英语语言学 语域定义 中英文
(完整word版)语言学术语翻译及术语解释
术语翻译及术语解释汇总术语翻译1. Design features of Ianguage （语言的甄别特征）Arbitrariness （任意性），Duality （二层性 /二重性），Creativity （创造性 /原创性）， Displacement （移位性）,Cultural transmission （文化传播），Interchangeability （可 互换性）2. Functions of language referential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功能 conative 劝慰功能 phatic 寒暄功能ideational function 概念功能 textualfunction 语篇 /文本功能 Performative Function （施为功能）， Phatic communion （寒暄交谈）， 3. Phonetics 语音学）， Morphology （形态学） ，Semantics （语义学）， Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 Sociolinguistics 社会语言学 Computationallinguistics 计算语言学 Neurolinguistics神经语言学emotive 情感功能 metalingualfunction 元语言功能 in terpers onal function 人际功能 Informative （信息 /告知功能）， Emotive Function （情感功能） ， Recreational Function （娱乐功能）， Pho no logy （音系/音位学）； Syntax （句法学）；Pragmatics （语用学）Acoustic pho netics 声学语音学 Psycholi nguistics 心理语言学 Anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 Applied linguistics 应用语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive 描写式和规定式Synchronic vs. diachr onic 共时和历时 Lan gue vs. parole 语言和言语Compete nee vs. performa nce§言能力和语言行为5. Vocal tract 声道 （res on at ing cavities 共鸣腔），phary nx 咽腔,oral cavity 口腔 and n asal cavity 鼻腔.其它的一些发音器官：lungs 肺,windpipe （trachea ）气管，vocal folds 声带, larynx 喉,epiglottis 会厌，次声门,pharynx 咽,uvula 小舌,hard palate 硬腭, soft palate 软腭,alveolar ridge 齿龈 6. Consonants and vowels （辅音和元音）A. Manners of articulation 发音方式B. Places of articulation 发音位置7. Stop （or plosive ）爆破音 Fricative 摩擦音 Approximant 近似音Lateral （approximant ）边音 Affricates 塞擦音,trill 颤音 and tap 闪音 Bilabial 双唇音 Labiodental 唇齿音 Dental 齿音 Postal veolar 后齿龈音 Retroflex 卷舌音 Velar 软腭音 Uvular 小舌音, pharyngeal 咽音monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs 双元音 Laxvowels 短元音 Tensed vowels 长元音8. Coarticulation and phonetic transcription 协同发音和标音anticipatory coarticulation 先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation 后滞协同发音. broad tran scriptio n 宽式标音 narrow tran scripti on 严式标音9. minimal pairs 最小对立体 Phoneme 音位phon emic tran scripti ons 音位转写phon etic tran scripti ons 语音转写 phones 音子 alloph ones 音位变体 compleme ntary distributi on 互补分布Alveolar 齿龈音Palatal 硬腭音glottal 声门音triphthongs 三元音phonetic similarity 发音近似性 Free variation 自 由变体assimilation 同化 regressive assimilation 逆同化progressive assimilatio n 顺同化 phono logical rule 音系规则 Epen thesis 增音binary 二分的Distinctive features 区别特征Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions 向心结构和离心结构subord in ate and coord in ate 从 属和并歹 U The refere ntial theory 指 称理论 Sema ntic tria ngle 语义三角Sense and referenee 涵义和指称Synonymy 同义关系 Antonymy 反义关系 Hyponymy 上下义关系Polysemy 一词多义关系 Homonymy 同音/形异意关系Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词 Stylistic synonyms 风格同义词 Collocati onal synonyms 搭配同义词gradable antonymy 等级反义关系 cover term 覆盖项Marked vs. unm arked terms 标记项和非标记项compleme ntary antonymy 互补反义关系 con verse antonymy 逆向反义关系homoph on es:同音异义词 homographs :同形异义词 complete homonyms sema ntic comp onents 语义部分术语解释1. Design feature 的定义：the defining （最典型的，起决定作用的） properties ofhuma n Ian guage that disti nguish it from any ani mal system of com muni cati on.2. Synchronic 共时：It refers to the description of a Ianguage at some point of time in history.3. Diachronic 历时：It studies the development or history of Ianguage. In other words, it refers tothe description of a Ianguage as it changes through time .4. prescriptive 规定式：A kind of linguistic s tudy aims to lay down rules for“ correctand standard ” behavior in using Ianguage 5. descriptive 描写式:A kind of linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the Ian guagepeople actually use6. Arbitrariness （任意性）：By saying that “Ianguages arbitrary we,mean that there is no logicalconnection betwee n meaning and sound.7. Duality （二层性 /二重性）：it means that Ianguage is a system, which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.8. Displaceme nt （移位性）：it mean s that Ian guage can be used to com muni cate about thingsCon ceptual meaning^既念意义 Associative mea ning:联想意义 Conno tative mea ning 内涵意义 Affective meaning 情感意义 Collocative meaning 搭配意义 deno tati on:夕卜延意义Social meaning 社会意义 Reflected meaning 反射意义 Thematic meaning 主位意义 conno tati on:内涵that are not prese nt in our immediate com muni catio nal con text.9. compete nee 语言能力:it refers to an ideal speaker ' s kno wledge of the un derly ingsystem of rules in a Ian guage.10. Performance 语言行为: it refers to the actual use of the language by a speaker in a realcommunicational context.11. Langue 语言: it refers to the speaker 'usnderstanding and knowledge of the language that hespeaks.12. Parole 言语: it is the actual speaking of language by an individual speaker.13. Cultural transmission （文化传播）:It refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic systemmust be learned ane（w 重新，再）by each speaker. Language is not transmitted biologically from generation to generation.14. Phatic communion （寒暄交谈）：it refers to ritual exchanges, exchanges that have littlemeaning but help to maintain our relationships with other people.15. Pho netics（语音学）:it is the study of the characteristics of speech soundsand providesmethods for their description, classification and transcription.16. Vowels 元音：the sounds in the production of which no articulators come very close togetherand the air-stream passes through the vocal tract without obstruction.17. Consonants 辅音：The sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of theair-stream at some point of the vocal trac.t18. Phonology: it is the study of the sound systems of languages and it is concerned with thelinguistic patterning of sounds in human languages. And it studies the way in which speakers of a language systematically use a selection of these sounds in order to express meaning.19. Phoneme音位:the smallest unit of sound in a Ianguage which can distinguish two words.20. Allophone 音位变体: it refers to the different forms of a phoneme.21. Assimilation: it is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of aneighboring sound.22. Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulationsare involved.23. complementary distribution 互补分布: when two sounds never occur in the same environment,they are in complementary distribution.24. Free variation 自由变体: if two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast,that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merelya different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in free variation.25. Distinctive features 区别特征：A phonetic feature which distinguishes one phonological unit,especially one phoneme, from another.26. minimal pairs 最小对立体 --- which can be defined as pairs of words whichdiffer from each other by only one sound.27. vowel glides 滑音: The vowels involving movement from one sound to another are calledvowel glides.28. Epenthesis增音：it means a process of inserting a sound after another sound.29. Substitution relation: it refers to the relation specifically between an individual unit and othersthat can replace it in a given sequence.30. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approachingequivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole.31. Exocentric construction: a group of syntactically related words where none of them isfunctionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable center or head inside the group32. Reference: it is the relationship between words and the objects, actions or properties that thewords stand for. It deals with the extra-linguistic relationships betwee n words and expressi ons and the world they describe 具体的物质性的东西）33. Synonymy ：It refers to the sameness sense relations between words.34. Componential analysis ：Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element interms of semantic components 语义部分.35. Sense:it refers to the complex system of relationships that hold between linguistic elementsthemselves, it is concerned only with intra-linguistic relations.（概念性的东西）36. Semantics：semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences inparticular.37. Homonymy: the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e.,different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.38. Antonymy ：It refers to the oppositeness sense relations between words.39. Hyponymy 上下义关系：Hyponymy indicates sense inclusiveness. The upper term in thissenserelation is called superordinate 上义词, and the lower terms, hyponyms 下义词, members of the same class are callecdo-hyponyms.。
中英文对照英语语言学重要概念解析英语专业学生教师资格证考生
第一节语言的本质一、语言的普遍特征（Design Features）任意性Arbitratriness：shu 和Tree都能表示“树”这一概念；同样的声音，各国不同的表达方式双层结构Duality：语言由声音结构和意义结构组成（the structure of sounds and meaning）多产性productive: 语言可以理解并创造无限数量的新句子，是由双层结构造成的结果（Understand and create unlimited number with sentences）移位性Displacemennt：可以表达许多不在场的东西，如过去的经历、将来可能发生的事情，或者表达根本不存在的东西等文化传播性Cultural Transmission：语言需要后天在特定文化环境中掌握二、语言的功能（Functions of Language）1. 传达信息功能Informative：最主要功能The main function2. 人际功能Interpersonal：人类在社会中建立并维持各自地位的功能establish and maintain their identity3. 行事功能performative：现实应用——判刑、咒语、为船命名等Judge，naming，and curses4. 表情功能Emotive：表达强烈情感的语言，如感叹词/句exclamatory expressions5. 寒暄功能Phatic：应酬话phatic language，比如“吃了没？”“天儿真好啊！”等等6. 元语言功能Metalingual：用语言来谈论、改变语言本身，如book可以指现实中的书也可以用“book这个词来表达作为语言单位的“书”三、语言学的分支1. 核心语言学Core linguisticl 语音学Phonetics ：关注语音的产生、传播和接受过程，着重考察人类语言中的单音。
语言学术语中英对照
语言学术语中英对照writing system书写系统 word order 词序 word segmentation分词 word set 词集word segmentation unit 分词单位/切词单位word segmentation standard for Chinese 中文分词规范voice recognition 声音辨识/语音识别 vowel 元音 vowel harmony 元音和谐verb 动词verb phrase 动词组/动词短语 verb recitative compound 动补复合词verbal association 词语联想 oracle bone inscriptions甲骨文verbal phrase 动词组verbal production 言语生成vernacular 本地话V-O construction (verb-object) 动宾结构accent 口音/{Phonetics}重音Universal Grammar 普遍性语法transformation 变形[转换]Transformational Grammar 变形语法/转换语法nested structure 崁套结构text understanding 文本理解abbreviation 缩写/省略语text analyzing 文本分析 text coherence 文本一致性synonym同义词syntactic category 句法类别syntactic constituent 句法成分syntactic rule 语法规律/句法规则 structural transfer 结构转换structuralism 结构主义 stem 词干 stop 爆破音social context 社会环境 simple word 单纯词situation 情境sememe 义素 phoneme 音素 punctuation 标点符号part of speech (POS) 词类 particle 语助词 phrase 词组/短语phonemic stratum 音素层 rhetorical structure 修辞结构 rhetoric 修辞学proper name 专有名词polysemy 多义性 postposition 方位词negative sentence 否定句 multilingual translation 多语翻译Morphology 构词学 Montague Grammar 蒙泰究语法/蒙塔格语法mood 语气morpheme 词素 morphological affix 构词词缀modal 情态词 modal auxiliary 情态助动词 modal logic 情态逻辑modifier 修饰语 metaphor 隐喻M-D (modifier-head) construction 偏正结构locution 惯用语 linguistic unit 语言单位 loan 外来语lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical category 词类LAD (language acquisition device) 语言习得装置 language acquisition 语言习得intonation 语调interlingua 中介语言interlingual 中介语(的）innateness position 语法天生假说 inflection/inflexion 屈折变化inflectional affix 屈折词缀 indirect object 间接宾语immediate constituent 直接成份 imperative 祈使句 homograph 同形异义词homonym 同音异义词homophone 同音词 homophony 同音异义free morpheme 自由语素 duration 音长{语音学}/时段{语法学/语义学} disambiguation 消除歧义/歧义消除discourse 篇章 complement 补语checked 受阻的antonym 反义词apposition 同位语 ambiguity 歧义ambiguity resolution 歧义消解 affirmative 肯定（的；式）对外汉语术语中英对照音节syllable 字母alphabet 语言中的歧异现象ambiguity 发音pronunciation 广东话Cantonese 辅音consonant 声调tone 韵律rhyme声调语言tone language 押韵（v）rhyme 节奏rhythm 语调intonation语音speech of sound 词汇lexicon 语法grammar 语素morpheme构词法word-building/-formation 形态变化morphological change 音位phoneme声带vocal cords 发音器官organs of speech 呼吸器官respiratory organs音标phonetic alphabet 汉语拼音Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 属性attribute 发音articulation 甲骨文oracle bone inscriptions 笔画stroke 名词noun部首character component 表意文字ideograph 象形文字pictograph实词notional word 动词verb 形容词adjective 副词adverb代词pronoun 虚词function word 连词conjunction 语气词mood word 介词preposition 叹词interjection 助词auxiliary word 情态动词modal verb 主语subject 宾语object 定语attribute 补语complement谓语predicate 表语predicative 状语adverbial 修饰语modifier同义词synonym 反义词antonym 词组word group 时态tense专有名词proper noun 专业术语register 语境context 词尾ending后缀suffix 前缀infix 本义original meaning 基本义basic meaning引申义extended meaning 成语set phrase / idiom 方言dialect句法学Synt。
语言学重要概念梳理（中英文对照）
语言学重要概念梳理（中英文对照）第一节语言的本质一、语言的普遍特征（Design Features）1.任意性 Arbitratriness：shu 和Tree都能表示“树”这一概念；同样的声音，各国不同的表达方式2.双层结构Duality：语言由声音结构和意义结构组成（thestructure of sounds and meaning）3.多产性productive: 语言可以理解并创造无限数量的新句子，是由双层结构造成的结果（Understand and create unlimited number with sentences）4.移位性 Displacemennt：可以表达许多不在场的东西，如过去的经历、将来可能发生的事情，或者表达根本不存在的东西等5.文化传播性 Cultural Transmission：语言需要后天在特定文化环境中掌握二、语言的功能（Functions of Language）1.传达信息功能 Informative：最主要功能The main function2.人际功能 Interpersonal：人类在社会中建立并维持各自地位的功能establish and maintain their identity3.行事功能 performative：现实应用——判刑、咒语、为船命名等Judge，naming，and curses4.表情功能 Emotive Function：表达强烈情感的语言，如感叹词/句exclamatory expressions5.寒暄功能 Phatic Communion：应酬话phatic language，比如“吃了没？”“天儿真好啊！”等等6.元语言功能 Metalingual Function：用语言来谈论、改变语言本身，如book可以指现实中的书也可以用“book这个词来表达作为语言单位的“书”三、语言学的分支1. 核心语言学 Core linguistic1)语音学Phonetics：关注语音的产生、传播和接受过程，着重考察人类语言中的单音。
语言学术语英汉对照对照
back vowel
后元音
back-formation
逆构词法
bilabial
双唇音
bilingualism
双语（现象）
blending
拼缀法
borrowing
借用
bound morpheme
黏着词素
broad transcription
宽式标音
case
格
case condition
英汉术语对照
acoustic phonetics
声学语音学
acronym
首字母缩略词
acronymization
首字母缩略法
adjacency condition
毗邻条件
adjacency parameter
毗邻参数
adj-movement
形容词移位
affective meaning
情感意义
affix
词缀
affixation
词缀法
Afro-asiatic Family
亚非语系，闪含语系
agglutinative language
粘着语
allomorph
语素变体
allophone
音位变体
ambiguity
歧义（多义性）
arbitrariness
任意性
articulatory phonetics
发音语音学
成事性言语行为
person
人称
person deictics
人称指示词
pharyngeal cavity
咽腔
phone
音素
phoneme
音素
phoneme
语言学重要概念梳理中英文对照版
第一节语言的本质一、语言的普遍特征〔Design Features〕1.任意性Arbitratriness：shu 和Tree都能表示“树〞这一概念；同样的声音，各国不同的表达方式2.双层构造Duality：语言由声音构造和意义构造组成〔the structure of soundsand meaning〕3.多产性productive: 语言可以理解并创造无限数量的新句子，是由双层构造造成的结果〔Understand and create unlimited number with sentences〕4.移位性Displacemennt：可以表达许多不在场的东西，如过去的经历、将来可能发生的事情，或者表达根本不存在的东西等5.文化传播性Cultural Transmission：语言需要后天在特定文化环境中掌握二、语言的功能〔Functions of Language〕1.传达信息功能Informative：最主要功能The main function2.人际功能Interpersonal：人类在社会中建立并维持各自地位的功能establish and maintain their identity3.行事功能performative：现实应用——判刑、咒语、为船命名等Judge，naming，and curses4.表情功能Emotive Function：表达强烈情感的语言，如感慨词/句exclamatory expressions5.应酬功能Phatic munion：应酬话phatic language，比方“吃了没？〞“天儿真好啊！〞等等6.元语言功能Metalingual Function：用语言来谈论、改变语言本身，如book可以指现实中的书也可以用“book这个词来表达作为语言单位的“书〞三、语言学的分支1. 核心语言学Core linguistic1)语音学Phonetics：关注语音的产生、传播和承受过程，着重考察人类语言中的单音。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版语言学术语（英-汉对照）表applied linguistics 应用语言学blending 混成法A applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语borrowing 借用借词abbreviation 缩写词，略语言学bound morpheme 粘着语素ablative 夺格，离格appropriacy 适宜性bounding theory 管辖论accent 重音（符）appropriateness 适宜性得体性bracketing 括号法accusative 宾格approximant 无摩擦延续音brevity maxim 简洁准则achievement test 成绩测试aptitude test 素质测试bridging 架接acoustic phonetics 声学语音学Arabic 阿拉伯语broad transcription 宽式音标acquisition 习得arbitrariness 任意性broadening 词义扩大acronym 缩略语argument 中项中词主目Brown corpus 布朗语料库action process 动作过程article 冠词 Cactor 动作者articulation 发音calculability 可计算性address form 称呼形式articulator 发音器官calque 仿造仿造词语addressee 受话人articulatory phonetics 发音语音学cancellability 可删除addresser 发话人artificial speech 人工言语cardinal numeral 基数adjective 形容词aspect 体cardinal vowel 基本元音adjunct 修饰成分附加语aspirated 吐气送气case 格adverb 副词assimilation 同化case grammar 格语法affix 词缀associative 联想case theory 格理论affixation 词缀附加法associative meaning 联想意义category 范畴affricate 塞擦音assonance 准压韵半谐音categorical component 范畴成分agreement 一致关系attributive 属性修饰语定语causative 使役的使投动词airstream 气流auditory phonetics 听觉语音学center 中心词alliteration 头韵authentic input 真实投入central determiner 中心限定词allomorph 词/ 语素变体authorial style 权威风格chain relation 链状关系allophone 音位变体authoring program 编程chain system 链状系统allophonic variation 音位变体autonomy 自主性choice 选择allophony 音位变体现象auxiliary 助词choice system 选择系统alveolar ridge 齿龈auxiliary verb 助动词circumstance 环境因子alveolar 齿龈音 B class 词类ambiguity 歧义babbling stage 婴儿语阶段class shift 词性变换analogical creation 类推造字back-formation 逆构词法clause 小句从句anapest 抑抑扬格base component 基础部分click 吸气音咂音anaphor 前指替代behavioural process 行为过程clipping 截断法anaphoric reference 前指照应behaviourism 行为主义closed class 封闭类animate 有生命的bilabial 双唇音closed syllable 闭音节annotation 注解bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音cluster 音丛antecedent 先行词前在词bilateral opposition 双边对立coarticulation 协同发音anthropological linguistics 人类语bilingualism 双语现象coda 结尾音节符尾学binary division 二分法code 语码信码anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同binary feature 二分特征cognitive psychology 认知心理学//X -^7- 发音binary taxonomy 二分分类学cognitive system 认知系统antonomasia 换称代类名binding 制约coherence 相关关联antonym 反义词binding theory 制约论cohension 衔接antonymy 反义（关系）blade 舌叶舌面前部co-hyponym 同下义词appellative 称谓性blank verse 无韵诗colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义 color word 色彩词 color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际 communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘 comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析 composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性 compound 复合词复合句 comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件 computer literacy 计算机操作能力 computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系) concordance 共现关系 concrete noun 具体名词 concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化 conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分 consonance 辅音韵 consonant 辅音 constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的 constituentcommand 成分指令 constituentproposition 成分命题 constituentstructure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分 construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建 constructivism构建主义 content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度 contentword 实义词 context dependent 语境依赖的 context of situation 情景语境 context 语境 contextualanalyses 语境分析 contextualmeaning 语境意义 contrastiveanalysis 对比分析 control theory控制理论 controlled language 有控制的语言 convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义 conventionality 常规性规约性 conversational implicature 会话含义 conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换 cooperativeprinciple, CP 合作原则 coordinateconstruction 并列结构 coordination 并列 coreferential 互参的 coronal舌面前音 corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文 countable 可数(名词) counterfactual proposition 反事实命题 couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性 Creole 克里澳尔语混和语 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际 cross- linguistic 跨语言的 culturally- specific 文化特异的 curriculum 教学大纲 customizing 定制的 D dactyl 扬抑抑格 Dani language 达尼语 data retrieval, DR 资料检索 database 数据库 dative (case) 与格 dative movement 与格移动 declarative 陈述句 decoding 解码 deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性 definite有定的 degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称 delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称 dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化 derivation 衍生 derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征 determiner限定词 developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体 deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化 diachronic linguistics 历时语言学 diachronic历时的 diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试 dialect方言 dialectology 方言学 digitized sound 数字化语音 dimetre 二音步诗行 diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语 direct speech, DS 直接言语 direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性 discourse 语篇话语 discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析 discourse interpretation 语篇理解 discrete分离的离散的 discrete-point grammar 离散语法 discrete point test 分立性测试 disjunction 分离关系 displacement 移位 dissimilation 异化（作用） distinctive feature区别性特征 distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域 dorsal 舌背音舌中音 dorsum 舌背（音） double comparative 双重比较 drill-and- practice software 操练软件 D- structure D 结构 dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点 duality 二重性 E early Modern English 早期现代英语 economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音 electronic mail 电子邮件 Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法） ellipticalsentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的 emotive 感情的 empirical 经验主义的 empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴 enablingskills 使成技能化 encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度 error analysis 错误分析 EST 科技英语 ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学 etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译 exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的 existent 存在物 existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的 exocentric construction 外向结构 experiential 经验的 experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的 extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsicsources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasold feasibility 可行性 feature特征 feedback 反馈 felicitycondition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性 fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分 finite 有定的有限的 finite state grammar有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学 flap闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性 floppydisk 软盘 focus 焦点中心 folketymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话 foreignlanguage teaching 外语教学 form形式 formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化 formation 形成 formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式 free indirectspeech, FIS 自由间接言语 freeindirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想 free morpheme 自由语素 free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体 free verse自由韵文 French 法语 frequency effect 频率效应 fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦 front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译 function word 功能词 function 功能 functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观 functions of language 语言功能 fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的 G gender difference 性别差异 general linguistics 普通语言学 generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格 genre 体裁语类 German 德语 given (information) 已给信息 global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音 goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配 grammatical analysis 语法分析 grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构 gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成 grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形 grammatical structure 语法结构 grammatical subject 语法主语 grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词 graphitic form 文字形式 Gricean maxim Grice 准则 group 词组 guttural 腭音H half-rhyme 半韵 hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分 headed construction 中心结构 heptameter 七音步诗行 hierarchical structure 等级结构 hierarchical system 等级系统 hierarchy 等级体系 high 高(元音) historical linguistics 历史语言学 holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音 / 形异议词Hopi Hopi 语 horizontal relation链状关系 Horn scale 霍恩阶 humancognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言 humanspeech 人类言语 human translation 人译 hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设 -演绎 I iamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法 ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功台匕能identifying 认同的 idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含 implication 蕴涵含义 implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想 Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive 不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化) inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功台匕能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设 input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功台匕能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分 intensive 强调的增强的 interactional(function) 交互功台匕能interdental 齿间音 interface 界面interference 干扰 interjection 感叹词 interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语 interlingualapproach 语际法 interlocutor 会话者 internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet,IPA 国际音标internet 互联网 interpersonal 人际的 interpersonal function 人际功台匕能interpretation 解释 interrogative sentence 疑问句 intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系 intransitive 不及物的 intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词 invention新创词语 inversion 倒置，倒装 IPA chart 国际音标图 IPS symbol 国际音标符号 irony 讽刺反话 isolated opposition 孤立对立 Italian 意大利语 JJapanese 日语 jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, Otto Johnson & Johnson JohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句 keyword 关键词 knowledge 知识 known information 已知信息 Krashen Kruszewski, Mikolaj Kuno, Susumo L label 标示标记 labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音 language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择 language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材 language learning 语言学习 language maintenance 语言维护 language processing 语言处理 language structure 语言结构 language system 语言系统 language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用 langue 语言(系统) larynx 喉头 lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法 lax vowel 松元音 length 长度音长 letter 字母 level 层，级，平面 Levinson, Stephen lexeme 词位词素 lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical change 词汇变化 lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义 lexical morphology 词汇形态学 lexical studies 词汇研究 lexical word 词汇词 lexicogrammar 词汇语法 lexicon 词汇词典 lexis 词 liaison 连音连续 limerick 打油诗 line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学 linear structure 线形结构 linguistic university 语言普遍性 linguistic behaviour 语言行为 linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学 lip rounding 圆唇化 literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网 locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学 logical structure 逻辑结构 logical subject 逻辑主语 logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派 long vowed 长元音 loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构 main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislaw man-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则 manner of articulation 发音方式 marked标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material （process）物质过程 mathematical principles 数学原理 maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势 meaning shift 转移 meaning 意义 mental （processs）思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义 message 信息metafunction 元功能 metalinguistic元语言的 metaphor 隐喻 metathesis换位（作用） metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律 metrical patterning 韵律格式 microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器 mid 中（元音） mind 思维 minimal attachmenttheory 最少接触理论 minimal pair最小对立体 minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式 mirror maxim 镜像准则 mistake错误 modal subject 语气主语 modalverb 情态动词 modality 情态 modernFrench 现代法语 modification 修饰modifier 修饰语 monomorphemic 单语素的 monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音 monosyllabic 单音节的 Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气 morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误 morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学 morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics morphophonology morpho-syntactical 变化motivation 动因动机 move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量 multilateral opposition 多边对立 multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象 N narratee 被叙述者 narrator 叙述者narrator 'respresentation ofspeech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达 narrator'respresentation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator 'repsresentation ofthought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达 narrator'repsresentation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达 narrow transcription 窄式音标 narrowing狭窄化 nasal 鼻音 nasal cavity 鼻腔 nasal sound 鼻音 nasal stop 鼻塞音 nasal tract 鼻道 nasality 鼻音性 nasalization 鼻音化 Nash, Walter native speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料 near- adult grammar 近成人语法 negation 否定否定结构 negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记 negative transfer 负转移 neogrammarian 新语法学家 network 网络 network computer 网络计算机 neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息 new stylistics 新文体学 node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化 nominative 主格 non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入 non-contrastive analysis非对比性分析 non-conventionality 非规约性 non-detachability 非可分离性 non-linear phonology 非线性音系学 non-linguistic entity 非语言实体 non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音 non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇 non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词 nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示 norm 规范 notation system 标写系统 notion 意念 notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语 noun 名词number system 数字系统 number 数字O object 宾语 object-deletion 宾语省略 objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性 obligatory 强制形态音位学形态音系学 change形态句法mother tongue 母语语本族。
语言学专有名词中英对照
模块中文英文语言学概述语言Langue[lɑːŋɡ]言语Parole[pəˈrəʊl]规定性Prescriptive[prɪˈskrɪptɪv]描述性Descriptive[dɪˈskrɪptɪv]共时性Synchronic[sɪŋˈkrɑːnɪk]历时性Diachronic[ˌdaɪəˈkrɑːnɪk]语言能力Competence[ˈkɑːmpɪtəns]语言表现Performance任意性Arbitrariness[ˈɑːrbɪtrerinəs]能产性Productivity[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]二重性Duality[djuːˈæləti]移位性Displacement[dɪsˈpleɪsmənt]文化传播性Cultural transmission[trænzˈmɪʃn]互换性Interchangeability[ˌɪntərˌtʃeɪndʒəˈbɪləti]信息功能Informative function[ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv]人际功能Interpersonal function[ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl]施为功能Performative function[pərˈfɔːrmətɪv]情感功能Emotive function[ɪˈmoʊtɪv]寒暄功能Phatic function[ˈfætɪk]娱乐功能Recreational function[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl]元语言功能Metalinguistic function[ˌmetəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk]语音学(Phonetics) [fəˈnetɪks]元音Vowel[ˈvaʊəl]辅音Consonant[ˈkɒnsənənt]发音方式Manner of Articulation爆破音Stops/Plosives摩擦音Fricative[ˈfrɪkətɪv]塞擦音Affricate[ˈæfrɪkət]鼻音Nasal[ˈneɪzl]流音Liquids['lɪkwɪdz]滑音Glides[ɡlaɪdz]发音部位Place of Articulation双唇音Bilabial[ˌbaɪˈleɪbiəl]唇齿音Labiodental[ˌleɪbiəʊˈdentl]齿音Dental[ˈdentl]齿龈音Alveolar[ælˈviːələ]硬颚音Palatal[ˈpælətl]软腭音Velar[ˈviːlə(r)]声门音Glottal[ˈɡlɒtl]声带Vocal[ˈvəʊkl]cord[kɔːd]带声性Voicing清辅音Voiceless浊辅音Voiced[vɔɪst]音系学(Phonology) [fəˈnɒlədʒi]音素Phone音位Phoneme[ˈfəʊniːm]音位变体Allophone[ˈæləfəʊn]互补分布Complementary[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri]distribution 最小对立体Minimal pairs音位对立Phonemic[fəʊˈniːmɪk]contrast形态学(Morphology) [mɔːˈfɒlədʒi]词素Morphemes[ˈmɔːfiːmz]自由词素Free Morphemes粘着词素Bound Morphemes词根Root词缀Affix[əˈfɪks,ˈæfɪks]前缀Prefix[ˈpriːfɪks]后缀Suffix[ˈsʌfɪks]词干Stem屈折词缀Inflectional[ɪnˈflɛkʃən(ə)l]Affix派生词缀Derivational[ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən(ə)l]Affix 复合法Compound派生法Derivation发明法Invention混成法Blending['blendɪŋ]首字母连写法Initialism[ɪnˈɪʃəlɪzəm]首字母缩略法Acronym[ˈækrənɪm]借词法Borrowing逆构词法Back-formation[fɔːˈmeɪʃn]语义学（Semantics）[sɪˈmæntɪks]同义关系Synonymy[sɪˈnɒnɪmi]方言同义词Dialectal[ˌdaɪ.əˈlek.təl]synonyms[ˈsɪnənɪmz]文体同义词Stylistic[staɪˈlɪstɪk]synonyms情感同义词Emotive synonyms搭配同义词Collocational[ˌkɒləʊˈkeɪʃən(ə)l]synonyms 语义同义词Semantic synonyms反义关系Antonymy[æn‘tɒnɪmɪ]等级反义关系Gradable[ˈɡreɪdəbl]antonymy互补反义关系Complementary antonymy反向反义关系Converse antonymy上下义关系Hyponymy[haɪ'pɒnɪmɪ]上义词Superordinate[ˌsuːpər'ɔːdɪnət]下义词Hyponyms['haɪpəʊnɪm]一词多义Polysemy[pəˈlɪsɪmi]同音/同形异义关系Homonymy[ho'mɑnəmi]同音异义词Homophone[ˈhɒməʊfəʊn]同形异义词Homographs完全同音异义词Complete Homonyms[ˈhɒm.ə.nɪm]蕴含entailment[ɪnˈteɪl.mənt]预设Presuppose[ˌpriːsəˈpəʊz]语用学(Pragmatics) [præɡˈmætɪks]言内行为Locutionary[ləu'kju:ʃənəri]act言外行为Illocutionary[ˌɪləˈkjuːʃəneri]act言后行为Perlocutionary[ˌpɜːrləˈkjuːʃəneri]act直接言语行为Direct speech act间接言语行为Indirect speech act合作原则Cooperative principle数量准则Quantity maxim[ˈmæksɪm]质量准则Quality maxim关系准则Relation maxim方式准则Manner maxim会话含义Conversational implicature[ˈɪmplɪkətʃər]修辞学（Rhetoric）[ˈretərɪk]头韵Alliteration[əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃn]押尾韵End rhyme反韵Reverse rhyme准押韵（类韵）Assonance[ˈæsənəns]拟声Onomatopoeia[ˌɑːnəˌmætəˈpiːə]斯普纳现象Spoonerism[ˈspuːnərɪzəm]明喻Simile暗喻Metaphor转喻（借代）Metonymy[məˈtɑːnəmi]提喻Synecdoche[sɪˈnekdəki]隐喻（典故）Allusion[əˈluːʒn]拟人Personification[pərˌsɑːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]夸张Hyperbole[haɪˈpɜːrbəli]矛盾Oxymoron[ˌɑːksɪˈmɔːrɑːn]委婉语Euphemism[ˈjuːfəmɪzəm]反语Irony[ˈaɪrəni]双关Pun移就Transferred epithet[ˈepɪθet]。
(完整word版)语言学 术语翻译及术语解释
术语翻译及术语解释汇总术语翻译1.Design features of language（语言的甄别特征）Arbitrariness（任意性），Duality（二层性/二重性），Creativity（创造性/原创性），Displacement（移位性），Cultural transmission（文化传播），Interchangeability（可互换性）2. Functions of languagereferential 指称功能poetic 诗学功能emotive情感功能conative 劝慰功能phatic寒暄功能metalingual function 元语言功能ideational function概念功能interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇/文本功能Informative（信息/告知功能），Performative Function（施为功能），Emotive Function（情感功能），Phatic communion（寒暄交谈），Recreational Function（娱乐功能），3. Phonetics(语音学)，Phonology（音系/音位学）; Morphology（形态学），Syntax（句法学）;Semantics（语义学），Pragmatics（语用学）Articulatory phonetics发音语音学Acoustic phonetics声学语音学Auditory phonetics听觉语音学Psycholinguistics心理语言学Sociolinguistics社会语言学Anthropological linguistics人类语言学Computational linguistics计算语言学Applied linguistics应用语言学Neurolinguistics神经语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive描写式和规定式Synchronic vs. diachronic共时和历时Langue vs. parole语言和言语Competence vs. performance语言能力和语言行为5. V ocal tract 声道(resonating cavities共鸣腔)，pharynx咽腔, oral cavity口腔and nasal cavity鼻腔.其它的一些发音器官：lungs肺, windpipe（trachea）气管, vocal folds声带, larynx喉, epiglottis会厌，次声门, pharynx咽, uvula小舌, hard palate硬腭,soft palate软腭, alveolar ridge齿龈6.Consonants and vowels（辅音和元音）A. Manners of articulation发音方式B. Places of articulation发音位置7. Stop (or plosive)爆破音Fricative摩擦音Approximant近似音Lateral (approximant)边音Affricates塞擦音, trill颤音and tap 闪音Bilabial双唇音Labiodental唇齿音Dental齿音Alveolar齿龈音Postal veolar后齿龈音Retroflex卷舌音Palatal硬腭音Velar软腭音Uvular小舌音, pharyngeal咽音glottal声门音monophthong vowel: 单元音diphthongs双元音triphthongs三元音Lax vowels短元音Tensed vowels长元音8.Coarticulation and phonetic transcription协同发音和标音anticipatory coarticulation先期协同发音perseverative coarticulation后滞协同发音. broad transcription宽式标音narrow transcription严式标音9. minimal pairs最小对立体Phoneme音位phonemic transcriptions音位转写phonetic transcriptions语音转写phones音子allophones音位变体complementary distribution互补分布phonetic similarity发音近似性Free variation自由变体assimilation同化regressive assimilation逆同化progressive assimilation顺同化phonological rule 音系规则Epenthesis增音binary 二分的Distinctive features区别特征Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions向心结构和离心结构subordinate and coordinate从属和并列Conceptual meaning概念意义Associative meaning:联想意义Connotative meaning内涵意义Social meaning社会意义Affective meaning情感意义Reflected meaning反射意义Collocative meaning搭配意义Thematic meaning主位意义denotation: 外延意义connotation: 内涵The referential theory:指称理论Semantic triangle语义三角Sense and reference：涵义和指称Synonymy同义关系Antonymy反义关系Hyponymy上下义关系Polysemy一词多义关系Homonymy 同音/形异意关系Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词Stylistic synonyms风格同义词Collocational synonyms搭配同义词gradable antonymy 等级反义关系cover term覆盖项Marked vs. unmarked terms标记项和非标记项complementary antonymy 互补反义关系converse antonymy 逆向反义关系homophones: 同音异义词homographs : 同形异义词complete homonyms semantic components语义部分术语解释1.Design feature的定义：the defining（最典型的，起决定作用的）properties ofhuman language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. 2.Synchronic共时：It refers to the description of a language at some point of timein history.3.Diachronic历时：It studies the development or history of language. In otherwords, it refers to the description of a language as it changes through time .4.prescriptive规定式：A kind of linguistic s tudy aims to lay down rules for “correctand standard” behavior in using language.5.descriptive描写式: A kind of linguistic study aims to describe and analyze thelanguage people actually use.6.Arbitrariness（任意性）:By saying that “language is arbitrary”, we mean thatthere is no logical connection between meaning and sound.7.Duality（二层性/二重性）:it means that language is a system, which consists oftwo levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.8.Displacement（移位性）: it means that language can be used to communicateabout things that are not present in our immediate communicational context.petence语言能力:it refers to an ideal speaker’s knowledge of the underlyingsystem of rules in a language.10.Performance语言行为: it refers to the actual use of the language by a speaker ina real communicational context.ngue语言: it refers to the speaker’s understanding and knowledge of thelanguage that he speaks.12.Parole言语: it is the actual speaking of language by an individual speaker.13.Cultural transmission（文化传播）:It refers to the fact that the details of thelinguistic system must be learned anew（重新，再）by each speaker. Language is not transmitted biologically from generation to generation.14.Phatic communion（寒暄交谈）:it refers to ritual exchanges, exchanges that havelittle meaning but help to maintain our relationships with other people.15.Phonetics(语音学): it is the study of the characteristics of speech sounds andprovides methods for their description, classification and transcription.16.V owels元音：the sounds in the production of which no articulators come veryclose together and the air-stream passes through the vocal tract without obstruction.17.Consonants辅音：The sounds in the production of which there is an obstructionof the air-stream at some point of the vocal tract.18.Phonology: it is the study of the sound systems of languages and it is concernedwith the linguistic patterning of sounds in human languages. And it studies the way in which speakers of a language systematically use a selection of these sounds in order to express meaning.19.Phoneme音位: the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish twowords.20.Allophone音位变体: it refers to the different forms of a phoneme.21.Assimilation: it is a process by which one sound takes on some or all thecharacteristics of a neighboring sound.22.Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlappingarticulations are involved.plementary distribution互补分布:when two sounds never occur in thesame environment, they are in complementary distribution.24.Free variation自由变体: if two sounds occurring in the same environment do notcontrast, that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in free variation.25.Distinctive features区别特征：A phonetic feature which distinguishes onephonological unit, especially one phoneme, from another.26.minimal pairs最小对立体----- which can be defined as pairs of words whichdiffer from each other by only one sound.27.vowel glides滑音: The vowels involving movement from one sound to anotherare called vowel glides.28.Epenthesis增音：it means a process of inserting a sound after another sound.29.Substitution relation: it refers to the relation specifically between an individualunit and others that can replace it in a given sequence.30.Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, orapproaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole.31.Exocentric construction: a group of syntactically related words where none ofthem is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable center or head inside the group32.Reference: it is the relationship between words and the objects, actions orproperties that the words stand for. It deals with the extra-linguistic relationships between words and expressions and the world they describe.(具体的物质性的东西)33.Synonymy ：It refers to the sameness sense relations between words.ponential analysis ：Componential analysis defines the meaning of alexical element in terms of semantic components语义部分.35.Sense: it refers to the complex system of relationships that hold between linguisticelements themselves, it is concerned only with intra-linguistic relations.（概念性的东西）36.Semantics：semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words andsentences in particular.37.Homonymy: the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.38.Antonymy：It refers to the oppositeness sense relations between words.39.Hyponymy上下义关系：Hyponymy indicates sense inclusiveness. The upperterm in this sense relation is called superordinate上义词,and the lower terms, hyponyms下义词, members of the same class are called co-hyponyms.。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库abbreviation缩写词，略语aptitudetest素质测试Cablative夺格，离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论actor动作者aspect体category范畴addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词addresser发话人associative联想center中心词adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统发音blankverse无韵诗command指令antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词antonymy反义(关系)boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接性动力appropriacy适宜性broadtranscription宽式音标communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法consequent跟随成分cross-linguistic跨语言的communicativeSentencePattern,CSPconsonance辅音韵culturally-specific文化特异的交际性句子模式consonant辅音curriculum教学大纲communicativesyllabus交际教学大constantopposition不变对立customizing定制的纲constative表述的Dcommunicativetest交际性测试constituentcommand成分指令dactyl扬抑抑格communicative-grammaticalapproachconstituentproposition成分命题Danilanguage达尼语交际-语法教学法constituentstructureanalysis成分结dataretrieval,DR资料检索compactdisk激光盘database数据库构分析comparativedegree比较级constituent成分dative(case)与格competence能力construct编制dativemovement与格移动complement补语constructvalidity编制效度declarative陈述句complementaryantonym互补反义词construction构建decoding解码complementaryantonymy互补反义constructivism构建主义deductive演绎的关系contentanalysis内容分析deepstructure深层结构complementarydistribution互补分contentvalidity内容效度defeasibility消除可行性布contentword实义词definite有定的complexpredicate复合谓语contextdependent语境依赖的degeneratedata无用的语料component成分contextofsituation情景语境deixis指称componentialanalysis成分分析context语境delicacy精密阶compositeproposition复合命题contextualanalyses语境分析denotation外延指称compositionality复合性contextualmeaning语境意义dental齿音compound复合词复合句contrastiveanalysis对比分析dentalization齿音化comprehension理解controltheory控制理论derivation衍生computation计算controlledlanguage有控制的语言derivationalaffix衍生词汇computationallinguistics计算语言学convention常规规约derivationalmorphology派生形态学computationalsystem计算系统conventionalmeaning常规意义规约descriptiveadequacy描写充分性computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算descriptivelinguistics描写语言学意义机辅助学习conventionality常规性规约性designfeature结构特征computercorpus计算机语料库conversationalimplicature会话含义determiner限定词computerhardware计算机硬件conversationalmaxim会话准则developinggrammar发展语法computerliteracy计算机操作能力converseantonymy相反反义现象deviant变体computernetworks计算机网络conversion变换deviation偏离变异computersystem计算机系统cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则devoicing清音化computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计coordinateconstruction并列结构diachroniclinguistics历时语言学算机辅助教学coordination并列diachronic历时的computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算coreferential互参的diacritic附加符号变音符机辅助语言学习coronal舌面前音diagnostictest诊断性测试conative意动的corpusdata语料库语料dialect方言concept概念corpus(plcorpora)语料素材dialectology方言学conceptualmeaning概念意义corpuslinguistics语料库语言学digitizedsound数字化语音concord一致（关系）context上下文dimetre二音步诗行concordance共现关系countable可数（名词）diphthong二合元音双元音concretenoun具体名词counterfactualproposition反事实命directobject直接宾语concurrent同时发生的directspeech,DS直接言语题conjugation词形变化couplet对句对联directthought,DT直接思想conjunct连接副词creativity创造性原创性directionality方向性conjunction连接词Creole克里澳尔语混和语discourse语篇话语conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑cross-culturalcommunication跨文化discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析connotation内涵discourseinterpretation语篇理解交际discrete分离的离散的finite有定的有限的民族学discrete-pointgrammar离散语法etic非位的素的finitestategrammar有限状态语discretepointtest分立性测试eventprocess事件过程法disjunction分离关系example-basedmachinetranslationfirst-personnarrator第一人称叙述displacement移位基于例句的机器翻译者dissimilation异化（作用）exchangeerror交换错误Firthianphonology弗斯音系学distinctivefeature区别性特征exchangesequence交际序列flap闪音distinguisher辩义成分exchangestructure交际结构flexibility灵活性变通性do-insertionruledo添加规则exhaustive穷尽的彻底的floppydisk软盘domain范围领域existent存在物focus焦点中心dorsal舌背音舌中音existential存在句folketymology俗词源学民间词源dorsum舌背（音）existentialprocess存在过程foregroundedfeatures突出特征doublecomparative双重比较existentialquantifier存在数量词foregrounding突出前景话drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件exocentric外向的foreignlanguageteaching外语教D-structureD结构exocentricconstruction外向结构学dual双数experiential经验的form形式dualisticview二分观点experientialfunction经验功能formaldifference形式差异duality二重性experimentalpsycholinguistics实验formalization形式化Eformation形成心理语言学earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语explanatoryadequacy解释充分性formative构形成分构词成分economy经济性简洁性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明freeform自由形式ejective爆发音freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言显的语法教学法electronicmail电子邮件expressionminimization表达最底程语ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思度语expressive表达的想ellipsis省略（法）extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展freemorpheme自由语素ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子freerootmorpheme自由词根语标准理论结构extensive引申的扩展的素embeddedelement嵌入成分extent-conditionformat程度条件格freevariant自由变体emic位学的freeverse自由韵文式emotive感情的externalevaluation外部评估French法语empirical经验主义的externalqualifier外部修饰语frequencyeffect频率效应empiricaldata经验主义的语料extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误fricative（摩）擦音empiricalvalidity经验效度friction摩擦来源empiricism经验主义eyemovement眼部移动front舌面前舌前的emptycategory,EC空范畴Ffullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,enablingskills使成技能化facevalidity卷面效度FAHQT全自动高质量翻译encoding编码facilitation便利促进functionword功能词endrhyme末端韵Fasoldfunction功能endocentricconstruction内向结构feasibility可行性functionalgrammar功能语法entailment蕴涵feature特征functionallinguistics功能语言学entrycondition入列条件feedback反馈functionalsentenceperspective,FSPepenthesis插音增音felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条功能句子观equipollentopposition均等对立functionsoflanguage语言功能件equivalence相等feminine阴性fusion溶合equivalencereliability相等信度fiction小说fuzzy模糊的erroranalysis错误分析figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征GEST科技英语genderdifference性别差异性语言ethnicityidentity民族认同figuresofspeech修辞手段修辞格generallinguistics普通语言学ethnographyofcommunication交际finiteelement有定成分generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法historicallinguistics历史语言学indicative陈述式陈述语气generativesemantics生成语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段indirectobject间接宾语genitive属格所有格homonym同音/形异议词indirctspeech,IS间接言语genre体裁语类HopiHopi语indirectthought,IT间接思想German德语horizontalrelation链状关系Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语given(information)已给信息Hornscale霍恩阶言globaltask整体任务humancognitivesystem人类认知系inference推论推理glottal喉音inferencedrawing推论统glottalstop喉塞音humanlanguage人类语言inferentialcommunication推论交goal目标humanspeech人类言语际governmenttheory支配理论humantranslation人译infinitive不定式government支配hypercorrection矫枉过正infix中缀grammaticalanalysis语法分析hyponym下义词inflection屈折（变化）grammaticalfunction;;hyponymy下义关系inflectionalaffix屈折词缀grammaticalstructure语法结构hypothesis假设inflectionalmorphology屈折形态gradableantonymy分等级的反义关hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎学系Iinflectiveendings屈折结尾gradualopposition渐次对立iamb抑扬格informationretrieval信息检索grammaticalcategory语法范畴iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗informationstructure信息结构grammaticalconcept语法概念informative(function)信息功行grammaticaldescription语法描写ICanalysis直接成分分析法能grammaticalform语法形式ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机innateness先天性grammaticalmarker语法标记innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋辅助语言学习grammaticalmeaning语法意义ideational(function)概念功假设grammaticalorganization语法组input输入能成identifying认同的inputhypothesis语言输入说grammaticalpattern语法类型idiom成语习语instrumental(function)工具功grammaticalprocess语法过程idiomatically-governed习语支配能grammaticalrule语法规则integrativetest综合性测试的grammaticalsentencepattern,GSPill-formedsentences不合适的句intensifier强调成分语法句形子intensive强调的增强的grammaticalstructure语法结illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行interactional(function)交互功构为能grammaticalsubject语法主语illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作interdental齿间音grammaticalsystem语法系统interface界面用grammaticalword语法词imaginative(function)想象功能interference干扰graphiticform文字形式immediacyassumption即时假定interjection感叹词GriceanmaximGrice准则immediateconstituentanalysis直接interlanguage中介语group词组interlingua国际语成分分析法guttural腭音imperativerule祈使规则interlingualapproach语际法Himperative祈使语气命令的interlocutor会话者half-rhyme半韵implicate意含internalevaluation内部评估hardpalate硬腭implication蕴涵含义internalstructure内部结构head中心词中心成分implicationconnective蕴涵连接internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA headedconstruction中心结构implicature含义言外之意国际音标heptameter七音步诗行impliedmeaning蕴涵意义internet互联网hierarchicalstructure等级结构implosive内破裂音内爆音interpersonal人际的hierarchicalsystem等级系统inanimate无生命的interpersonalfunction人际功hierarchy等级体系inclusivenessrelation内包意义能high高（元音）indefinite不定的，无定的interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句langue语言（系统）loantranslation翻译借词intonation语调larynx喉头loanblend混合借词intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系lateral边音旁流音loanshift转移借词intransitive不及物的Latin拉丁语loanword借词intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内Latingrammar拉丁语法localareanetworks,LAN局域网源laxvowel松元音locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言invariableword不变词length长度音长语行为invention新创词语letter字母logicalcomponent逻辑成分inversion倒置，倒装level层，级，平面logicalconnective逻辑连词IPAchart国际音标图Levinson,Stephenlogicalformcomponent逻辑式成IPSsymbol国际音标符号lexeme词位词素分irony讽刺反话lexicalambiguity词汇歧义logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表isolatedopposition孤立对立lexicalchange词汇变化达Italian意大利语lexicallevel词汇层logicalformula逻辑公式Jlexicalmeaning词汇意义logicalfunction逻辑功能Japanese日语lexicalmorphology词汇形态学logicalsemantics逻辑语义学jargon黑话行语lexicalstudies词汇研究logicalstructure逻辑结构Jesperson,Ottolexicalword词汇词logicalsubject逻辑主语Johnson&Johnsonlexicogrammar词汇语法logophoricity词照应Johnsonlexicon词汇词典LondonSchool伦敦学派Jones,Daniellexis词longvowed长元音Kliaison连音连续lossofsound语音脱落kernelsentence核心句limerick打油诗loudness响度keyword关键词line诗行Mknowledge知识linearphonology线性音系学machinetranslation机器翻knowninformation已知信息linearstructure线形结构译Krashenlinguisticuniversity语言普遍性macrolinguistics宏观语言学Kruszewski,Mikolajlinguisticbehaviour语言行为macroproposition宏观命题Kuno,Susumolinguisticbehaviourpotential语言行macrostructure宏观结构Lmainclause主句为潜势label标示标记linguisticcompetence语言能Malinowski,Bronislawlabial唇音man-machinesymbiosis人机共生力labiodental唇齿音linguisticcontext语言语境上下文mannermaxim方式准则language语言linguisticdata语言素材mannerofarticulation发音方式languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语linguisticdescription语言描写marked标记的言习得机制linguisticdeterminism语言决定masculine阳性languageattitude语言态度matalinguistic元语言学的论languagechoice语言选择linguisticfacts语言事实material(process)物质过程languagecomprehension语言理linguisticrelativity语言相对性mathematicalprinciples数学原解linguisticsexism语言性别歧视理languagedata语言素材linguisticstructure语言结构maxim准则languagelearning语言学习linguistictheory语言理论maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅languagemaintenance语言维护linguisticunit语言单位音原则languageprocessing语言处理linguisticuniversal语言普遍meaningpotential意义潜languagestructure语言结构性势languagesystem语言系统linguisticvariation语言变异meaningshift转移languageteaching语言教linguistics语言学meaning意学liprounding圆唇化义languageuniversal语言普遍性literallanguage本义语言mental(processs)思维过程心理过languageuse语言使用literarystylistics文学文体学程mentalism心灵主义node节变化message信息mothertongue母语本族nominalgroup名词词组metafunction元功能nominalization名词化语metalinguistic元语言的motivation动因动机nominative主格metaphor隐喻move（移动）non-authenticinput非真实语料的输metathesis换位（作用）MT机器翻译入metonymy换喻转喻MTquality机译质量non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分metre韵律multilateralopposition多边对立析metricalpatterning韵律格式multi-levelphonology多层次音系non-conventionality非规约性microcomputer微机non-detachability非可分离性学microprocessor微处理器multilingualism多语制多语现象non-linearphonology非线性音系mid中（元音）N学mind思维narratee被叙述者non-linguisticentity非语言实体minimalattachmenttheory最少接触narrator叙述者non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音理论narrators’representationofspeechnon-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语minimalpair最小对立体acts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表篇minimalistprogramnon-reflexivepronoun非反身代词达minimumfreeform最小自由形narrator’respresentationofspeech,nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶式NRS言语的叙述者表达段mirrormaxim镜像准则narrator’respresentationofthoughtnonverbalcues非言语提示mistake错误acts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表norm规范modalsubject语气主语notationsystem标写系统达modalverb情态动词narrator’repsresentationofthought,notion意念modality情态NRT思维的叙述者表达notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能modernFrench现代法语narrowtranscription窄式音标教学大纲modification修饰narrowing狭窄化nounphrase名词短语modifier修饰语nasal鼻音noun名词monomorphemic单语素的nasalcavity鼻腔numbersystem数字系统monophonemic单音位的nasalsound鼻音number数字monophthong单元音nasalstop鼻塞音Omonosyllabic单音节的nasaltract鼻道object宾语Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法nasality鼻音性object-deletion宾语省略mood语气nasalization鼻音化objectivecase宾格morph形素词素形式Nash,Walterobjectivity客观性morpheme语素词素形nativespeaker操本族语者obligatory强制性素naturallanguage自然语言observationaladequacy观察充分morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错naturalisticdata自然语料性误near-adultgrammar近成人语法abstruction阻塞morphemicshape词素形状negation否定否定结构OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描morphemicstructure词素结构negative否定的仪morphemictranscription词素标negativeinterference负面干扰octametre八音步诗行音negativemarker否定标记OldEnglish古英语morphologicalchange形态变化negativetransfer负转移one-placepredicate一位谓语morphologicalrule形态规则neogrammarian新语法学家on-linetranslation在线翻译morphology形态学network网络onomatopoeia拟声词morpho-phonemiccomponent形态networkcomputer网络计算机onset节首辅音音位成分neutralizableopposition可中立对openclass开放类morphophonemics形态音位学opensyllable开音节立morphophonology形态音系学newinformation新信息operationalsystem操作系统morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法newstylistics新文体学operative可操作性operator操作词person人称polysyllabic多音节（词）oppositenessrelation对立关系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系统分析opposition对立pharyngeal咽头音喉音Portugese葡萄牙语optimalrelevance最适宜关联pharynx喉头positivetransfer正移转option选择phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感性possessive所有的属有的optional可选择的possiblegrammar可能语言的语谈话oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音声单位postalveolar后齿龈音ordinalnumeral序数词phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙originoflanguage语言起源phoneticalphabet音标菲尔德语言学orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent语音形式postdeterminer后限定词ostensivecommunication直示交post-structuralistview后结构主义观部分际phoneticsimilarity语音相似性点output产出phoneticsymbol语音符号pragmaticinference语用推论overgeneralization过分法则化phonetictranscription标音pragmaticroles语用角色Ppragmatics语用学（法）palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics语音学PragueSchool布拉格学palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization（硬）腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定词paradigm聚合体predicatecalculus谓语演算分paradigmaticrelation聚合关phonologicallevel音系层predicatelogic谓语逻辑系phonologicalprocess音位过程predicate谓语paraphrase释义意译phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator谓语（动）词parole言语predictivevalidity预测效度达partofspeech词类phonologicalrule音位规则pre-editing预先编辑译前加工participant参与者phonologicalstructure音位结构prefix前缀particle小品词语助词phonologicalsystem音位系统pre-modifiedinput预修正的输particulargrammar特定语的语phonologicalvariant音位变体入法phonology音系学premodifier前修饰语partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短语动词preposition介词passivetransformation被动转phrase短语prepositionalcalculus介词演算换phrasestructure短语结构prepositionallogic介词逻辑passive(voice)被动语态phrasestructuregrammar短语结构prepositionalopposition介词对patterndrilltechnique句型操练语法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结prepositionalphrase介词短pattern模式构规则语patterning制定模式pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外prescriptive规定式pause停顿presupposition前提预设语peak（节）峰Pitch音高声调高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知时距placeofarticulation发音部位音perfectionism完善主义play剧本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成体plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest语言运用测试plosive爆破音爆发音原则performance语言运plural复数principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主义则performative(verb)行事性动plurality复数形式principleofquantity数量原则词poetic(function)诗学功能privativeopposition表非对立表缺对perlocutionaryact话后行为poetry诗歌立perseverativecoarticulation重复性polymorphemic(word)多语素process过程协同发音词productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性realisation体现R-principle关联原则proficiencytest水平测试recall回忆rulesystem规则系统pro-form代词形式替代形式receivedpronunciation,RP标准发rule-basedapproaches基于规则的programminglanguage编程语言音方法progressive进行体receiver受话者信息接受者rulesoflanguage语言规则progressiveassimilation顺同化recencyeffect近期效应Sprojectionrule投射规则recognition识别samenessrelation相同关系pronominal代词recursion可溯Sanskrit梵文pronoun代词recursive可溯的还原的Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫pronunciation发音recursiveness递归性假设pronunciationdictionary发音词典reference所指参照Saussure索绪尔pronunciation发音referentialmeaning所指意义scaleofdelicacy精密阶proportionalopposition部分对referentialtheory所指理论schema图式立referential所指的scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式proposition命题reflectedmeaning反映意义的语言prosestyle散文风格reflexive(form)反身形式secondlanguageacquisition第二语prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分regionaldialect地域方言言习得析register语域secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元psycholinguistics心理语言学regressiveassimilation逆同化音psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticregulatory(function)控制性语言功secondarystress次重音approach心理-社会语言学方法segment音段能psychologicalreality心理现实relationmaxim关系准则selectionrestriction选择限制psychologicalsubject心理主语relationalopposite关系对立selectionalrules选择规则psychologyoflanguage语言心理学relationalprocess关系过程self-reflexive自反身psychometric-structuralistapproachrelativeclause关系分句关系从句semanticassociationnetwork语义关心理测定-结构主义法relativepronoun关系代词联网络pulmonicsound肺闭塞音relativeuninterruptibility相对的非间semanticchange语义变化Putonghua普通话semanticcomponent语义部断性Qrelevancetheory关联理论分Q-basedimplicature基于质量的含reliability信度semanticfeature特征义repetition重复semanticinterpretation语义解释Q-principle质量原则representationalsystem表达系统semanticinterpretativerules语义解quality质representational表达实体释规则量residue剩余成分semanticprocess语义过程restrictedlanguage限制性语言semanticrepresentation语义表达qualitymaxim质量准则retrievalprocess检索过程semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义quantifier数量词retrievalsystem检索系统句型quantitativeanalysis定量分析retroflexsound卷舌音semantictriangle语义三角quantitativeparadigm数量变化表reverserhyme反陨semantics语义学quantitymaxim数量准则revisedextendedstandardtheory,semi-consonant半辅音quatrain四行诗REST修正扩展标准理论semioticsystem符号系统Rrewritingrules重写规则semiotics符号学range范围rheme述位semi-vowel半元音rank级rhetoricalskill修辞技能senserelation意义关系rationalism理性主义rhyme韵韵角压韵sense意义rawdata原始素材rhythm韵律节奏sentence句子R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵Romanalphabetletter罗马字母sentencefragments句子成分义root词根sentencemeaning句义reader读者rootmorpheme词根语素sentencememory句子记忆readingcomprehension阅读理解roundvowel圆元音sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子结构speechsynthesis言语合成superlativedegree最高级sententialcalculus句子演算spelling拼写,拼法superordinate上坐标词setting场景splitinfinitives分裂的不定式suprasegmentalfeature超语段特征sibilant咝擦音spokencorpus口语语料库surfaceform表层形式sign符号spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻surfacerepresentation表层表达signified所指受指surfacestructure表层结构译signifier能指施指spondee扬扬格syllabicstructure音节结构simile明喻spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象syllabification音节划节simultaneity同时性spread展元音syllable音节singular单数S-structure表层结构syllabusdesign教学大纲设计situationalcontext情景语境stability稳定性syllabus教学大纲situationallevel情景层stabilityreliability稳定性效度syllogism三段论法situationalsyllabus情景教学大纲StandardEnglish标准英语symbol符号situationalvariation情景变异standardtheory标准理论synchronic(linguistics)共时（语言学）slot空缺standardization标准化synonym同义词socialrole社会角色statisticalanalysis统计分析synonymous同义的socialsemiotic社会符号学status地位synonymy同义现象socio-culturalrole社会文化角色stem词干syntacticcomponent句法部分sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage语言stimulus刺激syntacticfeatures句法特征的社会语言学研究stimulus-response刺激反应syntacticfunction句法功能sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会stop闭塞音syntacticmarker句法标记的社会语言学研究storedknowledge储存知识syntacticprocess句法过程sociolinguistics社会语言学strategicknowledge学习策略知识syntacticrestriction句法限制sociologicalapproach社会学方法stratification层syntacticstructure句法结构softpalate软腭streamofconsciousness意识流syntacticalchange变化solidarity团结stresspattern重音模式syntagmaticrelation组合关系sonnet十四行诗stress重音syntax句法sonorant响音structuralanalysis结构分析systemnetwork系统网络sonorityscale响音阶structural(structuralist)grammar结systemofsigns符号系统sound语音systemofsystems系统的系统构语法soundimage语音图像structuralsyllabus结构教学大纲systemic(grammar)系统语法soundpattern语音模式structuraltest结构测试systemic-functionalGrammar,SFG系soundsegment音段structuralism结构主义统功能语法soundsystem语音系统structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言soundwave音波T学speaker’smeanin说g话者意义structuralistview结构主义观点tacitknowledge默契的知识speech言语style文体风格tagmeme法位speechacttheory言语行为理论stylisticanalysis文体分析tagmemics法位学speechcommunity言语社团stylistics文体学tap一次接触音speechcomprehension言语理解subcategorize次范畴targetlanguage目标语言speechevent言语事件subject主语tautology同义反复冗辞speechfunction言语功能subject-deletion主语省略template模块speechmode言语方式subjectivetest主观性测试tensevowel紧元音speechorgan言语器官subjectivity主观性tense时态speechperception言语感知subjunctivemood虚拟语气testcontent测试内容speechpresentation言语表达subordinateconstruction从属结构testform测试形式speechproduction;言语产生subordination从属testee受试者speechresearch言语研究substitutability替代性testing测试speechrole言语角色substitution替换test-retestreliability一测再测信speechsound语音suffix后缀度tetrameter四音步诗行Uvoicing浊音化，有声化text语篇Unaspirated不松气的vowelglide元音音渡textcomprehension语篇理解underlyingform底层形式vowel元音textencoding语篇编码underlyingrepresentation底层表达Wtextinterpretation语篇解释uninterruptibility非中断性webpage网页textstyle语篇风格universalgrammar,UG普遍语法Wh-interrogative特殊疑问句textualorganization语篇组织universalquantifier普遍限量词womenregister女性语域textual语篇功能universal普遍现象word词theme主位universality普遍性wordclass词类theoreticallinguistics理论语言学universalsoflanguage语言的普遍现wordformation词语形成third-personnarrator第三人称叙述wordgroup词组象者unmarked未标记的wordmeaning词义thoughtpresentation思想表达unroundedvowel非圆元音wordorder词序three-placepredicate三位谓语urbandialectology都市方言学wordrecognition词语识别tone声调音调user用户wordformation词语形成tongueheight舌高user-friendly方便用户的word-for-word逐词翻译tongueposition舌位utterancemeaning语句意义wording措辞tonguetip舌尖utterance语句workingmemorysystem工作记忆系topic主题uvula小舌统tracetheory轨迹论uvular小舌音writing文字traditionalgrammar传统语法writingsystem文字系统transcribed标音Vwrittenlanguage书面语transcription音标标音validity效度writtentext篇章transfer移转variable可变化的Xtransferapproach移转法variableword可变化词X-barTheoryX-bar理论transformation转换variation变异Ytransformationofinterrogation疑问variety变体语体yes/nointerrogative是非问句转换velar软腭音yes/noquestion是非问句transformationalcomponent转换部velarization腭音化Z分、transformationalgrammar转换语velum软口盖zeroform零形式法verb动词transformationalprocess转换过程verbphrase动词短语transformationalrule转换规则verbalcommunication言语交际transformational-generativegrammar,verbalprocess言语过程TGgrammar转换生成语法verbiage言辞transitivity及物性vernacularlanguageeducation本地translation翻译化教育treediagram树形图verticalrelation选择关系trill颤音vocabulary词汇trochee抑扬格长短格vocalcord声带trope转喻隐喻vocalorgan发音器官truthcondition真值条件vocaltract声道truthvalue真值vocative呼格tu/vousdistinction你/您区别voice语态turnlength话语轮次长度voicedconsonant浊辅音turnquantity话语轮次数量voicedobstruent浊塞音turn-taking依次发言voiced(sound)浊音two-placepredicate二位谓语voicelessconsonant清辅音two-wordutterance二词话语voicelessobstruent清塞音typology类型学voiceless(sound)清音。
[生活]英语语言学术语英汉对照
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英语语言学术语英汉对照[在其他地方发现了这个帖子,特发到这里,以供考中南外院的同学借鉴1. 语言的普遍特征:任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能:传达信息功能informative人济功能:interpersonal行事功能erformative表情功能:Emotive寒暄功能:Phatic娱乐功能recreatinal元语言功能 metalingual3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学 phonology形态学 Morphology句法学 syntax语义学 semantics语用学 pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one ofthe unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant:there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocaltract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音 complete obstruction鼻音 nasals破裂音 plosives部分阻塞辅音 partial obstruction擦音 fricatives破擦音 affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征 aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音 diphthongs,有元音过渡 vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学 phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别:语音学着重于语音的自然属性,主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音;音位学则强调语音的社会功能,其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
英语语言学语域定义中英文word精品
Discourse analysis, belongs to applied linguistics, came to prominence in translation studies in the 1990s.Text analysis: normally concentrateson describing the way in which texts are organized( sentence structures, cohesion, etc.)Discourse analysis: looks at the way language communicates meaning and social and power relations.Register(语域):the style of a piece of writi ng or speech (colloquial, formal, literary, etc.) usually used in particular circumstances.语域（Register）是语言使用的场合或领域的总称。
英国语言学家韩礼德（M.A. K. Halliday ）将语域定义为，语言变体可以按照使用的情况划分为语域。
语言使用的领域的种类很多，例如：新闻广播、演说语言、广告语言、课堂用语、办公用语、家常谈话、与幼童谈话、与外国人谈话、口头自述等。
在不同的领域使用的语言会有不同的语体。
语域的三个社会变量：语场（field）,语旨（tenor）和语式（mode）。
具有某种具体用途的语言变体，它与社会或区域（因说话者的不同而异）相对。
使语言行为适应于某一特定活动类型、正式程度等的一种倾向。
语域是由多种情境特征------------- 特别是指语篇语场、语篇方式和语篇基调--- 相联系的语言特征构成的。
语域是语篇针对特定的交际场合,为达到某一交际目的而产生的一种功能变体,它是多种参数----------- 语篇语场、方式和基调--- 的综合体现，不只是一种单纯的语篇方式变体。
英语语言学语域定义中英文
英语语言学语域定义中英文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Discourse analysis, belongs to applied linguistics, came to prominence in translation studies in the 1990s.Text analysis: normally concentrates on describing the way in which texts are organized( sentence structures, cohesion, etc.)Discourse analysis: looks at the way language communicates meaning and social and power relations.Register(语域): the style of a piece of writing or speech (colloquial, formal, literary, etc.) usually used in particular circumstances.语域（Register）是语言使用的场合或领域的总称。
英国语言学家韩礼德（M. A. K. Halliday）将语域定义为，语言变体可以按照使用的情况划分为语域。
语言使用的领域的种类很多，例如：新闻广播、演说语言、广告语言、课堂用语、办公用语、家常谈话、与幼童谈话、与外国人谈话、口头自述等。
在不同的领域使用的语言会有不同的语体。
语域的三个社会变量：语场（field），语旨（tenor）和语式（mode）。
具有某种具体用途的语言变体，它与社会或区域（因说话者的不同而异）相对。
使语言行为适应于某一特定活动类型、正式程度等的一种倾向。
语域是由多种情境特征------特别是指语篇语场、语篇方式和语篇基调------相联系的语言特征构成的。
语域
Examples Analysis
The defendant wishes to inform the court that he is innocent.
He wants to tell you he didn't do it.
Examples Analysis
The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue.
register指的是语言因其使用的语境不同而出现的语言变体它与语言的使用者语境及语言的正式程度有密切的关系
语体与语域
Style & Register
语体（Style/Linguistic Style）
“同一语言品种(标准语、方言、社会 方言等)使用者在不同的场合中典型地使 用该语言品种的变体。” (程雨民, 《英语语体学》，1989)
“语域” （register）指的是语言因其使用的语境不 同而出现的语言变体，它与语言的使用者、语境及语 言的正式程度有密切的关系。
按照词语或话语的正式程度，柯平把语域分为五级： 刻板的（frozen）、正式的（formal）、商谈的 （consultative）、随便的（causal）和亲昵的 （intimate）;
illness. Tom was ill ,so he didn't go to school. Tom didn't go to school, because he
was ill.
语言学专有名词中英对照
模块中文英文语言学概述语言Langue[lɑːŋɡ]言语Parole[pəˈrəʊl]规定性Prescriptive[prɪˈskrɪptɪv]描述性Descriptive[dɪˈskrɪptɪv]共时性Synchronic[sɪŋˈkrɑːnɪk]历时性Diachronic[ˌdaɪəˈkrɑːnɪk]语言能力Competence[ˈkɑːmpɪtəns]语言表现Performance任意性Arbitrariness[ˈɑːrbɪtrerinəs]能产性Productivity[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]二重性Duality[djuːˈæləti]移位性Displacement[dɪsˈpleɪsmənt]文化传播性Cultural transmission[trænzˈmɪʃn]互换性Interchangeability[ˌɪntərˌtʃeɪndʒəˈbɪləti]信息功能Informative function[ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv]人际功能Interpersonal function[ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl]施为功能Performative function[pərˈfɔːrmətɪv]情感功能Emotive function[ɪˈmoʊtɪv]寒暄功能Phatic function[ˈfætɪk]娱乐功能Recreational function[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl]元语言功能Metalinguistic function[ˌmetəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk]语音学(Phonetics) [fəˈnetɪks]元音Vowel[ˈvaʊəl]辅音Consonant[ˈkɒnsənənt]发音方式Manner of Articulation爆破音Stops/Plosives摩擦音Fricative[ˈfrɪkətɪv]塞擦音Affricate[ˈæfrɪkət]鼻音Nasal[ˈneɪzl]流音Liquids['lɪkwɪdz]滑音Glides[ɡlaɪdz]发音部位Place of Articulation双唇音Bilabial[ˌbaɪˈleɪbiəl]唇齿音Labiodental[ˌleɪbiəʊˈdentl]齿音Dental[ˈdentl]齿龈音Alveolar[ælˈviːələ]硬颚音Palatal[ˈpælətl]软腭音Velar[ˈviːlə(r)]声门音Glottal[ˈɡlɒtl]声带Vocal[ˈvəʊkl]cord[kɔːd]带声性Voicing清辅音Voiceless浊辅音Voiced[vɔɪst]音系学(Phonology) [fəˈnɒlədʒi]音素Phone音位Phoneme[ˈfəʊniːm]音位变体Allophone[ˈæləfəʊn]互补分布Complementary[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri]distribution 最小对立体Minimal pairs音位对立Phonemic[fəʊˈniːmɪk]contrast形态学(Morphology) [mɔːˈfɒlədʒi]词素Morphemes[ˈmɔːfiːmz]自由词素Free Morphemes粘着词素Bound Morphemes词根Root词缀Affix[əˈfɪks,ˈæfɪks]前缀Prefix[ˈpriːfɪks]后缀Suffix[ˈsʌfɪks]词干Stem屈折词缀Inflectional[ɪnˈflɛkʃən(ə)l]Affix派生词缀Derivational[ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən(ə)l]Affix 复合法Compound派生法Derivation发明法Invention混成法Blending['blendɪŋ]首字母连写法Initialism[ɪnˈɪʃəlɪzəm]首字母缩略法Acronym[ˈækrənɪm]借词法Borrowing逆构词法Back-formation[fɔːˈmeɪʃn]语义学（Semantics）[sɪˈmæntɪks]同义关系Synonymy[sɪˈnɒnɪmi]方言同义词Dialectal[ˌdaɪ.əˈlek.təl]synonyms[ˈsɪnənɪmz]文体同义词Stylistic[staɪˈlɪstɪk]synonyms情感同义词Emotive synonyms搭配同义词Collocational[ˌkɒləʊˈkeɪʃən(ə)l]synonyms 语义同义词Semantic synonyms反义关系Antonymy[æn‘tɒnɪmɪ]等级反义关系Gradable[ˈɡreɪdəbl]antonymy互补反义关系Complementary antonymy反向反义关系Converse antonymy上下义关系Hyponymy[haɪ'pɒnɪmɪ]上义词Superordinate[ˌsuːpər'ɔːdɪnət]下义词Hyponyms['haɪpəʊnɪm]一词多义Polysemy[pəˈlɪsɪmi]同音/同形异义关系Homonymy[ho'mɑnəmi]同音异义词Homophone[ˈhɒməʊfəʊn]同形异义词Homographs完全同音异义词Complete Homonyms[ˈhɒm.ə.nɪm]蕴含entailment[ɪnˈteɪl.mənt]预设Presuppose[ˌpriːsəˈpəʊz]语用学(Pragmatics) [præɡˈmætɪks]言内行为Locutionary[ləu'kju:ʃənəri]act言外行为Illocutionary[ˌɪləˈkjuːʃəneri]act言后行为Perlocutionary[ˌpɜːrləˈkjuːʃəneri]act直接言语行为Direct speech act间接言语行为Indirect speech act合作原则Cooperative principle数量准则Quantity maxim[ˈmæksɪm]质量准则Quality maxim关系准则Relation maxim方式准则Manner maxim会话含义Conversational implicature[ˈɪmplɪkətʃər]修辞学（Rhetoric）[ˈretərɪk]头韵Alliteration[əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃn]押尾韵End rhyme反韵Reverse rhyme准押韵（类韵）Assonance[ˈæsənəns]拟声Onomatopoeia[ˌɑːnəˌmætəˈpiːə]斯普纳现象Spoonerism[ˈspuːnərɪzəm]明喻Simile暗喻Metaphor转喻（借代）Metonymy[məˈtɑːnəmi]提喻Synecdoche[sɪˈnekdəki]隐喻（典故）Allusion[əˈluːʒn]拟人Personification[pərˌsɑːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]夸张Hyperbole[haɪˈpɜːrbəli]矛盾Oxymoron[ˌɑːksɪˈmɔːrɑːn]委婉语Euphemism[ˈjuːfəmɪzəm]反语Irony[ˈaɪrəni]双关Pun移就Transferred epithet[ˈepɪθet]。
语域与翻译
something and that help you to understand it” 不难看出，字、词存在 于语境之中，而语篇也存在于语境之 中。某些时候，帮助译者更好理解原 文的也许并不是字典，而是上下文语 境，语境为我们展示了更多的意义。
精选ppt
2
（The linguistic features which are typi cally associated with a configuration of situational features---with particular values of the field mode and tenor--constitute a register。）因此,语域是 语篇针对特定的交际场合,为达到某一 交际目的而产生的一种功能变体,它是 多种参数------语篇语场、方式和基调-----的综合体现，不只是一种单纯的 语篇方式变体。（李运兴2001：88）
译文 1 和译文2 均较好地理解了原文， 但译文1 其最大的问题就是未能成功 地再现原语语篇的语域特征，因而不 符合学术论文的要求
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20
比如学术论文的摘要中一般不使用 “我们”这样的人称代词，而使用 “本文，本研究，本课题”等，以体 现科学研究过程就事论事不受个人主 观影响的特点；“与人种没有明显的 关系”，不如“不具备显著的种族差 异性”这一表述正式；而“在两类受 试族群中”也远比“这两组”更符合 心理学调查的用语规范。通过这样的 对比可以看出，译文2 是更符合原文 语篇语境和语域特征的译文。（其余 对比详见两则译文中的划线部分）
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不同的语篇类型总有自己的一套 使用率较高的词汇、句式、句子 结构和语篇结构。译者必须 熟悉
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Discourse analysis, belongs to applied linguistics, came to prominence in translation studies in the 1990s.
Text analysis: normally concentrates on describing the way in which texts are organized( sentence structures, cohesion, etc.
Discourse analysis: looks at the way language communicates meaning and social and power relations.
Register(语域: the style of a piece of writing or speech (colloquial, formal, literary, etc. usually used in particular circumstances.
语域（Register）是语言使用的场合或领域的总称。
英国语言学家韩礼德（M. A. K. Halliday）将语域定义为，语言变体可以按照使用的情况划分为语域。
语言使用的领域的种类很多，例如：新闻广播、演说语言、广告语言、课堂用语、办公用语、家常谈话、与幼童谈话、与外国人谈话、口头自述等。
在不同的领域使用的语言会有不同的语体。
语域的三个社会变量：语场（field），语旨（tenor）和语式（mode）。
具有某种具体用途的语言变体，它与社会或区域（因说话者的不同而异）相对。
使语言行为适应于某一特定活动类型、正式程度等的一种倾向。
语域是由多种情境特征------特别是指语篇语场、语篇方式和语篇基调------相联系的语言特征构成的。
语域是语篇针对特定的交际场合,为达到某一交际目的而产生的一种功能变体,它是多种参数------语篇语场、方式和基调------的综合体现，不只是一种单纯的语篇方式变体。