虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略
if虚拟语气的三种时态 虚拟语气考点探析
if虚拟语气的三种时态虚拟语气考点探析英语中有三种语气：陈述语气（表示陈述事实）、祈使语气（表示命令、要求、建议、请求等）和虚拟语气（表示主观愿望、强烈遗憾、建议或与事实相反的假设等）。
近年来，虚拟语气成为高考单项填空题频繁考查的热点，而虚拟语气又是中学生学习英语的难点。
本文将就高考对虚拟语气的考查热点进行逐一分析，梳理考点知识，探讨应对技巧，设置巩固性练习，以期帮助学生应对各种虚拟语气考点项目。
一、考点例析纵观近几年的高考英语试题，虚拟语气主要从以下几个方面考查：（一）if引导的虚拟条件句① If we __________ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.（2010年陕西卷）A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken 解析：从句意和might have arrived 来看，整个":.cssyq.co" ="" class="">句子都是对过去的虚拟，条件状语从句的谓语动词形式应用had+过去分词形式表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。
② —The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes. If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now! And my vegetables __________.（2010年":.bjsjob.co" ="" class="">北京卷） A. wouldn＇t die B. didn＇t die C. hadn＇t died D. wouldn＇t have died 解析：本题考查对过去情况的虚拟。
虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略
虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略语言是灵活多变的，表达是丰富多彩的。
有的时候虚拟语气的表现形式也显得非常灵活，比如就说其中的虚拟条件吧——它有时会以if从句来表示，但有时会用某种短语来表示，比如不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语等等。
1. if的隐含I should be happy to go with you.如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。
句中的不定式短语to go with you就是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if I could go with you。
这句话的言外之意是：可惜我不一定有机会同你一起去。
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。
句中的不定式短语to have studied harder也是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if you had studied harder。
句子的言外之意是：可惜你当时没有更用功我，所以你就没有考及格。
Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？句中的分词短语failing this time表示虚拟条件，相当于if you failed this time。
其言外之意是：尽管失败的可能性很小，但还是有可能会失败，假若失败了，那怎么办？Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们就不会取得成功。
句中的介词短语without your help表示虚拟条件，相当于if you hadn’t given us help。
其言外之意是：好在你帮助了我们，所以我们取得了成功。
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气
公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气2016年公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
下面我们一起来看看虚拟语气的英语语法解读呗!虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成。
一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：假设类型If虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反 Did/were Would/should do 与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done 与将来事实可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do例：1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand,a great deal of time and moneywould have been lost3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.5、Do you think there would be less conflict (战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language.6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.二、if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)在if虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含were，should，had等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前，省略if，构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。
if引导的虚拟条件句
if引导的虚拟条件句1、虚拟语气If引导的真实条件句(16)：1.主将从现Ifsheshowsup,we’llstickwithher.I’llgiveyouacallifanything comesup.语法深化I’llkickyououtifdon’tlistentome.2.主祈从现Catchmeifyoucan.Lovemeifyoudare.Ifhecomes,heisgoingtobringh isviolin.虚拟语气If引导的虚拟条件句：1.与如今事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时should(wouldcould)+动词原形语法深化假如我是你，我不会让他走。
=If2、Iwereyou,Iwouldnotlethimgo.假如我能飞，你就抓不到我。
=IfIcouldfly,youwouldnotcatchme.虚拟语气If引导的虚拟条件句：2.与将来事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时should(wouldcould)+动词原形动词原型语法深化Wereto+Should+动词原型Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosuc ceed,everythingwouldbeallright.虚拟语气If引导的虚拟条件句：3.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句3、主句Haddonewould,should,could+havedone语法深化Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.Ifheha dnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogr ess.虚拟语气If引导的虚拟条件句：4.混合虚拟语气Ifyou_______himyesterday,you______whattodonow.(ask,know)语法深化〔从句与过去事实相反，主句与如今事实相反。
英语虚拟语气知识点
英语虚拟语气知识点（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!英语虚拟语气知识点虚拟语气一般指说话人的主观愿望或假想，是与客观存在相反的事实，或在现实中无法成真的事情或情形。
虚拟语气汇总
The Subjunctive Mood1，含if 的虚拟条件句She would have come, if she had not been so busy.If he had been here, he might have been able to help you.If I were you, I would consider their proposal.How nice it would be, if you could stay a bit longer.If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.*if 条件句中含were, had, should时,有时可省略if，将were, had, should移置主语前.Had he come a little earlier, I might have met him.Were he to leave tomorrow, I would go with him.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.2, suppose/supposing 相当于 what if ，可以引出虚拟条件句Suppose I accepted this offer, what wouldyou say?Supposing the train were late, what should we do?3, 含蓄虚拟标志词：but that, but for, without, in the absence of, otherwise,I would have written the paper before, but that I have been ill.But that he saw it, he would not have believed it.But that he helps, I should fail.But for the rain, we would have had a pleasant journey.Without his aid, I could not have done it.In the absence of water, plants could not grow well.He was held up in the traffic; otherwise he would not have been late.4, 隐含在句子意义中的虚拟语气Born in better times, he would have done credit to the profession of letters.A more careful student would not have made such a mistake.In different circumstances, I could havesaid yes.Left to itself, the country would have achieved its unity.5, 表示建议，命令，请求等主观意愿的动词，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should do)suggest, propose, advise, recommend, move, vote（提议）order, command, instructdemand, request, require, ask, beg, urge （强烈要求）,insist, maintain, desire, prefer, decide, determine, etc.e.g. I suggest that he should set offstraight away.6, 三种主语从句(should do)It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ decided/ arranged/recommended, that sb. should do sth. It is a pity/ shame/ must that sb should do sthIt is strange/ appropriate/ desirable/ fitting/ impossible/ obligatory/proper/ necessary/ incredible/urgent/ possible/ essential/advisable明智的/ natural/ important/preferable/ ridiculous/ vital/insistent紧急的/ imperative紧急必要的/crucial/ critical/ best/ betterthat sb should do sth7，名词后接表语从句或者同位语从句(should do) suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation, motion,order, command, instructiondemand, request, requirement, insistence,desire, preference, decision, resolution,idea, plan, word, necessity,He gave order that the test should be finished before ten.My suggestion is that we should start out at once.8, wish, imagine后面加上一些不可能实现的事情时，用虚拟语气Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.I wish it were spring all the year round.9, 在lest, for fear that, in case状语从句中用虚拟语气（should do ）She obeyed her husband in everything lest he should be angry.10, It is high / about time that somebody did somethingIt is time that we left.11, if only 感叹句中用虚拟语气“但愿/要是就好了”If only I were not so nervous.12, 有时as if, as though从句中用虚拟语气He acted as if he were an expert.13, 有时though 让步状语从句中用虚拟语气Though the whole world were against me, I would do what I consider as right.14, S1 would rather that S2 （主句与从句的主语不一致时，从句中用虚拟语气）用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟I would rather that you did nothing about it for the time being.He would rather that you hadn’t been so rude to her in the past.15, 表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止时用虚拟语气（用动词原形）L ong live the people’s republic of china.God bless you.God damn you.Heaven forbid.So be it.Home is home, be it ever so homely.。
虚拟语气和倒装
as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情 态动词
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry. 没有电，就没有现代工业。
（2）通过上下文，句中往往有 otherwise, or等词。如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you. 我昨天很忙，要不然我就来看你了。
the world.
单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词
Young as he is, he knows more than you.
Hardly …when, No sooner….than,（只倒主句，主 句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）
neither… nor…（两个都倒）
not only…（只倒前面）
当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。
Little work was done yesterday
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.
倒装
倒装的目的： 语法结构的需要：通常疑问句、there be 结构等需 要用倒装句。例如： There is a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。 Where are you going? 你上哪去？
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习和答案
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
if条件句省略
if条件句中的省略在虚拟条件句中，谓语部分如果含有“were, had, should”时，可以省去连词if，将“were, had, should”挪到从句句首，其余部分不变，从而形成从句的部分倒装。
这种省略仅用于正式语体中。
如：Were I you（＝If I were you）， I would go.Had I seen him yesterday（＝If I had seen him yesterday）, I would have told him the news.Should she come tomorrow（＝If she should come tomorrow）, I would give her the dictionary.在真实条件句中，如果谓语动词是“be”或含有“be”，而主语又和主句的主语一致或者主语是“it”时，从句中的主语可连同动词“be”一起省去，形成以下几种不同的结构。
1、if＋形容词If (it is) necessary, ring me at home——you know my number.He wishes, if (it is) possible to have it printed, a slip of paper.If (it is) quite convenient to you, I will be with you Tuesday next.Send the goods now, if (they are) ready.2、if＋分词He will come if (he is) asked.If (it is) not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.If (they are) marked with numbers, the books can be easily found.3、if＋名词①if a day (a yard, an inch, etc.) 意为“at least”，常译成“无论……一定……”。
虚拟语气用法小结
例如：
It is necessary that he be sent to prison at once. It is best that workers have a pleasant place to relax.
3、用于表语从句或同位语从句中。 请注意下列名词：
suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, recommendation, advice, decision, instruction, insistence, preference, necessity, requirement, resolution, motion, desire… 以上名词后出现的表语从句或同位语从句 中，谓语动词采用(should)+ 中，谓语动词采用(should)+ 动词原形构成 虚拟语气。
1、例如：
I suggest that he (should) go at once. In the past man generally preferred that their wives work at home.
2、用于主语从句中
It is desired (suggested, requested, ordered, decided, arranged, recommended…) that… It is strange (necessary, incredible, urgent, possible, essential, advisable, natural, important, preferable, ridiculous, vital, insistent, best, better…) that… It is a pity (shame, must…) that… 上述结构引起的主语从句中谓语动词采用 (should)+ 动词原形构成虚拟语气。
关于英语中虚拟语气的用法介绍
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如 果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。）
3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如： If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就
4.用于特定词语后的宾、主、表及同位语从句中 虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令等意义的动词、名词及形容词后的宾语从句、 主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中。其形式都是“sould+动词原形”，should 可省略。
1）用于宾语从句中 常用的动词： ask,advise,command,decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require ,suggest 等。 He insisted that we all(should) be in his office at six. The doctor suggested that she (should) take a trip. 2)用于主语从句中 常用的结构：It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句（用虚拟语气） 常见的形容词或分词： essential,urgent,necessary,important,advisable,natural,desired,demand ed,ordered,required,suggested 等。 It is necessary that this machine(should) be oiled every day. It is required that the machine be tested. 3)用于表语从句或同位语从句中 常用的名词： advice,command,demand,desire,idea,order,proposal,request requirement 等。 His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic next Sunday.(表语从句） His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful.( 同位语从句)
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中用法if条件句
虚拟语气
Exercises
1. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
2. A. would have missed B. had missed
3. C. would miss
D. missed
4. 2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
She was honoured by people all over the world,
Because She was an inventor and a scientist .
Because She was given the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry in
1911 .
• If I were a designer , I would design a spaceship .
• If I were clever enough , I would have designed a spaceship.
• If I were an astronaut , I would travel into space.
虚拟语气
6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been
if引导的虚拟条件句
2. 隐藏 if 的虚拟条件句-无“条件” 的虚拟条件句条件” 的虚拟语气句子
这里所谓的“无条件”指的是句子表层没有通常 使用的if 使用的if 引起的表示条件的句子。其深层结构或 是上下文中还是有条件的。 这种条件可以用介词、名词、连词、分词短语、 动词不定式、定语从句、祈使句或是上下文等表 示出来，用的是跳层或间接的方式。 表示“无条件”的连词有with， without， 表示“无条件”的连词有with， without，but that-clause/ but, or/ else/otherwise, for/ but that-clause/ but, or/or else/otherwise, for/ even , in case of，what if(如果…将如何)。这种 of， if(如果…将如何) 句子往往是有主句而无从句。
在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引导虚拟 条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒 条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒 句型，即将从句中的were, 装句型，即将从句中的were, should, , had 等提到句首。
1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句 省略if
如果她在这里，她也同意的。 If she were here, she would agree too. →Were she here, she would agree too. 假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。 假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.
1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句 省略if
虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略
虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略语言是灵活多变的，表达是丰富多彩的。
有的时候虚拟语气的表现形式也显得非常灵活，比如就说其中的虚拟条件吧——它有时会以if从句来表示，但有时会用某种短语来表示，比如不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语等等。
1. if的隐含I should be happy to go with you.如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。
句中的不定式短语to go with you就是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if I could go with you。
这句话的言外之意是：可惜我不一定有机会同你一起去。
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。
句中的不定式短语to have studied harder也是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if you had studied harder。
句子的言外之意是：可惜你当时没有更用功我，所以你就没有考及格。
Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？句中的分词短语failing this time表示虚拟条件，相当于if you failed this time。
其言外之意是：尽管失败的可能性很小，但还是有可能会失败，假若失败了，那怎么办？Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们就不会取得成功。
句中的介词短语without your help表示虚拟条件，相当于if you hadn’t given us help。
其言外之意是：好在你帮助了我们，所以我们取得了成功。
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
虚拟条件句中if的隐含和省略
． ． ． ． ． ． ． — —
ｃ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｕ ｍｅ ｒ ｃ ｏ ｍｐ ｌ ａ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｓ
【 分析】 答案为 Ａ 。 ｗ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ 在此引导定语从句， 其先行词为 ｃ ａ ｓ ｅ ｓ 。 在一般情况下 ， 定语从句应
２ ．Ｆ ｏ ｒ ｍａ ｎ ｙ ｃ ｉ ｔ ｉ ｅ ｓ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｗｏ ｒ ｌ ｄ ，ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｉ ｓ ｎ ｏ ｒ ｏ ｏ ｍ ｔ ｏ ｓ ｐ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｆ ｕ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ，
ｉ ｓ ａ ｎ ｅ ｘ ａ ｍｐ ｌ ｅ ．
中 学 英 语 之 友 ． 高 三 版⑨
请 看 下 面两道 高考 题 ：
１ ．Ｌ ａ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｃ ｈ ａ ｐ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｃ ａ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｗｉ ｌ ｌ ｂ ｅ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｄ ｕ ｃ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｕ ｈｅ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｈ ａ ｎ ｇ ｅ ｓ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｌ ａ ｗ．
— —
Ｎｅ ｗ Ｙｏ ｒ ｋ
Ａ．ｆ ｏ ｒ ｗ ｈ ｉ ｃ ｈ
Ｂ．ｉ ｎ ｗ ｈ ｉ ｃ ｈ
Ｃ ．ｏ ｆ ｗｈ ｉ ｃ ｈ
Ｄ．ｆ ｒ ｏ ｍ ｗ ｈ ｉ为 ｃ 。 ｏ ｆ ｗ ｈ ｉ ｃ ｈ 在此引导非限制性定语从句 ， 其先行词为前面的 ｍ ａ ｎ ｙ ｃ ｉ ｔ ｉ ｅ ｓ 。 通 １ 常 情况 ， 定语 从 句应 紧跟 在先 行词 之后 ， 其 间不 能插人 其他 成分 ， 但 在本 题 中 ， 定语 从 句与先 行
【 分析】 旬 中的 ｈ ａ ｄ不 是构 成 过去完 成 时 的助动 词 ， 而是 表示 “ 有” ， 如果不 省 略 ｉ ｆ ， 其完 整形
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(if条件句)
He was great,
Because he grows rice that has a high output
Because he finds ways to grow more rice.
Because he circulates his knowledge abroad
Because he gives money to equip others for their research
• If the farmer hadn’t seen the snake , he wouldn’t have put it in the arms.
• If he hadn’t put it in the arms , the snake wouldn’t have bitten him.
• If the snake hadn’t bitten him , he wouldn’t have died.
Were it not to rain tomorrow , we would have a picnic.
Should it rain tomorrow , we would have a picnic.
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 2.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句
所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而定。
Learning about Language
We enjoyed learning English
Because English is a very beautiful language.
Because we can enjoy a lot of funny stories if we know English.
公开课-虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法1
When(时间）
Structure (结构）
与_过_去__事_o_n_e_(动_词_过__去_分_词_）_…_, sbw__ou__ld__(n_o_t_) _h_a_v_e_d_o_n_e_(动. 词过去分词）
Practice 2
1.I __w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__s_tu_d_i_e_d (study) English when I was a child if I __h_a_d_k_n_o_w__n_______(know) the importance (重要性)of it.
are thinking.
Two-year-old:
If I __c_o_u_l_d__(can) talk, I __w_o_u__ld__te_l_l___(tell) my mother that I hate peas.
14 year-old:
I ___w_o_u_l_d_b_e____(be) happier if I _c_o_u_l_d__(can) drive.
3. Eason doesn’t think he will ever win a singing Competition（比赛）. If, by chance, he
_w_e_r_e__to__w_i_n_/s_h_o_u_l_d__w_i_n_/w_on (win), he __w_o_u_l_d_s_p_e_n_d_ (spend) the prize money on a computer.
If you had worked hard ,you would have passed the exam .
If they had had enough rain last year, they would have gained good harvest.
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I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be 或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.==>WereI in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn‟t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.It was Bill‟s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.It…s natural that she (should) do so.It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.4. 在lest 和for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.Have your gun ready in case we should need it.III: wish 后的that 从句中:1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.I wish I knew his address.I wish I were young.2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.I wish you had written to him.I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.IV: 在It‟s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”It is about time you were in bed.It is high time we left.It is the first time I came here.V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”I would rather he came tomorrow than today.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思）感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.If only he didn‟t drive so fast!(现在)If only she had asked someone‟s advice.(过去)If only the rain would stop.(将来)VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.He speaks as if he were on the spot.She spoke to me as if I were deaf.This device operated as though it had been repaired.注: 1. 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.He looks as if he is going to be ill.2. 在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.She insists that she is right.She insisted that I should finish the work at once.所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中I would write to her, but I don’t know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。
(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But…)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。
(=If you had studied harder, you…)2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。
(=If he had been born in bette r times, he would…)Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what would…)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。