浙大农业生物环境工程考试复习.docx

1.以下是题库2.Effect of bio-filter in a recirculating aquacultural system生物过滤器在循环养殖系统中的影响氨态氮浓度、溶解氧浓度、有机物含量、PH值与碱度、水温、水体的对流混合作用3.Exhaust ventilation?负压通风安装在空间一面墙壁上的风机(通常是负压风机)把室内的空气抽出部分，导致室内空气压力瞬时比人气圧小或者说比常态压力小，此时空间的另一面(往往是安装负压风机的对面)开有进风口，外界空气在大气压压力下，口动进入空间。

因此在空间内形成定向、稳定的气流带。

4.livestock' s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions畜牧业对温室气体排放的贡献C02 (9%); CH4(37%); N20 (65%); NH3 (64%)5.the main pollutant from CAFOs集中式动物饲养经营的主要污染物Impact of Air Emissions from CAFOs•Air emissions from CAFOs present challenges to maintain healthy indoor environment: human and animal health, production efficiency•Air emissions from CAFOs cause significant environmental impacts: ambient air quality, atmospheric acidity and visibility, and global warming•Tncreased air quality regulations (EPA Consent Agreement with CAFOs, EPCRA,developing state regulations on II2S, NH3, and Odor ) created challenges for theviability and growth of the livestock and poultry industries6.Light in animal production光在动物生产中的作用对动物的进食时间产生影响；并能通过调节光强度控制猪舍的温度，彩响猪的代谢消耗。

7.Main air quality control technologies for animal production主空气质量控制技术对动物生产的影响(作用)1、猪场选址与设计2、通风换气3、饲养密度4、卫生5、湿度、温度6、加强绿化7、改进LI常操作8.Main greenhouse cooling technologies主要的温室冷却技术1)Natural ventilation,2)Mechanical vcmtilation3)Evaporative cooling4)Tnsulation barn structure9.Main aspects of biosecurity in animal production动物生产中生物安全的主要方面1)Animal Health Protection2)Human heal th protection3)Environmental health protection10.Three water-quality factors In an aquacultural system在养殖系统中三个水质的因素含氧量、氮化物含量、水温IL Main anaerobic reactors主要厌氧反应器Anaerobic/facultative lagoon 、 Anaerobic digestion12.CDM and Potential AMMS CDM ProjectCDM 和 Potential AMMS CDM Project科学原理：温室效应的全球性：世界任何地方同一•时刻排放(或减排)同样C02当量的温室气体具有同样的全球环境效果.经济学考虑：发达国家国内减排边际成本很贵，实现境外低价减排町冇效减轻其国内减排行动的经济负担.双重目标：帮助发达国家以较低的成木实现部分减排承诺指标，同时帮助发展中国家促进可持续发展，双贏机制13.Sources of noxious gas (for example, NH3 )on animal farm动物养殖场中有害气体的来源(例如氨气)l*Animal Housing2*Manurc Storage3•Manure App1ication4*Grazi ng14.The minimum ventilation?最小通风问题15.Evaporative cooling蒸发冷却Reduce the dry-bulb temperature by evaporating water into water vapor adiabatically 16.The direct evaporative cooling process and two stages evaporative cooling process直接蒸发冷却过程和两个阶段的蒸发冷却过程17.Design duck housing设计鸭住房18.Ventilation systems affect and how to save energy consumption in animal buildings通风系统的影响以及如何节省在动物建筑中的能量损耗1e Air temperature2e Moisture level3e Air temperature uniformity4#Air speed across animals5・Airborne dust and disease organism 1evels6•Odor and gas concentrations7e Combustion fumes from unvcnted heaters8e Moisture condcnsation on surfaces（一）节能建筑的开发（二）适当环境调控方式的选择（三）畜禽舍换气热能回收（四）新能源的开发利用19.Four parts of the water treatment is basically in a recirculating aquacultural system四个部分的水得再生技术基于一个循环养殖系统循环流水水产养殖是指水在养殖系统内再生、循环利用的水产养殖方式，其养殖系统称为循环流水水产养殖系统（Recirculating Aquaculture System, RAS）。

组成：循环流水养鱼系统养殖鱼水源可视条件选择，但用过的水需要冋收，经过沉淀、过滤、消毒（化学、药物）后，根据不同养殖对象不同生长阶段的生理要求，进行调温（降温或升温）、增氧（纯氧、气态氧或液态氧）和补充适量（广10%）新鲜水（流失或蒸发的部分），再重新输入养鱼池中，反复循环利用，整个装置除水系统外，述需附加水质监测、流速控制、鱼类行为跟踪的仪器仪表；自动投饵器等装置，并统一由中央控制室进行自动监控管理。

20.The effect of agricultural building insulation农业建筑保温的效果1.Reduces heat loss in cold weather2.Reduces amount of extra heat needed3.Warmer inside surface temperatures4.Prevents condensation or "sweating”5.Reduces radiant heat loss from animals6.Reduces heat gain in hot weather21.The dissolved oxygen concentration in a fish pond在鱼塘中的溶解氧浓度溶氧状况是影响养殖鱼虾摄食最及饲料食入麻消化吸收率，以及生长速度、饵料系数高低的重要因素水中的溶氧应不小于5mg/L-7mg/L o因此，在高产、高密度养殖吋，在养殖过程中要经常测定溶氧指标，采取加水换水、改善底质、使用增氧机等措丿施，来达到溶氧充足、利于消化吸收、降低饵料系数的冃的。

22.Electricity consumption in animal building动物建筑中的电力消耗通风系统、供暖系统、降温系统23.Positive ventilation system正压通风系统通风工程中，如果风机是向被通风的区域吹风，则被通风的区域的气压会略大于止常的气压，这就叫做正压通风正压通风最显苦的优势是最人程度降低了未过滤空气进入舍内的风险，因为室内的气体在压力作用下由通风口向室外流动。

但同时增加了成本，要保证最大到0.2英寸水林 (50. 8Pa)的家内静压，整个建筑的密封性必须良好，否则将增加寒冷季节吋的加热成本。

24.The basic principles of animal waste management动物废弃物管理的基本原则资源化、减量化、无害化、生态化25.Source suppression? Trapping? Conversion? Others?源抑制诱捕转变其他26.Main Factors of ventilation通风的主要因素1•Quantity of fresh air2e Distribution of Indoor air3・Condition (temperature, humidity)27.The goal of environment control for animals and plants为了动物和植物的环境控制目标The goal of environment control should be to create a balanee favorable to both the biological and physical systems・28.the main purposes of ventilation for agricultural building农业建筑中通风的主要目的1、Provide optimal animal environment and good worker conditions2、Provide adequate oxygenControl temperature and humidity4、 Temperature in summer5^ Humidity in winterControl dust and gas levels29.the 4 main groups odorants from animal production在动物生产中的四个主要群体气味1)Sulfurous compounds2)Indolic and phenolic compounds3)VFA4)Ammonia and amines30.main measuring methods of ammonia concentration in animal farm在动物养殖场中主要测量氨浓度的方法化学分析法、光谱法、电了鼻、仪器分析、生物传感器31.main control technologies to reduce and control air pollution from animal production主要的控制技术，用以减少和控制来自动物生产中的空气污染1、 Dietary manipulation2^ Dry dust filtrations3* Wet scrubber technologies4、USDA-ARS ammoniei scrubber5^ Odour neutralising spray/fogging systems6、 Electrostatic dust precipitation7* Dust control structures8、Landscaping9、Litter aeration32.The major air emissions associated with CAFOs与CAFOs相关的主要空气污染物排放1- Gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, ni trous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane) 2- Airborne particles (particulate matter)3- Odor and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)4- Microbial organisms33.Reasons to ventilate in animal buildings动物建筑通风的原因1 Provide optimal animeil environment and good worker conditions2^ Provide adequate oxygen3、Control temperature and humidity4、Temperature in summer5、Humidity in winter6^ Control dust and gas levels34.the fresh air system used in animal breeding farm在动物养殖场中新风系统的应用正压通风、负压通风、平衡通风Negative pressure > positive pressure > neutral pressure新风系统是由新风换气机及管道附件组成的一套独立空气处理系统，新风换气机将室外新鲜气体经过过滤、净化，通过管道输送到室内。