九年级英语unit1 Grammar Focus

4）被，由 some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由鲁迅写的文章 5）表示相（乘）除（以计算面积） a room 5m by 4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 6）逐一；连续 one by one 一个接一个
英汉互译 I study English by listening to tapes. (通过听录 音带) by studying with a group. ( 通过小组学习 ) by watching English programs on TV. ( 通过看英文电视节目 ) by taking part in English classes after school. ( 通过放学后上英语班 )
I study English by reading English magazines 通过读英文 ___________________________( 杂志). by reading the textbook ___________________________( 通过读教科 书). by doing homework carefully 通过认真做 ___________________________( 家庭作业).
by 的用法
介词, 表示“通过……方法或途径的意
思”, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词、
名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导
的特殊疑问句。
1) The house was destroyed by fire.
房屋被火烧毁了。
2) travel by air / land / sea
航空（陆路，航海）旅行
1. 我们通过利用太阳的光和热使植物长 地好。 We can make plants grow well by using the light and heat from the sun.
2. 现在人们利用手机来进行交流。
Now people communicate with each other by using cell phones.
Section A
Grammar Focus
Translate the phrases.
the secret to language learning 语言学习的秘诀 most of the time 大部分时间, 时常 be afraid to do sth. 害怕 / 不敢做某事 hide behind 藏在…背后 fall in love with 爱上 ... body language 肢体语言；身体语言 expressions on one’s face 某人的脸部表情
“by + 动名词”常常表示手段、方式或方 法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 --- How do you learn English?
--- I learn English by watching English
movies.
How do you practice speaking?
By having conversations with friends.
Do you learn English by watching videos?
Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it.
You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day.
3) go by train / boat / bus
乘火车（船，公共汽车）
4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手
5) I study English by watching English movies.
我通过看英文电影学英语。
另外, by作为介词的意义有很多, 例如: 1）在……旁边，靠近 There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。 2）沿着，经由 to enter by the door 由门进去 3）由于 by mistake 由于差错；错误地
as well It’s a piece of cake. It serves you right. at first look up
也；又 毫不费力; 小菜一碟 你活该。 最初； 首先 查阅；抬头看
Read these sentences paying attention to the underlined parts. I study by working with a group.
How do you learn new words?
By making word cards.
How do you improve your writing?
By writing e-mails to my pen pals.
How do you practice listening?
By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.
By exercising. How often do you exercise?
Lin Lin often practices English _______ chatting with her American friends. A. in B. by C. for D. with 【解析】选 B 。句意：林林经常通过和美国 朋友聊天练习英语。
3. Lily通过少吃减肥吗？不，不是的。 Does Lucy lose weight by eating less? No, she doesn't. 4. 中国人通过植树来使环境越来越美丽。 Chinese people make the environment more and more beautiful by planting trees.
用by的相关短语完成句子
1. I think the best way to learn English is by reading aloud (通过大声朗读). ___________________ by subway (乘地铁). 2. He usually goes to work __________ by the bank (经过银行旁边 ), 3. First walk _____________ and then turn left.
4. Can we sit ______________ by the window (在窗子旁边)? 5. You must be back home by ____________ ten o’clock (到十 点为止). the river (沿河). 6. There are lots of trees by __________ by yourself 7. You must do your homework __________ （你自己). by people (被人们) 8. English is widely used __________ all over the world.
By writing diaries in English. How often do you write a diary?
How do you improve your listening?
By listening to VOA. How often do you listen to VOA?
How do you keep healthy?
How do you improve your pronunciation?
By watching English programs.
How do you learn grammar?
By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.
How do you improve your writow do you study for a test? -- _____ working with friends. A. By B. With C. On 答案： A 【解析】本题考查介词by的用法。by意为“通 过……方式”；with意为“和……在一起”； on意为“朝,向”.句意“你是怎么为考试作准 备吗？”“通过和朋友一起学习。”只有by具 有“通过……方式”的意思，故选A。
我通过向老师求助学习。 I study by asking the teacher for help. making (make) We learn English by _________ vocabulary lists．
Translate the sentences into English.