【AP物理C】【真题】解答题C2005

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2005年高考物理试题及答案(全国3)

2005年高考物理试题及答案(全国3)

2005年高考理综北京卷物理部分第Ⅰ卷单项选择题14.下列关于热现象的说法,正确的是DA.外界对物体做功,物体的内能一定增加B.气体的温度升高,气体的压强一定增大C.任何条件下,热量都不会由低温物体传递到高温物体D.任何热机都不可能使燃料释放的热量完全转化为机械能15.在下列各组的两个现象中都表现出光具有波动性的是CA.光的折射现象、色散现象B.光的反射现象、干涉现象C.光的衍射现象、偏振现象D.光的直线传播现象、光电效应现象16.为纪念爱因斯坦对物理学的巨大贡献,联合国将2005年定为“国际物理年”。

对于爱因斯坦提出的质能方程E=mc2,下列说法中不正确的是DA.E=mc2表明物体具有的能量与其质量成正比B.根据ΔE=Δmc2可计算核反应的能量C.一个质子和一个中子结合成一个氘核时释放能量,表明此过程出现了质量亏损D.E=mc2中的E是发生核反应中释放的核能17.一列简谐机械横波某时刻的波形图如图所示,波源的平衡位置坐标为x=0。

当波源质点处于其平衡位置上方且向下运动时,介质中平衡位置坐标x=2m的质点所处位置及运动情况是AA.在其平衡位置下方且向上运动B.在其平衡位置下方且向下运动C.在其平衡位置上方且向上运动D.在其平衡位置上方且向下运动18.正弦交流电源与电阻R、交流电压表按图1所示的方式连接,R=100Ω,交流表的示数是10V。

图2是交变电源输出电压u随时间t变化的图象,则AA.通过R 的电流i R 随时间t 变化的规律是i R = 2 cos100πt (A)B.通过R 的电流i R 随时间t 变化的规律是i R = 2 cos50πt (A)C.R 两端的电压u R 随时间t 变化的规律是u R =5 2 cos100πt (V)D.R 两端的电压u R 随时间t 变化的规律是u R =5 2 cos50πt (V)19.一人看到闪电12.3s 后又听到雷声。

已知空气中的声速约为330m/s~340m/s ,光速为3×108m/s ,于是他用12.3除以3很快估算出闪电发生位置到他的距离为4.1km 。

2005年全国高考各省物理试题集

2005年全国高考各省物理试题集

2005年全国高考物理试题全集12套(一)目录2005年高考物理试题上海卷 (2)2005年上海物理参考答案 (8)2005年高考广东物理试题 (10)2005年高考广东物理试题参考答案及评分标准 (14)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理科综合试卷 (20)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理综试卷参考答案 (21)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷) (24)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷)参考答案 272005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分) (29)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分)参考答案 (30)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)(物理部分) (31)2005年高考物理试题上海卷一.(20分)填空题.本大题共5小题,每小题4分.答案写在题中横线上的空白处或指定位置,不要求写出演算过程.本大题中第l、2、3小题为分叉题。

分A、B两类,考生可任选一类答题.若两类试题均做。

一律按A类题计分.A类题(适合于使用一期课改教材的考生)1A.通电直导线A与圆形通电导线环B固定放置在同一水平面上,通有如图所示的电流时,通电直导线A受到水平向___的安培力作用.当A、B中电流大小保持不变,但同时改变方向时,通电直导线A所受到的安培力方向水平向____.、S2发出的波的波峰位置,2A.如图所示,实线表示两个相干波源S则图中的_____点为振动加强的位置,图中的_____点为振动减弱的位置.3A.对“落体运动快慢”、“力与物体运动关系”等问题,亚里士多德和伽利略存在着不同的观点.请完成下表:B类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)2B.正弦交流电是由闭合线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动产生的.线圈中感应电动势随时间变化的规律如图所示,则此感应电动势的有效值为____V,频率为____Hz.3B.阴极射线是从阴极射线管的阴极发出的高速运动的粒子流,这些微观粒子是_____.若在如图所示的阴极射线管中部加上垂直于纸面向里的磁场,阴极射线将_____(填“向上”“向下”“向里”“向外”)偏转.公共题(全体考生必做) B类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)4.如图,带电量为+q的点电荷与均匀带电薄板相距为2d,点电荷到带电薄板的垂线通过板的几何中心.若图中a点处的电场强度为零,根据对称性,带电薄板在图中b点处产生的电场强度大小为______,方向______.(静电力恒量为k)5.右图中图线①表示某电池组的输出电压一电流关系,图线②表示其输出功率一电流关系.该电池组的内阻为_____Ω.当电池组的输出功率为120W 时,电池组的输出电压是_____V .二.(40分)选择题.本大题共8小题,每小题5分.每小题给出的四个答案中,至少有一个是正确的.把正确答案全选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内.每一小题全选对的得5分;选对但不全,得部分分;有选错或不答的,得O 分.填写在方括号外的字母,不作为选出的答案. 6.2005年被联合国定为“世界物理年”,以表彰爱因斯坦对科学的贡献.爱因斯坦对物理学的贡献有(A)创立“相对论”. (B)发现“X 射线”.(C)提出“光子说”.(D)建立“原子核式模型”.7.卢瑟福通过实验首次实现了原子核的人工转变,核反应方程为4141712781He N O H +→+,下列说法中正确的是(A)通过此实验发现了质子. (B)实验中利用了放射源放出的γ射线.(C)实验中利用了放射源放出的α射线. (D)原子核在人工转变过程中,电荷数可能不守恒. 8.对如图所示的皮带传动装置,下列说法中正确的是(A)A 轮带动B 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (B)B 轮带动A 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (C)C 轮带动D 轮沿顺时针方向旋转. (D)D 轮带动C 轮沿顺时针方向旋转.9.如图所示,A 、B 分别为单摆做简谐振动时摆球的不同位置.其中,位置A 为摆球摆动的最高位置,虚线为过悬点的竖直线.以摆球最低位置为重力势能零点,则摆球在摆动过程中 (A)位于B 处时动能最大.(B)位于A 处时势能最大.(C)在位置A 的势能大于在位置B 的动能. (D)在位置B 的机械能大于在位置A 的机械能.10.如图所示的塔吊臂上有一可以沿水平方向运动的小车A ,小车下装有吊着物体B 的吊钩.在小车A与物体B 以相同的水平速度沿吊臂方向匀速运动的同时,吊钩将物体B 向上吊起,A 、B 之间的距离以22d H r =- (SI)(SI 表示国际单位制,式中H 为吊臂离地面的高度)规律变化,则物体做(A)速度大小不变的曲线运动. (B)速度大小增加的曲线运动. (C)加速度大小方向均不变的曲线运动. (D)加速度大小方向均变化的曲线运动.11.如图所示,A 是长直密绕通电螺线管.小线圈B 与电流表连接,并沿A 的轴线OX 从D 点自左向右匀速穿过螺线管A .能正确反映通过电流表中电流,随工变化规律的是12.在场强大小为E 的匀强电场中,一质量为m 、带电量为q 的物体以某一初速沿电场反方向做匀减速直线运动,其加速度大小为0.8qE/m ,物体运动S 距离时速度变为零.则 (A)物体克服电场力做功qES (B)物体的电势能减少了0.8qES (C)物体的电势能增加了qES (D)物体的动能减少了0.8qES13.A 、B 两列波在某时刻的波形如图所示,经过t =T A 时间(T A 为波A 的周期),两波再次出现如图波形,则两波的波速之比VA :VB 可能是 (A)1:3 (B)1:2 (C)2:1(D)3:1三.(32分)实验题.14.(6分)部分电磁波的大致波长范围如图所示.若要利用缝宽与手指宽度相当的缝获得明显的衍射现象,可选用___________波段的电磁波,其原因是_______________________________________________________。

2005年上海高考物理卷(含答案)

2005年上海高考物理卷(含答案)

2005年高考物理试题上海卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号、校验码等填写清楚.2.本试卷共10页,满分150分.考试时间120分钟.考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上.3.本试卷一、四大题中,小题序号后标有字母A 的试题,适合于使用一期课改教材的考生;标有字母B 的试题适合于使用二期课改教材的考生;其它未标字母A 或B 的试题为全体考生必做的试题.不同大题可以选择不同的A 类或B 类试题,但同一大题的选择必须相同.若在同一大题内同时选做A 类、B 类两类试题,阅卷时只以A 类试题计分.4.第19、20、2l 、22、23题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤.只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的,不能得分.有关物理量的数值计算问题,答案中 一.(20分)填空题.本大题共5小题,每小题4分.答案写在题中横线上的空白处或指定位置,不要求写出演算过程.本大题中第l 、2、3小题为分叉题。

分A 、B 两类,考生可任选一类答题.若两类试题均做。

一律按A 类题计分.A 类题(适合于使用一期课改教材的考生)1A .通电直导线A 与圆形通电导线环B 固定放置在同一水平面上,通有如图所示的电流时,通电直导线A 受到水平向___的安培力作用.当A 、B 中电流大小保持不变,但同时改变方向时,通电直导线A 所受到的安培力方向水平向____.2A .如图所示,实线表示两个相干波源S 1、S 2发出的波的波峰位置,则图中的_____点为振动加强的位置,图中的_____点为振动减弱的位置.3A .对“落体运动快慢”、“力与物体运动关系”等问题,亚里士多德和伽利略存在着不同的观点.请完成下表:B 类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)1B .右面是逻辑电路图及其真值表,此逻辑电路为__门电路,在真值表中X 处的逻辑值为______.2B .正弦交流电是由闭合线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动产生的.线圈中感应电动势随时间变化的规律如图所示,则此感应电动势的有效值为____V ,频率为____Hz .3B .阴极射线是从阴极射线管的阴极发出的高速运动的粒子流,这些微观粒子是_____.若在如图所示的阴极射线管中部加上垂直于纸面向里的磁场,阴极射线将_____(填“向上”“向下”“向里”“向外”)偏转.公共题(全体考生必做) B 类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)4.如图,带电量为+q 的点电荷与均匀带电薄板相距为2d ,点电荷到带电薄板的垂线通过板的几何中心.若图中a 点处的电场强度为零,根据对称性,带电薄板在图中b 点处产生的电场强度大小为______,方向______.(静电力恒量为k)5.右图中图线①表示某电池组的输出电压一电流关系,图线②表示其输出功率一电流关系.该电池组的内阻为_____Ω.当电池组的输出功率为120W 时,电池组的输出电压是_____V . 二.(40分)选择题.本大题共8小题,每小题5分.每小题给出的四个答案中,至少有一个是正确的.把正确答案全选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内.每一小题全选对的得5分;选对但不全,得部分分;有选错或不答的,得O 分.填写在方括号外的字母,不作为选出的答案. 6.2005年被联合国定为“世界物理年”,以表彰爱因斯坦对科学的贡献.爱因斯坦对物理学的贡献有、(A)创立“相对论”. (B)发现“X 射线”. (C)提出“光子说”.(D)建立“原子核式模型”.7.卢瑟福通过实验首次实现了原子核的人工转变,核反应方程为4141712781He N O H +→+,下列说法中正确的是 (A)通过此实验发现了质子.(B)实验中利用了放射源放出的γ射线. (C)实验中利用了放射源放出的α射线.(D)原子核在人工转变过程中,电荷数可能不守恒. 8.对如图所示的皮带传动装置,下列说法中正确的是 (A)A 轮带动B 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (B)B 轮带动A 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (C)C 轮带动D 轮沿顺时针方向旋转. (D)D 轮带动C 轮沿顺时针方向旋转.9.如图所示,A 、B 分别为单摆做简谐振动时摆球的不同位置.其中,位置A 为摆球摆动的最高位置,虚线为过悬点的竖直线.以摆球最低位置为重力势能零点,则摆球在摆动过程中(A)位于B 处时动能最大.(B)位于A 处时势能最大.(C)在位置A 的势能大于在位置B 的动能. (D)在位置B 的机械能大于在位置A 的机械能.10.如图所示的塔吊臂上有一可以沿水平方向运动的小车A ,小车下装有吊着物体B 的吊钩.在小车A 与物体B 以相同的水平速度沿吊臂方向匀速运动的同时,吊钩将物体B 向上吊起,A 、B 之间的距离以22d H r =- (SI)(SI 表示国际单位制,式中H 为吊臂离地面的高度)规律变化,则物体做(A)速度大小不变的曲线运动. (B)速度大小增加的曲线运动. (C)加速度大小方向均不变的曲线运动. (D)加速度大小方向均变化的曲线运动.11.如图所示,A 是长直密绕通电螺线管.小线圈B 与电流表连接,并沿A 的轴线OX 从D 点自左向右匀速穿过螺线管A .能正确反映通过电流表中电流,随工变化规律的是12.在场强大小为E 的匀强电场中,一质量为m 、带电量为q 的物体以某一初速沿电场反方向做匀减速直线运动,其加速度大小为0.8qE/m ,物体运动S 距离时速度变为零.则 (A)物体克服电场力做功qES (B)物体的电势能减少了0.8qES (C)物体的电势能增加了qES (D)物体的动能减少了0.8qES13.A 、B 两列波在某时刻的波形如图所示,经过t =T A 时间(T A 为波A 的周期),两波再次出现如图波形,则两波的波速之比V A :V B 可能是 (A)1:3(B)1:2 (C)2:1 (D)3:114.(6分)部分电磁波的大致波长范围如图所示.若要利用缝宽与手指宽度相当的缝获得明显的衍射现象,可选用___________波段的电磁波,其原因是________________________________________。

2005北京高考物理试题及解析答案

2005北京高考物理试题及解析答案

2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合物理部分试题(北京卷)14.下列关于热现象的说法,正确的是 A .外界对物体做功,物体的内能一定增加 B .气体的温度升高,气体的压强一定增大C .任何条件下,热量都不会由低温物体传递到高温物体D .任何热机都不可能使燃料释放的热量完全转化为机械能 15.在下列各组的两个现象中都表现出光具有波动性的是A .光的折射现象、色散现象B .光的反射现象、干涉现象C .光的衍射现象、偏振现象D .光的直线传播现象、光电效应现象16.为纪念爱因斯坦对物理学的巨大贡献,联合国将2005年定为“国际物理年”。

对于爱因斯坦提出的质能方程E=mc 2,下列说法中不正确的是 A .E =mc 2表明物体具有的能量与其质量成正比 B .根据ΔE =Δmc 2可计算核反应的能量C .一个质子和一个中子结合成一个氘核时释放能量,表明此过程出现了质量亏损D .E =mc 2中的E 是发生核反应中释放的核能17.一列简谐机械横波某时刻的波形图如图所示,波源的平衡位置坐标为x =0。

当波源质点处于其平衡位置上方且向下运动时,介质中平衡位置坐标x =2m 的质点所处位置及运动情况是 A .在其平衡位置下方且向上运动 B ..在其平衡位置下方且向下运动 C .在其平衡位置上方且向上运动 D .在其平衡位置上方且向下运动18.正弦交流电源与电阻R 、交流电压表按图1所示的方式连接,R =100Ω,交流表的示数是10V 。

图2是交变电源输出电压u 随时间t 变化的图象,则1A .通过R 的电流i R 随时间t 变化的规律是i R = 2 cos100πt (A)B .通过R 的电流i R 随时间t 变化的规律是i R = 2 cos50πt (A)C .R 两端的电压u R 随时间t 变化的规律是u R =5 2 cos100πt (V)D .R 两端的电压u R 随时间t 变化的规律是u R =5 2 cos50πt (V)19.一人看到闪电12.3s 后又听到雷声。

2005高考试题及答案

2005高考试题及答案

2005高考试题及答案一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列哪项不是细胞的基本结构?A. 细胞膜B. 细胞质C. 细胞核D. 细胞壁答案:D2. 光合作用中,光能转化为化学能的场所是:A. 叶绿体B. 线粒体C. 核糖体D. 内质网答案:A3. 以下哪个选项是正确的化学方程式?A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2OB. 2H2 + O2 → 2HOC. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O2D. 2H2 + O2 → H2O + H2O2答案:A4. 根据牛顿第三定律,以下说法正确的是:A. 作用力和反作用力大小相等,方向相反B. 作用力和反作用力大小不相等,方向相反C. 作用力和反作用力大小相等,方向相同D. 作用力和反作用力大小不相等,方向相同答案:A5. 在下列选项中,哪一项是正确的物理量单位?A. 速度的单位是米每秒(m/s)B. 质量的单位是千克(kg)C. 力的单位是牛顿(N)D. 所有选项都是正确的答案:D6. 下列关于DNA复制的描述,错误的是:A. DNA复制是半保留性的B. DNA复制需要DNA聚合酶C. DNA复制发生在细胞分裂间期D. DNA复制是全保留性的答案:D7. 以下哪个选项是正确的化学反应速率?A. 反应速率与反应物浓度无关B. 反应速率与温度无关C. 反应速率与催化剂无关D. 所有选项都是错误的答案:D8. 以下哪个选项是正确的电磁波谱?A. 无线电波、微波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X射线、伽马射线B. 无线电波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X射线、伽马射线、微波C. 微波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X射线、伽马射线、无线电波D. 微波、无线电波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X射线、伽马射线答案:A9. 以下哪个选项是正确的元素周期表的排列规律?A. 按照原子序数递增排列B. 按照原子量递增排列C. 按照电子数递增排列D. 按照质子数递增排列答案:A10. 下列哪项不是生态系统中的生产者?A. 植物B. 动物C. 藻类D. 细菌答案:B二、填空题(每题5分,共30分)1. 细胞膜的主要组成成分是________和________。

ap物理c】真题】解答题c2000

ap物理c】真题】解答题c2000

【AP物理C】【真题】解答题C2000AP? Physics C2000 Free response QuestionsThe mat erials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program?. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials, electronically or ot herwise. These mat erials and any copies made of t hem may not be resold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service? (ETS?), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membershipassociation dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association iscomposed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3, 500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning・ Among its best-known programs are the SAT?, the PSAT/NMSQT?, and the Advanced Placement Program? (AP?). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that comm it men t is embodied in allof its programs, services, activities, and concerns.API EL is a trademark owned by the College Ent rance Examination Board・ PSAT/NMSQT is a registeted trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board.All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.(2000 Ml) You are conducting an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity gu at an unknown location. In the measurement apparatus, a simple pendulum swings past a photogate located at the pendulum^ s lowest point, which records the time tlO for the pendulum to undergo 10 full oscillations. The pendulum consists of a sphere of mass m at the end of a st ring and has a leng th 1. There are four versions of this apparatus, each with a different length. All four are at the unknown location, and the data shown below are sent to you during the experiment.tio T T2 ? (s) (s) (s2) (cm) 12 18 21 32 a. For each pendulum, calculate the period T and the square of the period. Use a reasonable number of signifies nt figures. Enter these results in the table above.b.On the axes below, plot the square of the period versus the length of the pendulum. Draw a best-fit straight linefor this data. c. Assuming that each pendulum undergoessmall amplitude oscillations, from your fit determine the experimental value gexp of the acceleration due to gravity at this unknown location. Justify your answer.d.If the measurement apparatus allows a determination of gexp that is accurate to within 4%, is your experimentalvalue in agreement with the value m/s2 ? Justify your answer.e.Someone informs you that the experimental appara tus is in fac t neat Ear th's surface, but that the experiment hasbeen conducted inside an elevator with a constant acceleration a. Assuming that your experimental value g is exact, determine the magnitude and direction of the elevatoH s acceleration.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registeted trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistiveforce caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a constant drag coefficient and v is the instantaneous speed of the ball. The drag coeff icie nt b is direc tly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.a.On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some instant before it reaches terminal speed.b.State whether the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the sameas the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.c.Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, thegiven quantities, and fundamentai constants.d.Det ermine the terminal speed vt in t erms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.e.Determine the energy dissipated by the drag force during the fall if the ball is released at height h and reachesits terminal speed before hitting the ground, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.2000M3・ A pulley of radius R1 and rotational inertiaII is mounted on an axle with negligible friction. A light cord passing over the pulley has two blocks of mass m attached to either end, as shown above. Assume that the cord does not slip on the pulley. Det ermine the answers to parts (a) and (b) in t erms of m, Rl, II, and fundamental constants, a. Determine the tension T in the cord.b.One block is now removed from the right and hung on the left・ When the system is released from rest, the threeblocks on the left accelerate downward with an accelera tion g/3 • Det ermine the following, i. The tension T3 in the section of cord supporting the three blocks on the left ii. The tension T1 in the section of cord supporting the single block on the right iii. The rotational inertia II of the pulleyCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the CollegeEntrance Examination Board.c.The blocks are now removed and the cord is tied into a loop, which is passed around the original pulley and asecond pulley of radius 2R1 and rotational inertia 1611. The axis of the original pulley is attached to a motor that rotates it at angular speed ?1, which in turn causes the larger pulley to rotate. The loop does not slip on the pulleys. Det ermine the following in terms of II, RI, and ?1. i. The angular speed ?2 of the larger pulleyii. The angular momentum L2 of the larger pulley iii. The totai kinetic energy of the system2000E1. Lightbulbs A, B, and C are connected in the circuit shown above.a.List the bulbs in order of t heir brigh tn ess, from brightest to least bright・ If any bulbs have the same brightness,state which ones. Justify your answer.Now a switch S and a mH indue tor are added to the circuit; as shown above. The switch is closed at time t二0・b.Det ermine the curre nts IA, IB, and IC for the following times. i. Immediately after the switch is closedii. A long time after the switch is closedCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.c.On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference VL across the inductor as a function of time,from immediately after the switch is closed untila long time after the switch is closed.d.Now consider a similar circuit with an uncharged ?F capacitor instead of the induetor, as shown above. Theswitch is again closed at time t 二0・ On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference Vcap across the capacitor as a function of time, from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.2000E2・Three particles, A, B, and C, have equal positive charges Q and are held in place at the vertices of anequilater&l triangle with sides of length 1, as shown in the figures below. The dot ted lines represe nt the bisec tors for each side. The base of the t riangle lies on the x-axis, and the altitude of the triangle lies on the y-axis.a.i.Point Pl, the intersection of the three bisec to rs, loca tes the geometric center of the triangle and is one pointwhere the electrie field is zero. On Figure 1 above, draw the elec trie field vec tors EA, EB, and EC at P, due to each of the three charges. Be sure your arrows are drawn to reflect the relative magnitude of the fields・ii.Another poi nt where the elec trie field is zero ispoint P2 at (0, y2). On Figure 2 above, draw electrie field vectors EA, EB, and EC at P2 due to each of the three point charges. Indicate below whether the magnitude of each of these vectors is greater than, less than, or the same as for point Pl.EA EB EC Greater than at Pl Less than at Pl The same as at Pl b. Explain why the x-component of the total electric field is zero at any point on the y-axis.c.Write a general expression for the electrie potential V at any point on the y-axis inside the trianglein terms of Q,1, and y.d.Describe how the answer to part (c) could be used to determine the y-coordinates of points Pl and P2 at whichthe electric field is zero. (You do not need toactually determine these coordinates.)Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.2000E3. A capacitor consists of two conducting, coaxial, cylindrical shells of radius a and b, respec ti vely, and leng th L » b. The space bet ween the cylinders is filled with oil that has a dielectric constant K .Initially bothcylinders are uncharged, but then a battery is used to charge the capacitor, leaving a charge +Q on the inner cylinder and -Q on the outer cylinder, as shown above. Let r be the radial distance from the axis of the capacitor.ing Gauss,s 1aw, determine the electrie field midway along the length of the cylinder for the following valuesof r, in t erms of the given qua ntities and fundamental constants. Assume end effects are negligible. i.a b. Determine the following in terms of the givenquantities and fundamentai constants.i. The potential difference across the capacitor ii. The capacitance of this capacitorc.Now the capacitot is discharged and the oil is drained from it. As shown above, a battery of emf ? is connectedto opposite ends of the inner cylinder and a battery of emf 3? is connected to opposite ends of the outer cylinder. Each cylinder has resistance R. Assume that end effects and the contributions to the magnetic field from the wires are negligible. Using Ampere" s law, determine the magnitude Bof the magnetic field midway along the length of the cylinders due to the current in the cylinders for the following values of r. i. a Copyrigh t ? 2000 by College Ent rance Examina tion Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.AP? Physics C2000 Free response QuestionsThe mat erials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program?. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials,electronically or otherwise. These mat erials and any copies made of t hem may not be resold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service? (ETS?), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Education&l Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association iscomposed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents,22,000 high schools, and 3, 500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching andlearning・ Among its best-known programs are the SAT?, the PSAT/NMSQT?, and the Advanced Placement Program? (AP?). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.API EL is a trademark owned by the College Ent rance Examination Board・PSAT/NMSQT is a registeted trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.(2000 Ml) You are conducting an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity gu at an unknown location. In the measurement apparatus, a simple pendulum swings past a photogate located at the pendulum^ s lowest point, which records the time tlO for the pendulum to undergo 10 fulloscillations. The pendulum consists of a sphere of mass m at the end of a st ring and has a length 1. There are four versions of this apparatus, each with a different length. All four are at the unknown location, and the data shown below are sent to you during the experiment.tio T T2 ? (s) (s) (s2) (cm) 12 18 21 32 a. For each pendulum, calculate the period T and the square of the period. Use a reasonable number of significant figures. Enter these results in the table above.b.On the axes below, plot the square of the period versus the length of the pendulum. Draw a best-fit straight linefor this data. c. Assuming that each pendulum undergoes small amplitude oscillations, from your fit determine the experimentai value gexp of the acceleration due to gravity at this unknown location. Justify your answer.d.If the measurement apparatus allows a determination of gexp that is accurate to within 4%, is your experimentalvalue in agreement with the value m/s2 ? Justify your answer.e.S omeone informs you that the experimental apparatus isin fact near Earth^ s surface, but that the experiment has been conducted inside an elevator with a constant acceleration a. Assuming that your experimentai value g is exact, determine the magnitude and direction of the elevatoH s acceleration.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistive force caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a const&nt drag coefficient and v is the instantaneous speed of the ball. The drag coefficient b is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.a.On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some inst&nt before it reaches terminal speed.b.State whether the magnitude of theacceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the sameas the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.c.Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, thegiven quantities, and fundamentai constants.d・Determine the terminal speed vt in terms ofthe given quantities and fundamental constants.e. Determine the energy dissipated by the drag force during the fall if the ball is released at height h and reachesits terminal speed before hitting the ground, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.2000M3・ A pulley of radius R1 and rotational inertiaII is mounted on an axle with negligible friction. A light cord passing over the pulley has two blocks of mass m attached to either end, as shown above. Assume that the cord does not slip on the pulley.Determine the answers to parts (a) and (b) in terms of m, Rl, II, and fundamental constants. a. Determine the tension T in the cord.b.One block is now removed from the right and hung on the left・ When the system is released from rest, the threeblocks on the left accelerate downward with an accelera tion g/3 • Det ermine the followin g, i. The tension T3 in the section of cord supporting the three blocks on the left ii. The tension T1 in the section of cord supporting the single block on the right iii. The rotation&l inertia II of the pulleyCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.c.The blocks are now removed and the cord is tied into a loop, which is passed around the original pulley and asecond pulley of radius 2R1 and rotational inertia 1611. The axis of the original pulley is attached to a motor that rotates it at angular speed ?1, which in turn causes the larger pulley to rotate. The loop does not slip on the pulleys.Det ermine the following in terms of II, RI, and ?1. i. The angular speed ?2 of the larger pulleyii. The angular momentum L2 of the larger pulley iii. The total kinetic energy of the system2000E1. Lightbulbs A, B, and C are connected in the circuit shown above.a.List the bulbs in order of t heir brigh tn ess, from brightest to least bright. If any bulbs have the same brightness,state which ones. Justify your answer.Now a switch S and a mH indue tor are added to the circuit; as shown above. The switch is closed at time t 二0.b.Det ermine the curre nts IA, IB, and IC for the following times. i. Immediately after the switch is closed ii. A long time after the switch is closedCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.c.On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of thepotenti&l difference VL across the inductor as a function of time,from immediately after the switch is closed unt订a long time after the switch is closed.d.Now consider a similar circuit with an uncharged ?F capacitor instead of the inductor, as shown above. Theswitch is again closed at time t = 0. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference Vcap across the capacitor as a function of time, from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT,and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of theCollege Entrance Examination Board.。

2005年全国2卷物理答案

2005年全国2卷物理答案

2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅱ卷)14.B【解析】对物体进行受力分析,如图所示,由牛顿第二定律得mgsinθ−Fcosθ=ma有a=gsinθ−Fcosθm,所以当F逐渐减小时,物体的加速度一定变大,故B正确.15.AD【解析】由折射定律n=sinisinr可知,两单光的入射角相同,但a折射角小,所以n a>n b,又由光在介质中的传播速度公式v=cn可知,v a<v b,故AD正确.16.AC【解析】等压压缩时,外界对气体做功,由热力学第二定律ΔU=W+Q知,如果其他对外界放热,且放出的热量大于外界对气体做的功,则ΔU<0,气体温度降低,故A正确;同理可判断C正确,BD错误.17.C【解析】从能级图可以知道一群氢原子从处于第四能级向低能级跃迁时最多可以发出6种不同频率的光子来,由能级中给出的能量可以知道从第四能级跃迁到第三能级和从第三能级跃迁到第二能级时发出光子的能量比2.22eV小,只有这两种情况不能打出光子来,所以共有四种情况可以从金属表面打出光电子来,故C正确.18.BD【解析】由牛顿第二定律知,月地间相互作用的万有引力是提供月球绕地球做圆周运动的向心力,由F=G m1m2R2=m24π2T2R可以求出地球的质量,但不能求出月球的质量,故A错误B正确;R是月地间的距离,地球的半径也不可能求出,故C错误;由v=2πRT可知能求出月球绕地球的运行的速度大小,故D正确.19.AD【解析】从波的图形中可以直接读出波长为4cm,但不能读出周期,故A正确,B错误;从传播方向可以判断出各点在这一时刻的各质点速度方向,从而知道经过四分之一周期后的质元位置和速度,故C错误,D正确.20.C【解析】由右手定则或楞次定律可以确定开始时刻感应电流的方向从c→d→a→b→c,与规定的正方向相同,而且该时刻感应电流为最大,故C正确.21.ACD【解析】由点电荷产生电场的叠加及正负电荷产生电场方向,以及利用用平行四边形定则来确定合场强的方向,四种情况如图所示,分析可知ACD正确.22.(1)42.12;(2)①连线如图所示;②43.【解析】(1)主尺读数为4.2cm=42mm,游标尺上第6个刻度和主尺上某一刻度对齐,游标尺读数为6×0.02mm=0.12mm,故读数为42mm+6×0.02mm=42.12mm.(2)①连线如图所示;②由闭合电路欧姆定律得,当开关K1闭合、K2断开时,E=I1(R1+R A+R2),当K1、K2均闭合时,E=I2(R1+R A)将数据代入得R A=43Ω.23.Fℎ−12(m A+m B)v2−m B gℎ.【解析】由题意知,在此运动过程中,B的重力势能的增量为m B gℎ,A、B动能的增量为12(m A+m B)v2,恒力F 所做的功为Fℎ,用W表示A克服摩擦力所做的功,由功能关系得Fℎ−W=12(m A+m B)v2+m B gℎ,解得W=Fℎ−12(m A+m B)v2−m B gℎ.24.见解析.【解析】已知带电质点受到的电场力为qE,方向沿z轴正方向;质点受到的重力为mg,沿z轴的负方向.假设质点在x轴上做匀速运动,则它受的洛伦兹力必沿z轴正方向(当v沿x轴正方向)或沿z轴负方向(当v沿x轴负方向),要质点做匀速运动必分别有qvB+qE=mg①,或qE=qvB+mg②;假设质点在y轴上做匀速运动,则无论沿y轴正方向还是负方向,洛伦兹力都为0,要质点做匀速运动必有qE=mg③;假设质点在z轴上做匀速运动,则它受的洛伦兹力必平行于z轴,而电场力和重力都平行于z轴,三力的合力不可能为0,与假设矛盾,故质点不可能在z轴上做匀速t运动.25.12μg(MLm√g2ℎ−v0)2.【解析】设t为A从离开桌面至落地经历的时间,V表示刚碰后A的速度,A碰后做平抛运动,由平抛运动的规律得ℎ=12gt2①,L=Vt②,设v为刚碰后B的速度的大小,由动量守恒得mv0=MV−mv③,设B后退的距离为l,由功能关系得μmgl=12mv2④,由以上各式联立解得l=12μg (MLm√g2ℎ−v0)2⑤.。

【AP物理C】【真题】2005年电磁学解答题答案

【AP物理C】【真题】2005年电磁学解答题答案

AP® Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism2005 Scoring GuidelinesThe College Board: Connecting Students to College SuccessThe College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,700 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three and a half million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.Copyright © 2005 by College Board. All rights reserved. College Board, AP Central, APCD, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Vertical Teams, Pre-AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service, CollegeEd, Connect to college success, MyRoad, SAT Professional Development, SAT Readiness Program, and Setting the Cornerstones are trademarks owned by the College Entrance Examination Board.PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: /inquiry/cbpermit.html.Visit the College Board on the Web: .AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program and Pre-AP: .AP® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESGeneral Notes About 2005 AP Physics Scoring Guidelines1. The solutions contain the most common method(s) of solving the free-response questions and theallocation of points for these solutions. Other methods of solution also receive appropriate credit for correct work.2. Generally, double penalty for errors is avoided. For example, if an incorrect answer to part (a) iscorrectly substituted into an otherwise correct solution to part (b), full credit will usually be awarded.One exception to this may be cases when the numerical answer to a later part should be easilyrecognized as wrong, e.g., a speed faster than the speed of light in vacuum.3. Implicit statements of concepts normally receive credit. For example, if use of the equation expressing aparticular concept is worth one point, and a student’s solution contains the application of that equation to the problem but the student does not write the basic equation, the point is still awarded.2g,but use of9.8m s=4. The scoring guidelines typically show numerical results using the value210m s is of course also acceptable.5. Numerical answers that differ from the published answer due to differences in rounding throughout thequestion typically receive full credit. The exception is usually when rounding makes a difference in obtaining a reasonable answer. For example, suppose a solution requires subtracting two numbers that should have five significant figures and that differ starting with the fourth digit (e.g., 20.295 and20.278). Rounding to three digits will lose the accuracy required to determine the difference in thenumbers, and some credit may be lost.Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).2AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 115 points total Distribution of points Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).(a)(i) 2 pointsFor indicating that the electric field magnitude is greatest at point C 1 point For a correct justification 1 point For example: Field lines are drawn closer together where the field is greater. Note: No credit was awarded for the justification if an incorrect point was chosen.(ii) 2 pointsFor indicating that the electric potential is greatest at point A 1 point For a correct justification 1 pointFor example: The field along is toward the right. The field points in thedirection of decreasing potential, so A must be at the highest potential.0.6 m y = Note: No credit was awarded for the justification if an incorrect point was chosen. (b)(i) 4 pointsFor indicating that the electron moves to the left, stated explicitly or implied 1 point For indicating that the speed increases 1 point For indicating that the acceleration is directed to the left, stated explicitly or implied 1 point For indicating that the magnitude of the acceleration decreases 1 point Example of a good answer: The force on an electron is opposite to the field, so it will move left. The field is weaker to the left so the acceleration will decrease. As long as there is a force on the electron, its speed will continue to increase to the left.(ii) 3 pointsFor using conservation of energy with U q V = 1 point 21 2m q u D =Vu = For correct substitution of values into either equation above 1 pointu =For the correct answer1 point 61.910 m s u =¥Note: Substitution point was awarded if correct answer was indicated .3AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 1 (continued)Distributionof points(c) 2 pointsV E r D =- 20 V 0.01 mE =For the correct answer with correct units 1 point 2000 V m E = or 2000 N CFor the correct assumption that the field is close enough to uniform in this region todo a calculation as if it were1 point(d) 2 pointsFor drawing a curved line concave up or concave right that passes through point D andat least three electric field lines1 point For drawing the curved line perpendicular to at least three field lines1 pointCopyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).4AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 215 points total Distribution of points Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).(a) 3 pointsThe current through the inductor is zero immediately after the switch is closed ().0L I = Using Ohm’s law V IR =For the correct substitution of the emf e for the voltage V1 point For the correct substitution of the total resistance tot R1 point 12tot R R R =+()12init I R R e =+For the correct answer 1 point ()12init I R R e =+(b) 3 pointsFor the correct application of the loop theorem to an appropriate loop of the circuit 1 point For example, using the right-hand loop containing L and 2R 20R L V V +=22R init V R I =L dI V L dt =- 2init dIR I L dt=This equation could also be obtained directly by recognizing that L and 2R are in paralleland have the same voltage across them.For the correct substitution of the current obtained in part (a) 1 point 212dI L R e = For the correct answer1 point ()212R dI dt R R L e =+5AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 2 (continued)Distributionof points(c) 2 pointsAfter a long time the current is constant, so .0L V = 20L R V V ==, so a constant current goes through resistor 1 and the inductor.1batt R V V =For the correct substitution of both voltage and resistance, using Ohm’s law for 1R V1 point batt 1I R e =For the correct answer 1 point batt 1I R e =(d) 4 pointsFor a graph that rises asymptotically1 point This point must be earned in order to obtain any of the following points.For starting the line above zero1 point For starting the line at the lower limit determined in (a) 1 point For approaching the upper limit determined in part (c)1 point(e) 3 pointsThe current calculated in part (c) that was going through the inductor now goesthrough only resistor 2.For correct application of the loop theorem1 point 2R L I =I , where L I equals determined in (c)batt I For correct substitution of both currents, using Ohm’s law for 2R I with a resistance 2R1 point 221R V R R e=For a correct final answer 1 point 221R V R R e =Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).6AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 315 points total Distributionof pointsCopyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).(a) 5 pointsTrial Position of End Q (cm) Measured Magnetic Field (T)(directed from P to Q )n (turns/m) 1 40 49.7010-¥250 2 50 47.7010-¥200 3 60 46.8010-¥ 167 4 80 44.9010-¥ 1255 10044.0010-¥100Dividing 100 turns by the length of the spring will yield the number of turns per meter.For each correct value of n1 point each Two points were deducted for using more than three significant figures.Some students used 0B nI m = and the theoretical value ()7410T m m p -0=¥i to solvefor n . Since the question did not have any indication of using the data to obtain an experimental value for 0m until part (c), full credit for the question could be earned for this approach.(b) 2 pointsFor correctly plotting the data from the chart1 point For a best-fit straight line through the plotted data points, with points both above andbelow the line1 point7AP ® PHYSICS C ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM2005 SCORING GUIDELINESQuestion 3 (continued)Distributionof points(c) 6 points0S B nI m =For correctly relating the slope of the graph to 0I m1 point 0 slope of line SB I nm D D ==For correctly finding the slope1 point For using at least one point from the graph in the calculation (i.e., not using two pointsfrom the chart that are not on the best-fit line)1 point From the graph shown here()()4449.510 4.510 T 5.010 T130 turns m 240110 turns mS B n D D ---¥-¥¥==- For correctly substituting the obtained slope into the equation for 0m 1 point For correctly substituting the given value of I1 point 401 5.010 T3.0 A 130 turns mex m -¥= ()60 1.310 T m A ex m -=¥i For the correct units1 point(d) 2 pointsFor a correct percent error formula1 point percent error = ()000100exm m m -For using the value of 0ex m from part (c)1 pointpercent error =()()()()767410 T m A 1.310 T m A100410T m Ap p ---¥-¥¥i i ipercent error = ()0.035100- percent error = 3. 5%Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Visit (for AP professionals) and /apstudents (for AP students and parents).8。

【VIP专享】2005年全国高考物理试题全集12套(二).doc

【VIP专享】2005年全国高考物理试题全集12套(二).doc
2005 年全国高考物理试题生全国统一考试 物 理 (江苏卷) ..........................................................2 2005 年高考物理 (江苏卷)物理试题参考答案 ................................................................................7 2005 年高考理科综合能力测试Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西) ...............................................10 2005 年高考理科综合Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西)参考答案 ...............................................13 2005 年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用) ...........................................15 2005 年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用)参考答案 ...........................17 2005 年高考理综物理部分Ⅲ(四川、陕西、贵州、云南、新疆、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙) .......18 2 0 0 5 年 高 考 理 综 物 理 部 分 Ⅲ ( 四 川 、 陕 西 、 云 南 等 ) 参 考 答 案 ....................21 2005 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) ...................................................................22 2005 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)参考答案 ...................................................26 2005 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)理科综合 ...................................................28 2005 年高考理科综合试卷(天津卷)参考答案 ...........................................................................31

2005年全国各地高考物理试题分类详解-力学

2005年全国各地高考物理试题分类详解-力学

2005年高考各地试题汇编(一)力学、热学部分一、 力 物体的平衡【B 】(2005辽宁综合卷)36、两光滑平板MO 、NO 构成一具有固定夹角θ0=75°的V 形槽,一球置于槽内,用θ表示NO 板与水平面之间的夹角,如图5所示。

若球对板NO 压力的大小正好等于球所受重力的大小,则下列θ值中哪个是正确的?A 、15°B 、30°C 、45°D 、60°二、 直线运动(2005江苏理综卷)35、 (9分)如图所示为车站使用的水平传送带装置的示意图。

绷紧的传送带始终保持3.Om /s 的恒定速率运行,传送带的水平部分AB 距水平地面的高度为A=0.45m 。

现有一行李包(可视为质点)由A 端被传送到B 端,且传送到月端时没有被及时取下,行李包从B 端水平抛出,不计空气阻力,g 取lOm /s 2(1)若行李包从B 端水平抛出的初速v =3.Om /s ,求它在空中运动的时间和飞出的水平距离;(2)若行李包以v 。

=1.Om /s 的初速从A 端向右滑行,包与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ=0.20,要使它从B 端飞出的水平距离等于(1)中所求的水平距离,求传送带的长度L 应满足的条件。

解析:(1)设行李包在空中运动时间为t ,飞出的水平距 离为s ,则 12h g t = s =vt代入数据得:t =0.3s s =0.9m(2)设行李包的质量为m ,与传送带相对运动时的加速度为a ,则 滑动摩擦力F mg ma μ==代入数据得:a =2.0m/s 2要使行李包从B 端飞出的水平距离等于(1)中所求水平距离,行李包从B 端飞出的水平抛出的初速度v=3.0m/s设行李被加速到时通过的距离为s 0,则 22002as v v =- ⑦代入数据得s 0=2.0m ⑧ 故传送带的长度L 应满足的条件为:L ≥2.0m ⑨三、 牛顿运动定律【BC 】(2005广东物理卷)1、一汽车在路面情况相同的公路上直线行驶,下面关于车速、惯性、质量和滑行路程的讨论,正确的是:A、车速越大,它的惯性越大 B、质量越大,它的惯性越大C、车速越大,刹车后滑行的路程越长 D、车速越大,刹车后滑行的路程越长,所以惯性越大【D 】(2005北京春季理综)20、如图,一个盛水的容器底部有一小孔。

2005年全国各地高考物理试题

2005年全国各地高考物理试题

05年全国各地高考物理试题 (2)力、平衡 (2)质点运动 (2)牛顿定律 (2)曲线运动、万有引力 (4)机械能 (7)动量 (9)振动和波 (10)热学 (12)电场 (13)电流 (15)磁场 (17)电磁感应 (20)交变电流 (23)电磁场和电磁波 (24)反射和折射 (25)光的本性 (25)原子物理 (27)实验 (30)05年全国各地高考物理试题答案 (40)力、平衡答案 (40)质点运动答案 (40)牛顿定律答案 (40)曲线运动、万有引力答案 (41)机械能答案 (43)动量答案 (45)振动和波答案 (48)热学答案 (48)电场答案 (49)电流答案 (50)磁场答案 (51)电磁感应答案 (56)交变电流答案 (58)电磁场和电磁波答案 (58)反射和折射答案 (58)光的本性答案 (59)原子物理答案 (59)实验答案 (60)05年全国各地高考物理试题力、平衡1.如图所示,表面粗糙的固定斜面顶端安有滑轮,两物块P .Q 用轻绳连接并跨过滑轮(不计滑轮的质量和摩擦),P 悬于空中,Q 放在斜面上,均处于静止状态。

当用水平向左的恒力推Q 时,P .Q 仍静止不动,则(05天津)A.Q 受到的摩擦力一定变小 B.Q 受到的摩擦力一定变大C.轻绳上拉力一定变小 D.轻绳上拉力一定不变 质点运动1.一人看到闪电12.3s 后又听到雷声。

已知空气中的声速约为330m/s~340m/s ,光速为3×108m/s ,于是他用12.3除以3很快估算出闪电发生位置到他的距离为4.1km 。

根据你所学的物理知识可以判断(05北京)A .这种估算方法是错误的,不可采用B .这种估算方法可以比较准确地估算出闪电发生位置与观察考间的距离C .这种估算方法没有考虑光的传播时间,结果误差很大D .即使声速增大2倍以上,本题的估算结果依然正确2.(3分)“大洋一号”配备有一种声呐探测系统,用它克测量海水深度。

2005年全国高考试卷(广东卷)物理卷及答案历年考试真题

2005年全国高考试卷(广东卷)物理卷及答案历年考试真题

2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)物 理本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共8页,满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号填写在答题卡上。

用2B 铅笔将答题卡试卷类型(B )填涂在答题卡上,并在答题卡右上角的“试室号”和“座位号”栏填写试室号、座位号,将相应的试室号、座位号信息点涂黑。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁,考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 选择题(共40分)—、(本题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确。

全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的或不答的得0分。

)1.一汽车在路面情况相同的公路上直线行驶,下面关于车速、惯性、质量和滑行路程的讨论,正确的是( )A .车速越大,它的惯性越大B .质量越大,它的惯性越大C .车速越大,刹车后滑行的路程越长D .车速越大,刹车后滑行的路程越长,所以惯性越大2.下列说法不.正确的是( )A .n He H H 10423121+→+是聚变 B .n Sr Xe n U 2094381405410235922++→+是裂变 C .衰变是αHe Rn Ra 422228622688+→D .是裂变0124122411-+→Mg Na3.一列沿x 轴正方向传播的简谐横波,t =0时刻的波形如图1中实线所示,t =0.2s 时刻的波形如图1中的虚线所示,则( )A .质点P 的运动方向向右B .波的周期可能为0.27sC.波的频率可能为1.25HzD.波的传播速度可能为20m/s4.封闭在气缸内一定质量的气体,如果保持气体体积不变,当温度升高时,以下说法正确的是()A.气体的密度增大B.气体的压强增大C.气体分子的平均动能减小D.每秒撞击单位面积器壁的气体分子数增多5.如图2所示,一束白光通过玻璃棱镜发生色散现象,下列说法正确的是()A.红光的偏折最大,紫光的偏折最小B.红光的偏折最小,紫光的偏折最大C.玻璃对红光的折射率比紫光大D.玻璃中紫光的传播速度比红光大6.如图3所示,两根足够长的固定平行金属光滑导轨位于同一水平,导轨上横放着两根相同的导体棒ab、cd与导轨构成矩形回路,导体棒的两端连接着处于压缩状态的两根轻质弹簧,两棒的中间用细线绑住,它们的电阻均为R,回路上其余部分的电阻不计,在导轨平面内两导轨间有一竖直向下的匀强磁场。

2005年高考高考理科综合(全国卷I)物理部分试题全解全析

2005年高考高考理科综合(全国卷I)物理部分试题全解全析

2006年全国各地高考物理试题分类详解-热、光、原一、分子动理论热和功1.[全国卷I.18]下列说法中正确的是:A.气体的温度升高时,分子的热运动变得剧烈,分子的平均动能增大,撞击器壁时对器壁的作用力增大,从而气体的压强一定增大B.气体体积变小时,单位体积的分子数增多,单位时间内打到器壁单位面积上的分子数增多,从而气体的压强一定增大C.压缩一定量的气体,气体的内能一定增加D.分子a从远外趋近固定不动的分子b,当a到达受b的作用力为零处时,a的动能一定最大【答案】:D【解析】:从微观上看,压强取决于分子密度和分子运动的剧烈程度。

A选项中,分子密度的变化未知,而B选项中,分子运动剧烈程度的变化未知,故两种情况下都无法判断压强的变化。

在C选项中,压缩气体,外界对气体做功,但不知气体的吸热与放热情况,由热力学第一定律知,其内能不一定增加,在D选项中,若两分子作用力为零时,其距离为r0,当其距离r>r0时,分子力表现为引力,当其距离r<r0时,分子力表现为斥力,当分子a从远处向固定的分子b运动时,先做加速运动,后做减速运动,当其作用力为零时,即r=r0时,其速度最大,动能一定最大,D选项正确。

【备考提示】:本题涉及了气体压强的微观解释、热力学第一定律和分子间的相互作用力,涉及的知识点虽然较多,但多为基础知识,注重考查考生对基础知识的理解和掌握程度。

2.[全国卷II.21]对一定质量的气体,若用N表示单位时间内与器壁单位面积碰撞的分子数,则A.当体积减小时,N必定增加B.当温度升高时,N必定增加C.当压强不变而体积和温度变化时,N必定变化D.当压强不变而体积和温度变化时,N可能不变【答案】:C【解析】:一定质量的气体,在单位时间内与器壁单位面积的碰撞次数,取决于分子密度和分子运动的剧烈程度,即与体积和温度与关,故A、B错;压强不变,说明气体分子对器壁单位面积上的撞击力不变,若温度改变,则气体分子平均动能必改变,要保持撞击力不变,则碰撞次数必改变,同理可判断,N也必定变化,故C对D错。

2005年全国各地高考物理试题(12套)

2005年全国各地高考物理试题(12套)

2005年全国高考物理试题全集12套(二)目录2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理 (江苏卷) 22005年高考物理 (江苏卷)物理试题参考答案72005年高考理科综合能力测试Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西)102005年高考理科综合Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西)参考答案132005年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用)152005年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用)参考答案172005年高考理综物理部分Ⅲ(四川、陕西、贵州、云南、新疆、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙)18 2005年高考理综物理部分Ⅲ(四川、陕西、云南等)参考答案212005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)222005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)参考答案262005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)理科综合282005年高考理科综合试卷(天津卷)参考答案312005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理 (江苏卷)第一卷(选择题共40分)一、本题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得4分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.1.下列核反应或核衰变方程中,符号"X"表示中子的是(A) (B)(C) (D)2.为了强调物理学对当今社会的重要作用并纪念爱因斯坦,2004年联合国第58次大会把2005年定为国际物理年.爱因斯坦在100年前发表了5篇重要论文,内容涉及狭义相对论、量子论和统计物理学,对现代物理学的发展作出了巨大贡献.某人学了有关的知识后,有如下理解,其中正确的是(A)所谓布朗运动就是液体分子的无规则运动(B)光既具有波动性,又具有粒子性(C)在光电效应的实验中,入射光强度增大,光电子的最大初动能随之增大(D)质能方程表明:物体具有的能量与它的质量有简单的正比关系3.根据α粒子散射实验,卢瑟福提出了原子的核式结构模型.图中虚线表示原子核所形成的电场的等势线,实线表示一个α粒子的运动轨迹.在α粒子从a运动到b、再运动到c的过程中,下列说法中正确的是(A)动能先增大,后减小(B)电势能先减小,后增大(C)电场力先做负功,后做正功,总功等于零(D)加速度先变小,后变大4.某气体的摩尔质量为M,摩尔体积为V,密度为ρ,每个分子的质量和体积分别为m和Vo,则阿伏加德罗常数NA可表示为(A) (B) (C) (D)5.某人造卫星运动的轨道可近似看作是以地心为中心的圆.由于阻力作用,人造卫星到地心的距离从r1慢慢变到r2,用EKl、EK2分别表示卫星在这两个轨道上的动能,则(A)r1<r2,EK1<EK2 (B)r1>r2,EK1<EK2 (C)r1<r2,EKt>Era (D)r1>r2,EK1>EK26.在中子衍射技术中,常利用热中子研究晶体的结构,因为热中子的德布罗意波长与晶体中原子间距相近.已知中子质量m=1.67x10-27kg,普朗克常量h=6.63x10-34J²s,可以估算德布罗意波长λ=1.82x10-10m的热中子动能的数量级为(A)10-17J (B)10-19J (C)10-21J (D)10-24 J 7.下列关于分子力和分子势能的说法中,正确的是,(A)当分子力表现为引力时,分子力和分子势能总是随分子间距离的增大而增大(B)当分子力表现为引力时,分子力和分子势能总是随分子间距离的增大而减小(C)当分子力表现为斥力时,分子力和分子势能总是随分子间距离的减小而增大(D)当分子力表现为斥力时,分子力和分子势能总是随分子间距离的减小而减小8.一列简谐横波沿x轴传播.T=0时的波形如图所示,质点A与质点B相距lm,A点速度沿y轴正方向;t=0.02s时,质点A第一次到达正向最大位移处.由此可知(A)此波的传播速度为25m/s(B)此波沿x轴负方向传播.(C)从t=0时起,经过0.04s,质点A沿波传播方向迁移了1m(D)在t=0.04s时,质点B处在平衡位置,速度沿y轴负方向9.分别以p、V、T表示气体的压强、体积、温度.一定质量的理想气体,其初始状态表示为(p0、V0、T0).若分别经历如下两种变化过程:①从(p0、V0、T0)变为(p1、V1、T1)的过程中,温度保持不变(T1=T0);②从(p0、V0、T0)变为(p2、V2、T2)的过程中,既不吸热,也不放热.在上述两种变化过程中,如果V1=V2>V0,则(A) p1 >p2,T1> T2 (B) p1 >p2,T1< T2 (C) p1 <p2,T1< T2 (D) p1 <p2,T1> T210.如图所示,固定的光滑竖直杆上套着一个滑块,用轻绳系着滑块绕过光滑的定滑轮,以大小恒定的拉力F拉绳,使滑块从A点起由静止开始上升.若从A点上升至B点和从B点上升至C点的过程中拉力F做的功分别为W1、W2,滑块经B、C两点时的动能分别为EKB、EKc,图中AB=BC,则一定有(A)Wl>W2(B)W1<W2(C)EKB>EKC(D)EKB<EKC第二卷(非选择题共110分)二、本题共2小题,共22分.把答案填在答题卡相应的横线上或按题目要求作答.11.(10分)某同学用如图所示装置做探究弹力和弹簧伸长关系的实验.他先测出不挂砝码时弹簧下端指针所指的标尺刻度,然后在弹簧下端挂上砝码,并逐个增加砝码,测出指针所指的标尺刻度,所得数据列表如下:(重力加速度g=9.8m/s2)砝码质量m/10g1.002.003.004.005.006.007.00标尺刻度x/10m15.0018.9422.8226.7830.6634.6042.0054.50(1)根据所测数据,在答题卡的坐标纸上作出弹簧指针所指的标尺刻度底与砝码质量的关系曲线.(2)根据所测得的数据和关系曲线可以判断,在范围内弹力大小与弹簧伸长关系满足胡克定律.这种规格弹簧的劲度系数为 N/m.12.(12分)将满偏电流Ig=300μA、内阻未知的电流表○G改装成电压表并进行核对.(1)利用如图所示的电路测量电流表○G的内阻(图中电源的电动势E=4V ):先闭合S1,调节R,使电流表指针偏转到满刻度;再闭合S2,保持R不变,调节R′,,使电流表指针偏转到满刻度的,读出此时R′的阻值为200Ω,则电流表内阻的测量值Rg= Ω.(2)将该表改装成量程为3V的电压表,需 (填"串联"或"并联")阻值为R0= Ω的电阻.(3)把改装好的电压表与标准电压表进行核对,试在答题卡上画出实验电路图和实物连接图.三、解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤.只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.13.(14分)A、B两小球同时从距地面高为h=15m处的同一点抛出,初速度大小均为v0=10m/s.A球竖直向下抛出,B球水平抛出,空气阻力不计,重力加速度取g=l0m/s2.求:(1)A球经多长时间落地?(2)A球落地时,A、B两球间的距离是多少?14.(12分)如图所示,R为电阻箱,○V为理想电压表.当电阻箱读数为R1=2Ω时,电压表读数为U1=4V;当电阻箱读数为R2=5Ω时,电压表读数为U2=5V.求:(1)电源的电动势E和内阻r。

05年高考真题物理

05年高考真题物理

05年高考真题物理2005年高考真题物理近年来,高考物理试题一直备受考生关注。

物理是一门具有挑战性和实践性的科目,考查学生对自然界规律的理解和应用能力。

下面我们就来看一下2005年高考真题中的物理部分。

一、单选题1. 不同电流在导线中的传播速率与下列哪个无关?A. 电流大小B. 电流方向C. 导线截面积D. 导线材料本题主要考查学生对电流在导线中传播速率的影响因素的理解,正确答案为B项,即与电流方向无关。

2. 下列物理现象中,不属于波动现象的是:A. 双缝干涉B. 多普勒效应C. 光电效应D. 温度传导本题考查学生对波动现象和非波动现象的区分能力,正确答案为D 项,即温度传导。

二、填空题1. 在把一根直径为d、长度为L的均匀金属导线拉直细线后,它的电阻将变为原来的________。

本题考查学生对电阻与长度、截面积的关系的理解,答案为d^2/L。

2. 鱼竿用鱼线时,线长l和线的质量m关系最接近的是________。

答案为m = kl,其中k为比例系数。

三、简答题请解释杠杆平衡条件。

杠杆平衡条件是指杠杆上物体达到平衡时,杠杆两边所受的力矩相等的原理。

即在平衡状态下,左边力矩等于右边力矩,这个原理可以表示为∑M=0,即力矩的代数和等于零。

根据杠杆平衡条件,可以求解平衡时各点的受力情况。

综上所述,2005年高考真题中的物理题目涵盖了基础概念、计算题型和简答题型,考查了考生的理论知识掌握和解决问题的能力。

希望考生们能够认真复习,做好准备,顺利应对高考物理考试。

祝愿所有考生都能取得优异的成绩!。

2005高考研究性学习真题大解析_北京卷_理科综合试题之专家解析篇物理部分

2005高考研究性学习真题大解析_北京卷_理科综合试题之专家解析篇物理部分

v,此时 0
vx= 12 25 v0

vy= 29 5v0, = vv yx= 34,即与电场方向夹角为37°斜向上,
小球动量的最小值为Pm i n= m v m i n = 35 m v 0 ,最小动量的方
向与电场方向夹角为 37°,斜向上。
25.本题考查的是匀变速直线运动、牛顿运动定律、功
G M 月 R2

,则 gg 地 = MM 地×( RR 月 )2 = 81 1×( 14



)2 = 86 14 ;由
等式 G R M 地 地2 m
= 4T 22 mR地得,航天器的周期 1
T12= G4 M 2地 R

3,
同理可得靠近月球表面沿圆轨道运行的周期 T 2= 4 2 R 3, 2 GM 月 月
t= va =
13 ×10-2
s,
1 mv2 所需电源输出功率为 P= △ 2 t × 4% =1.0 ×109W,由功率
P=UI,解得输出电压 U= PI =1.2 ×103V。 (3)分别对砂箱和滑块用动能定理,有 fsm= 12 MV2,
f’sm= 12 MV2- 12 Mv2;由牛顿定律 f=-f’和相对运动
2005.10
53
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探究性教学 研究性学习考试
试题解析
小,电流增大,则穿过 B 线圈中的磁通量增大,电流计指 针向左偏;线圈 A 中铁芯向上拔出或断开开关,穿过线圈 B中的磁通量减小,电流计指针向右偏。本题正确选项是B。
22.本题考查的是用多用电表探索黑箱内的电学元件。 (1)第一步用电压挡,正反测量,指针均不发生偏转, 表明盒内不存在电源。 (2)欧姆表的读数方法:用指针在表盘上所指示的刻度 值乘以所选倍率。欧姆表选用进行测量,指针指示的数值 分别为“12”和“5”,对应的电阻分别为 1200 Ω和 500Ω。 (3)多用电表的欧姆挡内部结构如图 1所示,当电表与 电阻相连时,电流从黑表笔流出,从红表笔流入;第一步说 明不存在电源,第二步说明 bc 间存在一个电阻,ac 间存在 一个反向连接的二极管,ab 间断路,则电路图如图 2所示。

2005全国高考物理试全集

2005全国高考物理试全集

2005年全国高考物理试题全集(12套)目录2005年高考理科综合能力测试Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西) (2)2005年高考理科综合Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西)参考答案 (5)2005年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用) (6)2005年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ物理部分(黑龙江、吉林、广西等用)参考答案 (9)2005年高考理综物理部分Ⅲ(四川、陕西、贵州、云南、新疆、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙) (10)2005年高考理综物理部分Ⅲ(四川、陕西、云南等)参考答案 (13)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) (14)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)参考答案 (18)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)理科综合 (19)200年高考理科综合试卷(天津卷)参考答案 (22)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理(江苏卷) (24)2005年高考物理(江苏卷)物理试题参考答案 (29)2005年高考物理试题上海卷 (33)2005年上海物理参考答案 (38)2005年高考广东物理试题 (41)2005年高考广东物理试题参考答案及评分标准 (45)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理科综合试卷 (49)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理综试卷参考答案 (51)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷) (52)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷)参考答案 (55)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分) (57)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分)参考答案 (58)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)(物理部分)及参考答案 (59)2005年高考理科综合能力测试Ⅰ(河北、河南、安徽、山西)二、选择题(本题包括8小题。

每小题给出的四个选项中,有的只有一个选项正确,有的有多个选项正确,全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分)14.一质量为m 的人站在电梯中,电梯加速上升,加速大小为g 31,g 为重力加速度。

2005年全国高考物理试题全集(一)

2005年全国高考物理试题全集(一)

2005年全国高考物理试题全集12套(一)目录2005年高考物理试题上海卷 (2)2005年上海物理参考答案 (8)2005年高考广东物理试题 (11)2005年高考广东物理试题参考答案及评分标准 (15)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理科综合试卷 (21)2005年江苏省高考综合考试理综试卷参考答案 (23)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷) (24)2005普通高等学校春季招生考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷)参考答案 (27)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分) (29)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)(物理部分)参考答案 (31)2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)(物理部分) (31)2005年高考物理试题上海卷一.(20分)填空题.本大题共5小题,每小题4分.答案写在题中横线上的空白处或指定位置,不要求写出演算过程.本大题中第l、2、3小题为分叉题。

分A、B两类,考生可任选一类答题.若两类试题均做。

一律按A类题计分.A类题(适合于使用一期课改教材的考生)1A.通电直导线A与圆形通电导线环B固定放置在同一水平面上,通有如图所示的电流时,通电直导线A受到水平向___的安培力作用.当A、B中电流大小保持不变,但同时改变方向时,通电直导线A所受到的安培力方向水平向____.、S2发出的波的波峰位置,2A.如图所示,实线表示两个相干波源S则图中的_____点为振动加强的位置,图中的_____点为振动减弱的位置.3A.对“落体运动快慢”、“力与物体运动关系”等问题,亚里士多德和伽利略存在着不同的观点.请完成下表:B类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)2B.正弦交流电是由闭合线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动产生的.线圈中感应电动势随时间变化的规律如图所示,则此感应电动势的有效值为____V,频率为____Hz.3B.阴极射线是从阴极射线管的阴极发出的高速运动的粒子流,这些微观粒子是_____.若在如图所示的阴极射线管中部加上垂直于纸面向里的磁场,阴极射线将_____(填“向上”“向下”“向里”“向外”)偏转.公共题(全体考生必做) B类题(适合于使用二期课改教材的考生)4.如图,带电量为+q的点电荷与均匀带电薄板相距为2d,点电荷到带电薄板的垂线通过板的几何中心.若图中a点处的电场强度为零,根据对称性,带电薄板在图中b 点处产生的电场强度大小为______,方向______.(静电力恒量为k)5.右图中图线①表示某电池组的输出电压一电流关系,图线②表示其输出功率一电流关系.该电池组的内阻为_____Ω.当电池组的输出功率为120W 时,电池组的输出电压是_____V .二.(40分)选择题.本大题共8小题,每小题5分.每小题给出的四个答案中,至少有一个是正确的.把正确答案全选出来,并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内.每一小题全选对的得5分;选对但不全,得部分分;有选错或不答的,得O 分.填写在方括号外的字母,不作为选出的答案. 6.2005年被联合国定为“世界物理年”,以表彰爱因斯坦对科学的贡献.爱因斯坦对物理学的贡献有(A)创立“相对论”. (B)发现“X 射线”.(C)提出“光子说”.(D)建立“原子核式模型”.7.卢瑟福通过实验首次实现了原子核的人工转变,核反应方程为4141712781He N O H +→+,下列说法中正确的是(A)通过此实验发现了质子. (B)实验中利用了放射源放出的γ射线.(C)实验中利用了放射源放出的α射线. (D)原子核在人工转变过程中,电荷数可能不守恒. 8.对如图所示的皮带传动装置,下列说法中正确的是(A)A 轮带动B 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (B)B 轮带动A 轮沿逆时针方向旋转. (C)C 轮带动D 轮沿顺时针方向旋转. (D)D 轮带动C 轮沿顺时针方向旋转.9.如图所示,A 、B 分别为单摆做简谐振动时摆球的不同位置.其中,位置A 为摆球摆动的最高位置,虚线为过悬点的竖直线.以摆球最低位置为重力势能零点,则摆球在摆动过程中 (A)位于B 处时动能最大.(B)位于A 处时势能最大.(C)在位置A 的势能大于在位置B 的动能. (D)在位置B 的机械能大于在位置A 的机械能.10.如图所示的塔吊臂上有一可以沿水平方向运动的小车A ,小车下装有吊着物体B 的吊钩.在小车A与物体B 以相同的水平速度沿吊臂方向匀速运动的同时,吊钩将物体B 向上吊起,A 、B 之间的距离以22d H r =- (SI)(SI 表示国际单位制,式中H 为吊臂离地面的高度)规律变化,则物体做 (A)速度大小不变的曲线运动. (B)速度大小增加的曲线运动. (C)加速度大小方向均不变的曲线运动. (D)加速度大小方向均变化的曲线运动.11.如图所示,A 是长直密绕通电螺线管.小线圈B 与电流表连接,并沿A 的轴线OX 从D 点自左向右匀速穿过螺线管A .能正确反映通过电流表中电流,随工变化规律的是12.在场强大小为E 的匀强电场中,一质量为m 、带电量为q 的物体以某一初速沿电场反方向做匀减速直线运动,其加速度大小为0.8qE/m ,物体运动S 距离时速度变为零.则 (A)物体克服电场力做功qES (B)物体的电势能减少了0.8qES (C)物体的电势能增加了qES (D)物体的动能减少了0.8qES13.A 、B 两列波在某时刻的波形如图所示,经过t =T A 时间(T A 为波A 的周期),两波再次出现如图波形,则两波的波速之比VA :VB 可能是 (A)1:3 (B)1:2 (C)2:1(D)3:1三.(32分)实验题.14.(6分)部分电磁波的大致波长范围如图所示.若要利用缝宽与手指宽度相当的缝获得明显的衍射现象,可选用___________波段的电磁波,其原因是_______________________________________________________。

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AP® Physics C2005 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, theCollege Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services incollege admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.Copyright © 2005 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation.Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.2005M1. A ball of mass M is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of v o. It experiences a force of air resistance given by F = -kv, where k is a positive constant. The positive direction for all vector quantities is upward. Express all algebraic answers in terms of M, k, v o, and fundamental constants.a. Does the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball increase, decrease, or remain the same as the ball movesupward?increases decreases remains the sameJustify your answer.b. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t as theball moves upward.c. Determine the terminal speed of the ball as it moves downward.d. Does it take longer for the ball to rise to its maximum height or to fall from its maximum height back to theheight from which it was thrown?longer to rise longer to fallJustify your answer.e. On the axes below, sketch a graph of velocity versus time for the upward and downward parts of the ball's flight,where t f is the time at which the ball returns to the height from which it was thrown.2005M2. A student is given the set of orbital data for some of the moons of Saturn shown below and is asked to use the data to determine the mass M S of Saturn. Assume the orbits of these moons are circular.a. Write an algebraic expression for the gravitational force between Saturn and one of its moons.b. Use your expression from part (a) and the assumption of circular orbits to derive an equation for the orbitalperiod T of a moon as a function of its orbital radius R.c. Which quantities should be graphed to yield a straight line whose slope could be used to determine Saturn'smass?d. Complete the data table by calculating the two quantities to be graphed. Label the top of each column, includingunits.e. Plot the graph on the axes below. Label the axes with the variables used and appropriate numbers to indicate thescale.f. Using the graph, calculate a value for the mass of Saturn.2005M3. A system consists of a ball of mass M 2 and a uniform rod of mass M 1 and length d. The rod is attached toa horizontal frictionless table by a pivot at point P and initially rotates at an angular speed ω, as shown above left. The rotational inertia of the rod about point P is 31 M 1d2 . The rod strikes the ball, which is initially at rest. As a result of this collision, the rod is stopped and the ball moves in the direction shown above right. Express all answers in terms of M 1, M 2, ω, d, and fundamental constants.a. Derive an expression for the angular momentum of the rod about point P before the collision.b. Derive an expression for the speed v of the ball after the collision.c. Assuming that this collision is elastic, calculate the numerical value of the ratio M 1 / M 2d. A new ball with the same mass M 1 as the rod is now placed a distance x from the pivot, as shown above. Againassuming the collision is elastic, for what value of x will the rod stop moving after hitting the ball?2005E1. Consider the electric field diagram above.a. Points A, B, and C are all located at y = 0.06 m .i. At which of these three points is the magnitude of the electric field the greatest? Justify your answer.ii. At which of these three points is the electric potential the greatest? Justify your answer.b. An electron is released from rest at point B.i. Qualitatively describe the electron's motion in terms of direction, speed, and acceleration.ii. Calculate the electron's speed after it has moved through a potential difference of 10 V.c. Points B and C are separated by a potential difference of 20 V. Estimate the magnitude of the electric fieldmidway between them and state any assumptions that you make.d. On the diagram, draw an equipotential line that passes through point D and intersects at least three electric fieldlines.2005E2. In the circuit shown above, resistors 1 and 2 of resistance R1 and R2 , respectively, and an inductor of inductance L are connected to a battery of emf ε and a switch S. The switch is closed at time t = 0. Express all algebraic answers in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.a. Determine the current through resistor 1 immediately after the switch is closed.b. Determine the magnitude of the initial rate of change of current, dI/dt , in the inductor.c. Determine the current through the battery a long time after the switch has been closed.d. On the axes below, sketch a graph of the current through the battery as a function of time.Some time after steady-state has been reached, the switch is opened.e. Determine the voltage across resistor 2 just after the switch has been opened.2005E3. A student performs an experiment to obtain the value of μ0, the magnetic permeability of vacuum. Shemeasures the magnetic field along the axis of the long, 100-turn solenoid PQ shown above. She connects ends P and Q of the solenoid to a variable power supply and an ammeter as shown. End P of the solenoid is taped at the 0 cm mark of a meterstick. The solenoid can be stretched so that the position of end Q can be varied. The student then positions a Hall probe* in the center of the solenoid to measure the magnetic field along its axis. She measures the field for a fixed current of 3.0 A and various positions of the end Q. The data she obtains are shown below.a. Complete the last column of the table above by calculating the number of turns per meter.* A Hall Probe is a device used to measure the magnetic field at a point.b. On the axes below, plot the measured magnetic field B versus n . Draw a best-fit straight line for the data points.c. From the graph, obtain the value of μ0, the magnetic permeability of vacuum.d. Using the theoretical value of μ0 = 4π x 10-7 TM/A, determine the percent error in the experimental value of μ0computed in part (c).。

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