英语第七讲

Development 而不是围绕主题简单的重复
从不同角度用详尽的事实来说明，
Practice
根据所给主题句，续写支持句
(4-6个)： For large number of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health.
Practice
修改以下段落，如：删去与主题无关的句子， 或加上一些连接词。 Most important, television is educational. Children learn to know different kinds of animals, volcanoes and trees through science shows. Adults get an education from courses given on television. Television widens our knowledge by covering important events and current news. Viewers can see and hear presidents’ speeches, state funerals and natural disasters. Housewives can kill boredom by watching many interesting TV serials

Coherence
D 表让步的 although，though, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true… but, in spite of, even though E 表原因的 because, as, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account if F 表结果的 Thus, so, hence, consequently, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, as a consequence
Practice
连贯性、发展性。 1. Modern graduates express their gratitude to their school teachers in three different ways. 2. Because of modern technology, humans will be better off economically 20 years from now than they are today.
also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. (1) Lies hurt their colleagues as well. (2) The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients. (3) It contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
Coherence
1. 内容安排上 A 顺序型

主题句
支持句1
支持句2
支持句3
按事情发展过程由先而后的
顺序排列。 一般用于叙述时间，或操作 程序
Coherence
1. 内容安排上 A 转折型

主题句
正面 反面
支持句1 支持句2 支持句3 支持句4 支持句5
Coherence
2. 衔接手段上 2.1 过渡词衔接 过渡词—表逻辑关系—大大增加文 章连贯性。 A 表举例的 for example, for instance, as a case in point, in the case of, as a illustration, such as, like, that is, say
比较

1. For a large number of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Obviously if you have nothing to do, your health will be affected. Work is one way to keep you healthy. If you don’t work, it will do harm to your health. Just imagine, you stay at home all day, doing nothing, your health will be declining. Without work, without good health. So doing nothing will be harmful to one’s health.
SS2
SS3
SS1
Unit
支持句围绕主题句展开，每一句的内容
都应与其有关。 每个支持句既是它前一句的继续，又是 后一句的发展。如： 主题句：白日做梦有助于智力发展。 支持句： 白日做梦使人更专注—注意细节—精神 愉快—互相合作—提高自制力 5个支持句从不同角度说明主题句思想
The development of paragraphs
----How to write supporting sentences
How？？
1.
Unit (统一性) Coherence (连贯性) Development (发展性)
2.
3.
Unit
SS5
SS6
SS4
topic sentence

Coherence
G 表强调的 Chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, above all, most important, worse, as a matter of fact, no doubt H 表递进的 first, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, for one thing, for another, not only…,but also
Because
of modern technology, humans will be better off economically 20 years from now than they are today. Hundreds of millions of people will live in homes that will seem like palaces to their parents and grandparents. At the same time. Brought together by telecommunications, people around the world will work together more efficiently than ever before. Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed. Computers and cellular phones will become commonplaces.
Coherence
条理要清晰 层次要分明
有逻辑
有系统
Coherence
1. 内容安排上 A 并列型

主题句
支持句1
支持句2
支持句3
Coherence
1. 内容安排上 A 层递型

主题句
支持句1
支持句2
wenku.baidu.com
支持句3
由轻到重，由牵入深。常用
于说理分析
Example
Lies

For a large number of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself today?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don’t have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.

Coherence
B 表比较的 similarly, likewise, in the same manner, the same…as, like, both, equally important

C 表对照的 on the contrary, on the other hand, by contrast, unlike, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, the opposite is true

Coherence
I 表结论的 in conclusion, in short, on the whole, finally, lastly, to sum up, to conclude, in any event J 表时间的 earlier, previous, formerly, before, after, as, until, meanwhile, later, afterwards, next K 表空间的 above, across, beyond, in front of, next to, opposite, under, below, nearby, close to
把以下主题句发展成为段落，注意统一性、
Modern
graduates express their gratitude to their school teachers in three different ways. To begin with, every holiday season they remember to send them beautiful cards, or gifts of flowers. Second, time and time again, they invite their teachers out to dinner in fine restaurants, sharing them with their own affairs. And finally, whenever their teachers need help they never fail to provide personal service.