非谓语动词讲解及练习题
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制.
非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式:to do
动名词:v-ing 用做名词
分词(现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed)(高考)
考点一:不定式
1.不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形,它具有动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语,但它没有人称与数的变化,在句中也不能作谓语,动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形(不定式符号to有时可以省略);其否定形式为:not to+动词原形。如:My father asked me not to read in bed.
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2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,
It+be+形容词+(for sb)+动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protect environment.
注: kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
It's very kind of you to help me.
(2)作宾语
He wants to go out with her.
注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望,如:would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,pretend等。
?
Would you like to see a film this evening
②当不定式作宾语时,通常还可以用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式。
在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find it easy to read English every day.
(3)作表语
句型:主语+ be + to do sth .
如:My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train.
(4)作目的状语
>
如:He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。
(5)作宾语补足语
①不能省略to:
ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help.
如:Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
②必须省略to的动词不定式(一感,二听,三让,四看见。)
常见省略to的动词不定式的搭配有:
&
如:My mother makes me help that old woman.我妈妈让我帮助那位老妇人。
I often see him run on the road.我经常看到他在马路上跑步。
③常见不带to的句型有:
}
(6), 作后置定语
如:The best way to travel there is by train.
【知识拓展】
①不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句:
The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. (where to go=where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。
"
②疑问词who, what, when, where,how,which等与动词不定式连用可用作主语或宾语
When to go to Beijing has been decided.什么时候去北京已经定下来了。(作主语)
I haven’t decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)
③ “疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句
如:Can you tell me where to buy the scarf
=Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf
你能告诉我从哪里能买到这条围巾吗
考点二动名词
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动名词由动词原形+-ing构成,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,
作宾语和状语;也有名词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
动名词两种形式: 动词+V-ing 和介词+V-ing
1.作主语
如:Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对身体健康有害。
注:动名词和动词不定式作主语,在许多情况下可以通用,但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2. ①后常接动名词的动词及动词词组
finish,enjoy,practice,imagine,mind,keep,allow,
consider,miss,avoid(避免),suggest,admit,
be worth,have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun (in) doing sth,stay up, be busy,keep on ,
waste time doing sth ;can't help/can't stop doing sth ;be used to(习惯于)+doing sth
②后既可以接动名词,也可接动词不定式的动词有
love,like,prefer,begin,start,continue,remember,try,stop,forget,hate,need,allow,go on等。
③介词后接动名词,
keep...from,stop...from,make a contribution to,pay attention to,
look forward to,spend...(in),be afraid of,be proud of,be fond of,
be used for,feel like,give up,be interested in,put off等。
3.当need,require,want作“需要”解时,后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.=The window needs to be cleaned.
4.不定式是不及物动词时,作定语不能省去介词。
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