英语语法原则语法一致原则

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英语语法原则语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致,即通常情况下,谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定,主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。

语法一致原则

1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意:(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面

的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.

(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every more than a (an) ,many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no less than,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr. Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She,like you and Tom,is very tall.

4. either,neither,each,every 或no +单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意:(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有of+复数名词(或代词)作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my

friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 由a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of + 名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意:a number of许多,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of的数量,主语是number,谓语用单数。

8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)归纳

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,

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