爱尔兰PPT课件
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爱尔兰英语国家概况50页PPT
Russian National Flag
German National Flag
French German
Russian Irish
Irish Harp is so closely associated with Irish identity that it serves as the nation's national emblem.
The Celtic tribes arrived in the island about the 6th century BC.
In the 9th century the Viking 北欧海盗 invasions began. They were driven away in about 1014.
French National Flag, also known as the French tricolour, The Tricolour was used during the French Revolution and has since become a symbol of liberty around the world. Other nations have also adopted the design, usually associated with Freedom 自由, Equality 平等 and Fraternity (Brotherhood) 博爱.
The Liffey River flows through Dublin.
The Shannon River (370 km long; Severn River: 338 km; Thames River: 336 km.) is the longest river in the British Isles. It consists of a chain of lakes, begins in the northwest and flows southwest before reaching the Atlantic Ocean through a wide, lengthy estuary 河口. It provides electric power for much of the country.
介绍爱尔兰的课件
04
爱尔兰的旅游胜地
都柏林
魅力之都
VS
都柏林是爱尔兰的首都，这座城市拥 有丰富的历史、文化和美食。你可以 在城市中心的古建筑中感受到历史的 沉淀，同时享受现代化的便利设施。 都柏林也是文学和艺术中心，有许多 重要的文化景点和活动。
贝尔法斯特
北爱尔兰的瑰宝
贝尔法斯特位于爱尔兰的北部，是北爱尔兰 最大的城市。这座城市以其美丽的风景和丰 富的历史而闻名。你可以在贝尔法斯特城堡 中欣赏到中世纪的历史，同时也可以在城市
爱尔兰的植物与动物
植物
爱尔兰的植物种类繁多，其中包括了 各种蕨类植物、针叶树、草本植物等 。在爱尔兰的森林中，最常见的树木 是松树和云杉。
动物
爱尔兰的动物种类也很多，其中包括 了各种哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物等 。在爱尔兰的海域中，还生活着大量 的海豹、海豚和鲸鱼等海洋生物。
爱尔兰的自然景观
景观
爱尔兰的自然景观十分优美，其中包括了各种湖泊、河流、 海滩等。爱尔兰的湖泊和河流大多清澈见底，绿树成荫，非 常适合进行各种户外活动。
爱尔兰的历史与文化
爱尔兰有着悠久的历史，早期为 凯尔特人的居住地，后被罗马帝
国占领。
中世纪时期，爱尔兰成为了欧洲 的重要文化中心，特别是在文学
和音乐方面。
爱尔兰有着丰富多彩的文化传统 ，包括爱尔兰音乐、爱尔兰舞蹈
、爱尔兰文学等。
爱尔兰的经济与政治
爱尔兰是一个发达国家，有着 高度发达的经济体系。
服务业是爱尔兰经济的支柱产 业，特别是金融、旅游、教育 等。
爱尔兰的庆典
爱尔兰有许多庆典活动，如爱尔 兰盖尔运动比赛、爱尔兰音乐节 和都柏林艺术节等。
爱尔兰的休闲娱乐
要点一
爱尔兰的自然风光
爱尔兰英文PPT介绍
Ireland
National emblem
National lag
outline
• Geography • History
• Politics
• Economy
• Culture
• Advice for conversation
Geography
Ireland is a small island off the northwest cost of Great Britain, divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water.
The Parliament or Dail enacts all legislation for the country. This legislation is interpreted by a hierarchy of courts. At the bottom of this ladder is the District Court. The next rung is represented by the Circuit Court, which tries more serious cases. The next rung on the ladder is called the High Court. The High Court has full jurisdiction and determining power in all matters of law or fact. The Supreme Court is the court of final appeal.
• The Celts
The Celts were commonly thought to have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC, with subsequent groups arriving up to the time of Christ. The Celts had deep influence on Ireland. Among all the legacies of the Celts, it is their language that has proved the most lasting. Along with the language, the Celts also brought an instrument of social and cultural unity and a legal system to the island.
National emblem
National lag
outline
• Geography • History
• Politics
• Economy
• Culture
• Advice for conversation
Geography
Ireland is a small island off the northwest cost of Great Britain, divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water.
The Parliament or Dail enacts all legislation for the country. This legislation is interpreted by a hierarchy of courts. At the bottom of this ladder is the District Court. The next rung is represented by the Circuit Court, which tries more serious cases. The next rung on the ladder is called the High Court. The High Court has full jurisdiction and determining power in all matters of law or fact. The Supreme Court is the court of final appeal.
• The Celts
The Celts were commonly thought to have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC, with subsequent groups arriving up to the time of Christ. The Celts had deep influence on Ireland. Among all the legacies of the Celts, it is their language that has proved the most lasting. Along with the language, the Celts also brought an instrument of social and cultural unity and a legal system to the island.
爱尔兰
1542年，英王亨利八世成为爱尔兰国王，1560年起爱尔兰多地出现反对英国殖民的战争。英国内战后，英 国人逐步蚕食了爱尔兰的领土和主权。
1801年，爱尔兰王国和大不列颠王国统一，爱尔兰并入英国。
1845年因为马铃薯歉收问题造成爱尔兰大饥荒，英国政府在能进口美洲粮食的情况下却未提供太多协助， 造成爱尔兰人口减少了四分之一，让许多爱尔兰人对英国产生不满，爱尔府
政党
司法
政要
爱尔兰是议会民主政体。它的法律基础是普通法和议会在宪法框架内 通过的法规。欧盟的法规在爱尔兰具 有法律效力。
现行宪法于1937年6月14日经议会通过，同年12月29日生效。宪法规定，爱尔兰为共和国，总统由选民直 接选举产生，任期7年，有权召集和解散议会，任命内阁总理及部长，并任军队统帅。1999年12月，根据爱英两 国政府及北爱有关各方达成的《贝尔法斯特协议》，爱政府修改宪法，取消了有关主张北爱领土主权的条款。
东部和北部山脉海拔700～900米，南部山脉在海拔700～1000米之间；西南沿海悬崖陡峭、怪石嶙峋。山 中多洞穴、暗流；滨海山地久经侵蚀，山体为宽谷分割，有利于内地与沿海之间的交通。爱尔兰的海岸线长达 3000多千米，其东部海岸比较平直，缺乏天然良港；西部与南部的海岸线犬牙交错，绵延起伏、极富变化。
爱尔兰岛南北长475千米，东西宽275千米，全岛面积为8．4万平方千米，其中5/6的面积属于爱尔兰共和国。 爱尔兰国土由中部平原和环列四周的滨海山构成，形似一个边缘陡峭的盆地，南北高中间低；中部平原占全国总 面积的一半以上，海拔30～120米，间有海拔200～300米的低丘，这一地区被茂盛的森林覆盖，绿地遍野，是理 想的草原牧场。
都柏林同时是爱尔兰当之无愧的文体中心，几乎所有运动组织的总部都设在都柏林。最流行的运动项目是： 盖尔式足球、橄榄球和爱尔兰板棍球。都柏林的文学历史闻名世界，曾产生过许多杰出文学家，不过最著名的还 是詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《都柏林人》，他个人代表作《尤利西斯》地点也设在都柏林，因此布鲁姆日的主要庆祝活动 也源于都柏林。爱尔兰国家图书馆和爱尔兰国家印刷博物馆是爱尔兰最大的图书馆和文学博物馆。
1801年，爱尔兰王国和大不列颠王国统一，爱尔兰并入英国。
1845年因为马铃薯歉收问题造成爱尔兰大饥荒，英国政府在能进口美洲粮食的情况下却未提供太多协助， 造成爱尔兰人口减少了四分之一，让许多爱尔兰人对英国产生不满，爱尔府
政党
司法
政要
爱尔兰是议会民主政体。它的法律基础是普通法和议会在宪法框架内 通过的法规。欧盟的法规在爱尔兰具 有法律效力。
现行宪法于1937年6月14日经议会通过，同年12月29日生效。宪法规定，爱尔兰为共和国，总统由选民直 接选举产生，任期7年，有权召集和解散议会，任命内阁总理及部长，并任军队统帅。1999年12月，根据爱英两 国政府及北爱有关各方达成的《贝尔法斯特协议》，爱政府修改宪法，取消了有关主张北爱领土主权的条款。
东部和北部山脉海拔700～900米，南部山脉在海拔700～1000米之间；西南沿海悬崖陡峭、怪石嶙峋。山 中多洞穴、暗流；滨海山地久经侵蚀，山体为宽谷分割，有利于内地与沿海之间的交通。爱尔兰的海岸线长达 3000多千米，其东部海岸比较平直，缺乏天然良港；西部与南部的海岸线犬牙交错，绵延起伏、极富变化。
爱尔兰岛南北长475千米，东西宽275千米，全岛面积为8．4万平方千米，其中5/6的面积属于爱尔兰共和国。 爱尔兰国土由中部平原和环列四周的滨海山构成，形似一个边缘陡峭的盆地，南北高中间低；中部平原占全国总 面积的一半以上，海拔30～120米，间有海拔200～300米的低丘，这一地区被茂盛的森林覆盖，绿地遍野，是理 想的草原牧场。
都柏林同时是爱尔兰当之无愧的文体中心，几乎所有运动组织的总部都设在都柏林。最流行的运动项目是： 盖尔式足球、橄榄球和爱尔兰板棍球。都柏林的文学历史闻名世界，曾产生过许多杰出文学家，不过最著名的还 是詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《都柏林人》，他个人代表作《尤利西斯》地点也设在都柏林，因此布鲁姆日的主要庆祝活动 也源于都柏林。爱尔兰国家图书馆和爱尔兰国家印刷博物馆是爱尔兰最大的图书馆和文学博物馆。
爱尔兰英文介绍(课堂PPT)
11
• The Celts
The Celts were commonly thought to have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC, with subsequent groups arriving up to the time of Christ. The Celts had deep influence on Ireland. Among all the legacies of the Celts, it is their language that has proved the most lasting. Along with the language, the Celts also brought an instrument of social and cultural unity and a legal system to the island.
Christianity
Christianity was introduced into Ireland some time in the 5th century. Traditionally, it was said to have been brought by Saint Patrick. Although there were some Christians in Ireland before Patrick's arrival, by the time of his death in 461 AD, the whole island was effectively Christian.
14
• Early Modern Period
In 1541, Henry Ⅷ declared himself king of Ireland---the first English monarch to do so. Queen ElizabethⅠcontinued and amplified her father’s Irish campaigns. When her army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, the native political system was overthrown and, for the first time, the entire island was controlled by a strong English central government. Because of the repressive policies of the English administration, the English Protestantism was resisted in Ireland. When the new English republic was established under Oliver Cromwell, he took such drastic measures to crush the rebellion on Irish soil that the massacres of his parliamentary army are still recalled today.
• The Celts
The Celts were commonly thought to have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC, with subsequent groups arriving up to the time of Christ. The Celts had deep influence on Ireland. Among all the legacies of the Celts, it is their language that has proved the most lasting. Along with the language, the Celts also brought an instrument of social and cultural unity and a legal system to the island.
Christianity
Christianity was introduced into Ireland some time in the 5th century. Traditionally, it was said to have been brought by Saint Patrick. Although there were some Christians in Ireland before Patrick's arrival, by the time of his death in 461 AD, the whole island was effectively Christian.
14
• Early Modern Period
In 1541, Henry Ⅷ declared himself king of Ireland---the first English monarch to do so. Queen ElizabethⅠcontinued and amplified her father’s Irish campaigns. When her army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, the native political system was overthrown and, for the first time, the entire island was controlled by a strong English central government. Because of the repressive policies of the English administration, the English Protestantism was resisted in Ireland. When the new English republic was established under Oliver Cromwell, he took such drastic measures to crush the rebellion on Irish soil that the massacres of his parliamentary army are still recalled today.
大不列颠及北爱尔兰PPT课件
Sunday, Bloody Sunday Sunday, Bloody Sunday
2021/4/8
(Sunday, Bloody Sunday)
The real battle just begun To claim the victory Jesus won
Sunday Bloody Sunday Sunday Bloody Sunday...
Nationalist (those who want to unite with the Republic of Ireland)
IRA (Irish Republic Army) 爱尔兰共和军 Sinn Fein (political party) 新芬党 Stormont: location of the NI parliament, just
2021/4/8
21
The political problems of Northern Ireland
are what is best known about iists (loyal to the British crown) & Unionists (want to remain united with Britain)
The 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement
“Ulster says No”
The Downing Street Declaration (1993)
All party talks (p 26: political groupings)
Ceasefire (1994): IRA & Protestant paramilitary
Oh, wipe your blood shot eyes
2021/4/8
(Sunday, Bloody Sunday)
The real battle just begun To claim the victory Jesus won
Sunday Bloody Sunday Sunday Bloody Sunday...
Nationalist (those who want to unite with the Republic of Ireland)
IRA (Irish Republic Army) 爱尔兰共和军 Sinn Fein (political party) 新芬党 Stormont: location of the NI parliament, just
2021/4/8
21
The political problems of Northern Ireland
are what is best known about iists (loyal to the British crown) & Unionists (want to remain united with Britain)
The 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement
“Ulster says No”
The Downing Street Declaration (1993)
All party talks (p 26: political groupings)
Ceasefire (1994): IRA & Protestant paramilitary
Oh, wipe your blood shot eyes
爱尔兰经济介绍PPT
Over-heating------an economic crisis
Causes : 1.people’s desire for owning their own houses 2.a lot of loan from banks cking sufficient regulations from the government. Solutions: revising its economic policies, enforcing strict budget restrictions and bailing out the banks
As
of 2008, exports---industrial produce:92.7﹪;agricultural produce:5.8﹪ Clearly ,over the last forty years, Ireland has made the transition from a traditional agrarian economy to one both modern and industrial.
Summary
The EU makes a great difference in
Ireland ,including economy and social life The EU is a watershed in its history.
The
End
Reasons for Economy Growing
A population boom The reform of education The government had a conversion to market economics ------Ireland’s entrance into the EU in 1973
爱尔兰简介
国际学生机会
奖学金
爱尔兰政府和高等教育机构为国际学生提供丰富的奖学金和助学 金机会，以支持他们的学术追求。
文化交流
爱尔兰的高等教育机构积极开展国际合作，为学生提供交换生项目 和国际实习机会，促进跨文化交流和理解。
就业前景
爱尔兰的高等教育注重培养学生的实际技能和就业能力，国际学生 在爱尔兰毕业后有较好的就业前景和职业发展机会。
高等教育
大学教育
爱尔兰有五所公立大学 ，以及众多知名的私立 大学和学院，为学生提 供广泛的学科选择和课 程。
研究机会
爱尔兰的高等教育机构 注重研究工作，许多学 科领域的研究处于世界 领先地位，为学生提供 参与研究的机会。
学术氛围
爱尔兰的高等教育注重 学术自由和独立思考能 力的培养，鼓励学生发 挥创新精神，挑战传统 观念。
爱尔兰简介
汇报人： 2024-01-03
目录
• 爱尔兰历史 • 爱尔兰文化 • 爱尔兰地理与环境 • 爱尔兰经济 • 爱尔兰教育 • 爱尔兰旅游
01
爱尔兰历史
早期历史
01
02
03
凯尔特文明
爱尔兰的历史可以追溯到 公元前3000年左右的凯尔 特文明，当时爱尔兰岛居 住着塞尔特部落。
维京人入侵
8世纪开始，维京人多次 入侵爱尔兰，对爱尔兰文 化和政治产生了深远的影 响。
03
爱尔兰地理与环境
自然景观
美丽的海滩
爱尔兰有许多美丽的海滩，如都 柏林的塔拉莫尔海滩和斯莱戈的 海滩，这些海滩以其洁白的沙滩
和清澈的水而闻名。
壮丽的山脉
爱尔兰拥有壮丽的山脉，如本布尔 山和斯凯利山，这些山脉为徒步旅 行和登山爱好者提供了绝佳的场所 。
迷人的河流与湖泊
《翡翠之岛爱尔兰》课件
卫星通信
爱尔兰的卫星通信有着很高的 质量和范围，适用于广泛的应 用和领域。
爱尔兰的环保政策和可持续发展
爱尔兰的环保政策和可持续发展是世界上最好的之一，爱尔兰设定了很多环保政策、法规和规章，并且 非常注重环保和可持续发展。
可再生能源
爱尔兰非常注重可再生能源的 利用，尤其是风能、太阳能和 生物质能等方面的创新。
玛丽·罗宾逊
她是第一位女性总统，在任期 间致力于维护人权和公正。
皮尔斯·布鲁斯南
他是知名演员，主演过多部著 名影片，如金刚和詹姆斯·邦德 系列电影。
凯尔特人
凯尔特人是爱尔兰的原住民， 他们的文化在当今的爱尔兰仍 然很受欢迎。
爱尔兰的影视产业
爱尔兰有着丰富多彩的影视产业，吸引着越来越多的游客，如《威廉·华莱士》、《维京人》和《权力 的游戏》等。
爱尔兰的福利制度主要包括养老金、失业保险、疾病退休金和儿童福利金等。
爱尔兰的交通和通讯设施
爱尔兰的交通和通讯设施非常发达，包括公共交通、高速路网、机场和高速互联网等。
机场
爱尔兰有两个主要的机场，都 位于首都都柏林以外。这些机 场连接欧洲及其它地区的主要 城市。
公共交通
爱尔兰的公共交通系统包括地 铁、巴士和火车等，非常方便 并且价格合理。
爱尔兰音乐
乐器
爱尔兰传统音乐调子优美，表 现出爱尔兰文化和历史的特色。
在爱尔兰音乐中，琴、竖琴和 小提琴是最常用的乐器。
爱尔兰的体育文化
爱尔兰人非常喜欢运动，它们有着丰富多彩的体育文化，如高尔夫球、马术和足球等。
高尔夫球
无论您是一名新手还是一 名专业人士，爱尔兰的高 尔夫球场一定会让您流连 忘返。
翡翠之岛爱尔兰
欢迎来到翡翠之岛，这个风景如画的国家。爱尔兰的历史、文化和风景都值 得探索和欣赏。这篇PPT将让您了解这个神秘的国度和它的人民。
最新爱尔兰国家概况ppt课件
一. 国内经济(Domestic Economy)
❖ （一）自然资源： 铅锌矿储量丰富，是欧洲最大的铅
锌生产国。泥煤（peat）分布占全国面积的１３％。天然气 储量估计为３８２亿立方米。所需能源的７０％依靠进口。
❖ （二）交通运输：内陆交通运输以公路和铁路为主。 绝大多数国际贸易货物运输 由海运承担。主要港口有都柏林、 香农(Shannon) 、科克（Cork）等。主要有都柏林、香农
Ⅴ.文教与大众传媒（Education and Mass Media）
❖ 一.教育（Education）
中小学实行义务教育。著名高等学府有爱尔兰 国立大学（National University of Ireland）、 都柏林大学（Trinity College, Dublin）、利默 里克大学（University of Limerick）和都柏林 市大学（Dublin City University）等。
❖ 四.司法机构（Judiciary） 最高法院（Supreme Court）即终审法院为最高 司法机关，下设高等法院（High Court）、巡回 法院（Circuit Court）和地区法院（District Court）。法官由政府推荐，总统任命。另设特 别刑事法院（Special Criminal Court）。
爱尔兰国家概况
Introduction
❖ 国名：爱尔兰（Ireland） ❖ 独立日：１２月６日（１９２１
年） ❖ 国庆日：３月１７日圣帕特里克
日（St. Patrick‘s Day） ❖ 国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比
为２∶１。从左至右由绿、白、 橙三个平行相等的竖长方形组成。 ❖ 国徽：为盾徽。天蓝色的盾面上 绘有金黄色的竖琴。蓝色象征大 海和天空，竖琴为爱尔兰人民喜 爱的“天使之琴”。 ❖ 人口：３９２万（２００２年）。 绝大部分为爱尔兰人。居民９１. ６％信奉罗马天主教，其他居民 信奉基督教新教等。
爱尔兰国家介绍PPT
5.Irish Independence
5）Home Rule (地方自治)in 1914
In 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isaac Butt.The Home Rule Bill(自治法案) was finally passed in 1914.
Ireland
4.English invasion
1771 Henry VIII declared himself king of Ireland
Henry II,establish himself as overlord of Ireland
1541
1601 Queen Elizabeth I’s army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale the English sought to impose their Protestantism in the Irish colony 1800 from 16th century onward
2)During and after the Great Famine ① Who : People all over Ireland. ② Why : As a result of Great Famine. ③ Destination : The New World. ④ Result the immmediate result of Great Famine was a decimation of population,which about half its population lost.
Ireland 爱尔兰简介英文版PPT课件
• Cabbage, potatoes and meat are important to Irish cuisine
• Corned beef and Cabbage, potato pancakes
• Irish Beef Stew, Sheppard's Pie, Coddle
• Alcoholic Drinks: Guinness Beer, Irish cream
• A festive day for the Irish people, St. Patrick's Day is a festive public holiday the Republic of Ireland and also celebrated with much enthusiasm in places such as Canada, Great Britain, Australia, the United States and New Zealand.
5
Important historical events in Ireland
• 1. Bloody Sunday
• sometimes called the Bogside Massacre—was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, in whghts protesters and bystanders were shot by soldiers of the British Army.
history? • What is an important Irish holiday? • What do Irish people eat? • What are some national symbols of Ireland?
• Corned beef and Cabbage, potato pancakes
• Irish Beef Stew, Sheppard's Pie, Coddle
• Alcoholic Drinks: Guinness Beer, Irish cream
• A festive day for the Irish people, St. Patrick's Day is a festive public holiday the Republic of Ireland and also celebrated with much enthusiasm in places such as Canada, Great Britain, Australia, the United States and New Zealand.
5
Important historical events in Ireland
• 1. Bloody Sunday
• sometimes called the Bogside Massacre—was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, in whghts protesters and bystanders were shot by soldiers of the British Army.
history? • What is an important Irish holiday? • What do Irish people eat? • What are some national symbols of Ireland?
爱尔兰PPT
国旗爱尔兰国旗呈横长方形，长与宽之比为2:1。
从左至右由绿、白、橙三个平行相等的竖长方形组成。
绿色代表信仰天主教的爱尔兰人，也象征爱尔兰的绿色宝岛；橙色代表新教及其信徒，这一颜色还取意于奥伦治·拿骚宫的色彩，也表示尊贵和财富；白色象征天主教徒和新教派教徒之间永久休战、团结友爱，还象征对光明、自由、民主与和平的追求。
••国徽•爱尔兰国徽为盾徽，天蓝色的盾面上绘有金黄色的竖琴(Kláirseach)。
蓝色象征大海和天空，竖琴为爱尔兰人民喜爱的“天使之琴”。
••爱尔兰是一个西欧国家，西临大西洋东靠爱尔兰海（Muir éireann），与英国隔海相望，爱尔兰为北美通向欧洲的通道。
爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人，是欧洲大陆第一代居民的子嗣。
它有5000多年历史，是一个有着悠久历史的国家。
该国的风景非常美丽迷人。
尽管爱尔兰也有自己的语言——盖尔语（Gaeilge），但它却是欧洲除英国之外唯一一个英语国家。
爱尔兰共和国于1922年从英国殖民统治下独立出来，也是个和平宁静的国家。
爱尔兰北部被称为北爱尔兰，至今仍属于英国。
因此，爱尔兰共和国与电视新闻中经常出现的暴力冲突频频的北爱尔兰是有所不同的。
•爱尔兰可以指爱尔兰岛，位于欧洲西北部，大不列颠岛以西，大西洋以东的岛屿，该岛现在在政治上分为：爱尔兰共和国，独立国家，管辖其5/6的面积；北爱尔兰，英国的一部分，管辖其东北部1/6的面积。
•爱尔兰位于欧洲西部爱尔兰岛的中南部，西濒大西洋，东北与英国的北爱尔兰接壤，东隔爱尔兰海与英国相望，海岸线长3169公里，中部是丘陵和平原，沿海多为高地；最长的河流香侬河(Abha na Sionainne)长约370多公里，最大的湖泊为科里布湖(Loch Koilib)。
•商务礼俗•爱尔兰，谈公事要事先预约，但记住，爱尔兰人的时间观念不强。
如果应邀到爱尔兰人家中做客，可带一些鲜花或巧克力。
如果被邀请去吃饭，一瓶葡萄酒、一束鲜花、一些巧克力糖或奶酪等都是很合适的礼物。
英美概况 第二章爱尔兰国家概况
第二节 政治与经济 Politics and Economy 三 政治体制
① 宪法
【宪法】现行宪法于1937年6月14日经议会 通过，同年12月29日生效，后修改过10次。宪 法规定：爱尔兰国体为共和国，总统由选民直 接选举产生，任期7年，有权召集和解散议会， 任命内阁总理及部长，并任军队统帅。1999年 12月，根据爱英两国政府及北爱有关各方达成 的《北爱和平协议》，爱政府修改宪法，取消 了有关要求北爱领土主权的条款。 。
℃。
爱尔兰历史
爱尔兰历史概述
爱尔兰岛古为凯尔特人居住地。12世纪下半 叶英国入侵爱尔兰，1541年英王亨利成为爱尔兰 君主，1801年爱尔兰并入英国，成立不列颠及爱 尔兰联合王国。1912年爱尔兰一分为二，北方6 郡仍属英国，南部26郡成立自由邦。1937年爱尔 兰自由邦宣布为独立的共和国，1948年脱离英联 邦。目前北爱尔兰仍为英国所统治。 1949年英 国承认爱尔兰独立，但拒绝归还北部6郡。1955 年，爱尔兰加入联合国，1973年，爱尔兰加入欧 共体。1979年，爱尔兰与中国建立外交关系。
② 文化
a.
传媒
有全国性日报8种。此外还有5种星期日报及许多周报、月报和杂志，地方 性报纸90余种。主要报刊有《爱尔兰时报》（日发行量11.38万份）、 《爱尔兰独立报》（日发行量16.5万份）、《爱尔兰先驱晚报》（日发行 量11万份）和《观察者报》（日发行量6万份）。爱无官方通讯社。 爱尔兰广播电视总台于1926年成立并开始广播。1961年开始播放电视节 目。用英语播音。全年广播时间超过9500小时。另有爱尔兰语广播电台。
面积：爱尔兰的面积约为 7 万平方公里，由于全岛被 面积：
植被覆盖，故有“绿宝石岛”或“翡翠之国”的美誉
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6
Central Lowland
• The River Shannon, which traverses the central lowlands, is the longest river in Ireland at 386 km in length.
7
• In terms of geographical elevations, the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer, with a large central lowland comprised of limestone.
Ireland
1
• flag
• Amhrán na bhFiann" • Coat of arms
• The Soldier’s song
2
Land
• Area:
• 70 273 km²
• 5/6
• Total area: • 84 421km²
3
4
Hale Waihona Puke Emerald Isle• 12% of Ireland is forested.
• Official languages: Irish & English
• Ethnic groups: 87% Irish
•
13% other and unspecified
11
Religion in Republic of Ireland
Religion
Percent
Roman Catholicism
into Ireland. • In 12th century, Ireland was brought into
feudalism. • 1169, Englishmen invaded Ireland. • 1171, Ireland was conquered by Henry II.
13
• 1801.1.1-1922.12.6
9
Rainfall
• Rainfall is more prevalent during winter months and less so during the early months of summer.
• Western areas experience the most rainfall as a result of south westerly winds, while Dublin receives the least.
• Ireland is an intense green, or rather mixture of greens, which changes little between summer and winter; the grasslands flourish in all seasons.
8
Climate
15
• 1921.10.11-1921.12.6
• The Anglo-Irish Treaty
• 1922.12.6
• Irish Free State • ( a constitutional monarchy)
• 1949.4.18
• Ireland declared a republic. • ( a president)
by 30%.
14
Emigration
• 1 million Irish died of starvation and/or disease and another 1.5 million emigrated, particularly to the United States.
• This set the pattern of emigration for the century to come, resulting in a constant population decline up to the 1960s.
• Sunshine duration is highest in the southeast of the country.
10
People
• Population: 4.58 million in 2011 (119th)
• Density: 65.2/km²（142nd)
• Capital: Dublin
16
Economy
• Currency: Euro • GDP • Total: 175.1 billion (55th) • Per capita: 39 312 (15th) • Agriculture, high-tech industry, trade,
Protestantism
86.8% 5.4%
Other
5.4%
No religion
4.4%
12
History
• 3000 B.C., European settlers arrived Ireland. • 432 A.D., St. Patrick introduced Christianity
• Agriculture accounts for approximately 64% of total area.
5
Cliffs of Moher
• The western landscape mostly consists of rugged cliffs, hills and mountains.
• The island of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1845-1849
• the Great Famine • The island’s population of 8 million fell
• Due to a temperate oceanic climate, temperatures are seldom lower than −5 ℃ in winter or higher than 26 ℃in summer .
• The highest temperature recorded in Ireland was 33.3 ℃, while the lowest temperature recorded was −19.1 ℃.
Central Lowland
• The River Shannon, which traverses the central lowlands, is the longest river in Ireland at 386 km in length.
7
• In terms of geographical elevations, the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer, with a large central lowland comprised of limestone.
Ireland
1
• flag
• Amhrán na bhFiann" • Coat of arms
• The Soldier’s song
2
Land
• Area:
• 70 273 km²
• 5/6
• Total area: • 84 421km²
3
4
Hale Waihona Puke Emerald Isle• 12% of Ireland is forested.
• Official languages: Irish & English
• Ethnic groups: 87% Irish
•
13% other and unspecified
11
Religion in Republic of Ireland
Religion
Percent
Roman Catholicism
into Ireland. • In 12th century, Ireland was brought into
feudalism. • 1169, Englishmen invaded Ireland. • 1171, Ireland was conquered by Henry II.
13
• 1801.1.1-1922.12.6
9
Rainfall
• Rainfall is more prevalent during winter months and less so during the early months of summer.
• Western areas experience the most rainfall as a result of south westerly winds, while Dublin receives the least.
• Ireland is an intense green, or rather mixture of greens, which changes little between summer and winter; the grasslands flourish in all seasons.
8
Climate
15
• 1921.10.11-1921.12.6
• The Anglo-Irish Treaty
• 1922.12.6
• Irish Free State • ( a constitutional monarchy)
• 1949.4.18
• Ireland declared a republic. • ( a president)
by 30%.
14
Emigration
• 1 million Irish died of starvation and/or disease and another 1.5 million emigrated, particularly to the United States.
• This set the pattern of emigration for the century to come, resulting in a constant population decline up to the 1960s.
• Sunshine duration is highest in the southeast of the country.
10
People
• Population: 4.58 million in 2011 (119th)
• Density: 65.2/km²（142nd)
• Capital: Dublin
16
Economy
• Currency: Euro • GDP • Total: 175.1 billion (55th) • Per capita: 39 312 (15th) • Agriculture, high-tech industry, trade,
Protestantism
86.8% 5.4%
Other
5.4%
No religion
4.4%
12
History
• 3000 B.C., European settlers arrived Ireland. • 432 A.D., St. Patrick introduced Christianity
• Agriculture accounts for approximately 64% of total area.
5
Cliffs of Moher
• The western landscape mostly consists of rugged cliffs, hills and mountains.
• The island of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1845-1849
• the Great Famine • The island’s population of 8 million fell
• Due to a temperate oceanic climate, temperatures are seldom lower than −5 ℃ in winter or higher than 26 ℃in summer .
• The highest temperature recorded in Ireland was 33.3 ℃, while the lowest temperature recorded was −19.1 ℃.