现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法

现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open

die-be dead

1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry

2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die

4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up

6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start,begin

2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go

(arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up；

7. have died → have been dead；

8. have left sw. → have been a way from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

11. Have married → have been married；

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t had

16. have put on →have worn

17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；

18. have got to know → have known

19. have/has gone to → have been in

20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army

→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.

2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:

He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金).

I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet ?

3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,

如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:

Have you ever been to Beijing

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,