英语语法大全 (1)
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英语语法大全:动词的种类
英语的动词基本上可以有下列三种分类法。
注:1.不及物动词亦译为“自动词”,及物动词则译为“他动词”。
B.依据功能的分类
在句子中动词本身即有谓语动词之表达功能者称为实义动词。通常所称之动词即为实义动词,例如:Peter is my classmate.
(彼得是我的同班同学。)
He does things very carefully.
(他做事情很小心。)
He studies very hard every day.
(每天他都很用功读书。)
在句子中本身没有独立的谓语动词表达功能,而只用于帮助实义动词来表达时态、语态、语法及其他功能者称为助动词。例如:
Mary is writing her name on the blackboard.
(玛丽正把她的名字写在黑板上。)
Does she speak English very well?
(她英语讲得很好吗?)
She can sing English songs.
(她会唱英语歌。)
C.依据词形变化的分类
动词的词形变化有固定的规则者称为规则动词,反之没有固定的规则者称为不规则动词
英语基本语法:陈述句和疑问句
(1)陈述句(Declarative Sentence)
定义就事物依照其实在情形陈述的句子叫做陈述句。
本节A单元所讨论的肯定句和否定句皆为陈述句。陈述句的句末必须使用句号(Full Stop)“.”,以示句子的陈述结束。
(2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)
定义表达疑问(亦即发问)或请求的句子叫做疑问句。
例:Is he a friend of your brother's?
(他是你哥哥的朋友吗?——发问)
例:Can you do this for me?
(你能替我做这件事吗?——请求)
疑问句的句末必须使用问号(Question mark)“?”来标示问句的结束。
疑问句可再分为一般疑问(General question)和特殊疑问(Special question)两种。(Yes-no questions)
(a)一般疑问:用be或助动词置于句首,并以“Yes,…”,或“No,…”回答的问句称为一般疑问(也称Yes-no questions)。
①be 或have(有)置于句首来表达疑问:
例:Am I wrong again?
(我又错了?)
Yes, you are (wrong again).
(是的,你又错了。)
No, you aren't.
(不,你没错。)
例:Is it your bicycle?
(这辆自行车是你的吗?)
Yes, it is.
(是的,是我的。)
No, it isn't.
(不,那不是我的。)
例:Were there many people at her birthday party? (她的生日宴会来了很多人吗?)
Yes, there were.
(是的,来了很多人。)
No, there weren't.
(没有,没有很多人。)
例:Have you money with you?
(=Do you have money with you?——美语)(你身上带钱了吗?)
Yes, I have.(Yes, I do.——美语)
(有,我带钱了。)
No, I have no money with me.
(No, I don't.——美语)
(没有,我没带钱。)
②助动词置于句首来表达疑问:
例:Shall I call a taxi for you ?
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
Yes, please. Thank you.
(好的,谢谢你。)
(No, thank you.)
(不必了,谢谢你。)
例:Will you do that for her?
(你愿意替她做那件事吗?)
Yes, I will.(是的,我愿意。)
No, I won't.(不,我不愿意。)
例:Can she drive?
(她会开车吗?)
Yes, she can.(是的,她会。)
No, she can't.(不,她不会。)
③一般动词则使用“do”来表达疑问:例:Do you speak Japanese?
(你会说日语吗?)
Yes, I do.(是的,我会说。)
No, I don't.(不,我不会说。)
例:Does she swim very well.
(她游泳游得好吗?)
Yes, she does. She is a good swimmer. (是的,她游得好。她是游泳高手。)No, she doesn't. She doesn't swim at all. (不,她不会。她根本不会游泳。)例:Did you tell her the truth?
(你向她说了实话吗?)
Yes, I did.(是的,我说了。)
No, I didn't.(不,我没说。)
例:Don't you like to have a cup of coffee?
(你不喜欢喝一杯咖啡吗?)
Yes, I do.(要,我要一杯。)
No, I don't. Thank you.
(不,我不要。谢谢你。)
注:依循否定疑问要表达否定答案时,中文的习惯是“是的,……不……(或没有……)”,但是英语应为“No,…not.”,不可如中文说成“Yes,…not.”。
(b)特殊疑问(Wh-questions):使用疑问词(what,who,which,how,why,when,where,etc.)发问,不能用“Yes,…”或“No,…”回答的问句叫做特殊疑问句(也称Wh-questions)。
例:What is that in your hand?
(你手里拿的是什么?)
It's a brooch, a present from my elder brother.
(是胸针,是我哥哥送我的礼物。)
例:Who is the young lady sitting beside your mother?
(坐在你母亲旁边的那位年轻女士是谁?)
She is my aunt on my mother's side.
(她是我的姨妈。)
例:Which do you like to have, tea or coffee.
(你要哪一种,茶还是咖啡?)
Coffee, please.
(请给我咖啡。)
例:How often do you have you English class in a week?