, and the overall structure of the text.In the writing section, candidates were given a choice between two topics and were required to write an essay on one of them. The topicscovered a wide range of issues, including social, cultural, and scientific topics. Candidates were expected to organize their ideas logically, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and express their thoughts clearly and coherently.To prepare for the 2013 English exam for postgraduate entrance, candidates needed to focus on improving their overall English language proficiency. This included developing their listening and reading comprehension skills, expanding their vocabulary, and practicing their writing skills.Listening comprehension skills could be improved by listening to a variety of English materials, such as podcasts, movies, and songs. Candidates could also practice with mock exams and online listening exercises to familiarize themselves with the format and types of questions.Reading comprehension skills could be enhanced by reading a wide range of English texts, such as newspapers, magazines, and academic articles. Candidates could also practice with sample reading comprehension exercises and work on their speed reading and skimming techniques.Expanding vocabulary was crucial for success in the exam. Candidates could achieve this by regularly reading English materials, using vocabulary flashcards, and practicing with vocabulary exercises. Learning new words in context and using them in writing and speaking would help reinforce their understanding and usage.Developing writing skills required regular practice. Candidates could start by writing short paragraphs on various topics and gradually move on to writing full essays. It was important to pay attention to grammar, sentencestructure, and coherence. Seeking feedback from teachers or peers could also be beneficial in identifying areas for improvement.In conclusion, the 2013 English exam for postgraduate entrance in China was a challenging test that assessed candidates' listening, reading comprehension, and writing skills. To succeed in the exam, candidates needed to focus on improving their English language proficiency through regular practice, expanding their vocabulary, and familiarizing themselves with the exam format. Taking a systematic and strategic approach to preparation would greatly increase their chances of success.。
2013硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题
2013硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that__1_the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by_2_factors.But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big_3_was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with._4_,he theorised that a judge_5_of appearing too soft_6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison__7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To__8__this idea,they turned their attention to the university-admissions process.In theory,the____9___of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.He studied the results of9,323MBA interviews_12_by31admissions officers.The interviewers had_13_applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale_14_numerous factors into consideration.The scores were_15_used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT,a standardised exam which is_16_out of800points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75points or more higher than that of the one_17__that,then the score for the next applicant would_18_by an average of0.075points.This might sound small,but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been_20__.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following fourtexts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment4.[A]For example[B]On average[C]Inprinciple[D]Above all5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulText1In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poorgirl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-pius stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds, buy roughly20billion garments a year–about64items per person–and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes–and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment–including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]poor bargaining skill.[B]insensitivity to fashion.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shut out the feverish fashion world.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December2010America's Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a "do not track"(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer10,the versiondue to appear windows8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer,bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph1that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:[A]ease competition among themselves[B]lower their operational costs[C]avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27.“The industry”(Line6,Para.3)refers to:[A]online advertisers[B]e-commerce conductors[C]digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A]many cut the number of junk ads[B]fails to affect the ad industry[C]will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A]DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B]Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C]DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D]Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]skepticismText3Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldn't we?Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the"Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN),and you will read:"Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of today's technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.That's one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,andto improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A]our desire for lives of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and technology[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our belief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN’s“Red List”suggest that human being are[A]a sustained species[B]a threaten to the environment[C]the world’s dominant power[D]a misplaced race33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph5?[A]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D]Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world[C]draw on our experience from the past[D]curb our ambition to reshape history35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Uncertainty about Our Future[B]Evolution of the Human Species[C]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D]Science,Technology and HumanityText4On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an8-0defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrationslaw.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to"establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization"and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately"occupied the field"and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The8-0objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A]Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’independence from federal immigration law.[C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A]violated the Constitution.[B]undermined the states’interests.[C]supported the federal statute.[D]stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A]outweighs that held by the states.[B]is dependent on the states’support.[C]is established by federal statutes.[D]rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10points）The social sciences are flourishing.As of2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world,working both inside and outside academia.According to the World Social Science Report2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about11%every year since2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change,security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger,from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers.Here,too,the problems are social:the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raiseits influence in the real world.To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed”or“climate change”have increased rapidly since2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example.And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding(44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction.Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science;rather,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A]It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B]However,the numbers are still small:in2010,about1,600of the100,000social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C]the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,including health and demographic change food security,marine research and the bio-economy, clear,efficient energy;and inclusive,innovative and secure societies.[D]the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community,and what it considers to be its main goal.Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists,especially the young ones.[E]These issues all have root causes in human behavior.all require behavioral change and social innovations,as well as technological development.Stemming climate change,for example,is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F]Despite these factors,many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems.And in Europe,some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G]During the late1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government,higher education,non-profit and corporate-varied from around4%to25%;in most European nations,it is about15%.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them:the need for creative expression.There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,express,fashion,and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46)Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless,it strikes one that,for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges,beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a“still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T.S.Eliot.(47)A sacred place of peace,however crude it may be,is a distinctly human need,as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking,as it is for these unlikely gardens,the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.(48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to,or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.When we are deprived of green,of plants,of trees,(49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible,yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials,an institution of colors,small pool of water,and a frequent presence of petals or leaves aswell as of stuffed animals.On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level,seems to be the natural world.(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a“liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.In them we can see biophilia-a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,it strikes one that,for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace,however,crude it may be,is a distinctly human need,as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden,though in a“liberated”sense,to describe these synthetic constructions.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about100words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly.2)interpret its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题2013年
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题2013年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） (总题数：15，分数：15.00)A.A coughB.Diarrhea √C.A feverD.Vomiting解析：A.TuberculosisB.RhinitisryngitisD.Flu √解析：A.In his bag.B.By the lamp.C.In his house. √D.No idea about where he left it.解析：A.He’s nearly finished his work.B.He has to work for some more time. √C.He wants to leave now.D.He has trouble finishing his work.解析：A.A patientB.A doctorC.A teacherD.A student √解析：A.2.6B.3.5C.3.9D.136 √解析：A.He is the head of the hospital.B.He is in charge of Pediatrics.C.He went out looking for Dan.D.He went to Michigan on business. √解析：A.He has got a fever.B.He is a talented skier.C.He is very rich.D.He is a real ski enthusiast. √解析：A.To ask local people for help.B.To do as Romans do only when in Rome.C.Try to act like the people from that culture. √D.Stay with your country fellows.解析：A.She married because of loneliness.B.She married a millionaire.C.She married for money. √D.She married for love.解析：A.AspirantB.Courageous √C.CautiousD.Amiable解析：A.He was unhappy.B.He was feeling a bit unwell. √C.He went to see the doctor.D.The weather was nasty.解析：A.You may find many of them on the bookseller’ shelves.B.You can buy it from almost every bookstore.C.It’s a very popular magazine.√D.It doesn’t sell very well.解析：A.A general practitioner.B.A gynecologist. √C.An orthopedistD.A surgeon.解析：A.ChemotherapyB.RadiationC.Injections √D.Surgery解析：二、Section B (总题数：3，分数：15.00)A.It is a genetic disorder.B.It is a respiratory condition in pigs. √C.It is an illness from birds to humans.D.It is a gastric ailment.解析：A.Eating pork.B.Raising pigs. √C.Eating chicken.D.Breeding birds.解析：A.Running noseB.Inappetence √C.Pains all overD.Diarrhea解析：A.To stay from crowds. √B.To see the doctor immediately.C.To avoid medications.D.To go to the nearby clinic.解析：A.It is a debate.B.It is a TV program. √C.It is a consultation.D.It is a workshop.解析：A.About 10,000,000. √B.About 1,000,000.C.About 100,000.D.About 10,000.解析：A.A cocktail of vitamins.B.A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium. √C.The combination of vitamins A, C and E.D.The combination of minerals.解析：A.The delicate structures of the inner ear. √B.The inner ear cells.C.The eardrums.D.The inner ear ossicles.解析：A.General Motors.B.The United Auto Workers.C.NIH √D.All of above.解析：A.An industrial trial in Spain.itary trials in Spain and Sweden.C.Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden. √D.A trial involving students at the University of Florida. 解析：A.The link between obesity and birth defects. √B.The link between obesity and diabetes.C.The risk of birth abnormalities.D.The harmful effects of obesity.解析：A.Neural tube defects.B.Heart problems.C.Cleft lip and palateD.Diabetes √解析：A.20 million.B.200 million.C.400 million. √D.40 million.解析：A.A weight-loss surgery. √B.A balanced diet.C.A change of life style.D.More exercise.解析：A.Why obesity can cause birth defects.B.How obesity may cause birth defects. √C.Why obesity can cause diabetes.D.How obesity may cause diabetes.解析：三、Part II Vocabulary (10%) (总题数：10，分数：5.00)16.Having a bird’s eye view from the helicopter, the vast pasture was __________ with beautiful houses.（分数：0.50）A.overlappedB.segregatedC.intersectedD.interspersed √解析：17.As usual, Singapore Airlines will reduce trans-pacific capacity in _________ seasons this year. （分数：0.50）A.sternB.slack √C.sumptuousD.glamorous解析：18.As to the living environment, bacteria’s needs vary, but most of them grow best in a slightly acid ___________.（分数：0.50）A.mechanismB.miniatureC.medium √D.means解析：19.Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on ___________ in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane. （分数：0.50）A.flexibility √B.moralityC.capacityD.productivity解析：20.In a stark _________ of fortunes, the Philippines –once Asia’s second richest country –recently had to beg Vietnam to sell its rice for its hungry millions.（分数：0.50）A.denialB.reversal √C.intervalD.withdrawal解析：21.Web portal Sohu has gone a step further and called for netizens to join in an all-out boycott of __________ content.（分数：0.50）A.wholesomeB.contagiousC.vulgar √D.stagnant解析：22.Experts urge a reforesting of cleared areas, promotion of reduced-impact logging, and_____________ agriculture, to maintain the rain forest.（分数：0.50）A.sustainable √B.renewableC.revivableD.merchandisable解析：23.In the U.S., the Republican’s doctrines were slightly liberal, whereas the Democrats’ were hardly _____________.（分数：0.50）A.rationalB.radicalC.conservative √D.progressive解析：24.Officials from the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the __________ floods and drought this summer did not affect the country’s grain output.（分数：0.50）A.ripplingB.waningC.fluctuatingD.devastating √解析：25.It is believed that the Black Death, rampant in the Medieval Europe __________, killed 1/3 of its population.（分数：0.50）A.at large √B.at randomC.on endD.on average解析：四、Section B (总题数：10，分数：5.00)26.Christmas shoppers should be aware of the possible defects of the products sold at a discount. （分数：0.50）A.deficitsB.deviationsC.drawbacks √D.discrepancies解析：27.The goal of this training program is to raise children with a sense of responsibility and necessary courage to be willing to take on challenges in life.（分数：0.50）A.despiseB.evadeC.demandD.undertake √解析：28.After “9.11”, the Olympic Games severely taxed the security services of the host country. （分数：0.50）A.improvedB.burdened √C.inspectedD.tariffed解析：29.The clown’s performance was so funny that the audience, adults and children alike, were all thrown into convulsions.（分数：0.50）A.a fit of enthusiasmB.a scream of frightC.a burst of laughter √D.a cry of anguish解析：30.We raised a mortgage from Bank of China and were informed to pay it off by the end of this year.（分数：0.50）A.loan √B.paymentC.withdrawalD.retrieval解析：31.The advocates highly value the “sport spirit”, while the opponent devalue it, asserting that it’s a sheer hypocrisy and self-deception.（分数：0.50）A.fineB.suddenC.finiteD.absolute √解析：32.Whenever a rattlesnake is agitated, it begins to move its tail and make a rattling noise. （分数：0.50）A.irritated √B.tamedC.stampedD.probed解析：33.The detective had an unusual insight into criminal’s tricks and knew clearly how to track them.（分数：0.50）A.inductionB.perception √C.interpretationD.penetration解析：34.My little brother practices the speech repeatedly until his delivery and timing were perfect. （分数：0.50）A.presentation √B.gestureC.rhythmD.pronunciation解析：35.In recent weeks both housing and stock prices have started to retreat from their irrationally amazing highs.（分数：0.50）A.untimelyB.unexpectedlyC.unreasonably √D.unconventionally解析：五、Part III Cloze (10%) (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Video game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guys—better vision. Playing “action” video games improves a visual ability __51__ tasks like reading and driving at night, a new study says. The ability, called contrast sensitivity function, allows people to discern even subtle changes __52__ gray against a uniformly colored backdrop. It’s also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age. __53__ a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power, according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester. Previous research shows that gaming improves other visual skills, such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and __54__ attention to a series of fast-moving events. Bavelier said, “A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced, __55__.” The new work suggests that playing video games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments, which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses. “__56__ you’ve had eye surgery or get corrective lenses, exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better, you need to retrain the brain to make use of the better, crisper information that’s coming in __57__ your improved eyesight,” Bavelier said. Expert action gamers in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2. A group of experienced nonaction gamers played The Sims 2, a “life simulation” video game. The players of nonaction video games didn’t see the same vision __58__, the study says. Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games __59__ seem to sharpen visual skill. It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-building workout for the eyes, she said. Another possible __60__ is that the unpredictable, fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly. （分数：10.00）A.crucial for √B.available inC.resulting fromD.ascribed to解析：A.in disguise ofB.in shades of √C.in search ofD.in place of解析：A.This is howB.That’s why√C.It is not thatD.There exists解析：A.paidB.paysC.payD.paying √解析：A.thoughB.not to sayC.not just one √D.as well解析：A.UntilB.WhileC.UnlessD.Once √解析：A.as opposed toB.in addition toC.as a result of √D.in spite of解析：A.benefits √B.defectsC.approachesD.risks解析：A.in caseB.in advanceC.in returnD.in particular √解析：A.effectB.reason √C.outcomeD.conclusion解析：六、Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%) (总题数：6，分数：30.00)Passage one There is plenty we don’t know about criminal behavior. Most crime goes unrepor ted so it is hard to pick out trends from the data, and even reliable sets of statistics can be difficult to compare. But here is one thing we do know: those with a biological predisposition to violent behavior who are brought up in abusive homes are very likely to become lifelong criminals.Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was sure whether this was due mostly to social-environmental factors or biological ones. It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic when they act together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male victims of child abuse are several times as likely to become criminals and abusers themselves if they were born with a less-active version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which breaks down neurotransmitters crucial to the regulation of aggression. Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this “double whammy” of predisposition and an unfortunate upb ringing are likely to show signs of what’s to come at a very early age. The risk factors for long-term criminality –attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language difficulties –can be spotted in kindergarten. So given what we now know, should n’t we be doing everything to protect the children most at risk? No one is suggesting testing all boys to see which variant of the MAO-A gene they have, but what the science is telling us is that we should redouble efforts to tackle abusive upbringings, and even simple neglect. This will help any child, but especially those whose biology makes them vulnerable. Thankfully there is already considerable enthusiasm in both the US and the UK for converting the latest in behavioral science into parenting and social skills: both governments have schemes in place to improve parenting in families where children are at risk of receiving poor care. Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of early intervention because it implies our behavior becomes “set” as we grow up, compromising the idea of free will. That view is understandable, but it would be negligent to ignore what the studies are telling us. Indeed, the cost to society of failing to intervene －in terms of criminal damage, dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime －is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting. The value to the children is immeasurable. （分数：5.00）(1).Researchers have come to a consensus: to explain violent behavior ________. （分数：1.00）A.in terms of physical environmentB.form a biological perspective √C.based on the empirical dataD.in a statistical way解析：(2).When we say that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, as indicated by the recent findings, we can probably mean that ___________. （分数：1.00）A.a particular gene is passed on in familiesB.child abuse will lead to domestic violenceC.the male victims of child abuse will pass on the tendency √D.the violent predisposition is exclusively born of child abuse解析：(3).The recent observation implicated that to check the development of antisocial and criminal behavior ___________. （分数：1.00）A.boys are to be screened for the biological predispositionB.high-risk kids should be brought up in kindergartenC.it is important to spot the genes for the risk factorsD.active measures ought to be taken at an early age √解析：(4).To defend the argument against the unfavorable idea, the author makes it a point to consider ___________. （分数：1.00）A.the immeasurable value of the genetic research on behaviorB.the consequences of compromising democracyC.the huge cost of improving parenting skillsD.the greater cost of failing to intervene √解析：(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? （分数：1.00）A.Parenting Strategies for KidsB.The Making of a Criminal √C.Parental EducationD.Abusive Parenting解析：Passage two After 25 years battling the mother of all viruses, have we finally got the measure of HIV? Three developments featured in this issue collectively give grounds for optimism that would have been scarcely believable a year ago in the wake of another failed vaccine and continuing problems supplying drugs to all who need them. Perhaps the most compelling hope lies in the apparent “cure” of a man wit h HIV who had also developed leukemia. Doctors treated his leukemia with a bone marrow transplant that also vanquished the virus. Now US Company Sangamo Biosciences is hoping to emulate the effect patients being cured with a single shot of gene therapy, instead of taking antiretroviral drugs for life. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is itself another reason for optimism. Researchers at the World Health Organization have calculated that HIV could be effectively eradicated in Africa and other hard-hit places using existing drugs. The trick is to test everyone often, and give those who test positive ART as soon as possible. Because the drugs rapidly reduce circulating levels of the virus to almost zero, it would stop people passing it on through sex. By blocking the cycle of infection in this way, the virus could be virtually eradicated by 2050. Bankrolling such a long-term program would cost serious money – initially around $3.5 billion a year in South Africa alone, ring to $85 billion in total. Huge as it sounds, however, it is peanuts compared with the estimated $1.9 trillion cost of the Iraq war, or the $700 billion spent in one go propping up the US banking sector. It also look small beer compared with the costs of carrying on as usual, which the WHO says can only lead to spiraling cases and costs. The final bit of good news is that the cost of ART could keep on falling. Last Friday, GlaxoSmithKline chairman Andrew Witty said that his company would offer all its medicines to the poorest countries for at least 25 per cent less than the typical price in rich countries. GSK has already been doing this for ART, but the hope is that the company may now offer it cheaper still and that other firms will follow their lead. No one doubt the devastation caused by AIDS. In 2007, 2 million people died and 2.7 million more contracted the virus. Those dismal numbers are not going to turn around soon –and they won’t turn around at all without huge effort and investment. But at least there is renewed belief that, given the time and money, we can finally start riddling the world of this most fearsome of viruses. （分数：5.00）(1).Which is the following can be most probably perceived beyond the first paragraph? （分数：1.00）A.The end of the world.B.A candle of hope. √C.A Nobel prize.D.A Quick Fix.解析：(2).According to the passage, the apparent “cure” of the HIV patient who had also developed leukemia would ___________. （分数：1.00）A.make a promising transition from antiretroviral medication to gene therapy √B.facilitate the development of effective vaccines for the infectionpel people to draw an analogy between AIDS and leukemiaD.would change the way we look at those with AIDS解析：(3).As another bit of good news, ___________. （分数：1.00）A.HIV will be virtually wiped out first in AfricaB.the cycle of HIV infection can be broken with ART √C.the circulating levels of HIV have been limited to almost zeroD.the existing HIV drugs will be enhanced to be more effective in 25 years解析：(4).The last reason for optimism is that ___________. （分数：1.00）ernments will invest more in improving ARTB.the cost of antiretroviral therapy is on the decline √C.everybody can afford antiretroviral therapy in the worldD.the financial support of ART is coming to be no problem解析：(5).The whole passage carries a tone of ___________. （分数：1.00）A.idealismB.activismC.criticismD.optimism √解析：Passage Three Archaeology can tell us plenty about how humans looked and the way they lived tens of thousands of years ago. But what about the deeper questions? Could early humans speak, were they capable of self-conscious reflection, did they believe in anything? Such questions might seem to be beyond the scope of science. Not so. Answering them is the focus of a burgeoning field that brings together archaeology and neuroscience. It aims to chart the development of human cognitive powers. This is not easy to do. A skull gives no indication of whether its owner was capable of speech, for example. The task then is to find proxies (替代物) for key traits and behaviors that have stayed intact over millennia. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this endeavor is teasing out the role of culture as a force in the evolution of our mental skills. For decades, development of the brain has been seen as exclusively biological. But increasingly, that is being challenged. Take what the Cambridge archaeologist Colin Renfrew calls “the sapient (智人的) paradox (矛盾)”. Evidence suggests that the human genome, and hence the brain, has changed little in the past 60,000 years. Yet it wasn’t until about 10,000 years ago that profound changes took place in human behavior: people settled in villages and built shrines. Renfrew’s paradox is why, if the hardware was in place, did it take so long for humans to start changing the world? His answer is that the software – the culture – took a long time to develop. In particular, the intervening time saw humans vest (赋予) meaning in objects and symbols. Those meanings were developed by social interaction over successive generations, passed on through teaching, and stored in the neuronal connections of children. Culture also changes biology by modifying natural selection, sometimes in surprising ways. How is it, for example, that a human gene for making essential vitamin C became blocked by junk DNA? One answer is that our ancestors started eating fruit, so the pressure to make vitamin C “relaxed” and the gene became unnecessary. By this reasoning, early humans then became addicted to fruit, and any gene that helped them to find it was selected for. Evidence suggests that the brain is so plastic that, like genes, it can be changed by relaxing selection pressure. Our understanding of human cognitive development is still fragmented and confused, however. We have lots of proposed causes and effects, and hypotheses to explain them. Yet the potential pay-off makes answers worth searching for. If we know where the human mind came from and what changed it, perhaps we can gauge where it is going. Finding those answers will take all the ingenuity the modern human mind can muster. （分数：5.00）(1).The questions presented in the first paragraph ___________. （分数：1.00）A.seem to have no answers whateverB.are intended to dig for ancient human minds √C.are not scientific enough to be answered hereD.are raised to explore the evolution of human appearance解析：(2).The scientists find the proxy to be ___________. （分数：1.00）A.the role of culture √B.the passage of timeC.the structure of a skullD.the biological makeup of the brain解析：(3).According to Renfrew’s paradox, the transition from 60,000 to 10,000 years ago suggests that ___________. （分数：1.00）A.human civilization came too lateB.the hardware retained biologically staticC.it took so long for the software to evolve √D.there existed an interaction between gene and environment解析：(4).From the example illustrating the relation between culture and biology, we might conclude that ___________. （分数：1.00）A.the mental development has not been exclusively biologicalB.the brain and culture have not developed at the same paceC.the theory of natural selection applies to human evolution √D.vitamin C contributes to the development of the brain解析：(5).Speaking of the human mind, the author would say that ___________. （分数：1.00）A.its cognitive development is extremely slowB.to know its past is to understand its future √C.its biological evolution is hard to predictD.as the brain develops, so as the mind解析：Passage Four Despite the numerous warnings about extreme weather, rising sea levels and mass extinctions, one message seems to have got lost in the debate about the impact of climate change.A warmer world won’t just be inconvenient. Huge swathes (片) of it, including most of Europe, the US and Australia as well as all of Africa and China will actually be uninhabitable--- too hot, dry or stormy to sustain a human population. This is no mirage. It could materialize if the world warms by an average of just 4°C, which some models predict could happen as soon as 2050. This is the world our children and grandchildren are going to have to live in. So what are we going to do about it? One option is to start planning to move the at-risk human population to parts of the world where it will still be cool and wet. It might seem like a drastic move, but this thought experiment is not about scaremongering (危言耸听). Every scenario is extrapolated from predictions of the latest climate models, and some say that 4°C may actually turn out to be a conservative estimate. Clearly this glacier-free, desertified world---with its human population packed into high-rise cities closer to the poles---would be a last resort. Aside from anything else, it is far from being the most practical option: any attempt at mass migration is likely to fuel wars, political power struggles and infighting. So what are the alternatives? The most obvious answer is to radically reduce carbon dioxide levels now, by fast-tracking green technologies and urgently implementing energy-efficient measures. But the changes aren’t coming nearly quickly enough and global emissions are still rising. As a result, many scientists are now turning to “Earth’s plan B”. PlanB involves making sure we have large scale geoengineeringtechnolo gies ready and waiting to either suck CO2 out of the atmosphere or deflect the sun’s heat. Most climate scientists were once firmly against fiddling with the Earth’s thermostat, fearing that it may make a bad situation even worse, or provide politicians with an excuse to sit on their hands and do nothing. Now they reluctantly acknowledge the sad truth that we haven’t managed to reorder the world fast enough to reduce CO2 emissions and that perhaps, given enough funding research and political muscle, we can indeed design, test and regulate geoengineering projects in time to avert the more horrifying consequences of climate change. Whatever we do, now is the time to act. The alternative is to plan for a hothouse world that none of us would recognize as home.（分数：5.00）(1).To begin with, the author is trying to remind us of ____________. （分数：1.00）A.the likelihood of climate change making life inconvenient √B.the warning against worsening climate changeC.the inevitable consequence of global warmingD.the misconception of a warmer world解析：(2).As the thought experiment shows, those at risk from global warming will ____________. （分数：1.00）A.live with the temperature raised by an average of 4°CB.have nowhere to go but live in the desertC.become victims as soon as 2050D.move closer to the poles √解析：(3).It is clear from the passage that a practical approach to global warming is _________. （分数：1.00）A.to reduce massively CO2 emissions √B.to take protective measures by 2025C.to prepare a blueprint for mass migrationsD.to launch habitual constructions closer to the poles解析：(4).Earth’s plan B is ambitious enough ___________. （分数：1.00）A.to stop climate scientists making a bad situation even worseB.to remove the sources of CO2 emissions altogetherC.to regulate geoengineering projects for efficiencyD.to manage the Earth’s thermostat√解析：(5).Which of the following statements are the supporters of “Earth’s plan B” for? （分数：1.00）A.It’s Time to Go GreenB.Energy-efficient measures must be taken √C.Mass migration to the poles is inevitableD.For the Planet’s Geoengineer or Catatrophe解析：Passage Five Brittany Donovan was born 13 years ago in Pennsylvania. Her biological father was sperm donor G738. Unbeknownst to Brittany’s m other, G738 carried a genetic defect known as fragile X-a mutation that all female children born from his sperm will inherit, and which causes mental impairment, behavioral problems and atypical social development. Last week, Brittany was given the green l ight to sue the sperm bank, Idant Laboratories of New York, under the state’s product liability laws. These laws were designed to allow consumers to seek compensation from companies whose products are defective and cause harm. Nobody expected them to be applied to donor sperm.Thousands of people in the US have purchased sperm from sperm banks on the promise that the donor’s history has been carefully scrutinized and his sample rigorously tested, only for some of them to discover that they have been sold a batch of bad seed. Some parents learn about genetic anomalies after their disabled child is born and they press the sperm bank for more information. Others realize it when they contact biological half-siblings who have the same disorder. So will Donovan vs Idant laboratories open the floodgates? It seems unlikely. New York’s product liability laws are highly unusual in that they consider donor sperm to be a product just like any other. Most other US states grant special status to blood products and body parts, including sperm. In these states, donor sperm is not considered a “product” in the usual sense, despite the fact that it is tested, processed, packaged, catalogued, marketed and sold. Similarly, European Union product liability law could not be used in this way. Even if this lawsuit is an isolated case, it still raises some difficult questions. First, to what lengths should sperm banks go to ensure they are supplying defect-free sperm? As we learn more and more about human genetics, there is growing list of tests that could be performed. Nobody would deny that donor sperm carrying the fragile X mutation should be screened out--- and there is a test that can do so ---but what about more subtle defects, such as language impairment or susceptibility to earl y Alzheimer’s? Donovan vs Idant Laboratories also serves as a reminder of the nature of the trade in human gametes. Sperm bank catalogues can give the impression that babies are as guaranteed as dishwashers. The Donovans are entitled to their day in court, but in allowing the product liability laws to be used in this way, the legal system is not doing much to dispel that notion. （分数：5.00）(1).Donovan sued Idant Laboratories for ______________. （分数：1.00）A.a cheat in boasting its biological productsB.donor sperm as a productC.problematic donor sperm √D.a breach of confidentiality解析：(2).It can be inferred from the passage that thousands of people in the US purchase sperm_____________. （分数：1.00）A.without knowing its potential dangers √B.regardless of repeated warningsC.for the reason of quality supplyD.for their desperate needs解析：(3).The question from the case is whether ___________. （分数：1.00）A.people are entitled to donor spermB.donated sperm should be just a product √C.Donovan is allowed to sue the sperm bankD.Donovan’s health problems have been clinically certified解析：(4).It seems that sperm banks are in no position to _______________. （分数：1.00）A.treat donor sperm as a productB.screen out the fragile X mutationC.manage their business as others do in NYD.guarantee sperm absolutely free of any defect √解析：(5).The statement Sperm bank catalogues can give the impression that babies are as guaranteed as dishwashers implies that _____________. （分数：1.00）A.Donovan will surely win the case in courtB.any product could have a defect in one way or another。
中医英语考试(中医基础+中医诊断学)
广州中医药大学研究生英语（中医基础+中医诊断学）汉译英读译教程Unit 11.社会政治经济转型the transition of politico-economic structure of society2.自然规律natural law3.人体与自然的统一the unity of the body with the natural world4.疾病的防治the prevention and treatment of diseases5.藏象visceral manifestations6.理法方药theory, strategy, prescription and herbs7.验方effective formulas8.外邪exogenous evilsUnit 21.阴阳对立the opposition of yin-yang2.归纳为阴阳基本属性to be reduced to their elemental, basic character of yin or yang3.维持生命和促进所有新陈代谢to keep alive and stoke all metabolic processes4.子宫受寒The uterus turns cold.5.阴脏阳腑相互依存才能实现其功能The yin and yang organs depend on each other for the performance of these functions.6.阴阳增长超过正常限度Yin or yang increases beyond their normal range.7.体内津液的耗损The exhaustion of body fluids8.阳盛The excess of yangUnit 31. 一套用来探讨和指代临床证象的符号系统an emblem system used to discuss and represent clinical phenomena2.在体外存在某种关联to have associations outside the body3.鼻腔是肺的延伸The nasal tract is an extension of the lung4.构思合适的治疗方法the conceptualization of proper treatments5.约束性的教义a binding doctrine6.虚证the pattern of deficiency7.子盗母气The child steals the qi of the mother.8.相生the mutual generation order9.相侮the counter-control cycleUnit 41.多重性质the multidimensional nature2.从解剖学和生理学角度理解to be viewed from the perspective of anatomy and physiology3.先天之气和后天之气the prenatal and postnatal qi4.气与气之间的转化the transformation of one type of qi into another5.调控毛孔的开合in charge of opening and closing our pores6.元气the original qi7.保证血液行于脉内而不至外溢to keep blood within the vessels8.防御外邪侵袭身体to defend the body from external pathogenic factorsUnit 51.心主血脉The heart governs the blood and vessels.2.肃降depurative downbearing3.控制汗孔开阖和抵御外邪入侵To control the opening and closing of sweat pores and to defend the exterior against invading evils4.消化和吸收功能the functions of digestion and assimilation5.水谷精微the essence of grain and wafer6.肝开窍于目The liver opens at the eyes.7.肾藏精The kidney stores essence.8.一身阴阳之本the root of yin and yang of the whole bodyUnit 71.望、闻、问、切inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry, palpation2.望全身情况(神、色、形、态) the observation of the entire body (spirit, color, form, bearing)3.声音低弱The voice is faint and low.4.听语言listening to speech5.脏腑衰败的凶险证inauspicious omen of the vanquished debility of the zang-fu organs6.问妇女经、带等问题inquiry of women problems such as menstrual cycle and vaginaldischarge7.解除病人顾虑to relieve the patients' apprehensions8.压痛tendernessUnit 81.六淫和七情the six pernicious influences and the seven emotions2.行动迟缓笨拙slow and awkward motion3.怕冷a fear of cold4.蜷卧to sleep in a curled-up position5.中医把人作为一个整体看待Chinese medicine views the human being as a whole.6.慢性病a chronic condition7.止渴to quench one's thirst8.关节僵硬stiff joint(s)诊断英语Unit11.舌象the appearance of the tongue2.舌苔小块剥落the tongue becomes peeled in patches/the coating falls off in small areas3.长年累月的使用prolonged use over some years4.糟粕unclean residue5.不受诸如身体劳累、情绪低落等短暂生理情志因素的影响Irrespective of temporary conditions such as those resulting from recent physical exertion or emotional upset6.水液积聚accumulation of body fluids7.色泽荣润vibrant and vital color8.心开窍于舌The tongue is regarded as the offshoot of the heart.Unit 21.心藏神The heart houses the mind and spirit.2.发声短促尖锐emit voice in short, sharp bursts3.“歌”声音调较高，音律优美、高低起伏，有如歌唱。
2013广东学位英语考试试题附答案
2013年广东省学位英语考试试题及答案Paper One试卷一（90minutes）Part I Dialogue Completion(15points)Directions:There are15short incomplete dialogues in this part,each followed by4choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a si ngle line through the center.1.Jenny:Shall I go and tell Mr.Fairbanks about our proposal?Jackie:___________.A.Yes,you goB.Yes,goC.Yes,let’sD.Yes,please2.Mori:It’s a pleasure to meet you here.Kaco:__________.A.Pleased to meet you,tooB.Thank you so muchC.I didn’t expect to see you hereD.You’re too hospitable3.Williams:Excuse me.I’m looking for a present for my son.I have no idea what to get him,Can you help me?Sales girl:____________.A.Of course I canB.No,I can’t actuallyC.You must buy him a T-shirtD.Yes,I think a T-shirt would be a good idea4.Tim:I hear you’ve been to the book fair.How was it?Susan:_____________.A.Absolutely marvelousB.Very much indeedC.Not necessarilyD.Quite disappointed5.Ed:How do you get along with your new music teacher?Maggie:Ms.Davis?__________,but I like h er a lot.A.She’s humorousB.She’s nice to meC.She’s a bit strangeD.She’s good at dancing6.David:Charles,could you drive me to the railway station?Charles:____________A.No,thanks.B.I’ll be there on time.C.Sure,why not?D.Never mind.7.Max:My son has been admitted by Beijing University.Walt:Congratulations!He is such a smart boy. Max:___________.A.Yes,he isB.You are rightC.Thank you very muchD.Don’t mention it8.Student:Do you mind our performing rock‘n’roll in the hall?Teacher:_________.A.No,you’d better notB.Of course,it’s allowed hereC.Oh,I’d rather you didn’t actuallyD.I’d prefer to listen to rock‘a’roll9.Clerk:Excuse me,this a non-smoking place.Customer:__________A.Oh,I’m sorry.B.How can you say that?C.That’s all right.D.That’s impossible.10.Waiter:How would you like your coffee?Customer:____________.A.It’s well doneB.Very nice,thanksC.With sugar,pleaseD.Only one cup11.Virginia:What about going to do some shopping this afternoon?Rena:____________.A.Go ahead,please.B.Good idea!C.Me,too.D.Help yourself.12.Carlos:Thank you very much,Miss James.That helped me a lot.Miss James:___________,Carlos.A.Don’t thank meB.Don’t mention itC.I’m fineD.I’m sorry13.Susan:I’m worried.My son doesn’t like to talk with me.Tracy:___________.We were all like tha t at his age.A.Take it easyB.Change his mindC.Don’t quarrel with himD.Don’t refuse him14.Nicol as:I’d like to donate money to help poor children at school.To whom shall I give my share?Li Ming:______ ______I’ll ask about that and let you know.A.Very well.B.Who knows?C.Thank you all the same.D.It all depends.15.Kelvin:We’re almost finished with the project now._____________.Teresa:Actually,I prefer to keep going.A.Let’s hurry upB.We’ve too tired nowC.Wellbe on timeD.Let’s stop for a breakPart II Reading Comprehension(40points)Directions:There are4passages in this part.Each of the passages is followed by5questions or unfinishe d statements.For each of them there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneJack Billabong is a stockman.One Friday afternoon he was riding along the track towards the Henderson f arm.He was looking for a prize bull which had escaped from the Borrogee paddock.He reached the hills and s aw at once that he could not go further.There had been a fire in the forest which had gone out.But the air was still full of smoke and fallen trees had blocked the track.Jack was just going to turn back when he saw something moving in the smoke.He wait ed.It was a girl on a horse,and she was riding towards him.“There’s a badly burnt man on the farm,”the girl shouted.“He saved my life.Please help me to save him.”The girl was Cathy Henderson.She had been on horseback for two hours.She had to jump over fallen tre es that were still burning.Her pony had fallen with her twice.She was thirsty and almost dead from want of sl eep.But she rode back to the farm with Jack immediately.Joe Brook was unconscious when they reached him.They lifted him onto Jack’s horse.The ride back to B orrogee was terrible.Cathy was so tired that Jack had to tie her to her pony.The pony was tired too,but its co urage was astonishing.It followed Jack right to Borrogee Hospital.Nobody saw them arrive because it was nig ht.“I’ve never seen a horse like that pony,”Jack said.Cathy praised Jack Billabong,but she refused to say an ything about the pony,“Joe will write about her in his story,”she said.But she did say one thing:“If flame hadn’t returned to the farm that afternoon,Joe and I would have died.”16.Jack Billabong did not turn back because_____________.A.he hadn’t found the bull yetB.he smelt a heavy smoke in the forestC.he knew there was a burnt man thereD.he saw something moving towards him17.Why was the ride back to Borrogee terrible?A.Because Joe was tired out.B.Because the ride started late at night.C.Because they didn’t have enough courage.D.Because both Cathy and her pony were exhausted.18.Cathy refused to talk to reporters about the pony when she was in Borrogee Hospital because______ ______.A.she didn’t know what to sayB.Jack asked her not to talk to themC.she was too weak to say anythingD.Joe would write about it in his writing19.What does the word“flame”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Jack.B.The pony.C.Jack’s horse.D.The fire.20.Which of the following is the best title of the story?A.Rescue of Joe Brook.B.Courage of Jack Billabong.C.Love of a Young Girl.D.Heroism of a Lovely Pony.Passage TwoThe faces of elderly,happily-married people sometimes resemble each other.Dr.Aiken studied a number of couples who had been married for at least twenty-five years.Each couple provided four photographs—one photo of each partner at the time of their marriage and another photo of each partner twenty-five or more y ears later.All background was cut from the photos to remove any clues.The photos were then displayed in gr oups:a random grouping of the persons at the time of their marriage and another random grouping of the sa me persons who took photographs later.Some testees were asked to pick out the partners.They failed totally with the first group.Their judgements were no better than chance.But with the photos taken twenty-five or more years after the marriage,the testees were quite successful with the most happily-married couples.Dr.Aiken believes there are several reasons why couples grow alike.One reason has something to do wit h imitation.One person tends to copy or do the same as someone else without knowing it.He says human be gins to imitate the expressions of the faces of their loved ones.“Another possible reason,”he says,“is the co mmon experience of the couples.”There is a tendency for people who have the same life experience to cha nge their faces in similar ways.For example,if a couple have suffered from a lot of sad experiences,their faces are likely to change in a similar way.21.Dr.Aiken cut the background from the photos for the purpose of__________.A.imitating the couples’lifeB.grouping the couples againC.leaving no trace for the testeesD.giving the testees more chances22.The underlined sentence“Their judgements were no better than chance”implies that the testees___ _______.A.did a good job in making their choices.B.had difficulty in picking out the partnersC.had no chance to make the right judgementsD.did better with the first group than with the second23.The underlined word“imitate”(in Para.2)has a similar meaning to__________.A.copyB.changeC.knowD.suffer24.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that___________.A.couples who look alike can live longerB.most partners have been proved to grow alikeC.the influence between partners can be quite strongD.happily-married couples are often richer than others25.The main purpose of the passage is to___________.A.explain why couples grow alikeB.tell how couples like each otherC.discuss the function of marriageD.describe the life of happily married couplesPassage ThreeThe three biggest lies in America are:(1)“The check is in the mail”,(2)“Of course I’ll respect you in the m orning”,and(3)“It was a computer error.”Of these three little white lies,the worst is the third.It’s the only one that can never be true.Today,if a b ank statement cheats you out of$900that way,you know what the clerk is sure to say,”It was a computer er ror.”Nonsense.The computer is reporting nothing more than what the clerk typed into it.The most annoying case of all is when the computerized cashier in the grocery store shows that an item c osts more than it actually does.If the innocent buyer points out the mistake,the checker,bagger,and manage r all come together and offer the familiar explanation:“It was a compute error.”It wasn’t,of course that computerized cashier is really nothing more than an electric event.The eye read s the Universal Product Code—chat bar of black and white lines in a corner of the package—and then checks t he code against a price list stored in memory.If the price list is right,you’ll be charged accurately.Grocery stores update the price list each day—that is,somebody sits at a keyboard and types in the price s.If the price they type in is too high,there are only two explanations:carelessness or dishonesty.But someho w“a computer error”is supposed to excuse everything.One reason we let people hide behind a computer is the common misperception that huge,modern com puters are electric brain with“artificial intelligence.”At some point there might be a machine with intelligence but none exists today.The smartest computer on Earth right now is no more intelligent than your average pen.At this point in the development of computers,the only thing any machine can do is what a human has instr ucted it to do.26.Of the three lies,the one about computer is the worst because the computer itself__________.A.says nonsenseB.cheats customersC.cannot make the errorD.does not admit its error27.According to the author,a computerized cashier is really just___________.A.a machine to count moneyB.a machine to receive moneyC.an instrument to print codesD.an instrument to read codes28.Grocery store price lists are updated by____________.A.a computerB.a keyboardC.an employeeD.an electric brain29.The last paragraph of the passage implies that computers____________.A.are very cleverB.never make mistakesC.have a good memoryD.are controlled by men30.Which of the following describes the main idea of the passage?puters are stupid and inefficient.puter errors are due to its dishonesty.puters help stores update the price list.puter errors are actually human errors.Passage FourI came across an old country guidebook the other day.It listed all the tradesmen in each village,and it was impressive to see the past variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victoria n countryside.Nowadays a traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the villagers or selling antiques to visitors.Nevertheless,this would really be a fals e impression.On the surface,there has been a decline of village commerce,but its power is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop,for example,is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets i n the nearest town.Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shoppin g,instead of queuing up at a supermarket.And the grocer knows well that personal service has a considerable cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town,but he will deliver anything at any time.His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of chees e to an old retired woman who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing.T he richer customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour.They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer,a red faced-figure,ins tantly obtains it for them.31.Nowadays the commercial services in the village are____________.A.still very activeB.quickly decliningC.unable to flourishD.personal to visitors32.The local grocer’s shop is expanding because_____________.A.the competition there is weakB.it is a place for women to chatC.it provides good personal serviceD.the goods there are more valuable33.Which of the following is true about the supermarkets?A.Prices there are much higherB.Customers often have to queue up.C.Customers can order by telephone.D.Their personal services are satisfactory.34.How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about giving extra service?A.They don’t think it a trouble.B.They don’t think it worthwhile.C.They don’t consider it a good deal.D.They don’t consider it a pleasant experience.35.One special feature of the village shop is that___________.A.there is a very wide range of goods availableB.customers can order goods by word of mouthC.customer have to order goods one hour earlierD.there is a list of goods to be delivered to doorstepsPart III Vocabulary and Structure(20points)Directions:There are40incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence,mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36.During the heavy storm last week,we had to take__________under a flyover.A.shadeB.shelterC.shadowD.shield37.The three men were assigned jobs according to their_________abilities.A.respectfulB.respectableC.respectiveD.respecting38.Scientists have discovered that many animals seem to be highly_________to various signals associated with earthquakes.A.sensibleB.sensualC.sentimentalD.sensitive39.The lost car of the Johnsons’was found__________in the woods of the expressway.A.vanishedB.scatteredC.rejectedD.abandoned40.Our guests will be guided to safety_________fire.A.as a result ofB.in case ofC.in the sense ofD.for the sake of41.If you want to ring her,you’ll have to_________her number in the telephone book.A.look atB.look toC.look throughD.look up42.Under the financial crisis,more social problems in the world are certain to__________.A.raiseB.ariseC.be raisedD.be arisen43.After his retirement,he lives partly on his_________and partly on the interest on his post office savin gs account.A.wagesB.salaryC.earningsD.pension44.During the___________,the audience strolled and chatted in the lobby.A.intervalB.pauseC.interruptionD.gap45.Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the________of the Charter.A.debtB.obligationC.creditD.reliance46.Table tennis used to be the most popular__________in China.But now basketball seems to be more attractive.A.gameB.matchC.playD.race47.As her husband is on a business trip and her son is at school,she feels rather___________.A.lonelyB.aloneC.singularD.single48.We need to__________our camping things before we go away.A.choose fromB.tell fromC.sort outD.set out49.He__________very quickly from his illness.A.recoveredB.discoveredC.uncoveredD.covered50.If the police had acted with more____________,the disaster could have been prevented.A.solutionB.determinationC.decisionD.hesitation51.He does not________as a teacher of English,for his pronunciation is far from perfect.A.qualifyB.equalC.matchD.deserve52.His__________reply to the question showed that he had understood it very well.A.proudB.importantC.tenseD.quick53.When he tried to make a__________,he found that the hotel was fully booked.A.reservationB.demandC.claimD.policy54.I expect that she will be able to_________our particular needs.A.supplyB.reachC.provideD.meet55.During July and August there was no rain for weeks__________.A.on endB.in the endC.at lastD.at length56.____________for their support,he would have gone penniless.A.If it is notB.If it isC.Were itD.Were it not57.There__________in his room.A.are too many furnituresB.is too much furnitureC.are too much furnitureD.is too many furnitures58.I miss the hillside___________we found a lot of wild flowers.A.on whichB.by whichC.in whichD.for which59.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill__________we all sat down to rest.A.whenB.thenC.thanD.until60.By the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked on the moon in1969,there________many space explorations.A.will have beenB.had beenC.have beenD.must be61.I regret__________hard at school,or I would have passed the exam.A.to have not workedB.having not workedC.not to have workedD.not having worked62.When the man with glasses came into the hotel,I noticed a__________look come over the manager’s face.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.surpriseD.surprisingly63.__________get a better score,he has been making great efforts in his lessons.A.So as toB.In order toC.So that D In order that64.As far as I know,the production of this factory has doubled this year,and the quality of its products has been improved__________.A.since thenB.by thenC.until nowD.as well65All__________is an English-Chinese dictionary.A.that you needB.what you needC.which you needD.things you need66._________its good performance,the machine is too expensive.A.BesidesB.Except forC.In spite ofD.Apart from67.He looks sleepy.He must_________to bed very late last night.A.be goneB.be goingC.goD.have gone68.Mrs.White became a teacher in1990.She_________for twenty years by next summer.A.will teachB.would have taughtC.has been teachingD.will have taught69.She is__________a driver as any one else.A.as good asB.as a goodC.so good aD.so a good70.You may write an e-mail to me or just phone me.__________will do.A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.None71.Few people knew his reason for quitting his job was_________he wanted to go abroad.A.whetherB.whereC.whyD.that72.The teacher asked me__________us to finish writing the composition.A.how long would it takeB.how long it would takeC.how soon would it takeD.how soon it would take73.It was the third time the villagers_________interviewed by the radio station.A.have beenB.had beenC.wereD.are74.She came into the room quietly__________wake her friends.A.so as not toB.so as to notC.not so as toD.so she does not75.I arrived late;I__________the traffic to be so heavy this morning.A.wasn’t expectingB.wouldn’t expectC.haven’t expectedD.hadn’t expectedPart IV Cloze Test(10points)Directions:There are10blanks in the following passage.For each numbered blank,there are4choices ma rked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line throug h the center.A headache is one of man’s most common enemies.Most people get headaches from time to time.Proba bly more than90%percent of all headaches are76by worry or tension.Modern living77tensions for everybo dy,at work,at school and78at home.Then,what can we do about tension and worry in our life?79,find out what is causing the tension.It may result from feelings or emotions.Do you80too much over what people thi nk of you,over your clothes,or about81you did?Second,find a way of82tension.Gardening,walking,runni ng swimming or any83suitable for your age will help.Then,look at your way of life.Ask yourself,where am I going?And why?Learn the84of relaxation.Lie down in a dark quiet room and relax85much as possible by ta king several slow breaths.Let all your muscles relax.76.A.encouraged B.aroused C.caused D.presented77.A.contains B.suffers C.relaxes D.owns78.A.especially B.even C.somehow D.generally79.A.Thus B.However C.First D.Besides80.A.consider B.worry C.care D.imagine81.A.what B.how C.when D.where82.A.improving B.activating C.suffering D.reducing83.A.solution B.activity C.practice D.deed84.A.secret B.mystery efulness D.function85.A.so B.very C.for D.as Paper Two试卷二（30minutes）Part V Writing(15points)Directions:You are to write in100—120words on the topic“Choosing Careers”.You should base your c omposition on the outline given in Chinese below:1.有些人认为家长应该为孩子安排未来的职业；2.孩子认为应该由自己决定将来的工作；3.谈谈你的看法。
2013广外MTI真题回忆
2013广外MTI真题回忆下面说一下2013年各科考试的具体内容吧，政治就不说了，现在应该到处有真题和标准答案看。
1. （211）翻译硕士英语（满分100）第一部分: 单选30个，共30分；考察词汇和语法。
词汇语法差不多各占一半。
（个人感觉难度不及专四，比较重基础，口语好的可以一边默读一边写，感觉对了的应该是对的.题目考得比较细，比如我记得第一个题考了so far，只要你认识，就是选这个啦。
有个题考了dispite（=in spite of ）其中会给出dispite,in spite ,despite of之类的选项。
还有一个题目就要求理解句子意思才能做对，利用语法排除后选项剩下surprisingly和not surprisingly，所以句意还是要明白的。
个人觉得单项30个，其中好几个连起来看很像一篇完型填空，因为有一两个不认识的词老是出现，记忆中出现过黑奴这样的字眼。
第二部分: 阅读Section A: 两篇文章，每篇文章5个选择题，共10题，20分。
（第一篇文章关于恐龙化石，这个文章前三问都能在原文明确找到，第四问就是选下面哪个是错误的，我选了D，因为D选项把原文的likely说成了will，说得太绝对了，另外三个在文中也能找到，只是需要点时间把文章全看完。
第五问问了这篇文章的主题，好像也不是很难，每个选项都很短，而且ABCD意思差别挺大的。
第二篇文章关于英国Stratford的文化旅游，就是莎士比亚的住址，大意是：在那里有两类人，一类通过戏剧表演啊什么的努力维持莎翁的文学艺术之类的，另一类通过带游客去一些地点赚钱，两类人意见不一样，然后还讲了前一类人可能得到当地的什么钱支柱事业发展，但是第二类人不同意或者是认为不应该给前一类人这个钱，第二类人给出的理由是戏剧表演的门票上涨了，因此第一类人的收入上升了等等原因，这个地方出了个题，说第二类人不同意第一类人得到这个钱的原因是？另外考的题目还有这两类人的分歧是因为？作者这句话（文中的某句话）的意思是？总之这篇文章也不难，都在文章中明明白白地看得到）个人认为这两篇文章和笔译三级中的阅读题目难度相似，答案出法也类似。
2013广州中医药大学复试分数线
广州中医药大学2013年硕士生复试基本分数线要求
一、文件依据
（一）教育部《2013年全国硕士学位研究生招生工作管理规定》
（二）教育部《关于做好2013年全国硕士学位研究生录取工作的通知》（教学﹝2013﹞1号）
（三）教育部《2013年全国硕士研究生复试分数线》
二、分数线确定原则
（一）按需招生，德智体全面衡量，择优录取，宁缺毋
滥。
（二）立足学校整体水平，考虑不同学科、专业的发展。
（三）提高人才选拔质量，维护教育公平。
三、复试基本分数线
（一）中医临床类学科（按大内科类、大外科类、针灸推拿学三类划分），中医学非医攻博，中药学、药学，护理学，按招生计划的130%，确定进入复试名单。
基本分数线要求如下：
（二）中医基础类学科（含中医学、方剂学、中医中西医结合研究系列），临床医学、全科医学、哲学、法学、管理学，按国家基本分数线，确定进入复试名单。
基本分数线要求如下：
附件2
广州中医药大学2013年硕士生复试工作进程安排。
2013年博士英语试卷 完整版
2013MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1．请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2．试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3．试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4．标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5．听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a questionabout what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hearthe question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A cough B. Diarrhea C. A fever D. V omiting2. A. Tuberculosis B. Rhinitis C. Laryngitis D. Flu3. A. In his bag. B. By the lamp.C. In his house.D. No idea about where he left it.4. A. He’s nearly finished his work.B. He has to work for some more time.C. He wants to leave now.D. He has trouble finishing his work.5. A. A patient B. A doctor C. A teacher D. A student6. A. 2.6 B. 3.5 C. 3.9 D. 1367. A. He is the head of the hospital. B. He is in charge of Pediatrics.C. He went out looking for Dan.D. He went to Michigan on business.8. A. He has got a fever. B. He is a talented skier.C. He is very rich.D. He is a real ski enthusiast.9. A. To ask local people for help.B. To do as Romans do only when in Rome.C. Try to act like the people from that culture.D. Stay with your country fellows.10.A. She married because of loneliness.B. She married a millionaire.C. She married for money.D. She married for love.11.A. Aspirant B. Courageous C. Cautious D. Amiable12.A. He was unhappy. B. He was feeling a bit unwell.C. He went to see the doctor.D. The weather was nasty.13.A. You may find many of them on the bookseller’ shelves.B. You can buy it from almost every bookstore.C. It’s a very popular magazine.D. It doesn’t sell very well.14.A. A general practitioner. B. A gynecologist.B. An orthopedist D. A surgeon.15.A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Injections D. Surgery Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, readthe four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16.A. It is a genetic disorder.B. It is a respiratory condition in pigs.C. It is an illness from birds to humans.D. It is a gastric ailment.17.A. Eating pork.B. Raising pigs.C. Eating chicken.D. Breeding birds.18.A. Running nose.B. Inappetence.C. Pains all over.D. Diarrhea.19.A. To stay from crowds. B. To see the doctor immediately.C. To avoid medications.D. To go to the nearby clinic.20.A. It is a debate.B. It is a TV program.C. It is a consultation.D. It is a workshop.Passage One21.A. About 10,000,000.B. About 1,000,000.C. About 100,000.D. About 10,000.22.A. A cocktail of vitamins.B. A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium.C. The combination of vitamins A, C and E.D. The combination of minerals.23.A. The delicate structures of the inner ear. B. The inner ear cells.C. The eardrums.D. The inner ear ossicles.24.A. General Motors. B. The United Auto Workers.C. NIH.D. All of above.25.A. An industrial trial in Spain.B. Military trials in Spain and Sweden.C. Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden.D. A trial involving students at the University of Florida.Passage Two26.A. The link between obesity and birth defects.B. The link between obesity and diabetes.C. The risk of birth abnormalities.D. The harmful effects of obesity.27.A. Neural tube defects. B. Heart problems.C. Cleft lip and palate.D. Diabetes.28.A. 20 million. B. 200 million.C. 400 million.D. 40 million.29.A. A weight-loss surgery. B. A balanced diet.C. A change of life style.D. More exercise.30.A. Why obesity can cause birth defects.B. How obesity may cause birth defects.C. Why obesity can cause diabetes.D. How obesity may cause diabetes.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are tochoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Having a bird’s eye view from the helicopter, the vast pasture was __________ with beautiful houses.A. overlappedB. segregatedC. intersectedD. interspersed32. As usual, Singapore Airlines will reduce trans-pacific capacity in _________ seasons this year.A. sternB. slackC. sumptuousD. glamorous33. As to the living environment, bacteria’s needs vary, but most of them grow best ina slightly acid ___________.A. mechanismB. miniatureC. mediumD. means34. Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on ___________ in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane.A. flexibilityB. moralityC. capacityD. productivity35. In a stark _________ of fortunes, the Philippines –once Asia’s second richest country – recently had to beg Vietnam to sell its rice for its hungry millions.A. denialB. reversalC. intervalD. withdrawal36. Web portal Sohu has gone a step further and called for netizens to join in an all-out boycott of __________ content.A. wholesomeB. contagiousC. vulgarD. stagnant37. Experts urge a reforesting of cleared areas, promotion of reduced-impact logging, and _____________ agriculture, to maintain the rain forest.A. sustainableB. renewableC. revivableD. merchandisable38. In the U.S., the Republican’s doctrines were slightly liberal, whereas the Democrats’ were hardly _____________.A. rationalB. radicalC. conservativeD. progressive39. Officials from the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the __________ floods and drought this summer did not affect the country’s grain output.A. ripplingB. waningC. fluctuatingD. devastating40. It is believed that the Black Death, rampant in the Medieval Europe __________, killed 1/3 of its population.A. at largeB. at randomC. on endD. on averageSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phase underlined. There are four words or phases beneath each sentence, Choose the word orphase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.41. Christmas shoppers should be aware of the possible defects of the products sold ata discount.A. deficitsB. deviationsC. drawbacksD. discrepancies42. The goal of this training program is to raise children with a sense of responsibility and necessary courage to be willing to take on challenges in life.A. despiseB. evadeC. demandD. undertake43. After ―9.11‖, the Olympic Games severely taxed the security services of the host country.A. improvedB. burdenedC. inspectedD. tariffed44. The clown’s performance was so funny that the audience, adults and children alike, were all thrown into convulsions.A. a fit of enthusiasmB. a scream of frightC. a burst of laughterD. a cry of anguish45. We raised a mortgage from Bank of China and were informed to pay it off by the end of this year.A. loanB. paymentC. withdrawalD. retrieval46. The advocates highly value the ―sport spirit‖, while the opponent devalue it, asserting that it’s a sheer hypocrisy and self-deception.A. fineB. suddenC. finiteD. absolute47. Whenever a rattlesnake is agitated, it begins to move its tail and make a rattling noise.A. irritatedB. tamedC. stampedD. probed48. The detective had an unusual insight into criminal’s tricks and knew clearly how to track them.A. inductionB. perceptionC. interpretationD. penetration49. My little brother practices the speech repeatedly until his delivery and timing were perfect.A. presentationB. gestureC. rhythmD. pronunciation50. In recent weeks both housing and stock prices have started to retreat from their irrationally amazing highs.A. untimelyB. unexpectedlyC. unreasonablyD. unconventionallyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Video game players may get an unexpected benefitfrom blowing away bad guys—better vision. Playing ―action‖ video games improves a visual ability __51__ tasks like reading and driving at night, a new study says. The ability, called contrast sensitivity function, allows people to discern even subtle changes __52__ gray against a uniformly colored backdrop. It’s also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age. __53__ a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power, according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester.Previous research shows that gaming improves other visual skills, such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and __54__ attention to a series of fast-moving events. Bavelier said, ―A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced, __55__.‖The new work suggests that playing video games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments, which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses. ―__56__ you’ve had eye surgery or get corrective lenses, exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better, you need to retrain the brain to make use of the better, crisper information that’s coming in __57__ your improved eyesight,‖ Bavelier said.Expert action gamers in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2. A group of experienced nonaction gamers played The Sims 2, a ―life simulation‖ video game. The players of nonaction video games didn’t see the same vision __58__, the study says. Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games __59__ seem to sharpen visual skill. It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-building workout for the eyes, she said. Another possible __60__ is that the unpredictable, fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly. 51. A. crucial forB. available inC. resulting fromD. ascribed to52. A. in disguise ofB. in shades ofC. in search ofD. in place of53. A. This is howB. That’s whyC. It is not thatD. There exists54. A. paidB. paysC. payD. paying55. A. thoughB. not to sayC. not just oneD. as well56. A. UntilB. WhileC. UnlessD. Once57. A. as opposed toB. in addition toC. as a result ofD. in spite of58. A. benefitsB. defectsC. approachesD. risks59. A. in caseB. in advanceC. in returnD. in particular60. A. effectB. reasonC. outcomeD. conclusionPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneThere is plenty we don’t know about criminal behavior. Most crime goes unreported so it is hard to pick out trends from the data, and even reliable sets of statistics can be difficult to compare. But here is one thing we do know: those with a biological predisposition to violent behavior who are brought up in abusive homes are very likely to become lifelong criminals.Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was sure whether this was due mostly to social-environmental factors or biological ones. It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic when they act together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male victims of child abuse are several times as likely to become criminals and abusers themselves if they were born with a less-active version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which breaks down neurotransmitters crucial to the regulation of aggression.Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this ―double whammy‖ of predisposition and an unfortunate upbringing are likely to show signs of what’s to come at a very early age. The risk factors for long-term criminality –attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language difficulties – can be spotted in kindergarten. So given what we now know, should n’t we be doing everything to protect the children most at risk?No one is suggesting testing all boys to see which variant of the MAO-A gene they have, but what the science is telling us is that we should redouble efforts to tackle abusive upbringings, and even simple neglect. This will help any child, but especially those whose biology makes them vulnerable. Thankfully there is already considerable enthusiasm in both the US and the UK for converting the latest in behavioral science into parenting and social skills: both governments have schemes in place to improve parenting in families where children are at risk of receiving poor care.Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of early intervention because it implies our behavior becomes ―set‖ as we grow up, compromising the idea of free will. That view is understandable, but it would be negligent to ignore what the studies are telling us. Indeed, the cost to society of failing to intervene －in terms of criminal damage, dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime －is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting. The value to the children is immeasurable.61. Researchers have come to a consensus: to explain violent behavior ________.A. in terms of physical environmentB. form a biological perspectiveC. based on the empirical dataD. in a statistical way62. When we say that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, asindicated by the recent findings, we can probably mean that ___________.A. a particular gene is passed on in familiesB. child abuse will lead to domestic violenceC. the male victims of child abuse will pass on the tendencyD. the violent predisposition is exclusively born of child abuse63. The recent observation implicated that to check the development of antisocialand criminal behavior ___________.A. boys are to be screened for the biological predispositionB. high-risk kids should be brought up in kindergartenC. it is important to spot the genes for the risk factorsD. active measures ought to be taken at an early age64. To defend the argument against the unfavorable idea, the author makes it apoint to consider ___________.A. the immeasurable value of the genetic research on behaviorB. the consequences of compromising democracyC. the huge cost of improving parenting skillsD. the greater cost of failing to intervene65. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Parenting Strategies for KidsB. The Making of a CriminalC. Parental EducationD. Abusive ParentingPassage twoAfter 25 years battling the mother of all viruses, have we finally got the measure of HIV? Three developments featured in this issue collectively give grounds for optimism that would have been scarcely believable a year ago in the wake of another failed vaccine and continuing problems supplying drugs to all who need them.Perhaps the most compelling hope lies in the apparent ―cure‖ of a man with HIV who had also developed leukemia. Doctors treated his leukemia with a bone marrow transplant that also vanquished the virus. Now US Company Sangamo Biosciences is hoping to emulate the effect patients being cured with a single shot of gene therapy, instead of taking antiretroviral drugs for life.Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is itself another reason for optimism. Researchers at the World Health Organization have calculated that HIV could be effectively eradicated in Africa and other hard-hit places using existing drugs. The trick is to test everyone often, and give those who test positive ART as soon as possible. Because the drugs rapidly reduce circulating levels of the virus to almost zero, it would stop people passing it on through sex. By blocking the cycle of infection in this way, the virus could be virtually eradicated by 2050.Bankrolling such a long-term program would cost serious money –initially around $3.5 billion a year in South Africa alone, ring to $85 billion in total. Huge as it sounds, however, it is peanuts compared with the estimated $1.9 trillion cost of the Iraq war, or the $700 billion spent in one go propping up the US banking sector. It also look small beer compared with the costs of carrying on as usual, which the WHO says can only lead to spiraling cases and costs.The final bit of good news is that the cost of ART could keep on falling. Last Friday, GlaxoSmithKline chairman Andrew Witty said that his company would offer all its medicines to the poorest countries for at least 25 per cent less than the typical price in rich countries. GSK has already been doing this for ART, but the hope is that the company may now offer it cheaper still and that other firms will follow their lead.No one doubt the devastation caused by AIDS. In 2007, 2 million people died and 2.7 million more contracted the virus. Those dismal numbers are not going to turn around soon – and they won’t turn around at all without huge effort and investment. But at least there is renewed belief that, given the time and money, we can finally start riddling the world of this most fearsome of viruses.66. Which is the following can be most probably perceived beyond the first paragraph?A. The end of the world.B. A candle of hope.C. A Nobel prize.D. A Quick Fix.67. According to the passage, the apparent “cure” of the HIV patient who had alsodeveloped leukemia would ___________.A. make a promising transition from antiretroviral medication to gene therapyB. facilitate the development of effective vaccines for the infectionC. compel people to draw an analogy between AIDS and leukemiaD. would change the way we look at those with AIDS68. As another bit of good news, ___________.A. HIV will be virtually wiped out first in AfricaB. the cycle of HIV infection can be broken with ARTC. the circulating levels of HIV have been limited to almost zeroD. the existing HIV drugs will be enhanced to be more effective in 25 years69. The last reason for optimism is that ___________.A. governments will invest more in improving ARTB. the cost of antiretroviral therapy is on the declineC. everybody can afford antiretroviral therapy in the worldD. the financial support of ART is coming to be no problem70. The whole passage carries a tone of ___________.A. idealismB. activismC. criticismD. optimismPassage ThreeArchaeology can tell us plenty about how humans looked and the way they lived tens of thousands of years ago. But what about the deeper questions? Could early humans speak, were they capable of self-conscious reflection, did they believe in anything?Such questions might seem to be beyond the scope of science. Not so. Answering them is the focus of a burgeoning field that brings together archaeology and neuroscience. It aims to chart the development of human cognitive powers. This is not easy to do. A skull gives no indication of whether its owner was capable of speech, for example. The task then is to find proxies (替代物)for key traits and behaviors that have stayed intact over millennia.Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this endeavor is teasing out the role of culture as a force in the evolution of our mental skills. For decades, development of the brain has been seen as exclusively biological. But increasingly, that is being challenged.Take what the Cambridge archaeologist Colin Renfrew calls ―the sapient (智人的) paradox (矛盾)‖. Evidence suggests that the human genome, and hence the brain, has changed little in the past 60,000 years. Yet it wasn’t until about 10,000 years ago that profound changes took place in human behavior: people settled in villages and built shrines. Renfrew’s paradox is why, if the hardware was in place, did it take so long for humans to start changing the world?His answer is that the software –the culture –took a long time to develop. In particular, the intervening time saw humans vest (赋予) meaning in objects and symbols. Those meanings were developed by social interaction over successive generations,passed on through teaching, and stored in the neuronal connections of children.Culture also changes biology by modifying natural selection, sometimes in surprising ways. How is it, for example, that a human gene for making essential vitamin C became blocked by junk DNA? One answer is that our ancestors started eating fruit, so the pressure to make vitamin C ―relaxed‖ and the gene became unnecessary. By this reasoning, early humans then became addicted to fruit, and any gene that helped them to find it was selected for.Evidence suggests that the brain is so plastic that, like genes, it can be changed by relaxing selection pressure. Our understanding of human cognitive development is still fragmented and confused, however. We have lots of proposed causes and effects, and hypotheses to explain them. Yet the potential pay-off makes answers worth searching for. If we know where the human mind came from and what changed it, perhaps we can gauge where it is going. Finding those answers will take all the ingenuity the modern human mind can muster.71. The questions presented in the first paragraph ___________.A. seem to have no answers whateverB. are intended to dig for ancient human mindsC. are not scientific enough to be answered hereD. are raised to explore the evolution of human appearance72. The scientists find the proxy to be ___________.A. the role of cultureB. the passage of timeC. the structure of a skullD. the biological makeup of the brain73. According to Renfrew’s paradox, the transition from 60,000 to 10,000 years agosuggests that ___________.A. human civilization came too lateB. the hardware retained biologically staticC. it took so long for the software to evolveD. there existed an interaction between gene and environment74. From the example illustrating the relation between culture and biology, wemight conclude that ___________.A. the mental development has not been exclusively biologicalB. the brain and culture have not developed at the same paceC. the theory of natural selection applies to human evolutionD. vitamin C contributes to the development of the brain75. Speaking of the human mind, the author would say that ___________.A. its cognitive development is extremely slowB. to know its past is to understand its futureC. its biological evolution is hard to predictD. as the brain develops, so as the mindPassage FourDespite the numerous warnings about extreme weather, rising sea levels and mass extinctions, one message seems to have got lost in the debate about the impact of climate change. A warmer world won’t just be inconvenient. Huge swathes (片) of it, including most of Europe, the US and Australia as well as all of Africa and China will actually be uninhabitable--- too hot, dry or stormy to sustain a human population.This is no mirage. It could materialize if the world warms by an average of just 4°C, which some models predict could happen as soon as 2050. This is the world our children and grandchildren are going to have to live in. So what are we going to do about it?One option is to start planning to move the at-risk human population to parts of the world where it will still be cool and wet. It might seem like a drastic move, but this thought experiment is not about scaremongering (危言耸听). Every scenario is extrapolated from predictions of the latest climate models, and some say that 4°C may actually turn out to be a conservative estimate.Clearly this glacier-free, desertified world---with its human population packed into high-rise cities closer to the poles---would be a last resort. Aside from anything else, it is far from being the most practical option: any attempt at mass migration is likely to fuel wars, political power struggles and infighting.So what are the alternatives? The most obvious answer is to radically reduce carbon dioxide levels now, by fast-tracking green technologies and urgently implementing energy-efficient measures. But the changes aren’t coming nearly quickly enough and global emissions are still rising. As a result, many scientists are now turning to ―Earth’s plan B‖.Plan B involves making sure we have large scale geoengineering technologies ready and waiting to either suck CO2 out of the atmosphere or deflect the sun’s heat. Most climate scientists were once firmly against fiddling with the Earth’s thermostat, fearing that it may make a bad situation even worse, or provide politicians with an excuse to sit on their hands and do nothing.Now they reluctantly acknowledge the sad truth that we haven’t managed to reorder the world fast enough to reduce CO2 emissions and that perhaps, given enough funding research and political muscle, we can indeed design, test and regulate geoengineering projects in time to avert the more horrifying consequences of climate change.Whatever we do, now is the time to act. The alternative is to plan for a hothouse world that none of us would recognize as home.76. To begin with, the author is trying to remind us of ____________.A. the likelihood of climate change making life inconvenientB. the warning against worsening climate changeC. the inevitable consequence of global warmingD. the misconception of a warmer world77. As the thought experiment shows, those at risk from global warming will ____________.A. live with the temperature raised by an average of 4°CB. have nowhere to go but live in the desertC. become victims as soon as 2050D. move closer to the poles78. It is clear from the passage that a practical approach to global warming is _________.A. to reduce massively CO2 emissionsB. to take protective measures by 2025C. to prepare a blueprint for mass migrationsD. to launch habitual constructions closer to the poles。
广州中医药大学硕士英语期末题目
1.Could you please briefly describe the atmosphere that affected the development of earlyChinese medicine?It was a time of intellectual freedom and political uncertainties, during which “the various schools of thought and their exponents rose in swarms and contended one against another heatedly.”It was in this atmosphere that astronomy, including the calendar, mathematics, biology, geography, anthropology, psychology, and agricultural technology all began to flourish. Meanwhile, the theories of yin-yang and of the five elements, as well as the concept of the vital essence, gradually matured and became extensively used to interpret natural phenomena and to express their regularities as laws.2.What are the contents of the Internal Classic?The Internal Classic explained the laws of life and the unity of the body with the natural world. It provided a systematic discussion of anatomy -- the viscera and the meridians -- physiology and pathology. It also expounded the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. In deliberately combining natural science with philosophy, the Internal Classic provided a deep interdisciplinary approach toward medicine and medical practice.3.Why is the Classic on Medical Problems regarded as the initial formation of TCM theory.It is an important contribution to the development of the basic theory of TCM, especially its elaboration of the theories of pulse study, visceral manifestations, meridians and so on, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the principles of treatment and the establishment of prescriptions.1.What are the functions of the “fire of the gate of life” in maintaining the vitality of metabolicprocesses?Fire of the gate of life assists the heart in its function of housing the mind(shen); it provides the warmth necessary to the spleen to transform and transport; it stimulates the small intestine function of separation; it provides the heat necessary to the bladder and lower burner to transform and excrete fluids and it provides the heat necessary for the uterus keep the blood moving?2.What would happen to the physiological processes if the balance between fire and water isdisturbed?When fire gets out of hand and becomes excessive, it has a tendency to flow upwards; hence the manifestations will show on the top part of the body and head, with headaches, red eyes, red face or thirst. When water becomes excessive, it has a tendency to flow downwards causing oedema of the legs, excessive urination or incontinence.3.What are the functions of yin and yang organs that are mutually dependent on each other?The function of the yang organs is to produce qi and blood from the transformation of food.The function of yin organs is to provide for the yang ones nourishment deriving from blood and essence stored by the yin organs.1.What are the relationships that are not accepted by practitioners of Chinese medicine?The relationships are: earth would correspond to the spleen, qi, dampness, worry,consciousness of possibilities, and faithfulness; wood would correspond to the liver, blood, wind, non-corporeal soul, and human kindness; water would correspond to the kidney, essence, cold, fear, and the will; fire would correspond to the heart, warmth, elation, heart, spirit, and propriety, and metal would correspond to the lung, fluids, dryness, corporeal soul, and righteousness.2.What are the two groups of medically useful correspondences of the five elements?They are those that make metaphysical sense in the Chinese mode of thought, or are construed to have associations outside the body (often forced associations), and those derived from the functions of the organs or from empirical observation.3.How is the correspondence between metal and the nose establish the different types ofcorrespondence?The nose is the opening most often affected by diseases of the lung, and the nasal tract is considered an extension of the lung. Since the lung is associated with meal, the nose is also given that association.1.Why is it difficult to understand the concept of qi?The concept of qi is difficult to understand because of its multidimensional nature. Qi is an enigma, for it is both a noun and a verb, just as light may be described as particle and a wave.2.How do you understand the statement that the foundation of our health rests on theharmonious integration and balance that qi provides?Qi dances in our hearts and allows us the full range of our emotions. It stimulates and power our minds to give us the ability to reason and dream. It integrates the functions of our bodies, which themselves are the material manifestations of this enlivening force. Besides, the famous physician Zhang Zai (1020-1077AD) stated, “if qi condenses, its visibility becomes effective and physical form appears.”3.How do you understand the statement that qi has a number of primary forms and functionsthat change according to the environment and circumstances that surround it?Qi is the force propelling the blood through the arteries and veins, yet is the very quality of that blood itself. It is the air that enters our lungs as we breathe, yet is the energy the lungs use to inhale and exhale as well as the lung tissue itself.Unit 51.What are the main signs that reflect “disquieted heart spirit?”Insomnia, profuse dreaming, heart vexation and heart palpitations are understood as the main signs that reflect “disquieted heart spirit.”2.What symptoms will non diffusion of lung qi result in?Non diffusion of lung q will result in nasal congestion, a hoarse voice, and sweating abnormalities.3.Why are the spleen and the stomach associates with the earth phase?Because the earth phase is associated with the season of “long summer”(late summer), when most grains and fruits are harvested, the spleen and the stomach, which harvest nutrients from food in the digestive tract, naturally became associated with the earth phase.Unit 71.What’s the connotation of examination methods in a narrow sense?In a narrow sense, examination methods refer primarily to the four examinations: visual examination, listening and smelling examination, inquiry examination and palpation examination.2.What do physicians of Chinese medicine inspect the exterior manifestations of disease for?Any disharmony between qi and blood, yin and yang, zang-organs and fu-organs will be reflected on the exterior of the body. Hence, by using inspection examination to investigate the exterior manifestations of the disease one can deduce its nature.3.On what grounds does the author claim that the inspection of the tongue image is especiallyimportant?On such grounds that changes or abnormalities in the tongue body can reflect the circumstances of the zang-fu organs, qi and blood. In other words, the exuberance and debility of the right qi is manifested in the tongue body. Furthermore, the nature of the disease can also be identified from the color of the tongue fur.1.What are the six pernicious influences?The six pernicious influences-heat, cold, wind, dampness, dryness and summer heat---are external climatic forces that can invade the body and create disharmony in the mind/ body/ spirit.2.What kind of symptoms will present when external cold attacks the human beings?When external cold attacks the body, acute illness may develop, along with chills, fever and body aches. When the external cold moves inward and becomes an interior disharmony, it is associated with a chronic condition that produces a pale face, lethargy and grogginess, a craving for heat and a tendency to sleep for longer than usual periods of time.3.Would you please give a brief introduction to the pathological characters of heat disorders?Heat disorders cause overactive yang functions or insufficient yin function. They are generally associated with bodily heart, a red face, hyperactively and talk-activeness, fever, thirst for clod liquids and a rapid pulse. Symptoms include carbuncles and bodied, dry mouth and thirst. Confused speech and delirium arise when heat attacks the shen.翻译第3章1. Archimeds first discover the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。
广中医研究生英语考试
一、中医翻译20分a. 英译汉（绿本，7unit，PPT、注释、练习、长难句）Uint1PPT:Pa1:原句：It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism.It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe.它建立在宇宙整体观的基础上。
This holistic concept is outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism.该整体观在道家精神内涵里有描述道家精神内涵对此整体观作了描述/解释这种理解建立在道家精神内涵里面描述的宇宙整体观基础上。
It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism, and it has produced a highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health and well-being.译文：它基于到家精神内涵解释宇宙的整体观念，并且衍生出一套高度成熟的治疗疾病及保健的方法。
Pa2:原句：Although they appear very different in approach, They all share the same underlying sets of assumptions about the nature of the human body and its place in the universe.Although they appear very different in approach尽管方法看似各不相同They all share the same underlying sets of assumptions他们有相同的基本认识Assumptions about...对……的认识他们对……的基本认识是相同的。
2013广东英语试题和答案
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语（A卷）I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a bird’s 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.How good is a human’s number sense? It’s not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s.1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately5. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval6. A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill10. A. reported B. repeated C. designed D. approved11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk12. A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally13. A. single B. small C. local D. new14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用口号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16 ~ 25的相应位置上。
2010-2013 广外MTI真题回忆整理打印版
广东外贸2010年MTI硕士入学考试第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 P）01. Although she gives badly ____ titles to her musical compositions, they ____ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds, and bird songs.A. conventional / incorporateB. eccentric / deployC. traditional / excludeD. imaginative / disguise02. Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin, his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that later anthologies of French folktales have never ____ them.A. excludedB. admiredC. collectedD. comprehended03. In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent, her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been ____.A. exaggeratedB. ignoredC. scrutinizedD. derided04. There seems to be no ____ the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s: indeed, the normal level of interest has ____ recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A. quenching / moderatedB. whetting / mushroomedC. slaking / increasedD. ignoring / transformed05. Despite a tendency to be overtly ____, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.A. divertingB. emotionalC. didacticD. romantic06. One of the first ____ of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry: smoke tends to drive out the insect that, by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A. reformersB. discoveriesC. casualtiesD. beneficiaries07. The research committee urged the archaeologist to ____ her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great, since her initial report has been based only on ____.A. disseminate / suppositionB. withdraw / evidenceC. undercut / capriceD. document / conjecture08. Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously, her new film is less inclined to ____: the gags are fewer and subtler.A. understatementB. preciosityC. symbolismD. melodrama09. Bebop’s legacy is ____ one: bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form, but it ____ jazz’s mass audience, which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A. a mixed / alienatedB. a troubled / seducedC. an ambiguous / aggrandizedD. a valuable / refined10. The exhibition’s importance lies in its ____: curators have g athered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A. homogeneityB. sophistryC. scopeD. farsightedness11. Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be____ read because its prose is so ____ that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A. seldom / transparentB. carefully / pellucidC. little / turgidD. eagerly / digressive12. Carleton would still rank among the great ____ of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less ____ than they are.A. celebrities / obscureB. failures / illustriousC. charlatans / impeccableD. enigmas / mysterious13. Although based on an actual event, the film lacks ____: the director shuffles events, simplifies the tangle of relationships, and ____ documentary truth for dramatic power.A. conviction / embracesB. expressiveness / exaggeratesC. verisimilitude / sacrificesD. realism / substitutes14. When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times, he endowed the paper witha uniquely ____ tone, avoiding the ____ editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A. abstruse / scholarlyB. dispassionate / shrillC. argumentative / tendentiousD. cosmopolitan / timely15. There are as good fish in the sea ____ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so16. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining17. “You ____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them”, I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can18. If only the patient ____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving19. Linda was ____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting20. She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been21. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. thatB. asC. soD. very22. The committee has anticipated the problems that ____ in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen23. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____ impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find24. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have25. The research requires more money than ____.A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in26. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more27. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be28. ____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. Being lookedD. To look29. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues30. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _____ forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. realPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （40 P）Passage AOn New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3. 5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; thelion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions o f dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive（the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it）. Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.01. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.B. The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.C. The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.D. Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.02. The word “encapsulates”in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”（para. l）can be replaced by ____.A. concludes.B. involves.C. represents.D. aggravates.03. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?A. Neutral and indifferent.B. Sympathetic and understanding.C. Critical and vehement.D. Subjective and fatalistic.04. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”（para. 4）, he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not ____.A. have an objective view of the situation in AfricaB. understand the unpredictable weather systems thereC. feel themselves superior in decision makingD. care about the development of the local people05. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is ____.A. to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralistsB. to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in AfricaC. to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralismD. to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage BCivil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice（DOJ）has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act（COPA）, but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. （The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched. ）Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth ofsearch queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. “What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?” Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper autho rities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without w orrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”01. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is ____.A. to protect national securityB. to help protect personal freedomC. to monitor Internet pornographyD. to implement the Child Online Protection Act02. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”（para. 2）required by DOJ as it believes that ____.A. it is not involved in the court caseB. users’ privacy is most importantC. the government has violated the First AmendmentD. search terms is the company’s business secret03. The phrase “scaled back to”in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”（para. 3）can be replaced by ____.A. maximized toB. minimized toC. returned toD. reduced to04. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”（para. 4）, the expression “sink its own case”most probably means that ____.A. counterattack the oppositionB. lead to blocking of porn sitesC. provide evidence to disprove the caseD. give full ground to support the case05. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”（para. 5）, the expression “Big Brother”is used to refer to ____.A. a friend or relative showing much concernB. a colleague who is much more experiencedC. a dominating and all-powerful ruling powerD. a benevolent and democratic organizationPart 3: Answering Questions. （20 P）Passage AMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12. 30, or 1% to $1,156. 20 a month. “It was a real shock,” she says. “My pension had always gone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War II—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37. 5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners’ groups.The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Ger many alone. “In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,” says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti: “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy—two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U. S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. Therising cost is having serious repercussio ns on key European nations’ commitments to fiscal restraint. “Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority,” says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector, corporate contributions to state pension systems—which make up 19. 5% of total gross pay in Germany—add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers’ competitivene ss and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41. 7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year.To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pension schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy.QuestionsParaphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves”? What is implied by the last sentence of the passage “While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next gene ration of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy”?Passage BIn the old days, it was all done with cakes. For Marcel Proust, it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to “the vast structure of recollection” that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, “Remembrance of Past Things.” These days, it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically, why are all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads: “acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness.” With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no w onder we’re aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. “People are looking for something authentic,” says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology. “Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,” says Michael J. Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York. “These are the new good old days.” Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the Holy Grail for admen, and their past has become everyone’s present. In a study on “entertainment imprinting,” two A merican marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People’s favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. Thecompany hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Homeward Bound,” just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of “Start Me up” by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s.If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in “nostalgia” on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after 1978’s Islamic revolution. Perhaps t he savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site alibris. com, which features stories of clients’ rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on “Kickapoo Joy Juice,” ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer” Down cherry Street.” The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. “Historic! Microsoft Multi plan for Macintosh” crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like “In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to rep eat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market “70s TV hits like “Charlie’s Angels” and “Scooby Doo,” out next year, to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round. If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a “Sopranos” episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. “I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,” he says. “God help me, I hope it’s not selling insurance.” It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing’s sacred.QuestionsExplain the beginning sentence “In the old days, it was all done with cakes.” What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories? What do these people share? What is “nostalgia market”? What do they sell in the nostalgia market?Part 4: Writing. （30 P）Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about 400 words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.。
广医2012-2013学年第一学期公共英语2课程考试卷
2012-2013学年第一学期 《公共英语2》课程考试卷（A 卷） 专业：临床医学、医学影像、医学检验、口腔医学、康复治疗学、药学、 应用心理学、中西医临床医学、护理学 层次：本科 年级：成教2012 （试卷总分：100分，考试时间：120分钟，试题内容9页，空白纸0页） 教研室主任审核签名： Part I Dialogue Completion(15%) Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center . 1. Host: John, come and sit in the sofa. Dinner will be ready in a minute. Could I get you something to drink? Guest: _________ A. No don’t trouble. I’ve drunk enough. B. No, you couldn’t. I’m not thirsty. C. Yes, please. I’d like some Sprite. D. Yes, you could. I’d like some Coca cola. 2. Speaker A: I’ve got a fever and a really bad headache. Speaker B: __________ A. Why are you so careless about yourself? B. This kind of thing happens to everyone. C. You should take good care of yourself. D. Oh, that’s too bad. Why don’t you take some aspirin? 3. Tom ：Hello. May I speak to Jack? Jack: __________ A. sorry, the number is engaged. Will you hold? B. Yes, speaking. C. Hello. Who’re you please? D. Hello. Thank you for calling. 4. Tom : I’m afraid I must be going now. Thank you for the delicious dinner. Lucy : _________. A. Take care B. It’s just so -so C. I’m not good at it D. I’m glad you enjoyed it 5. Adam : It’s very kind of you to come to see me off, Betty. 客观题 总分 得分 姓名：＿＿＿＿＿＿ 年级： 专业： 班别： 层次： 学号:□□□□□□□□□□Betty: __________.A. That’s my dutyB. Not at all. It’s the least I could doC. Don’t be so politeD. Never mind it6. Tom: Nice to meet you, Jim.Jim: ____________.A. Same hereB. Same to youC. Thank you all the sameD. The same again, please7. Clerk: Would you sign the register, please?Mr. Woods: Sure. __________, does my room have a private bath?Clerk: Certainly. Every room in this hotel has a private bath.A. On the contraryB. By the wayC. In any caseD. Sorry to trouble you8. Roger: Hurry up! We don't have much time left.Dick: __________. We still have two hours.Roger: Come on! This is my first time ever to take a plane. I don’t want anything to go wrong.A. Go onB. Take it easyC. All rightD. Look out9. Shop-assistant: May I help you, sir?Mr. Blair: Er ... I want to buy my wife a gift for Christmas, but I don’t know what she would like.Shop assistant: __________? These are all from Paris.Mr. Blair: No. She has very good taste in clothes. I don’t want to take the risk.A. Do you want to buy a pair of shoesB. What about a gold necklaceC. How about an evening gownD. Don’t you think a gold watch would be very nice10. Bus driver: Move to the rear of the bus, please. There are plenty of seats.Passenger: _________?Bus driver: Forty cents. Drop it in the box.A. What is the price, pleaseB. What shall be the fee, pleaseC. How much does it cost, pleaseD. How much is the fare, please11. Passenger: Driver, I want a transfer to the 55th street cross-town bus. How much is the fare?Driver: _________A. We don’t need money for transferB. We have no fare for transfer.C. There’s no payment for transfer.D. There’s no charge for transfer.12. Husband: Can I wait at the coffee bar? I feel ill at ease when you are picking things out.Wife: ________. I don’t want to shop alone. You can always give me advice, or enjoy looking at beautiful women.Husband: Don’t talk nonsense.A. Please, honeyB. All right, honeyC. Excuse me, honeyD. Sorry, honey13. Lucinda: Can you come and have dinner with us?Jonathan: Sounds good. When shall I come?Lucinda: At eight. ________.A. We’ll be seeing youB. We wait for youC. We wait until you comeD. We’ll be expecting you14. A Stranger:___________. Can you tell me where the Big Hen Supermarket is?A Passer-by: Got me, boy. I’m a stranger here myself.A Stranger: Well, thank you anyway.A. I’m sorryB. Excuse meC. Never mindD. Glad to meet you15. Student A: How is everything with Mary?Student B: She had an accident in her new car and she’s still in hospital.Student A: __________.A. That’s great!B. That’s too bad.C. That sounds nice.D. That’s OK.Part II Reading Comprehension 阅读理解(40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centerPassage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Within a few years, girls in Europe have become heavier smokers than their male peers, for reasons experts still fail to understand, according to a British study presented last week to an international conference on smoking. Anti-smoking activists at the second “Tobacco or Health” conference pointed out that while adults were giving up smoking in ever growing numbers, more and more young people were taking up the habit, particularly girls, one 15-year-old in four is a regular smoker, according to study conducted in 27 countries in Europe. In Western Europe, girls were more likely than boys to smoke. In Germany or in England, one third of the girls were habitual smokers compared to one in four boys. In Eastern Europe, the girls “still lag behind” their western counterparts but were “catching up” quickly, said the study entitled “Home Behavior on Smoking Consumption.”The reasons for this pattern are unclear. They appear to contradict those who blame the trend on home background since growing numbers of adults, and therefore parents, are giving up smoking.Some theories claim girls see smoking as a way to affirm their equality with their male friends even though the girls have more than just caught up with the boys and in many cases now smoke more.Others say girls are a prime target of tobacco advertising campaigns which have abandoned the cowboy’s image to promote that of the modern, active young woman keen to stay slim. All the specialists agree, however, that they see no rational explanation for this trend.16. All of the following is the reasons of the trend except __________.A. the influence of advertisementB. the wom en’s liberation movementC. girls’ seeking equality with their male friendsD. family background17. What’s the author’s attitude towards the trend?A. Worried.B. Indifferent.C. Optimistic.D. Pessimistic.18. The passage most probably is __________.A. a news reportB. a research paperC. an experiment reportD. a warning19. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. more boys than girls smoke in eastern EuropeB. in the past among smokers adults were more than boys and girlsC. tobacco sells better now than in the pastD. specialists have found out the reasons of the trend20. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Many People Have Given up SmokingB. More European Girls SmokeC. Reasons for Girls’ SmokingD. How to Prevent Girls from SmokingPassage TwoQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:People who intentionally starve themselves suffer from an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa. The disorder, which usually begins in young people around the time of puberty (青春期), involves extreme weight loss—at least 15 percent below the individual’s normal body weight. Many people with the disorder look thin but are convinced they are overweight. Sometimes they must be hospitalized to prevent starvation.Deborah developed anorexia nervosa when she was 16. A rather shy, studious teenager, she tried hard to please everyone. She had an attractive appearance, but was slightly overweight. Like many teenage girls, she was interested in boys but concerned that she wasn’t pretty enough to get their attention. When her father jokingly remarked that she would never get a date if she didn’t take off some weight, she took him seriously and began to diet violently.Every day she weighted all the food she would eat on a kitchen scale, cutting solids into little pieces and precisely measuring liquids. She also exercised compulsively, even after she weakened and became faint. She never took an elevator if she could walk up steps.No one was able to convince Deborah that she was in danger. Finally, her doctor insisted that she be hospitalized and carefully monitored for treatment of her illness. While in the hospital, she secretly continued her exercise in the bathroom. It took several hospitalizations and a good deal of individual and family outpatient therapy (治疗) for Deborah to face and solve her problems.Deborah’s case is not unusual. People with anorexia typically starve themselves, even though they suffer terribly from hunger pains. One of the most frightening aspects of the disorder is that people with anorexia continue to think they are overweight even when they are bone-thin. For reasons not yet understood, they become terrified of gaining any weight.21. What is anorexia nervosa (Sentence 1, Para. 1)?A. Eating disorder among adults.B. Unconsciously losing weight.C. Intentionally losing weight especially among young people.D. Losing weight to keep fit.22. What is the ultimate cause of Deborah’s illness?A. Being shy.B. Being interested in boys.C. Her father’s joke.D. Her wrong concept of being attractive.23. In order to lose weight, Deborah did the following things EXCEPT __________.A. weighted the food on scale.B. measured liquids.C. never took an elevator if she could walk up.D. had enough sleep.24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Deborah’s case is unique.B. People with anorexia nervosa never suffer from hunger pains.C. People with anorexia nervosa intentionally starve themselves.D. The reason why people with anorexia nervosa are terrified of gaining weight is very clear.25. We can infer from this passage that people with anorexia nervosa __________.A. can be cured by medicineB. would better consult a psychiatristC. are often fat and uglyD. are often bone-thinPassage ThreeQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.26. A small population may mean __________.A. higher productivity, but a lower average incomeB. lower productivity, but a higher average incomeC. lower productivity and a lower average incomeD. higher productivity and a higher average income27. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing __________.A. agricultureB. transport systemC. industryD. national economy28. In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate _________.A. goes upB. goes downC. remains stableD. is out of control29. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for __________.A. a developing nationB. a developed nationC. every nation with a big populationD. every nation with a small population30. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because __________.A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the worldB. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial developmentC. different governments have different views of the questionD. even developed countries may have complex problemsPassage FourQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:There are many ways to find a job. it can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.Another popular tool for finding jobs is the internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist web site to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the career exploration center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do, for example, there is a book called “What Color isYour Parachute (降落伞)?”by Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California career services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests, and then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Finding a job.B. College students’ part-time jobs.C. Craigslist web site.D. The relation between study and work.32. By logging on the Craigslist web site, you can _________.A. sell your old thingsB. do some shopping onlineC. create your own announcement boardD. get useful information about 450 cities33. “What Color is Your Parachute?” is a book which gives tips to those who want to __________.A. work on the airplaneB. buy a parachuteC. publish a bookD. find a suitable job34. It can be learned from the passage that ___________.A. companies often put job information in local shopsB. the internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA.C. Susan W. Miller’s company is helping people choose careersD. California career services mainly serves university students35. how many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?A. three.B. four.C. five.D. six.Part III Vocabulary and Structures (20%)Directions:In this part there are 40 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.36. She had to work more than 10 hours a day. Her health _________ under the pressure of work．A. broke outB. broke inC. broke throughD. broke down37. The witness had difficulty __________ the details of what happened on that day．A. at recallingB. to recallC. with recallingD. in recalling38. He is very reliable．You can _________ his help．A. count inB. count onC. be counted onD. be counted in39. I was delighted to __________ your success．A. hear fromB. hear ofC. hear outD. hear40. Harris will ________ me _________ whole heartedly as he used to．A. back...upB. hold...upC. clear...upD. fix...up41. We must redouble our efforts，or we’ll never be able to _________ others.A. add up toB. catch up withC. check up onD. come along with42. How can you __________ your neighbor?A. get down toB. get up toC. get through withD. get on with43. My husband loves sports very much．He is __________ to running In the morning．A. accustomedB. attachedC. likelyD. able44. Seats are __________ but tickets are not．This is a strange phenomenon when the Spring Festivaldraws near.A. preferableB. considerableC. possibleD. available45. We think _________ to combine theory with practice.A. necessaryB. this necessaryC. that necessaryD. it necessary46. There are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but _____ are known to me.A. allB. neitherC. noneD. no one47. Some of the travelers went swimming, while _________ sat on the beach for sunbathing.A. the othersB. the otherC. anotherD. Others48. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in t he factory ________ by 10%.A. will have risenB. has risenC. will be risingD. has been rising49. Children should _________ the importance of saving water．A. make to understandB. make understandC. be made to understandD. be made understand50. In European universities, students are not _________ to attend classes.A. requestedB. persuadedC. neededD. required51. A well-written composition _________ good choice of words and clear organization among otherthings.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off52. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter _________ I’m talking to.A. who is itB. who it isC. it is whoD. it is whom53. That was _________ good friends ten years ago.A. how did they becomeB. how they becomeC. how have they becomeD. how they became54. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever55. I have no idea _________ he will be back．A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when56. _________ arrived at the airport when I heard my flight announced.A. No sooner had IB. I hardlyC. I had no soonerD. Hardly had I57. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, __________.A. however much it costsB. however does it cost muchC. how much does it costD. no matter how it costs58. _________ is often the case, we have over-fulfilled the production plan.A. ItB. ThatC. AsD. What59. The only thing _________ is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the other day.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where60. Do you know the reason _________ there are heat losses in a steam engine?A. whichB. for thatC. asD. why61. We knew him _________ by the police for speeding.A. to arrestB. ArrestingC. to have been arrestedD. to have arrested62. I wondered _________ to write or phone for fear of miscommunication.A. whetherB. whatC. whereD. which63. I am shamed _________ I haven’t been to church for three years.A. sayingB. to sayC. and sayD. having said64. It is generous __________ you to share your food with me although you are starving.A. asB. withC. forD. of65. He does not care about offending others but gets angry at __________.A. being offendedB. offendedC. offendingD. offend66. He suggested _________ a lecture given by Professor White on English language learning.A. me to attendB. my attendingC. my attentionD. me attending67. She forgot _________ Tom there would be an important meeting tomorrow morning, and Tom wasabsent from it.A. tellsB. tellingC. to tellD. told68. Although its ticket costs 60 yuan, the movie is worth _________.A. seeingB. seeC. to seeD. seen69. He talked his father _________ him the car.A. lendingB. into lendingC. to lendD. lend70. I heard of _________ to be the coach of the team.A. his having been chosenB. his having chosenC. him had chosenD. him had been chosen71. With the guide _________ the way, the rescue team set off on foot into the dark night.A. leadsB. ledC. leadingD. to lead72. The ending of the romantic story is so _________ that I burst into cry.A. touchB. touchingC. touchedD. to touch73. _________ our present work, we made a plan for the future study.A. SummarizedB. SummarizingC. Having summarizedD. Being summarized74. I saw him _________ in the garden at 7:00 yesterday morning.A. walkB. walkingC. walksD. walked75. I got my clothes _________ in the laundry at school.A. washB. washesC. to washD. washedPart IV Cloze 完形填空(10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage.Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 76 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 77 , It won' t exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn’t give you too many headaches or sleep less nights.If you are planning to 78 one of the well known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there' s a preparation course 79 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 80 of exam success and that the teacher is 81 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 82 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 83 by the exam.If you take 84 exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 85 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to put in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can’t take the exam for you).76.A. take B. walk C. follow D. keep77.A. painful B. painless C. enjoyable D. marvelous78.A. get B. prepare C. participate D. take79.A. ready B. available C. offering D. existing80.A. management B. foundation C. expectation D. record81.A. experience B. experiencing C. experienced D. experiences82.A. how B. that C. what D. whether83.A. required B. determined C. corresponded D. accorded84.A. a B. an C. the D. one85.A. going B. coming C. being D. getting答 题 卡2012-2013学年第一学期 《公共英语2》课程考试卷（A 卷） 专业：临床医学、医学影像、医学检验、口腔医学、康复治疗学、药学、 应用心理学、中西医临床医学、护理学 层次：本科 年级：成教2012 Part I Dialogue Completion(15%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Part III Vocabulary and Structures (20%) 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Part IV Cloze (10%) 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Part V Writing (15 points) For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic : Does e-mail make people get closer or drift apart? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 人们对电子邮件的看法 2. 解释人们对邮件持不同看法的原因 3. 你的观点 Does e-mail make people get closer or drift apart? 电子邮件让人更亲近了还是更疏远了？ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 名：＿＿＿＿＿＿ 年级： 专业： 班别： 层次： 学号:□□□□□□□□□□_________________________________________________________________________________________（此页如不够写，请写在背面）_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________。
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1、What is a reductionist ideology?It seeks to understand a system by breaking it down into its constituent parts.2、What are the proofed benefits of Chinese“soft exercises”?Symptomatic relief and improved health and well-being3、What’s the fundamental difference between the western logic and the Chinese concept of yin-yang?The former is based on opposition of contraries while the latter represent opposite but complementary qualities.4、What does“drain and not store”mean?“Drain and not store”refers to the role of the Yang organs in the transformation and disposal of food and waste.All the Yang organs receive food or a product of food and pass it along.5、How does the concept of the organs in Chinese medicine differ from that of contemporary western medicine?The organs in Chinese medicine do not refer to the specific tissue,but rather to semi-abstract concepts which are complexes of closed interrelated functions.6、What’s the main function of blood?To nourish the whole of the body.7、What’s the transformation of fluids into sweat dependent on?The lung’s function of ensuring diffusion and depurative downbearing.8、What’s the function of protective qi?Protecting the body surface and warding off external pathogens9、When can an emotion generate illness?When an emotion is either excessive or insufficient over a long period of time,or when it arises very suddenly with great force,that it can generate imbalance and illness.10、Please list three symptoms in the case that an emotion disturbs the function of the heart.Dizziness:a feeling that you are about to fall,lack of blood in the headPalpitation:a rapid and irregular heart beatInsomnia:not being able to fall asleepFlowery vision:not being able to see clearly11、What’s the physiological characteristic of the liver in terms of the five phase theory?The liver likes orderly smoothness and governs uprising and motion and has the dredging function.12、What are the related procedures that fall into the range of acupuncture treatments?Electro-acupuncture,moxibustion,cupping and acupuncture pressure13、Please list at least three diseases that can be treated successfully by acupuncture or its related treatments.Lower backache,cervical spondylosis,condylitis,arthritic conditions,headaches or all kinds(migraine),allergic reactions,etc.14、A foreign student is learning Chinese medicine.One day,he followed Dr.Wang in the clinic and a patient came in.The patient had a horrible cough and wanted to take some herbal medicine to take care of it.Dr.Wang looked at her tongue,took her pulse and wrote out a formula for her. The thing is,he put in a whole bunch of Chai Hu that were for Liver,which cause the student to wonder:Why use Liver herbs like Chai Hu for a Lung problem?Please use the knowledge you have learned in the book to explain the problem to the foreign student.It’s actually not that unusual in Chinese medicine to see a problem manifest in one place, but think that its origin is somewhere else.In this case,the lungs were where the problem manifested,but they were really just the weak link in the chain.From what you describe,Dr. Wang obviously thought that the cough was a Liver cough.In Chinese medicine we say “Wood fire is punishing Metal”.15、Mark:“I am reading a book on Chinese medicine and am having a problem understanding how Yin-Yang works.How Yin can change into Yang and Yang can change into Yin.I mean,surely once you say a thing is Yin or Yang it must be fixed?What About the fact that men are Yang and women are Yin.Everybody says it and everybody accepts it as true.You can’t just go around changing your gender at the drop of a hat,so their Yin-Yang designations must be fixed.”Please use the knowledge you have learned from the book to answer Mark’s question.Not really.Everything is relative and whether something is considered Yin or Yang depends on the angle you are looking at it from.From the point of view of the whole human race,men are Yang and women Yin.However,within the group of men there will be some that could be categorized as Yin,while others would be more Yang.The trick with using Yin-Yang theory is to see what you are looking at as a complete whole and then divide it into Yin and Yang aspects.医学英语实用翻译教程Chapter3I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese1.Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.译文：阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。
2.There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.译文：将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。