非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。）

一、不定式与动名词做主语

1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。

例句：

Reading English is really a great fun.<这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为>

To read english this morning will take most of my time.<这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为>

2.形式主语it 的运用:

1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

例句：To finish the job took us two hours.

It took us two hours to finish the job.

（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.）

例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.

2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.

例句：

It’s very nice of you to help us.<此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of>

It’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此时就不能说we are impossible.因此应该用for >

3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s worth while doing

例句：

It’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收

(it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)

3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。

例句：

To see is to believe.

Seeing is believing.眼见为实

4.There be no +ving

例句：

There is no parking around here.

No smoking,please.

练习题

It is hard_________ his mind.(to change )

It is fun__________ with a foreign man.(talking)

There is no ________what will happen.(telling)

I like_________ this novel this morning.(to read)

二：做表语

1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。

例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.

2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

例句：

i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.

The story is amusing. (令人....的)

3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。

例句：

The shop is closed.<表状态>

The door was closed by the wind.<表被动>

4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。

interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.

The book is interesting.

The news is surprising.

The story is fritenting.

He is fritented.

After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 练习题

The problem is _____（puzzling）

The village is_______by mountains. (surrounded)

She is________ at the news.(surprised)

三：做宾语

1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词<口诀>

a考虑建议盼原谅…cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/parden

b承认推辞没得想…admit delay/put off fancy

c避免错过继续练…avoid miss keep/keep on practice

e否认完成就欣赏…deny finish enjoy/appreciate

f禁止想象才冒险…forbid imagine risk

g不禁介意准逃亡…can’t help mind allow/permit escape

此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /can’t stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in//have a good/wonderful/hard time in //spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。

2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。

1).like,love,prefer后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有would/should，则后接不定式。但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。

例句：

I like swimming ,but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。

即allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.

例句：

We don’t allow smoking in the hall.

We allow you to smoke here.

3).当need, require, want做“需要”讲时，其后必接to be done(被动态)或ving（此时ving也表被动意义），表事情需要被做。want/need/ require＋动名词主动式=want/need/require＋不定式被动式

即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth

例句：

The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

4).worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。

即be worth +名词/doing