湖北省武汉市部分重点高中学(武汉一中、三中等)2020-2021学年第一学期期中联考高一数学试卷解析
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点高中联考高一(上)期中物理试卷
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点高中联考高一(上)期中物理试卷1.下列物理量属于矢量的是A. 质量B. 力C. 时间D. 路程2.第届夏季奥林匹克运动会,将在年月在东京举行,共设个大项,个小项比赛。
新增滑板、冲浪、攀岩、棒垒球和空手道个大项。
届时,来自个国家的万余名运动员将向世界奉献一届精彩的奥运会,在考察下列运动员的比赛成绩时,可视为质点的是A. 马拉松B. 跳水C. 击剑D. 体操3.关于重力下列说法正确的是A. 重力的方向总是垂直地面向下B. 重力的大小只与质量有关C. 重心概念的建立应用了等效替代的思想D. 物体所受的重力只有受力物体,没有施力物体4.年月日,女超决赛中,武汉女足:完胜冠军江苏女足,首次登顶女超冠军,这是中国足球职业化年以来武汉足球拿到的首个顶级联赛冠军。
如图所示为四种与足球有关的情景,下列说法确的是A. 图中,静止在草地上的足球对草地的压力就是它的重力B. 图中,静止在地上的两个足球由于接触面一定受到相互作用的弹力C. 图中,落在球网中的足球会受到弹力是由于足球发生了形变D. 图中,被踢出在空中运动的足球受到重力、空气的阻力5.关于速度和加速度的关系,下列说法中正确的是A. 物体的加速度减小时,速度一定减小B. 物体的速度改变量越大,加速度也越大C. 物体的速度为零时,加速度必为零D. 物体的加速度增大时,速度可能增大6.时,甲、乙两物体同时从同一地点出发沿同一直线运动,以出发点为参考点,它们的位移时间图象如图所示,则在时刻A. 它们的速度相同,甲在乙的前方B. 它们的位置相同,甲的速度小于乙的速度C. 它们的速度相同,乙在甲的前方D. 它们的位置相同,乙的速度小于甲的速度7.两个小球从两个不同高度处自由下落,结果同时到达地面,如图所示四幅图中,能正确表示它们的运动的是A. B.C. D.8.如图所示,竖直的轻质弹簧连接、两物体,弹簧劲度系数为,、质量分别为、;放在水平地面上,也静止。
湖北省部分重点中学2020—2021学年度上学期高三10月联考(物理试题)
湖北省部分重点中学2020—2021学年度上学期高三十月联考物理试卷命题学校:武汉市洪山高级中学命题教师:徐美奖审题教师:朱功杰考试时间:2020年10月15日上午10:20—-11:50试卷满分:100分★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,用签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.在人类对物质运动规律的认识过程中,许多物理学家大胆猜想、勇于质疑,取得了辉煌的成就。
下列对有关物理学家以及他们的成就的描述中,正确的是()A .开普勒潜心研究第谷的天文观测数据,总结出了万有引力定律B .卡文迪许进行了“月﹣地”检验,并测出了万有引力常量C .牛顿发现太阳与行星之间的作用力规律,并将其推广到自然界中任何两个物体之间D .在研究人造地球卫星的“高速”运动时,牛顿运动定律并不适用2.如图所示为甲、乙两物体沿同一直线运动的t v -图像。
0=t 时刻起,甲物体做匀减速直线运动,乙物体做变加速直线运动。
在2~0t 时间内()A .甲、乙两物体运动方向相反B .甲、乙两物体运动的平均速度大小均为221v v +C .若甲、乙两物体从同一位置开始运动,则1t 时刻两物体相遇D .若甲、乙两物体在2t 时刻相遇,则0=t 时刻,甲物体在乙物体前3.“神舟十号”女航天员王亚平于北京时间2013年6月20日上午十时在太空给地面的中小学生讲课。
此次太空课堂是我国利用载人航天活动普及航天知识的一次重大尝试,“太空老师”王亚平讲解了一种用牛顿第二定律来测物体质量的方法,其原理如图所示。
在太空舱中将标准物体1m 与待测物体2m 紧靠在一起,施加一水平推力N F 100=后,在观测时间s t 02.0=∆内,标准物体1m 和待测物体2m 的速度变化是s m /4.0。
湖北省武汉市部分重点高中2020-2021学年高一上学期期中联考数学试题含答案
湖北省武汉市部分重点高中2020-2021学年高一上学期期中联考数学试题含答案B.g(x)x 1x1C.h(x)x2 1D.k(x)x 210.已知函数f(x)x33x22x,g(x)ax2bx c,若f(x)g(x)2,则aA.1B.1C.2D. 211.已知函数f(x)x22x1,g(x)x1,则f(g(x))A.x22x2B.x22x3C.x23x2D.x23x 312.已知函数f(x)x2x2,g(x)x1,则f(g(x))A.x22x3B.x22x3C.x22x3D.x22x 3武汉市部分重点中学2020-2021学年度上学期期中联考高一数学试卷1.函数 $f(x)=\frac{3x^2}{1-x}-\frac{2}{3x+1}$ 的定义域是A。
$(-\infty,-1)\cup(1,\infty)$B。
$(-\infty,-1)\cup(-1,1)$C。
$[-1,1]$D。
$(-\infty,-\frac{1}{3})\cup(\frac{1}{3},\infty)$2.集合 $A=\{xy=2(2-x)\}$,$B=\{yy=2x,x>1\}$,则$A\cap B$=A。
$[0,2]$B。
$(1,2]$C。
$[1,2]$D。
$(1,+\infty)$3.已知命题 $p:\forall x>0,\ (x+1)e^x>1$,则命题 $p$ 的否定为A。
$\exists x\leq 0,\ (x+1)e^x\leq 1$B。
$\exists x>0,\ (x+1)e^x\leq 1$C。
$\exists x>0,\ (x+1)e^x\leq 1$D。
$\exists x\leq 0,\ (x+1)e^x\leq 1$4.设 $a=0.6^{0.6}$,$b=0.6^{1.2}$,$c=1.2^{0.6}$,则$a$,$b$,$c$ 的大小关系是A。
$a<b<c$B。
湖北省武汉市第三中学2020-2021学年高一上学期10月月考数学试题
湖北省武汉市第三中学2020-2021学年高一上学期10月月考数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.设集合{}0,1,2A =,则集合{}|,B x y x A y A =-∈∈中元素的个数是( )A .1B .3C .5D .92.已知命题:p “x R ∀∈,22240x mx m -+-=”,则p ⌝为( )A .0x R ∃∈,2200240x mx m -+-≠B .0x R ∃∈,2200240x mx m -+-=,C .不存在x ∈R ,22240x mx m -+-=D .x R ∀∈,22240x mx m -+-≠ 3.当b a <时,不等式1x a x b ->-的解是( ) A .{}x x b < B .{}x x b > C .R D .以上均不对 4.下列四个函数中,在()0,∞+上为增函数的是( )A .()3f x x =-B .()23f x x x =-C .()11f x x =-+D .()f x x =-5.如图所示,液体从一个圆锥形漏斗漏入一个圆柱形桶中,开始时漏斗中盛满液体,经过3秒漏完,圆柱形桶中液面上升速度是一个常量,则漏斗中液面下降的高度H 与下降时间t 之间的函数关系的图象只可能是( )A .B .C .D .6.设a ,b ∈R ,则“a >b ”是“a |a |>b |b |”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分又不必要条件7.已知函数241y x x =-+的定义域为[]1,t ,在该定义域内函数的最大值与最小值之和为-5,则实数t 的取值范围是( )A .(1,3]B .[2,3]C .(1,2]D .(2,3)8.定义[]x 表示不超过x 的最大整数,如[]1.81=,[]1.42-=-,[]33-=-,函数[]y x =的图象如图所示,则方程[]212x x =的解为( )A或B .1或2C .1或2-D .0二、多选题 9.对于实数,,a b c ,下列说法正确的是( )A .若0a b >>,则11a b <B .若a b >,则22ac bc ≥C .若0a b >>,则2ab a <D .若c a b >>,则a b c a c b>-- 10.下列四个函数值域为R 的函数为( )A .211y x =+B .3y x =-C .2210y x x =+- D .()()010x x y x x ⎧-≤⎪=⎨->⎪⎩11.设P 是一个数集,且至少含有两个数,若对任意a ,b ∈P ,都有a +b ,a -b ,ab ,ab∈P (b ≠0),则称P 是一个数域,例如有理数集Q 是数域,下列命题中正确的是( ) A .数域必含有0,1两个数 B .整数集是数域C .若有理数集Q ⊆M ,则数集M 一定是数域D .数域中有无限多个元素12.已知0a >,0b >,给出下列四个不等式,其中一定成立的不等式为( )A.a b ++≥B .()114a b a b ⎛⎫++≥ ⎪⎝⎭C.2≥+ab a bD22a b ≥+三、填空题 13.已知集合22{2,(1),33}A a a a =+++,且1A ∈,则实数a 的值为________.14.已知集合A ={x |1<x <3},B ={x |-1<x <m +2},若x ∈B 成立的一个充分不必要条件是x ∈A ,则实数m 的取值范围是______.15.已知函数f (x )是定义在区间[0,+∞)上的函数,且在该区间上单调递增,则满足1(21)()3f x f -<的x 的取值范围是______________. 16.已知a R ∈,函数()22220220x x a x f x x x a x ⎧++-≤=⎨-+->⎩,,,.若对任意x ∈[–3,+∞),f (x )≤x 恒成立,则a 的取值范围是__________.四、解答题17.已知集合{}02A x x =≤≤,{}21,B x a x a a R =+≤≤-∈(1)当1a =-时,求()R A B ⋃;(2)若A B =∅,求a 的取值范围. 18.已知不等式()21460a x x --+>的解集为{}31x x -<<.(1)解不等式()2220x a x a +-->; (2)b 为何值时,230ax bx ++≥的解集为R ?19.已知函数222(+1)1x x f x x ++=+. (1)求函数()f x 的解析式;(2)根据函数单调性的定义证明()f x 在(0,1)上单调递减.20.已知函数()f x =(1)若()f x 的定义域为R ,求实数a 的取值范围;(2)若()f x 的值域为[)0,+∞,求实数a 的取值范围.21.某厂家拟在2004年举行促销活动,经调查测算,该产品的年销售量(即该厂的年产量)x 万件与年促销费用m 万元(()0m ≥满足31x k m =-+)(k 为常数),如果不搞促销活动,则该产品的年销售量只能是1万件.已知2004年生产该产品的固定投入为8万元,每生产1万件该产品需要再投入16万元,厂家将每件产品的销售价格定为每件产品年平均成本的1.5倍(产品成本包括固定投入和再投入两部分资金).(1)将2004年该产品的利润y 万元表示为年促销费用m 万元的函数;(2)该厂家2004年的促销费用投入多少万元时,厂家的利润最大?22. 设a 为实数,函数()21f x x x a =--+,x ∈R . (I)当a=0时,求f(x)在区间[0,2]上的最大值和最小值;(Ⅱ)求函数f(x)的最小值.参考答案1.C【解析】∵A={0,1,2},B={x ﹣y|x ∈A ,y ∈A},∴当x=0,y 分别取0,1,2时,x ﹣y 的值分别为0,﹣1,﹣2;当x=1,y 分别取0,1,2时,x ﹣y 的值分别为1,0,﹣1;当x=2,y 分别取0,1,2时,x ﹣y 的值分别为2,1,0;∴B={﹣2,﹣1,0,1,2},∴集合B={x ﹣y|x ∈A ,y ∈A}中元素的个数是5个.故选C .2.A【解析】【分析】全称量词改成存在量词,等于改成不等于即可得到.【详解】因为:p “x R ∀∈,22240x mx m -+-=”,所以p ⌝:22000",240"x R x mx m ∃∈-+-≠.故选A.【点睛】本题考查了含一个量词的命题的否定,属于基础题.3.A【解析】【分析】 不等式可化为0b a x b->-,根据b a <可得x b <,即得解. 【详解】 1x a x b ->-,10x a x b -->-∴,即0b a x b->-, b a <,即0b a -<,0x b ∴-<,即x b <,故不等式的解集为{}x x b <.故选:A.【点睛】本题考查不等式的求解,属于基础题.4.C【解析】【分析】A. 利用一次函数的性质判断;B. 利用二次函数的性质判断;C. 利用反比例函数的性质判断;D. 由(),0,0x x f x x x x -≥⎧=-=⎨<⎩,利用一次函数的性质判断; 【详解】A. 由一次函数的性质知:()3f x x =-在()0,∞+上为减函数,故错误;B. 由二次函数的性质知:()2239324f x x x x ⎛⎫=-=-- ⎪⎝⎭在30,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭递减,在 3,2⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上递增,故错误;C. 由反比例函数的性质知:()11f x x =-+在(),1-∞- 上递增,在()1,-+∞递增,则在()0,∞+上为增函数,故正确;D. 由(),0,0x x f x x x x -≥⎧=-=⎨<⎩知:函数在()0,∞+上为减函数,故错误; 故选:C【点睛】本题主要考查一次函数,二次函数和反比例函数的单调性,属于基础题.5.B【解析】【分析】利用特殊值法,圆柱液面上升速度是常量,表示圆锥漏斗中液体单位时间内落下的体积相同,当时间取1.5分钟时,液面下降高度与漏斗高度的12比较. 【详解】解:由于所给的圆锥形漏斗上口大于下口,当时间取12t时,漏斗中液面下落的高度不会达到漏斗高度的12,对比四个选项的图象可得结果.故选:B.【点睛】本题考查的是函数的图象和分段函数的综合类问题.在解答的过程当中充分体现了分段函数的知识、分类讨论的思想以及函数图象的知识.属于基础题.6.C【解析】【分析】根据不等式的基本性质,结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断,即可得到结论.【详解】由a>b,①当a>b≥0时,不等式a|a|>b|b|等价为a•a>b•b,此时成立.②当0>a>b时,不等式a|a|>b|b|等价为﹣a•a>﹣b•b,即a2<b2,此时成立.③当a≥0>b时,不等式a|a|>b|b|等价为a•a>﹣b•b,即a2>﹣b2,此时成立,即充分性成立;由a|a|>b|b|,①当a>0,b>0时,a|a|>b|b|去掉绝对值得,(a﹣b)(a+b)>0,因为a+b>0,所以a﹣b>0,即a>b.②当a>0,b<0时,a>b.③当a<0,b<0时,a|a|>b|b|去掉绝对值得,(a﹣b)(a+b)<0,因为a+b<0,所以a﹣b>0,即a>b.即必要性成立,综上可得“a>b”是“a|a|>b|b|”的充要条件,故选:C.【点睛】本题主要考查了充要条件的判定,以及不等式的基本性质的综合应用,意在考查推理与运算能力,属于中档试题.7.B【解析】∵ 函数241y x x =-+∴函数241y x x =-+是开口向上,对称轴为2x =的抛物线∵函数241y x x =-+的定义域为[]1,t∴当1x =时,2y =-,当2x =时,3y =-∵函数在定义域内函数的最大值与最小值之和为-5∴当2y =-时,1x =或3x =∴23t ≤≤故选B8.D【解析】【分析】分12x ≤<、01x ≤<、0x <和2x ≥时依次求解即可.【详解】当12x ≤<时,2112x =,解得x = 当01x ≤<时,2102x =,解得0x =; 当0x <时,[]0x <,所以方程无解; 当2x ≥时,[]x x <,2210222x x x x --=>,即2[]2x x >,所以方程[]212x x =无解.所以方程[]212x x =的解为0故选:D.【点睛】本题主要考查了方程的求解,理解[]x 的定义是解题的关键,难度一般.9.ABC【解析】【分析】根据不等式的基本性质对各项依次进行判断,即可选出正确答案.【详解】A.在0a b >>三边同时除以ab 得110b a>>,故A 正确; B.由a b >及2c ≥0得22ac bc ≥,故B 正确;C.由0a b >>知a b >且0a >,则2a ab >,故C 正确;D.若1,2,3c a b =-=-=-,则2a c a =--,32b c b =--, 322-<-,故D 错误. 故选:ABC.【点睛】本题考查了不等关系与不等式、不等式的性质,属于基础题.10.BD【解析】【分析】分别求出各个函数的值域,即可判断.【详解】对于A ,211x +≥,21011x ∴<≤+,故211y x =+的值域为(]0,1,故A 错误; 对于B ,3y x =-的值域为R ,故B 错误;对于C ,()2221011111y x x x =+-=+-≥-,则2210y x x =+-的值域为[)11,-+∞,故C 错误;对于D ,当0x ≤时,0y x =-≥,当0x >时,10y x=-<,故该函数的值域为R ,故D 正确.故选:BD.【点睛】本题考查函数值域的求解,属于基础题.11.AD【解析】【分析】根据数域的定义逐项进行分析即可.【详解】当a b =时,0a b -=、1a P b =∈,故可知A 正确; 当1a =,2b =,12Z ∉不满足条件,故可知B 不正确; 当{}M Q i =⋃,则1i M +∉所以它也不是一个数域,故可知C 不正确;根据数据的性质易得数域有无限多个元素,必为无限集,故可知D 正确.故选:AD .【点睛】本题主要考查集合的新定义问题,解题时一定要抓住题目中对定义的理解,属于中档题. 12.ABD【解析】【分析】选项A,利用基本不等式得a b +≥,再利用基本不等式得≥次等号成立的条件必须相同;选项B ,把()11a b a b ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭展开,利用基本不等式即可证明;选项C ,由基本不等式可判断;选项D ,作差法证明()()22220a b ab a b +-+≥即得. 【详解】对A,0,0,a b a b >>∴+≥≥=a b =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩,即2a b ==时,等号成立,故A 正确; 对B ,()110,0,224b a a b a b a b a b ⎛⎫>>∴++=++≥+= ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当b a a b =,即a b =时等号成立,故B 正确;对C ,0,0a b >>,2ab a b ∴≤=+a b =时等号成立,故C 错误;对D ,0,0a b >>,()()()()()()2222233220a b ab a b a b a b a b a ab b ∴+-+=--=-++≥,()()2222a bab a b ∴+≥+,()()2222ab a bab+∴≥+,22a b ≥+,故D 正确.故选:ABD. 【点睛】本题考查基本不等式和作差法比较大小,属于中档题. 13.1-或0 【解析】 【分析】根据题意,考虑到各种可能性,分别解方程,并注意检验集合元素的互异性,即可得到答案. 【详解】若()211,a +=则0a =或2,a =-当0a =时,{}2,1,3A =,符合元素的互异性; 当2a =-时,{}2,1,1A =,不符合元素的互异性,舍去 若2a 3a 31,++=则1a =-或2,a =-当1a =-时,{}2,0,1A =,符合元素的互异性; 当2a =-时,{}2,1,1A =,不符合元素的互异性,舍去; 故答案为:1-或0. 【点睛】本题考查元素与集合的关系,集合元素的互异性是关键点,属基础题. 14.m 1≥ 【解析】 【分析】由x ∈B 成立的一个充分不必要的条件是x ∈A ,A 是B 的一个真子集求解. 【详解】∵x B ∈成立的一个充分不必要条件是x A ∈,∴A B ,∴23m +≥,∴m 1≥. 故答案为:m 1≥. 【点睛】本题主要通过简易逻辑来考查集合间的关系,考查充分不必要条件的应用,属于基础题. 15.12[,)23【解析】由已知可得21012{123213x x x -≥⇒≤<⇒-< 正确答案为12[,)23.16.1,28⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】 【分析】由题意分类讨论0x >和0x ≤两种情况,结合恒成立的条件整理计算即可求得最终结果. 【详解】分类讨论:①当0x >时,()f x x ≤即:222x x a x -+-≤, 整理可得:21122a x x ≥-+, 由恒成立的条件可知:()2max 11022a x x x ⎛⎫≥-+> ⎪⎝⎭, 结合二次函数的性质可知:当12x =时,2max 1111122848x x ⎛⎫-+=-+= ⎪⎝⎭,则18a ≥; ②当30x -≤≤时,()f x x ≤即:222x x a x ++-≤-,整理可得:232a x x ≤--+, 由恒成立的条件可知:()()2min3230a x x x ≤--+-≤≤,结合二次函数的性质可知: 当3x =-或0x =时,()2min322x x --+=,则2a ≤;综合①②可得a 的取值范围是1,28⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,故答案为1,28⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦.点睛:对于恒成立问题,常用到以下两个结论:(1)a ≥f (x )恒成立⇔a ≥f (x )max ;(2)a ≤f (x )恒成立⇔a ≤f (x )min .有关二次函数的问题,数形结合,密切联系图象是探求解题思路的有效方法.一般从:①开口方向;②对称轴位置;③判别式;④端点函数值符号四个方面分析. 17.(1){0x x <或}2x >;(2)12a >-. 【解析】 【分析】(1)代入1a =-,求出集合B ,先求出AB ,即可求出()RA B ⋃;(2)分B =∅,B ≠∅讨论求解a 的取值范围. 【详解】(1)1a =-时,{}12B x x =≤≤,{}02A B x x ∴⋃=≤≤, (){0RA B x x ∴⋃=<或}2x >;(2)当B =∅时,则21a a +>-,得12a >-; 当B ≠∅时,则2110a a a +≤-⎧⎨-<⎩或2122a aa +≤-⎧⎨+>⎩,无解,综上,12a >-. 【点睛】本题考查集合的基本运算,考查根据集合的交集求参数范围,属于基础题. 18.(1){|1x x <-或3}2x >;(2)66b -≤≤. 【解析】 【分析】(1)由已知条件结合韦达定理可求出a 的值,进而求出一元二次不等式求其解集; (2)由(1)得2330x bx ++≥的解集为R ,所以判别式小于等于零,可求出b 的范围. 【详解】(1)由题意知10a -<且-3和1是方程2(1)460a xx 的两根,∴10421631a a a⎧⎪-<⎪⎪=-⎨-⎪⎪=-⎪-⎩ 解得3a =. ∴不等式22(2)0xa x a ,即为2230x x -->,解得1x <-或32x >. ∴所求不等式的解集为{|1x x <-或3}2x >; (2)230ax bx ++≥,即为2330x bx ++≥, 若此不等式的解集为R ,则24330b ∆=-⨯⨯≤, 解得66b -≤≤. 【点睛】本题考查了一元二次不等式的解法和由一元二次不等的解集求参数,考查了一元二次不等式恒成立问题,考查了计算能力,属于中档题. 19.(1)1()f x x x=+;(2)证明见解析. 【解析】 【分析】(1)可得出2(1)1(1)1x f x x +++=+,从而得出211()x f x x x x+==+;(2)根据单调性的定义,设任意的1x ,2(0,1)x ∈,并且12x x <,然后作差,通分,提取公因式,从而得出12121212()(1)()()x x x x f x f x x x ---=,然后说明12()()f x f x >即可.【详解】 (1)2222(1)1(1)11x x x f x x x +++++==++,∴211()x f x x x x+==+; (2)证明:1x ∀,2(0,1)x ∈,且12x x <,则: 1212121212121212()(1)111()()()()(1)x x x x f x f x x x x x x x x x x x ---=+-+=--=, 1x ,2(0,1)x ∈,1201x x ∴<<,1210x x -<,又由12x x <,得120x x -<,于是121212()(1)0x x x x x x -->, 即12())0(f x f x ->,12()()f x f x ∴>,∴函数1()f x x x=+在(0,1)上单调递减. 【点睛】考查换元法求函数解析式的方法,已知[()]f g x 求()f x 的方法,以及减函数的定义,根据减函数的定义证明一个函数为减函数的方法. 20.(1)5,111⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦;(2)51,11⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎣⎦.【解析】 【分析】(1)由题可知()()2213160a xa x -+-+≥恒成立,讨论210a -=和210a -≠两种情况求解;(2)先讨论210a -=时的情况,再讨论210a -≠时,可得()()22210914610a a a ⎧->⎪⎨∆=--⨯-≥⎪⎩,解出即可. 【详解】(1)若()f x 的定义域为R ,则()()2213160a xa x -+-+≥恒成立,当210a -=时,1a =±,①若1a =,则60≥恒成立,符合题意,②若1a =-,则660x +≥,解得1x ≥-,不符合题意,当210a -≠时,则()()22210914610a a a ⎧->⎪⎨∆=--⨯-≤⎪⎩,解得5111a -≤<, 综上,5111a -≤≤; (2)当210a -=时,1a =±,①若1a =,则()f x =,不符合题意, ②若1a =-,则()0f x =≥,符合题意,当210a -≠时,则()()22210914610a a a ⎧->⎪⎨∆=--⨯-≥⎪⎩,解得5111a -<≤-, 综上,5111a -≤≤-.【点睛】本题考查根据函数的定义域和值域求参数范围,属于中档题. 21.(1)16[(1)]29(0)1y m m m =-+++≥+;(2)21万元. 【解析】 【分析】(1)由0m =时,1x =,解得2k =,得到每件产品的销售价格为8161.5xx+⨯元,进而列出函数的解析式;(2)由0m ≥时,结合基本不等式,求得16(1)81m m ++≥+,即可求解. 【详解】(1)由题意,当0m =时,1x =(万件),可得13k =-,解得2k =, 所以231x m =-+,每件产品的销售价格为8161.5x x+⨯元, ∴2004年的利润()8161.581648x y x x m x m x +⎡⎤=⋅⨯-++=+-⎢⎥⎣⎦21648(3)[(1)]29,(0)11m m m m m =+--=-+++≥++. (2)因为0m ≥时,16(1)81m m ++≥=+,所以82921y ≤-+=,当且仅当1611m m =++时,即3m =(万元)时,max 21y =(万元). 【点睛】本题主要考查了函数的实际应用问题,其中解答中正确理解题意,列出函数关系式,结合基本不等式求解是解答的关键,着重考查分析问题和解答问题的能力. 22.(I )见解析;(II )当0a <时,()f x 的最小值为34a +;当0a ≥时,()f x 的最小值为34a - 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】试题分析:(Ⅰ)根据0a =时,x 在[0]2, 上,去绝对值,根据二次函数的单调性即可求解在区间[0]2,上的最大值和最小值; (Ⅱ)利用零点分段去绝对值,根据对称轴分情况讨论即可求函数f x ()的最小值试题解析:(I )当0a =,[]0,2x ∈时,函数()21f x x x =-+,因为()f x 的图象抛物线开口向上,对称轴为12x =, 所以,当12x =时,()f x 值最小,最小值为34; 当2x =时,()f x 值最大,最大值为3.(II )①当x a ≤时,函数()2213124f x x x a x a ⎛⎫=+-+=+-+ ⎪⎝⎭.若12a ≤-,则()f x 在(],a -∞上单调递减,在(],a -∞上的最小值为()21f a a =+; 若12a >-,则函数()f x 在(],a -∞上的最小值为1324f a ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭; ②当x a >时,()2213124f x x x a x a ⎛⎫=-++=-++ ⎪⎝⎭. 若12a <,则()f x 在[),a +∞上的最小值为1324f a ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭;若12a ≥,则()f x 在[),a +∞上单调递增,()()21f x f a a >=+. 所以,当12a ≤-时,22311042a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫+-+=-≥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()f x 的最小值为34a +. 当12a ≥时,22311042a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫+--=+≥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()f x 的最小值为34a -.当1122a -<<时,()f x 的最小值为34a +与34a -中小者.所以,当102a -<<时,()f x 的最小值为34a +;当102a ≤<时,()f x 的最小值为34a -.综上,当0a <时,()f x 的最小值为34a +;当0a ≥时,()f x 的最小值为34a -【点睛】本题主要考查函数最值的求解,利用零点分段思想以及一元二次函数的性质是解决本题的关键.。
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点中学高一(上)期中数学试卷及答案
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点中学高一(上)期中数学试卷一、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.(5分)下面四个关系中正确的是()A.∅∈{0}B.a∉{a}C.0⊆{0}D.{a,b}⊆{b,a} 2.(5分)已知集合A={﹣1,0,1,2},B={x|﹣1<x≤1},则A∩B=()A.{0,1}B.{﹣1,1}C.{﹣1,0,1}D.{0,1,2} 3.(5分)函数f(x)=x+的图象是()A.B.C.D.4.(5分)已知函数f(x)=,则f[f(﹣2)]的值为()A.1B.2C.4D.55.(5分)已知函数y=f(x)的定义域为[0,2],则函数f(2x+1)的定义域为()A.[0,2]B.C.[1,5]D.[0,5]6.(5分)已知命题p:∃x<y,使得x|x|≥y|y|,则¬p为()A.∃x≥y,使得.x|x|≥y|y|B.∀x≥y,总有x|x|<y|y|C.∃x<y,使得x|x|<y|y|D.∀x<y,总有.x|x|<y|y|7.(5分)定义在R上的奇函数f(x)在[0,+∞)上单调递减,若f(1)=﹣1,则满足﹣1≤f(x﹣2)≤1的x的取值范围是()A.[﹣2,2]B.[﹣1,1]C.[0,4]D.[1,3]8.(5分)咖啡产品的经营和销售如何在中国开拓市场是星巴克、漫咖啡等欧美品牌一直在探索的内容,而2018年至今中国咖啡行业的发展实践证明了以优质的原材料供应以及大量优惠券、买赠活动吸引消费者无疑是开拓咖啡的中国市场的最有效的方式之一.若某品牌的某种在售咖啡产品价格为30元/杯,其原材料成本为7元/杯,营销成本为5元/杯,且品牌门店提供如下4种优惠方式:(1)首杯免单,每人限用一次;(2)3.8折优惠券,每人限用一次;(3)买2杯送2杯,每人限用两次;(4)买5杯送5杯,不限使用人数和使用次数.每位消费者都可以用以上4种优惠方式中选择不多于2种使用.现在某个公司有5位后勤工作人员去该品牌门店帮每位技术人员购买1杯咖啡,购买杯数与技术人员人数须保持一致;请问,这个公司的技术人员不少于()人时,无论5位后勤人员采用什么样的优惠方式购买咖啡,这笔订单该品牌门店都能保证盈利.A.28B.29C.30D.31二、选择题(本小题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得3分.)9.(5分)已知集合A={﹣2,﹣1,0,1},B={x|(x﹣1)(x+2)≤0},则()A.A∩B={﹣2,﹣1,0,1}B.A∪B={﹣2,﹣1,0,1}C.A∩B={﹣1,0,1}D.A∪B={x|﹣2≤x≤1}10.(5分)下列各组函数是同一个函数的是()A.f(x)=x2﹣2x﹣1与g(t)=t2﹣2t﹣1B.f(x)=x0与g(x)=C.f(x)=与g(x)=D.f(x)=2x﹣1(x∈Z)与g(x)=2x+1(x∈Z)11.(5分)下列函数中,在区间(0,1)上是增函数的是()A.y=|x|B.y=x+3C.D.y=﹣x2+4 12.(5分)已知f(x)=x2﹣2x﹣3,x∈[0,a],a为大于0的常数,则f(x)的值域可能为()A.[﹣4,﹣3]B.R C.[﹣4,10]D.[﹣3,10]三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.)13.(5分)若函数y=x2+(2a﹣1)x+1在区间(﹣∞,2]上是减函数,则实数a的取值范围是.14.(5分)若a>0,b>0,则“a+b≤4”是“ab≤4”的条件.15.(5分)若命题“∃x∈R,使x2+(a﹣1)x+1<0”是假命题,则实数a的取值范围为.16.(5分)设a,b均为正数,且a+2b=1,则下列四个命题正确的有.①ab有最大值;②有最大值;③a2+b2有最小值;④a2﹣b2有最小值四、解答题(本题共6小题,共70分,17题10分。
湖北省武汉市部分学校2020-2021学年上学期高一10月联考数学试卷+PDF版含答案
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湖北省武汉市部分重点高中(一中、三中等)2020-2021学年高一上学期期中联考数学试卷及解析
湖北省武汉市部分重点高中(一中、三中等)2020-2021学年高一上学期期中联考数学试卷注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、选择题1.函数()f x =-的定义域是( )A.1,13⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭B.11,33⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ C.1,13⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦ D.1,3⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭2.集合{A x y ==,{}2,0x B y y x ==>,则A ∩B =( )A.[0,2]B.(1,2]C.[1,2]D.(1,+∞) 3.已知命题p :0x ∀>,总有(1)1x x e +>,则命题p 的否定为( )A.00x ∃≤,使得00(1)1xx e +≤ B.00x ∃>,使得00(1)1xx e +≤C.00x ∃>,总有(1)1x x e +≤D.0x ∃≤,总有(1)1x x e +≤ 4.设0.60.6a =, 1.20.6b =,0.61.2c =中,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系是( )A. a b c <<B.a c b <<C.b a c <<D.b c a << 5.函数()y f x =在区间()0,2上是增函数,函数() 2y f x =+是偶函数,则结论正确()A.()75122f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭B.()75122f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭C.()57122f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭D.()57122f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭6.已知函数2()28f x x kx =--在[-2,1]上具有单调性,则实数k 的取值范围是()A.k ≤-8B.k ≥4C.k ≤-8或k ≥4D.-8≤k ≤4 7.函数1()1x x f x e x -=++的部分图象大致是( )A. B.C. D.8.已知函数()1f x x =+,2()2x g x a +=+,若对任意1x ∈[3,4],存在2x ∈[-3,1],使12()()f x g x ≥,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A.4a ≤-B.2a ≤C.3a ≤D.4a ≤第II 卷(非选择题)二、填空题9.已知幂函数的图象过点,则这个函数的解析式为()f x =__________.10.已知函数,1()42,12x a x f x a x x ⎧>⎪=⎨⎛⎫-+≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩是R 上的增函数,则实数a 的取值范围是________.11.定义在R 上的偶函数()f x 满足:对任意的1x ,2x ∈(-∞,0](12x x ≠),有2121()()0f x f x x x -<-,且f (2)=0,则不等式()f x ≤0的解集是_________. 12.函数2()20202021f x ax x =-+(a >0),在区间[1t -,t +1](t ∈R )上函数()f x 的最大值为M ,最小值为N .当t 取任意实数时,M -N 的最小值为2,则a =________.三、解答题13.已知集合3A x x =≤-或}2x ≥,{}15B x x =<≤,{}12C x m x m =-≤≤. (1)求AB ,()R A B : (2)若BC C =,求实数m 的取值范围.14.已知命题p :实数x 满足245220x x ⋅-⋅+≥,命题q :实数x 满足2(21)(1)0x m x m m -+++≥.(1)求命题p 为真命题,求实数x 的取值范围;(2)若命题q 是命题p 的必要不充分条件,求实数m 的取值范围.15.已知二次函数2()2(1)4f x x a x =--+.(1)若()f x 为偶函数,求()f x 在[-1,3]上的值域;(2)当x ∈[1,2]时,()f x ax >恒成立,求实数a 的取值范围.16.为了保护环境,某工厂在政府部门的鼓励下进行技术改进:把二氧化碳转化为某种化工产品,经测算,该处理成本y (单位:万元)与处理量x (单位:吨)之间的函数关系可近似表示为2401600y x x =-+,[30,50]x ∈,已知每处理一吨二氧化碳可获得价值20万元的某种化工产品.(1)判断该技术改进能否获利?如果能获利,求出最大利润;如果不能获利,则国家至少需要补贴多少万元该工厂才不会亏损?(2)当处理量为多少吨时,每吨的平均处理成本最少? 17.已知函数()13133x x f x +-+=+. (1)判断()f x 的奇偶性;(2)判断函数()f x 的单调性,并用定义证明;(3)若不等式()()131330x x f f k k +-+⋅+>在区间[)0,+∞有解,求实数k 的取值范围. 18.已知函数9()f x x a a x=--+,a ∈R . (1)若a =0,试判断f (x )的奇偶性,并说明理由;(2)若函数()f x 在[1,a ]上单调,且对任意x ∈[1,a ],()f x <-2恒成立,求a 的取值范围;(3)若x ∈[1,6],当a ∈(3,6)时,求函数()f x 的最大值的表达式M (a ).四、新添加的题型)A.21()2x x f x -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭在1,2⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭上是单调递增函数 B.若函数2()2f x ax bx =++与x 轴没有交点,则280b a -<且a >0C.幂函数的图象都通过点(1,1)D.1y x =+和y =表示同一个函数20.若函数()f x 同时满足:①对于定义域上的任意x ,恒有()()0f x f x +-=;②()f x 在定义域上单调递减,则称函数()f x 对“理想函数”,下列四个函数中能被称为“理想函数”的有( )A.()f x x =-B.23()f x x =C.1()f x x =D.22,0(),0x x x f x x x x ⎧--≥=⎨-<⎩ 21.已知a ,b 为正实数,则下列判断中正确的是( ) A.11+b+4a a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ B.若a +b =2,则22a b +的最小值为4 C.若a >b ,则2211a b < D.若a +b =1,则14a b+的最小值是8 22.德国著名数学家狄利克雷在数学领域成就显著,是解析数论的创始人之一,以其名命名的函数1,()0x f x x ⎧=⎨⎩为有理数,为无理数称为狄利克雷函数,则关于()f x 下列说法正确的是( ) A.函数()f x 的值域是[0,1]B.,(())1x R f f x ∀∈=C.(2)()f x f x +=对任意x ∈R 恒成立D.存在三个点11(,())A x f x ,22(,())B x f x ,33(,())C x f x ,使得ABC 为等腰直角三角形参考答案1.A【解析】1.根据解析式直接列出式子即可求解.要使函数有意义,则10310x x ->⎧⎨+>⎩,解得113-<<x , ()f x ∴的定义域是1,13⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭. 故选:A.2.B【解析】2.根据集合内元素的描述,确定元素的范围,然后求两个集合的交集.02(2)02211x x y y -≥≤⎧⎧⇒⎨⎨>=>⎩⎩∴(]1,2A B =故选:B.3.B【解析】3.根据全称命题的否定形式否定即可得答案.解:因为全称命题“(),x M p x ∀∈成立”的否定为:“()00,x M p x ∃∈⌝成立”;所以命题p 的否定为:0:0p x ⌝∃>,使得00(1)1x x e +≤.故选:B.4.C【解析】4.根据指数函数,幂函数的单调性即可判断.因为指数函数0.6x y =是单调减函数,0.6 1.2<,所以0.6 1.20.60.6>,即a b >; 因为幂函数0.6y x =在()0,∞+上是增函数,0.6 1.2<,所以0.60.61.20.6>,即c a >. 综上,b a c <<.故选:C .【解析】5.根据函数() 2y f x =+是偶函数,得到函数()f x 的图象关于2x =对称,再根据()y f x =在区间()0,2上是增函数求解.因为函数() 2y f x =+是偶函数,所以()() 2 =2f x f x +-+,所以函数()f x 的图象关于2x =对称,又函数()y f x =在区间()0,2上是增函数, 所以()75122f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 故选:A6.C【解析】6.根据二次函数的单调性和对称轴之间的关系,建立条件求解即可.函数2()28f x x kx =--对称轴为4k x =, 要使()f x 在区间[-2,1]上具有单调性,则24k ≤-或14k ≥,∴8k ≤-或4k ≥ 综上所述k 的范围是:k ≤-8或k ≥4.故选:C.7.D【解析】7.利用指数和分式的性质,逐个判断选项即可当x →-∞时,120,1111x x e x x -→=-→++,所以,12()111x x x f x e e x x -=+=+-++的两条渐近线为y =1和1x =-,排除A 和B, 因为21(0)0,(1),(2)3f f e f e ===+,所以(2)(1)(1)(0)f f f f ->-,因此去掉C , 故选D【解析】8.依题意,问题转化为1min 2min ()()f x g x ≥,然后,利用函数的单调性求出min ()f x 和min ()g x 即可求解依题意只需1min 2min ()()f x g x ≥当1x ∈[3,4],()f x 单增,则min ()(3)4f x f ==当2x ∈[]3,1-,2()2x g x a +=+,即2x +取最小时,有2min ()g x[]20,3x +∈02min ()21g x a a =+=+∴14a +≤∴3a ≤.故选:C 9.12x .【解析】9.设()f x x α=,再根据待定系数法即可得答案.解:设幂函数()y f x =的解析式为()f x x α=, 幂函数()y f x =的图象过点2α=,解得12α=则12()f x x = 故答案为:12x10.[4,8)【解析】10. 根据函数,1()42,12x a x f x a x x ⎧>⎪=⎨⎛⎫-+≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩是R 上的增函数,则每一段都是增函数且1x =左侧的函数值不大于右侧的函数值.函数,1()42,12x a x f x a x x ⎧>⎪=⎨⎛⎫-+≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩是R 上的增函数, 函数14024122a a a a ⎧⎪>⎪⎪->⎨⎪⎪⎛⎫≥-⨯+ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩, 解得48a ≤<.故答案为:[4,8)11.[2,2]-【解析】11.由已知和偶函数的性质可得()f x 在[)0,+∞单调递增,且不等式()0f x ≤等价于()2f x f ,即可利用单调性求出.∵对∀1x ,2x ∈(-∞,0](12x x ≠),有2121()()0f x f x x x -<- ∴()f x 在(-∞,0]上单调递减,()f x 是R 上的偶函数,()f x ∴在[)0,+∞单调递增,()20f =, ∴不等式()0f x ≤等价于()2f x f ,2x ∴≤,解得22x -≤≤,故不等式的解集为[2,2]-.故答案为:[2,2]-.12.2【解析】12.求得对称轴,要使M N -最小,1t -与t +1必关于对称轴对称,从而最大值为(1)f t +,最小值为()f t ,由(1)()2f t f t +-=及对称轴可求得a .2()20202021f x ax x =-+ (a >0) 对称轴1010x a=要使M N -最小,1t -与t +1必关于对称轴对称 所以1010t a= ① (1)()2f t f t +-=22(1)2020(1)202120202021a t t at t +-++-+-220202at a =+-= ②联立①②得2×1010+-a 2020=2 ∴a =2.故答案为:2.13.(1){}25A B x x ⋂=≤≤,(){}35R A B x x ⋃=-<≤;(2)()5,12,2⎛⎤-∞- ⎥⎝⎦.【解析】13.(1)根据集合{3A x x =≤-或}2x ≥,{}15B x x =<≤,利用交集、补集和并集的运算求解.(2)由B C C =,得到C B ⊆,分C =∅和C ≠∅两种情况讨论求解.(1)因为集合{3A x x =≤-或}2x ≥,{}15B x x =<≤,所以{}25A B x x ⋂=≤≤,{}32R A x x =-<<, 所以(){}35R A B x x ⋃=-<≤;(2)B C C =,C B ∴⊆.①当C =∅时,12m m ∴->,解得1m <-;②当C ≠∅时,则121125m m m m -≤⎧⎪->⎨⎪≤⎩,解得522m <≤. 综上所述:m 的取值范围是()5,12,2⎛⎤-∞- ⎥⎝⎦. 14.(1){1x x ≤-或}1x ≥;(2)[]1,0-.【解析】14.(1)根据题意得(22)(221)0x x -⋅-≥,进而得122x ≤或22x ≥,即可得{1x x ≤-或}1x ≥(2)解不等式2(21)(1)0x m x m m -+++≥得{B x x m =≤或}1x m ≥+,结合(1)得{1A x x =≤-或}1x ≥,根据题意得A B ,进而根据集合关系即可得答案.(1)由命题p 为真命题,则245220x x ⋅-⋅+≥可化为(22)(221)0x x -⋅-≥ 解得122x ≤或22x ≥,所以实数x 的取值范围是{1x x ≤-或}1x ≥ (2)命题q :由2(21)(1)0x m x m m -+++≥,得[]()(1)0x m x m --+≥,解得x m ≤或1x m ≥+. 设{1A x x =≤-或}1x ≥,{B x x m =≤或}1x m ≥+因为命题q 是命题p 的必要不充分条件,所以A B 111m m ≥-⎧⎨+≤⎩,解得10m -≤≤, 所以实数m 的取值范围为[]1,0-.15.(1)[4,13];(2)(-∞,2).【解析】15.(1)由二次函数为偶函数的性质可求出a 的取值,进而求出值域;(2)()f x ax >恒成立等价于2(32)40x a x --+>,令2()(32)4g x x a x =--+,分类讨论二次函数对称轴和区间[1,2]的关系,求最小值大于0时a 的范围,即可求出结果.(1)根据题意,函数2()2(1)4f x x a x =--+,为二次函数,其对称轴为1x a =-. 若()f x 为偶函数,则10a -=,解可得1a =则2()4f x x =+,又由-1≤x ≤3,当0x =时,()f x 有最小值4,当3x =时,()f x 有最大值13,则有4()13f x ≤≤即函数()f x 的值域为[4,13].(2)由题意知x ∈[1,2]时,()f x ax >恒成立,即 2(32)40x a x --+>令2()(32)4g x x a x =--+,所以只需min ()0g x >,对称轴为322a x -= 当3212a -≤,即43a ≤时,min ()(1)730g x g a ==->解得73a <,故43a ≤ 当32122a -<<,即423a <<时,2min 32(32)()4024a a g x g --⎛⎫==-> ⎪⎝⎭解得223a -<<,故423a << 当3222a -≥,即2a ≥,min ()(2)1260g x g a ==-> 解得2a <,舍去综上所述,a 的取值范围是(-∞,2)16.(1)工厂不会获利,国家至少需要补贴700万元,该工厂才不会亏损;(2)当处理量为40吨时,每吨的平均处理成本最少.【解析】16.(Ⅰ)利用每处理一吨二氧化碳可得价值为20万元的某种化工产品,及处理成本y (万元)与处理量x (吨)之间的函数关系,可得利润函数,利用配方法,即可求得结论;(Ⅱ)求得二氧化碳的每吨平均处理成本函数()[]160040,30,50y P x x x x x==+-∈,然后利用均值不等式解决问题(1)当[]30,50x ∈时,设该工厂获利S ,则()()222040160030700S x x x x =--+=---,所以当[]30,50x ∈时,max 7000S =-<,因此该工厂不会获利,国家至少需要补贴700万元,该工厂才不会亏损. (2)由题易知,二氧化碳的平均处理成本()[]160040,30,50y P x x x x x==+-∈,当[]30,50x ∈时,()1600404040P x x x =+-≥=, 当且仅当1600x x=,即40x =时等号成立, 故()P x 取得最小值为()4040P =,所以当处理量为40吨时,每吨的平均处理成本最少.17.(1)奇函数;(2)减函数,证明见解析;(3)(),0-∞【解析】17.(1)根据()()f x f x -=-,即可得到函数()f x 为奇函数;(2)利用函数单调性的定义,即可得到函数()f x 在R 上为减函数; (3)首先将题意转化为()()()1333113x x x f k k f f +⋅+>--=-在区间[)0,+∞有解,从而得到113()33xx k f x +-<=+成立,即max ()k f x <,再根据()f x 的单调性即可得到答案.(1)∵13113()333(13)x xx x f x +-+-==++,定义域为R ,关于原点对称,又()()()()()()31313313133313331x x x x x x x xf x f x --------====-+⨯++ 所以函数()13133x x f x +-+=+为奇函数;(2)()()()()2133121()3331331331xx x x x f x -+-+===-+++,任取1x 、2x R ∈且12x x <,则()()()()1212212133331331x x f x f x ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥-=---++⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦()()()()()2112122222231231231212x x x x x x -=-=++++ ∵12x x <∴21220x x ->,2120x +>,1120x +> ∴()()120f x f x ->,即()()12f x f x >因此,函数()13133x x f x +-+=+在R 上为减函数(3)∵函数()y f x =为R 上的奇函数, 由()()131330xx f f k k +-+⋅+>可得()()()1333113x x x f k k f f +⋅+>--=-又由于函数()y f x =为R 上的减函数, ∴13313x x k k +⋅+<-.∴()11333xx k f x +-<=+由题意知,存在[)0,x ∈+∞,使得113()33xx k f x +-<=+成立,则max ()k f x <因为函数131()33x x f x +-+=+在[)0,+∞上为减函数,则max ()(0)0f x f ==∴0k <实数k 的取值范围是()0,+∞.18.(1)非奇非偶函数;理由见解析;(2)11a <<;(3)921,3,24()2126,,64a M a a a ⎧⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭=⎨⎡⎫⎪-∈⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭⎩.【解析】18.(1)根据奇偶函数的定义判断;(2)根据[1,a ]上单调,可判断()f x 的增减性,利用单调性求出函数的最大值,问题可转化为最大值小于2-即可求解;(3)去绝对值可得[](]92,1,()9,,6x a x a xf x x a a x ⎧--+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪-∈⎪⎩,根据函数的单调性求最值即可.(1)当a =0时,9()(0)f x x x x=-≠, 9()||(),()()f x x f x f x f x x-=+≠-≠-,所以()f x 为非奇非偶函数. (2)当[]1,x a ∈时,9()2f x x a x=--+ 因为函数()f x 在[]1,a 上单调,所以13a,此时()f x 在[]1,a 上单调递增,max 9()()f x f a a a==-+ 由题意:max 9()2f x a a=-+<-恒成立,即2290a a +-<.所以11a <<.(也可以用参数分离:9()22f x x a x =--+<-,即1912a x x ⎛⎫<+- ⎪⎝⎭,右边最小值为1912a a ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭, 所以1912a a a ⎛⎫<+- ⎪⎝⎭,解得:11a <<又13a , 所以a的取值范围为11a <<-(3)当[]1,6x ∈时,[](]92,1,()9,,6x a x a xf x x a a x ⎧--+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪-∈⎪⎩又()3,6a ∈,由上式知,()f x 在区间(],6a 单调递增, 当()3,6a ∈时,()f x 在[1,3)上单调递增,在[3,a ]上单调递减.所以,()f x 在[1,3)上单调递增,在[3,a ]上单调递减,(a ,6]上单调递增.则()max921,3,249()max (3),(6)max 26,22126,,64a f x f f a a a ⎧⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫==-=⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⎡⎫⎪-∈⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭⎩综上所述,函数()f x 的最大值的表达式为:921,3,24()2126,,64a M a a a ⎧⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭=⎨⎡⎫⎪-∈⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭⎩19.BD【解析】19.A .利用复合函数的单调性原理得到该命题正确;B .只需280b a ∆=-<,且a ≠0即可,所以该命题错误;C .由幂函数的图象和性质得该命题正确;D .两个函数的解析式不同,所以它们不是同一函数,所以命题错误.A . 2t x x =-,1()2tu =,根据同增异减,只需求2t x x =-的递减区间,对称轴12x =,即t 在1,2⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭单调递减,所以该命题正确; B .函数2()2f x ax bx =++与x 轴无交点,a =0显然不成立,则只需280b a ∆=-<,且a ≠0即可,所以该命题错误;C .由幂函数的图象和性质得该命题正确;D .1y x ==+,解析式不同,所以它们不是同一函数,所以命题错误. 故选:BD 20.AD【解析】20.根据题所给“理想函数”的定义,可知该函数是奇函数且为单调递减,然后对A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项的函数进行分析,同时满足奇函数和单调递减的函数为正确选项. 根据()()0f x f x +-=得()f x 为奇函致,且在定义域内单调递减. A :()f x x =-是奇函数且单调递减,故A 正确. B :23()f x x =是幂函数且为偶函数,故B 错误. C :1()f x x=,在区间(-∞,0)和(0,+∞)递减,但不是单调递减函数,故C 错误. D :由22,0(),0x x x f x x x x ⎧--≥=⎨-<⎩的图象可知D 选项正确.故选:AD. 21.ABC【解析】21.应用不等式和基本不等式的性质逐一判断即可得出结果. A :∵a >0,b >0,∴10a a +>,10b b+>∴12a a +≥,当且仅当11a a==时成立,∴12b b +≥,当且仅当11b b==时成立,即11()4a b a b ⎛⎫+⋅+≥ ⎪⎝⎭,故A 正确;B .224a b +≥=,故B 正确;C .当0a b >>时,220a b >>,则22110a b <<,故C 正确; D .当1a b +=,14144()59b a a b a b a b a b⎛⎫+=++=++≥ ⎪⎝⎭ 取等条件:13a =,23b =所以最小值为9,故D 错误. 22.BC【解析】22.根据新定义函数得函数的值域为{0,1};无论x 为有理数还是无理数,()f x 均为有理数,故,(())1x R f f x ∀∈=;由于x 与2x +均属于有理数或均属于无理数,故(2)()f x f x +=对任意x ∈R 恒成立;假设存在,则根据函数推出矛盾即可否定结论.解:对于A 选项,函数的值域为{0,1},故A 选项错误.对于B 选项,.当x 为有理数时,()1f x =,(())()1f f x f x == 当x 为无理数时,()0f x =,()()()01ff x f ==所以R ∀∈,(())1f f x =,故B 选项正确.对于C 选项, x 为有理数时,2x +为有理数,(2)()1f x f x +== 当x 为无理数时,2x +为无理数,(2)()0f x f x +== 所以(2)()f x f x +=恒成立,故C 选项正确.对于D 选项,若ABC 为等腰直角三角形,不妨设角B 为直角,则()()()123,,f x f x f x 的值得可能性只能为()()()1230,1,0f x f x f x ===或()()()1231,0,1f x f x f x ===,由等腰直角三角形的性质得211x x -=,所以12()()f x f x =,这与()()12f x f x ≠矛盾,故D 选项错误.故选:BC.。
武汉三中,武汉一中,武钢三中,武汉六中,省实验,武汉十一中2020届高三上学期第一次联考政治答案
湖北省部分重点中学武汉三中,武汉一中,武钢三中,武汉六中,省实验,武汉十一中2020届高三第一次联考高三政治试卷参考答案一、选择题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案 C B C B B A B D C C C B题号13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 答案 D B B A C C B B B C C D 1.C解析:商品是使用价值与价值的统一体,选项①错;选项④中“确保”夸大其影响,不选。
使用价值是价值的物质承担者;价值是凝结在商品中无差别的人类劳动,是商品得以交换的根本原因,此题应选C. ②③。
2.B[解析] 本题考查影响价格的因素。
环保力度加大、原材料价格上涨,可知纸的供给量会下降,而市场需求增加,所以纸价上涨。
A表示需求减少,故排除;C表示供给增加,故排除;D 表示需求减少,故排除。
B表示供给减少,需求增加,价格上涨,故答案为B。
3.C解析:农村土地的所有权归集体所有,②错。
发展农地流转市场无法“确保”农产品有效供给。
③错。
①④是农村土地流转带来的积极影响,此题应选C.①④4.B解析:本题考查国有企业改革的意义。
公有制经济在国民经济中占主体地位,排除②;国有企业引入社会资本,体现了所有制结构的优化,与产业结构调整无关,排除④;通过混合所有制改革,国有企业可以拓宽融资渠道,从而增强企业发展能力,故①正确。
国企进行混合所有制改革,可以促进股权多元化,建立现代企业制度,提高公司治理水平,故③正确;通过混合所有制改革,国有企业可以拓宽融资渠道,从而增强企业发展能力,故①正确。
此题应选B5.B [解析] 本题考查收入分配调节与生产发展。
允许科研人员通过兼职获得合法报酬,兼职收入是按生产要素分配所得,且此项制度改革目的是强调效率,排除①。
材料体现了分配制度的调整,没有涉及再分配机制,排除④。
拓宽科研人员收入渠道,提高科研人员收入,体现了国家对劳动、知识、人才、创造的尊重,故②正确。
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点高中联考高一(上)期中物理试卷(Word+答案)
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分重点高中联考高一(上)期中物理试卷一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.(3分)下列物理量属于矢量的是()A.质量B.力C.时间D.路程2.(3分)第32届夏季奥林匹克运动会,将在东京举行,共设34个大项,339个小项比赛。
新增滑板、冲浪、攀岩、棒垒球和空手道5个大项。
届时,来自206个国家的万余名运动员将向世界奉献一届精彩的奥运会,在考察下列运动员的比赛成绩时,可视为质点的是()A.马拉松B.跳水C.击剑D.体操3.(3分)关于重力下列说法正确的是()A.重力的方向总是垂直地面向下B.重力的大小只与质量有关C.重心概念的建立应用了等效替代的思想D.物体所受的重力只有受力物体,没有施力物体4.(3分)2020年10月11日,女超决赛中,武汉女足4:0完胜冠军江苏女足,首次登顶女超冠军,这是中国足球职业化27年以来武汉足球拿到的首个顶级联赛冠军。
如图所示为四种与足球有关的情景,下列说法确的是()A.图中,静止在草地上的足球对草地的压力就是它的重力B.图中,静止在地上的两个足球由于接触面一定受到相互作用的弹力C.图中,落在球网中的足球会受到弹力是由于足球发生了形变D.图中,被踢出在空中运动的足球受到重力、空气的阻力5.(3分)关于速度和加速度的关系,下列说法中正确的是()A.物体的加速度减小时,速度一定减小B.物体的速度改变量越大,加速度也越大C.物体的速度为零时,加速度必为零D.物体的加速度增大时,速度可能增大6.(3分)t=0时,甲、乙两物体同时从同一地点出发沿同一直线运动,以出发点为参考点,它们的位移﹣时间(x ﹣t)图象如图所示,则在t1时刻()A.它们的速度相同,甲在乙的前方B.它们的位置相同,甲的速度小于乙的速度C.它们的速度相同,乙在甲的前方D.它们的位置相同,乙的速度小于甲的速度7.(3分)两个小球从两个不同高度处自由下落,结果同时到达地面,如图所示四幅图中,能正确表示它们的运动的是()A.B.C.D.8.(3分)如图所示,竖直的轻质弹簧连接A、B两物体,弹簧劲度系数为k=400N/m,A、B质量分别为3kg、1kg;A放在水平地面上,B也静止。
湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2020-2021学年(武汉六校联考)高二上学期期末联考数学试题与答案
武汉市部分重点中学2020—2021学年度上学期期末联考高二数学试卷命题学校:省实验中学 命题教师:谭德平 审题教师:郑艳霞李红英 考试时间:2021年1月27日下午14:00—16:00 试卷满分:150分一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.命题“0R x C Q ∃∈,3x Q ∈”的否定是 A .0R x C Q ∃∉,3x Q ∈ B .0R x C Q ∃∈,3x Q ∉ C .R x C Q ∀∉,3x Q ∈D .R x C Q ∀∈,3x Q ∉2.同时掷3枚质地均匀的硬币,至少有一枚正面向上的概率是 A .78B .58C .38D .383.过圆柱的上,下底面圆圆心的平面截圆柱所得的截面是面积为8的正方形,则圆柱的侧面积是A .B .12πC .8πD .10π4.样本中有五个个体,其值分别为0,1,2,3,m ,若该样本的均值为1,则其方差为A B CD .25.已知方程222:14x y C m +=,则“2o m <<”是“方程C 表示焦点在工轴的椭圆”的 A .充分而不必要条件 B .必要而不充分条件 C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件6.为了了解某县今年高考准备报考体育专业的学生的体重情况,将所得的学生体重数据分组整理后,画出了频率分布直方图(如图),已知图中从左到右的前3小组的频率a ,b ,c 恰成等差数列,若抽取的学生人数是48,则第2小组的频数为A .6B .12C .18D .247.如图,在正四面体P ABC -中,D ,E ,F 分别是AB ,BC ,CA 的中点,下面四个结论不成立的是A .//BC 平面PDFB .DF ⊥平面P AEC .平面PDE ⊥平面ABCD .平面PDF ⊥平面P AE8.已知双曲线()2222:10,0x y C a b a b -=>>的左焦点为1F ,若直线:l y kx =,k ∈⎣与双曲线C交于M 、N 两点,且11MF NF ⊥,则双曲线C 的离心率的取值范围是A .()1,2B .)2C .1⎤⎦D .(1⎤⎦二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得3分,有选错的得0分.9.已知命题p :正四面体的任意一个面均为等边三角形,则下列结论正确的是 A .命题p 的否定是假命题 B .命题p 是特称命题C .命题p 是全称命题D .命题p 既不是全称命题也不是特称命题10.以下对概率的判断正确的是A .在大量重复实验中,随机事件的概率是频率的稳定值B .从甲、乙、丙三人中任选两名代表,甲被选中的概率为23C .甲、乙两人玩石头,剪刀,布的游戏,则玩一局甲不输的概率是13D .从三件正品、一件次品中随机取出两件,则取出的产品全是正品的概率是1211.已知椭圆()2222C :10x y a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F 左、右顶点分别为1A 、2A ,P 为椭圆C 上异于1A 、2A 的任一点,则下列结论正确的有A .椭圆C 与椭圆2222:111x y C a b '+=++有相同的焦点B .直线1PA ,2PA 的斜率之积为22b a-C .存在点Р满足2122PF PF a ⋅=D .若12PF F 为等腰直角三角形,则椭圆C 的离心率为21 12.棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E 、F 、G 分别为棱AD 、1CC 、11C D 的中点,则下列结论正确的是A .直线FG 与1A D 所成的角为60︒B .平面EFG 截正方体所得的截面为六边形C .1BF B C ⊥D .三棱锥1B EFG -的体积为76。
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.BWhen an animal species is considered endangered, it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluatedit as nearly extinct, which means that a majority of its population has already died off and the rate of birth is lower than the species’death rate. Today, more and more animal and plant species are on the way to extinction because of a variety of major factors that cause a species to become endangered, and as you might expect, humans play a role in quite a few of them — in fact, the biggest threat to endangered animals is human encroachment (侵入) on their habitats.Every species needs a habitat, where an animal finds food, raises its young. Unfortunately, humans destroy animal habitats in a number of different ways: building houses, clearing forests to getlumberand to plant crops, draining rivers to bring water to those crops, and making streets and parking lots.In addition, human development pollutes the environment with all kinds of chemicals, which destroys food sources and shelters for the creatures and plants of that area. As a result, some species die out while others are pushed into areas where they can’t find food and shelters — to make matters worse, when one animal population suffers, it affects many other species in its food web, so more than one species’population is likely to decrease.Habitat destruction is the number one reason for animal endangerment, which is why conservation groups work hard to repair the effects of human developments — many non-profit groups like the Nature Conservancy are taking measures to clean up coastlines and establish nature preserves to prevent further harm to native environments and species around the world.4. A species is considered endangered________.A. when the IUCN has noticed its population changeB. when most of its population has died offC. when the species’ birth rate is close to its death rateD. when the species is losing its habitat5. What does the underlined word “lumber” probably mean?A. Gas.B. Food.C. Chemicals.D. Wood.6. What is being done to protect the endangered species?A. Calling for human development.B. Raising money.C. Establishing nature preserves.D. Educating people.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Habitat destruction causes animal endangerment.B. Animals die out due to environment pollution.C. Measures need to be taken to increase species.D. Non-profit groups are making great contributions.CCuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, orit might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.8. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.A. science surveyB. nature magazineC. zoo advertisementD. travel journal9. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals that work together to raise young.B. Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.10. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.11. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.DWhen Chip heard the mail truck arriving on his sixth birthday, herushed out—not knowing that he’d come back with a treasure.Outside the house, which was decorated with birthday balloons, postwoman Shelley held a pile of boxes. One was marked with Chip’s name and a greeting for his Special day, November 5.“So,” when he came running out the door, she said, “You must be Chip!” And he said,“Yes.” She said, “Today’s your birthday?” And he started smiling. Shelley said, “So, let me see if I can find you something for your birthday.”She checked her pocket and surprised him with a gift: a dollar bill and four quarters.On this day, the 42-year-old postwoman made one little boy very happy. “He was very excited,” said his mom,Bonnie. “He came running back in the house just waving his money.” Chip is saving up to buy a Spider-man action figure.“Our family has had money problems since I lost my job. Gestures like that are valuable memories.” Her hope is that Chip and his eight-year-old sister, Bennett, will remember this when they grow up. “Not the ugly that is out there right now, but the good and the kind and the giving.”A photo of a smiling Chip and Shelley next to the mail truck has been shared widely on social media. Shelley said she was just trying to give back, because people are often nice to her eight-year-old son, Joshua.On a recent day, Chip heard the mail truck and rushed out again, this time to deliver an envelope with a thank-you card for his favorite mail carrier. Since that day, the families have kept in contact. Shelley has struggled to find someone who can take care of her son, and Bonnie has agreed to watch him at her home while his mom is on her mail route.12. Why did Chip rush out when he heard the mail truck the first time?A. To thank the postwoman.B. To get a gift box mailed to him.C. To receive birthday wishes from the driver.D. To watch the mail truck.13. What did Shelley do to make Chip happy?A. She gave him some pocket money.B. She sent him some birthday balloons.C. She presented him with a greeting card.D. She bought him a Spider-man action figure.14. What is Chip’s mother’s attitude towards Shelley?A. Grateful.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.15. What does Chip’s mother do to help Shelley?A. She offers to deliver the mails for her.B. She often helps drive her mail truck.C. She looks after her son when she is at work.D. She posts pictures of her mail truck on social media.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
解析湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2020┄2021学年高一上学期期末物理试卷
湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2020┄2021学年高一上学期期末物理试卷一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1-8题只有一项符合题目要求,第9-12题有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分)1.(4分)关于重力的方向,下列说法中正确的是()ﻩA. 重力的方向总是垂直向下ﻩB.ﻩ重力的方向总是竖直向下ﻩC.重力的方向总是和支持物的支持面垂直D.重力的方向总是垂直地面向下2.(4分)书放在水平桌面上,桌面会受到弹力的作用,产生这个弹力的直接原因是()A.书的形变ﻩB. 桌面的形变C.ﻩ书和桌面的形变ﻩD.ﻩ书受到的重力3.(4分)关于速度和加速度的关系,以下说法正确的是()A.ﻩ物体的速度越大,则加速度也越大B.ﻩ物理的速度变化越大,则加速度也越大C.ﻩ物体的速度变化越快,则加速度越大ﻩD. 物体的加速度方向就是物体的速度变化方向4.(4分)穿过挂有重物的光滑动滑轮的绳子两端分别固定于两堵竖直墙上A、B两点,如图所示.已知B点在A点之上,在把B端缓慢向下移动到C点的过程中,两墙之间绳子的总长保持不变,绳上的拉力大小()ﻩA.先变小,后变大B.ﻩ先变大,后变小C.不断变小 D.ﻩ保持不变5.(4分)如图所示,物块m在F1、F2两个力的作用下沿粗糙水平面向右做匀减速运动,若突然将F1撤掉,物体的加速度()A.ﻩ一定变大ﻩB.一定变小C.可能不变D.条件不足,无法判断6.(4分)图中所示A、B、C为三个相同物块,由轻质弹簧K和轻线L相连,悬挂在天花板上处于静止状态,若将L剪断,则在刚剪断时,A、B的加速度大小a A、a B分别为()A.ﻩa A=0、aB=0 B.aA=0、aB=g C.ﻩa A=g、aB=gﻩD.ﻩa A=g、a B=07.(4分)跳台滑雪运动员的动作惊险而优美,其实滑雪运动可抽象为物体在斜坡上的平抛运动.如图所示,设可视为质点的滑雪运动员从倾角为θ的斜坡顶端P处,以初速度v0水平飞出,运动员最后又落到斜坡上A点处,AP之间距离为L,在空中运动时间为t,改变初速度v0的大小,L和t都随之改变.关于L、f与v0的关系,下列说法中正确的是()A.ﻩL与v0成正比ﻩB.ﻩL与v0成反比C.t与v0成正比D.ﻩt与v02成正比8.(4分)如图所示,悬挂在小车顶棚上的小球偏离竖直方向θ角,则小车的运动情况可能是()A. 向右匀速运动B.ﻩ向右减速运动 C.ﻩ向左加速运动ﻩD.ﻩ向左减速运动9.(4分)某物体的运动的v﹣t图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是()ﻩA.ﻩ物体在第1s末运动方向发生改变B. 物体在第2s内和第3s内的加速度是相同的C.ﻩ物体在第4s末返回出发点ﻩD.ﻩ物体在第5s末离出发点最远,且最大位移为0.5m10.(4分)乘坐“空中缆车”饱览大自然的美景是旅游者绝妙的选择.若某一缆车沿着坡度为30°的山坡以加速度a上行,如图所示.在缆车中放一个与山坡表面平行的斜面,斜面上放一个质量为m的小物块,小物块相对斜面静止(设缆车保持竖直状态运行).则()A.ﻩ小物块受到的摩擦力方向平行斜面向上ﻩB.小物块受到的摩擦力方向平行斜面向下ﻩC. 小物块在运动过程中处于超重状态ﻩD.ﻩ小物块受到的静摩擦力为mg+ma11.(4分)用相同材料做成的A、B两木块的质量之比为3:2,初速度之比为2:3,它们在同一粗糙水平面上同时开始沿直线滑行,直至停止,则它们()ﻩA. 滑行中的加速度之比为1:1B.ﻩ滑行的时间之比为2:3ﻩC. 滑行的距离之比为4:9ﻩD.ﻩ滑行的距离之比为9:412.(4分)物体在力F1、F2、F3的共同作用下做匀速直线运动,若突然撤去外力F1,则物体的运动情况是()A.必沿着F1的方向做匀加速直线运动B.ﻩ必沿着F1的方向做匀减速直线运动C.ﻩ不可能做匀速直线运动ﻩD. 可能做直线运动,也可能做曲线运动二、实验题(本题共2小题,共18分)13.(8分)某学习兴趣小组在研究“探索小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验,图是某次实验得出的纸带,所用电源的频率为50HZ,舍去前面比较密集的点,从0点开始,每5个连续点取1个计数点,标以1、2、3….各计数点与0计数点之间的距离依次为d1=3.00cm,d2=7.51cm,d3=13.53cm,则(结果保留两位有效数字)(1)物体做运动,理由是;(2)物体通过1计数点的速度υ1=m/s;(3)物体运动的加速度为a=m/s2.14.(10分)某同学设计了一个探究加速度与物体所受合外力F及质量M的关系实验.图1为实验装置简图,A为小车,B为打点计时器,C为装有砂的砂桶(总质量为m),D为一端带有定滑轮的长木板.(1)若保持砂和砂桶质量m不变,改变小车质量M,分别得到小车加速度a与质量M及对应的数据如表所示.根据表1数据,为直观反映F不变时a与M的关系,请在图2所示的方格坐标纸中选择恰当的物理量建立坐标系,并作出图线.次数1ﻩ2 3 4ﻩ5小车加速度a/(m•s﹣2)1.98 1.481.00ﻩ0.670.50小车质量M/kgﻩ0.25ﻩ0.33 0.50ﻩ0.75 1.00质量倒数/kg﹣1 4.003.00ﻩ 2.00 1.331.00ﻩ从图线中得到F不变时,小车加速度a与质量M之间存在的关系是.(2)该同学在探究a与F的关系时,把砂和砂桶的总重力当作小车的合外力F,作出a﹣F图线如图3所示,图线没通过坐标原点且上部发生了弯曲.①你认为图线上部弯曲的原因是.A.平衡摩擦力时木板倾角太大B.没有满足砂和砂桶的总质量远小于小车质量M.C.没有按要求先接通电源后释放小车D.平衡摩擦力时木板倾角太小②为了使作出的a﹣F图线能过坐标原点,需要调整实验装置,可采取以下措施A.增加小车的质量B.减小小车的质量C.适当垫高长木板的右端D.适当增加小桶内砝码质量(3)在这个实验中,为了探究两个物理量之间的关系,要保持第三个物理量不变,这种探究方法叫做法.三、计算题(本题共4小题,共44分.按题目要求作答.解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分,有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位)15.(9分)一辆汽车在十字路口等候绿灯,当绿灯亮起时汽车以3m/s2的加速度开始行驶,恰在这时一辆自行车以6m/s的速度匀速驶来,从后面超过汽车. 汽车从路口开动后,在追上自行车之前经过多长时间两车相距最远?此时距离是多少?16.(9分)质量为2kg的物体在光滑的水平面上运动,如图所示,图甲是x轴方向上分速度v x的vx﹣t图象,图乙是该物体在y轴方向上分速度vy的v y﹣t图象,求:(1)物体所受的合外力大小(2)4s时物体的速度大小(3)8s时物体的位移大小.17.(12分)质量m=1.5kg的物块(可视为质点)在水平恒力F作用下,从水平面上A点由静止开始运动,运动一段距离撤去该力,物块继续滑行t=2.0s停在B点,已知A、B两点间的距离s=5.0m,物块与水平面间的动摩擦因数μ=0.20,求恒力F多大.(g=10m/s2)18.(14分)在《爸爸去哪儿》的综艺节目中,在宁夏中卫沙坡头(沙坡头位于腾格里沙漠东南边缘处,集大漠、黄河、高山、绿洲为一处)有一场滑沙的娱乐活动,可简化为理想模型,如图所示,人坐在滑板上从斜坡高处A点由静止开始下滑,滑到斜坡底部B点后沿水平滑道再滑行一段距离到C点停下来,若斜坡滑道与水平滑道是平滑连接的,滑板与两滑道之间的动摩擦因数均为0.5,不计空气阻力,人和滑板的总质量为m=60kg,g取10m/s2,斜坡倾角θ=37°,(sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8)求:(1)人在斜坡上下滑的加速度大小.(2)人在斜坡上滑行的时间和在直道上滑行时间的比值是多少?(3)若由于受到场地的限制,A点到C点的水平距离为s=50m,为确保人的安全,假如你是设计师,你认为在设计斜坡滑道时,对高度h应有怎样的要求?湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2020┄2021学年高一上学期期末物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1-8题只有一项符合题目要求,第9-12题有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分)1.(4分)关于重力的方向,下列说法中正确的是()A.重力的方向总是垂直向下B.ﻩ重力的方向总是竖直向下ﻩC.重力的方向总是和支持物的支持面垂直D.ﻩ重力的方向总是垂直地面向下考点:重力.分析: 重力是由于地球的吸引而使物体受到的力,重力的方向总是竖直向下.解答:ﻩ解:A、B、重力的方向总是竖直向下,是垂直于水平面向下,不能说是垂直向下,故A 错误,B正确;C、重力的方向总是竖直向下,与支持物的支持面不一定垂直,故C错误;D、重力的方向总是竖直向下,如果地面不是水平,则与地面不垂直,故D错误;故选:B.点评: 本题关键是记住重力的方向是竖直向下,即与平静的水面垂直向下,基础题目. 2.(4分)书放在水平桌面上,桌面会受到弹力的作用,产生这个弹力的直接原因是()ﻩA. 书的形变B.桌面的形变C.ﻩ书和桌面的形变D.书受到的重力考点:ﻩ物体的弹性和弹力.分析:ﻩ力是成对出现的,这两个力是作用力与反作用力的关系,产生这两个力的形变是不同物体的形变,要注意对应关系.解答:ﻩ解:A、书的形变产生的力是书本对桌面的压力,施力物体是书,受力物体是桌面.选项A正确.B、桌面的形变产生的力是桌面对书的支持力,施力物体是桌面,受力物体是书.选项B错误.C、书和桌面的形变分别产生了书对桌面的压力和桌面对书的支持力.选项C错误.D、书受到的重力致使书压紧了桌面,重力的施力物体是地球,受力物体是书.选项D错误.故选A.点评:成对出现的弹力,一定要分清各自的施力物体和受力物体,这点是解决本题的关键.3.(4分)关于速度和加速度的关系,以下说法正确的是()A.ﻩ物体的速度越大,则加速度也越大ﻩB.ﻩ物理的速度变化越大,则加速度也越大ﻩC.物体的速度变化越快,则加速度越大ﻩD. 物体的加速度方向就是物体的速度变化方向考点: 加速度;速度.专题:直线运动规律专题.分析:ﻩ解决本题要掌握:速度和加速度的物理意义.速度是描述运动快慢的物理量,而加速度是描述速度变化的快慢的物理量;加速度和速度以及速度变化量无关.解答:解:A、加速度的大小和速度大小没有必然联系,故A错误;B、物理的速度变化越大,若变化时间相同,则加速度才越大,故B错误;C、加速度是描述速度变化的快慢的物理量,所以物体的速度变化越快,则加速度越大,故C正确;D、加速度的方向是速度变化的方向,故D正确.故选CD点评:ﻩ本题考察了学生对加速度概念的理解情况,明确速度、加速度、加速度变化量的关系.4.(4分)穿过挂有重物的光滑动滑轮的绳子两端分别固定于两堵竖直墙上A、B两点,如图所示.已知B点在A点之上,在把B端缓慢向下移动到C点的过程中,两墙之间绳子的总长保持不变,绳上的拉力大小()A. 先变小,后变大ﻩB.先变大,后变小ﻩC.ﻩ不断变小 D. 保持不变考点:ﻩ共点力平衡的条件及其应用;力的合成与分解的运用.专题:ﻩ共点力作用下物体平衡专题.分析:ﻩ动滑轮在不计摩擦的情况下,两侧绳子拉力大小相等,平衡后,两侧绳子的拉力关于竖直方向对称.根据数学知识,研究两侧绳子与竖直方向的夹角跟绳长和两堵竖直墙间距离的关系,根据平衡条件确定绳子拉力与重力的关系,来分析拉力的关系.解答: 解:设绳子总长为L,两堵竖直墙之间的距离为S,两绳与竖直方向夹角为θ,左侧绳长为L1,右侧绳长为L2.则由几何知识,得S=L1sinθ+L2sinθ=(L1+L2)sinθ,又L1+L2=L得到sinθ=;当绳子左端慢慢向下移时,S、L没有变化,则θ不变.设绳子的拉力大小为T,重物的重力为G.以滑轮为研究对象,根据平衡条件得2Tcosθ=G解得:T=;可见,当θ不变时,绳子拉力T不变,则得到T2=T1故选:D.点评:ﻩ本题的难点在于运用几何知识得到当绳子b端慢慢向下移时,绳子与竖直方向的夹角不变.对于滑轮问题,解题要充分利用拉力的对称性.5.(4分)如图所示,物块m在F1、F2两个力的作用下沿粗糙水平面向右做匀减速运动,若突然将F1撤掉,物体的加速度()ﻩA.ﻩ一定变大ﻩB.一定变小ﻩC.ﻩ可能不变ﻩD.条件不足,无法判断考点:ﻩ牛顿第二定律;力的合成与分解的运用.专题:ﻩ牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析:根据物体的运动情况确定物体的加速度方向,然后应用牛顿第二定律分析答题.解答:ﻩ解:物体沿水平面向右左减速运动,则加速度方向向左,合力向左,F合=f+F2﹣F1,撤去F1,物体受到的合外力变大,由牛顿第二定律可知,物体的加速度变大,故A正确,B、C、D错误.故选:A.点评:本题考查了判断物体加速度如何变化,知道物体的运动状态、对物体受力分析、应用牛顿第二定律即可正确解题.6.(4分)图中所示A、B、C为三个相同物块,由轻质弹簧K和轻线L相连,悬挂在天花板上处于静止状态,若将L剪断,则在刚剪断时,A、B的加速度大小a A、aB分别为()ﻩA. aA=0、a B=0 B.ﻩaA=0、aB=g C.ﻩaA=g、aB=gﻩD.ﻩa A=g、a B=0考点: 牛顿第二定律;力的合成与分解的运用;胡克定律.专题:ﻩ牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析: 对细线剪短前后的A、B、C物体分别受力分析,然后根据牛顿第二定律求解加速度.解答:ﻩ解:对A、B、C分别受力分析如图,根据平衡条件,有:对A:F2=F1+mg对B:F1=F+mg对C:F=mg弹簧的弹力不能突变,因形变需要过程,绳的弹力可以突变,绳断拉力立即为零.当绳断后,A受力不变,仍然平衡,故a A=0;对B,绳断后合力为F合=F1﹣mg=ma B,a B=g方向竖直向上;故选B.点评: 考查了牛顿第二定律,绳和弹簧弹力的特点,瞬时对应关系.7.(4分)跳台滑雪运动员的动作惊险而优美,其实滑雪运动可抽象为物体在斜坡上的平抛运动.如图所示,设可视为质点的滑雪运动员从倾角为θ的斜坡顶端P处,以初速度v0水平飞出,运动员最后又落到斜坡上A点处,AP之间距离为L,在空中运动时间为t,改变初速度v0的大小,L和t都随之改变.关于L、f与v0的关系,下列说法中正确的是()A.L与v0成正比ﻩB.ﻩL与v0成反比C.ﻩt与v0成正比ﻩD. t与v02成正比考点:平抛运动.专题:ﻩ平抛运动专题.分析:根据平抛运动规律:水平方向上匀速直线运动,竖直方向上自由落体运动列式联立可求解.解答:ﻩ解:滑雪运动可抽象为物体在斜坡上的平抛运动.设水平位移x,竖直位移为y,结合几何关系,有:水平方向上:x=Lcosθ=v0t竖直方向上:y=联立可得:,可知t与v0成正比,故C正确,D错误.L=,可知L与成正比,故A、B错误.故选:C.点评: 本题考查平抛运动规律的应用,能够灵活利用公式求得v0及L的表达式,从而可求解. 8.(4分)如图所示,悬挂在小车顶棚上的小球偏离竖直方向θ角,则小车的运动情况可能是()A. 向右匀速运动B.ﻩ向右减速运动C.向左加速运动D.ﻩ向左减速运动考点:牛顿第二定律;力的合成与分解的运用.专题:牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析:小球和小车具有相同的加速度,隔离对小球分析,得出小球的加速度方向,从而得出小车的运动规律.解答:ﻩ解:小球受力如图所示,由牛顿第二定律得:m A gtanθ=mAa,解得球的加速度为:a=gtanθ,方向水平向右,小球与车的运动状态相同,车的加速度向右,因此车可能向右做加速运动,或向左做减速运动,故D正确,A、B、C错误.故选:D.点评:对于多个物体的受力分析通常采用的方法就是整体法和隔离法,知道小球和小车具有相同的加速度,基础题.9.(4分)某物体的运动的v﹣t图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是()ﻩA.ﻩ物体在第1s末运动方向发生改变ﻩB.ﻩ物体在第2s内和第3s内的加速度是相同的ﻩC.物体在第4s末返回出发点D.ﻩ物体在第5s末离出发点最远,且最大位移为0.5m考点: 匀变速直线运动的图像.分析: 在速度﹣时间图象中,速度图线在时间轴的上方表明物体向正方向运动,在时间轴的下方表明物体向负方向运动;由时间段速度图线的斜率可判断加速度的大小和方向;由速度图线与坐标轴围成的图象的面积为物体的位移可求出某时间段内的位移.解答:解:A、从0到1s末,物体做匀加速直线运动,1s末到2s末,物体做匀减速直线运动,所以在1s末,速度达到最大,但是方向没有改变.选项A错误.B、速度﹣时间图象中表示速度的图线的斜率即为物体运动的加速度,由图可知第2s内和第3s内的加速度是相同.选项B正确.C、在速度﹣时间图象中,速度图线与坐标轴围成的图象的面积即为物体的位移,在时间轴上方的位移为正,在下方的位移为负,整段时间求矢量和为零.选项C正确.D、第5s末到第6s末的过程中,尽管物体做匀减速直线运动,但位移仍在增加,所以D选项错误.故选BC点评:ﻩ在解决运动学有关图象题目时,要注意灵活运用s﹣t图象和v﹣t图象,尤其是要明确各运动情况的特征图线和图象中的“点”“线”“面”和“斜率”等的物理意义,对图象要能“三会”,即“会读图”,“会用图”,和“会画图”.在速度﹣时间图象中,可知物体运动状态,可知物体任意时刻的速度,可求物体某时间段的位移(位移在数值上等于图象与坐标轴围成的面积).10.(4分)乘坐“空中缆车”饱览大自然的美景是旅游者绝妙的选择.若某一缆车沿着坡度为30°的山坡以加速度a上行,如图所示.在缆车中放一个与山坡表面平行的斜面,斜面上放一个质量为m的小物块,小物块相对斜面静止(设缆车保持竖直状态运行).则()A.小物块受到的摩擦力方向平行斜面向上B. 小物块受到的摩擦力方向平行斜面向下C. 小物块在运动过程中处于超重状态D.ﻩ小物块受到的静摩擦力为mg+ma考点:ﻩ牛顿第二定律;力的合成与分解的运用.专题:ﻩ牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析:由题知:木块的加速度大小为a,方向沿斜面向上.分析木块受力情况,根据牛顿第二定律求解木块所受的摩擦力大小和方向.解答:解:A、以物块为研究对象,分析受力情况:重力mg、斜面的支持力N和摩擦力,摩擦力为静摩擦力f,f沿斜面向上,根据牛顿第二定律得:f﹣mgsin30°=ma,解得,f=,故A、D正确,B错误.C、物块在垂直斜面方向上的合力为零,不是处于超重状态,故C错误.故选:AD.点评:ﻩ根据牛顿第二定律求解木块所受的摩擦力大小和方向.本题首先要正确分析木块的受力情况,其次要能根据牛顿第二定律列式,求摩擦力,难度不大11.(4分)用相同材料做成的A、B两木块的质量之比为3:2,初速度之比为2:3,它们在同一粗糙水平面上同时开始沿直线滑行,直至停止,则它们()ﻩA.滑行中的加速度之比为1:1ﻩB.ﻩ滑行的时间之比为2:3ﻩC. 滑行的距离之比为4:9 D.ﻩ滑行的距离之比为9:4考点:牛顿第二定律;匀变速直线运动的位移与时间的关系.专题:ﻩ牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析:ﻩ根据牛顿第二定律得出加速度大小之比,结合速度时间公式求出滑行的时间之比,根据速度位移公式求出滑行的距离之比.解答:解:A、根据牛顿第二定律得,,因为材料相同,则动摩擦因数相同,则加速度之比为1:1,故A正确.B、根据t=知,初速度之比为2:3,加速度相等,则滑行时间之比为2:3,故B正确.C、根据x=得,初速度之比为2:3,加速度相等,则滑行的距离之比为4:9,故C正确,D错误.故选:ABC.点评:ﻩ本题考查了牛顿第二定律和运动学公式的基本运用,知道加速度是联系力学和运动学的桥梁,基础题.12.(4分)物体在力F1、F2、F3的共同作用下做匀速直线运动,若突然撤去外力F1,则物体的运动情况是()A.ﻩ必沿着F1的方向做匀加速直线运动ﻩB. 必沿着F1的方向做匀减速直线运动ﻩC.ﻩ不可能做匀速直线运动ﻩD. 可能做直线运动,也可能做曲线运动考点:物体做曲线运动的条件.专题:ﻩ物体做曲线运动条件专题.分析:ﻩ物体做匀速直线运动,说明合力为零,故除F2,其余力的合力一定与F2等值、反向、共线;曲线运动的条件是:(1)初速度不为零(2)合力不为零(3)初速度方向与合力方向不在同一直线上.解答: 解:A、撤去F1,其余力的合力与F1等值、反向、共线,与速度方向不共线时,物体做曲线运动,故AB错误;C、撤去F1,其余力的合力与F1等值、反向、共线,与速度方向共线时,物体做直线运动,但加速度不为零,所以不可能做匀速直线运动,故C正确;D、综上分析可知,物体可能做直线运动,也可能做曲线运动,故D正确.故选:CD.点评:ﻩ本题关键是明确:(1)多力平衡时,任意一个力必定与其余所有力的合力等值、反向、共线;(2)当合力与速度共线时,物体做直线运动;当合力与速度不共线时,物体做曲线运动.二、实验题(本题共2小题,共18分)13.(8分)某学习兴趣小组在研究“探索小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验,图是某次实验得出的纸带,所用电源的频率为50H Z,舍去前面比较密集的点,从0点开始,每5个连续点取1个计数点,标以1、2、3….各计数点与0计数点之间的距离依次为d1=3.00cm,d2=7.51cm,d3=13.53cm,则(结果保留两位有效数字)(1)物体做匀加速直线运动,理由是△x=常数;(2)物体通过1计数点的速度υ1=0.38m/s;(3)物体运动的加速度为a=1.5m/s2.考点: 探究小车速度随时间变化的规律.专题:实验题;直线运动规律专题.分析:ﻩ(1)(3)在匀变速直线运动中,连续相等时间内的位移差为常数即△x=aT2,据此可以判断物体是否做匀变速直线运动以及求出物体的加速度;(2)根据匀变速直线运动中时间中点的瞬时速度大小等于该过程中的平均速度可以求出某点的瞬时速度.解答:ﻩ解:(1)由题意可知,计数点0与1之间的距离x1=3cm,1与2之间的距离x2=d2﹣d1=4.51cm;2与3之间的距离为x3=d3﹣d2=6.02cm;由此可知△x≈1.5cm为常数,因此该直线运动为匀变速直线运动.(2)每5个连续点取1个计数点,所以相邻的计数点间的时间间隔T=0.1s,匀变速直线运动中时间中点的瞬时速度大小等于该过程中的平均速度可以求出某点的瞬时速度,因此有:v1==0.38m/s.(3)在匀变速直线运动中,连续相等时间内的位移差为常数即△x=aT2,将T=0.1s和△x=1.5cm带入解得a=1.5m/s2.故答案为:(1)匀加速直线,△x=常数;(2)0.38;(3)1.5.点评:ﻩ明确实验原理是解决实验问题的关键,同时要加强匀变速直线运动规律等物理知识在实验中的应用.14.(10分)某同学设计了一个探究加速度与物体所受合外力F及质量M的关系实验.图1为实验装置简图,A为小车,B为打点计时器,C为装有砂的砂桶(总质量为m),D为一端带有定滑轮的长木板.(1)若保持砂和砂桶质量m不变,改变小车质量M,分别得到小车加速度a与质量M及对应的数据如表所示.根据表1数据,为直观反映F不变时a与M的关系,请在图2所示的方格坐标纸中选择恰当的物理量建立坐标系,并作出图线.次数ﻩ1ﻩ23ﻩ4ﻩ5小车加速度a/(m•s﹣2)1ﻩ.981ﻩ1.48ﻩ.00ﻩ0.67 0.50小车质量M/kg 0.250.33ﻩ0.50 0.75 1.00质量倒数/kg﹣1 4.00ﻩ3.002.0ﻩ0ﻩ1.331.00ﻩ从图线中得到F不变时,小车加速度a与质量M之间存在的关系是F不变时,小车加速度a与质量M之间存在的关系是成反比..(2)该同学在探究a与F的关系时,把砂和砂桶的总重力当作小车的合外力F,作出a﹣F图线如图3所示,图线没通过坐标原点且上部发生了弯曲.①你认为图线上部弯曲的原因是B.A.平衡摩擦力时木板倾角太大B.没有满足砂和砂桶的总质量远小于小车质量M.C.没有按要求先接通电源后释放小车D.平衡摩擦力时木板倾角太小②为了使作出的a﹣F图线能过坐标原点,需要调整实验装置,可采取以下措施CA.增加小车的质量B.减小小车的质量C.适当垫高长木板的右端D.适当增加小桶内砝码质量(3)在这个实验中,为了探究两个物理量之间的关系,要保持第三个物理量不变,这种探究方法叫做控制变量法.考点:ﻩ探究加速度与物体质量、物体受力的关系.专题:ﻩ实验题;牛顿运动定律综合专题.分析:ﻩ纸带实验中,若纸带匀变速直线运动,测得纸带上的点间距,利用匀变速直线运动的推论,可计算出打出某点时纸带运动的瞬时速度和加速度.。
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
中国网络文学经过二十多年的发展,已经进入繁荣期。
网络文学研究也不断取得突破,然而,对于网络文学的属性、特质,研究界依然存在争议。
网络文学具有商品属性、文络属性。
传统文学亦具有商品与文络文络属性,除了网生性特质之外,也影响了文学的商品属性与文络文学比之传统纸媒出版,具有更低廉的成本,更有效的话语符号增值性(如IP经济集成策略)等特点。
在文络文学,一方面表现为对“广义文化传统”的继承,另一方面也表现为对审美愉悦,特别是通俗类型文学叙事艺术的故事性、幻想性、虚构性与代入性的重视。
就此而言,中国网络文学,不是对“传统文学”的终结,而是对中国传统文学的继承和发展。
这里既有媒介转换带来的革命性变化,也有着和中国文化传统的内在联系。
中国网络文学对传统文学的继承,也需要辨析和理性认识。
从古典文学传统来看,纵观中国网络文学优秀作品,儒家仁爱思想、道家浪漫想象,都表现于历史穿越文、玄幻奇幻文等很多门类的创作中。
唐诗宋词与历代散文为代表的诗文传统,影响了网络文学言情、历史等文体的表现风格。
中国各个历史时期的典章制度、社会风貌,也较好地展现在网络文学之中,其中一些优秀作品历史现场感强,散发着醇厚、深沉的传统文化味道。
从文学类型与文类笔法上看,中国网络文学也较好地继承了中国通俗文学传统。
主要表现在对既有类型的丰富与开拓,有的网络小说重写西游故事,赋予“西游神话”现代魅力与异彩纷呈的故事;有的作品将中华美食文化展现得淋漓尽致;有的作品以丰富的收藏鉴宝知识、曲折紧张的故事吸引大批读者,也传递出对“金钱至上”的讽刺;网络武侠文学也从金庸、古龙、梁羽生、温瑞安为代表的华语现代武侠小说,发展为“国术技击流”“网络新武侠”“科技武侠”等亚类型。
我们还看到,网文的“文学传统继承性”,不仅表现在故事内容、情节设计、人物塑造、文体风格上,还表现为这些“中国传统元素”对中国文学时空观念的回归与拓展。
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三语文上学期期中试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三语文上学期期中试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
树下铁凝①自从儿子去北京念大学,一家人得全力以赴供应儿子每月的开销,老于连烟都戒了,哪儿还能挤出取暖的煤钱。
又过了些时候,老同学项珠珠从省会调至老于的城市,做了这城市的副市长。
自此,老于和家人常在电视屏幕上看见她。
②老于的老婆说,这个女市长和你不是同学么,能不能跟市长说说,给咱们找两间有暖气的房。
老于说,怕不好开这个口。
此时全家正吃晚饭,老于盯住女儿的双手,手肿着,青一块紫一块的。
再看看孩子的耳朵,也冻了。
女儿前不久刚参加全省高中组奥林匹克数学竞赛,拿了个第二,回家后她对老于说,她的目标是北大、清华,非这两个学校不考。
明年女儿高中毕业,最关键的一年,老于拿什么来支持女儿的关键时刻?也许真应该去找老同学项珠珠市长。
③找找她又有何妨?谁让她总在电视屏幕上出现呢,谁让她是这城市的父母官呢,难道老于不是归她管辖的一个市民么。
再说找她又不是为我老于,是为我的女儿啊,她是个人才,人才不是父母的私有财产,是属于民族属于国家的,让属于民族和国家的人有好一点的居住条件又有什么不对呢?他想起前两天,深夜苦读书的女儿双脚踩在炭火盆的边沿上,炭火烤着了女儿的棉鞋,差点烧着女儿的脚。
要是房间有暖气,何至于女儿要围着一只小小的炭盆取暖呢。
老于越想越觉得理直气壮,便有些后悔前两次同学聚会没去参加。
那本是联络感情的形式之一啊,倘若在那样的场合不断见面,再开口求人办事就显得很自然。
不过,即使没有参加那几次的聚会,项珠珠也否认不了老于是她的中学同班同学。
这么一想,老于心里安定了。
④老于家中无电话,第二天他特意早些上班,趁同事们还没进教研室,他给项市长打了电话。
电话里的项珠珠很热情,问老于是不是有什么事找她。
这边老于连连说着没事没事真没什么事,声音挺大,就好像谁说有事谁就是诬陷了他似的。
2020-2021学年武汉市第一高级中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年武汉市第一高级中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour remarkable inventionsFor more than half a century, the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) has been the place for companies and inventors to display their newest and coolest gadgets.Here are our picks for some of the most interesting and creative inventions.The Sweet Little Rolling RobotSamsung has released Ballie, a tennis-sized robot that can follow you around the house, answer your questions, and entertain your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, it can keep an eye on your home while you're away. It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.The Insoles to Pick Up Your PactAny runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds. Half marathon, here you come!The No-Studio-Needed Yoga ClassCan't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell you whether you need to straighten your legs a bit more. The idea it that it improves your form while reducing the risk of injury.The Dau-Enhanced GrillWhile working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do?A. Feed your pets.B. Hay tennis with you.C. Take you wherever you want.D. Assist you to do your housework.2. Which of the following is suitable for a runner?A. Ballie.B. Nurvv.C. Yoganotch.D. Smart Grilling Hub.3. What do we know about the Weber’s invention?A. It uses virtual reality.B. It is convenient for cooking.C. It makes meals for you automatically.D. It helps you do well in your yoga exercises.BAt the age of 50, Nina Schoen expects to have a long lifeahead of her, but has thought a lot about death—and why people are so reluctant to talk about it: “It’s going to happen to all of us,” she says, “but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it.”When she first heard about a new end-of-life process that turns the body into compost (堆肥), “I was really moved by the idea,” says Schoen, who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based company called Recompose, the county’s first funeral home to offer human composting.Last year Recompose began transforming bodies to soil, more formally known as natural organic reduction. Before that, end-of-life options in the U.S. were limited to burial or cremation (火化), both of which come with environmental costs—U.S. cremations alone dump 1.7 billion pounds of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere every year.Katrina Spade pioneering the composting movement has spent a decade developing the process in hopes of offering people a greener option for death care. “I wondered, ‘What if we had a choice that helps the planet rather than harms it?’” Spade tells PEOPLE. “To know that the last gesture you’ll make will be gentle and beneficial and it just feels like the right thing to do.”After she had her own two sons, she began to wonder what she might do with her body after death. A friend who knew her interest in the topic reminded her that farmers sometimes compost the body of cows, and thatsparkedan idea for her theory: “If you can compost a cow, you can probably compost a human,” she thought, and she set about designing a facility to do just that.“This is about giving people another choice,” Spade says. “At first, people react with shock—‘You really can do that?’ But so many people today are looking at their impact on the Earth. This is a popular thing because when you die, you can give back to the planet.”4. How do people react when it comes to death according to paragraph 1?A. They are unwilling to comment.B. They can face it without fear.C. They feel it a positive experience.D. They would like to compost their bodies.5. What can we know about the company Recompose?A. Its CEO is Katrina Spade.B. It is located in Seattle.C. It was founded to resist cremation.D. It has spent 10 years composting bodies.6. What does the underlined word “sparked” probably mean?A. Changed.B. Compromised.C. Quitted.D. Inspired.7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. A little things in our life can bring in big outcomes.B. We human beings should do all we can to help the earth.C. Composting is so popular that we should reserve a spot soon.D. We should reject burial because of its harm to environment.CIn the northern part ofAustin there once lived an honest family by the name of Smothers. The family had John Smothers, his wife and their five-year-old daughter.One night after supper the little girl was ill with a serious stomachache, and John Smothers hurried downtown to get some medicine. He never came back. The mother was very sad over her husband's disappearance, and it was nearly three months before she married again, and moved to San Antonio. The little girl recovered and in time grew up to womanhood. After a few years had rolled around, the little girl also married in time, and she also had a little girl of five years. She still lived in the same house where theydweltwhen her father had left and never returned.By an unbelievable coincidence her little girl was taken with the same stomachache on the same night of the disappearance of John Smothers, who would now have been her grandfather if he had been alive. “I will go downtown and get some medicine for her,” said John Smith(for it was he whom she had married). “No, no, dearJohn,” cried his wife. “You, too, might disappear forever, and then forget to come back.” So John Smith did not go, and together they sat by the bedside of little Pansy. After a little while Pansy seemed to grow worse, and John Smith again wanted to go for medicine, but his wife would not let him.Just then, the door suddenly opened and an old man with long white hair entered the room. “Hello, here is grandpa,” said Pansy. She had recognized him before any of the others. The old man drew a bottle of medicine from his pocket and gave Pansy a spoonful. She got well immediately. “I was a little late,” said John Smothers, “as I waited for a street car.”8. What happened after John Smothers disappeared?A. His daughter took some medicine.B. His wife left for San Antonio.C. Pansy immediately had a stomachache.D. John Smith went for medicine.9. What does the underlined word “dwelt” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Lived.B. Left.C. Returned.D. Married.10. What is the relationship between John Smothersand Pansy?A. Husband and wife.B. Father and daughter.C. Grandfather and granddaughter.D. Father and son.11. How could Pansy's mother feel when she saw John Smothers?A. Worried.B. Sad.C. Uninterested.D. Surprised.DBrown cows may not actually make chocolate milk, but pink silkworms(蚕)do produce pink silk, a team of scientists has discovered. To see if they could produce pre-dyed silk-silk that comes color1 ed, straight from the source-the team fed ordinary silkworms mulberry(桑树)leaves that had been sprayed(喷洒)with fabric(织物)dyes(染色剂). Out of seven tested dyes, only one worked, producing a thread that reminded me of pink-dyed hair.And yes, the worms themselves take on some color1 before they produce silk. Their color1 ful diets did not affect their growth, the team, which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory in India, reports in the journalACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. (The researchers didn't look too deeply into how the dyes affected the silkworms' health. After all, silkworms die when people harvest their silk.)The team made dyeing silk this way because color1 ing fabric normally uses large amounts of fresh water. The water gets polluted with dangerous chemicals in the process, requiring costly treatment before factories can sendit back into waterways. Dyeing silk directly by feeding silkworms would avoid those water-washing steps. Scientists are just starting to study this idea. However, it remains to be seen if it's commercially successful. In this experiment, the Indian team tested seven dyes, which are cheap and popular in the industry.The scientists found different dyes moved through silkworms' bodies differently. Some never made it into the worms' silk at all. Others color1 ed the worms and their silk but the color1 disappears before the silk is turned into fabric. Only one dye, named "direct acid fast red", showed up in the final, washed silk threads. By the time it made it there, it was a pleasant, light pink.12. The text is most probably a(n) ________.A. science reportB. tourist guideC. animal experimentD. fashion advertisement13. Silkworms can produce pink silk because ________.A. they are born pinkB. they are dyed pinkC. they grow in pink waterD. they are fed dyed food14. Where is the experiment carried out?A. In America.B. In India.C. In Israel.D. In China.15. How many dyes have been proved successful in the experiment?A. One.B. Three.C. Five.D. Seven.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年武汉市第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashington D.C. SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.The Old Town Trolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites including Museum of African American History and Culture.Comedy Walks Washington D.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1.Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour2.Which tour lasts longest?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour3.Where will you read this text most likely?A.In a guidebook.B.In a magazine.C.In a newspaper.D.On the Internet.BAt first glance, there is nothing unusual about BingoBox’s convenience store–shelves packed with snacks line the walls, attracting passers-by through the glass windows. But upon closer look, BingoBox is no ordinary store. The door unlocks only after customers scan (扫描) aQR code to enter, and there is no cashier — just a lone checkout counter (柜台) in a corner. The Shanghai-based company is one of many unmanned store operators (运营者) opening outlets all over China, hoping to improve slim profit by reducing staff costs.“Ifstaff costs rise quickly, that puts greater pressure on low-profit businesses like convenience stores and supermarkets,” said Andrew Song, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities. “InChina, manpower costs have been rising ly quickly.”However, the future vision of shopping without a check-out person is still a work in progress. A Post reporter who visited a BingoBox store inShanghaiwas briefly locked in when trying to exit without buying anything. Although a sign near the exit stated that empty-handed customers can leave by scanning a QR code, no QR code was to be found. Repeated calls to the customer service hotline went unanswered.The idea of unmanned stores first caught the world’s attention in December last year. Equipped with technology such as RFID tags, mobile payment systems and facial and movement recognition, such stores collect large amounts of data that give operators a better idea of consumer preferences and buying habits, which can then be used to optimize (使最优化) operations and make more efficient inventory decisions. For companies like BingoBox, lower operating costs also mean it can afford to expand its reach to areas with less foot traffic or fewer people, according to its founder and chief executive ChenZilin.4. What makes BingoBox store look like an ordinary convenience store?A. No cashier to check out.B. A lone checkout counter.C. Shelves packed with goods.D. Entering by scanning a QR code.5. Why are unmanned stores popular with operators?A. The customers prefer mobile payment systems.B. The unmanned stores help improve profit with lower labor costs.C. The employees focus on consumer preferences and buying habits.D. The operators care more about operations and inventory decisions.6. Why is the reporter’s case mentioned in the passage?A. To show his anger and dissatisfaction.B. To warn people not to go to a BingoBox store.C. To explain unmanned stores still have a long way to go.D. To complain that QR code service is not convenient at all..7. What can we infer from the chief executive Chen Zilin?A. Nowadays all stores should be equipped with advanced technology.B. The operators collect data about consumer preferences and buying habits.C. BingoBox made wiser decisions based on the data collected in those unmanned stores.D. The operators can open unmanned supermarkets in more distant places with low cost.CWhen I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboat man. We had temporary ambitions of other sorts, but they were only temporary.My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing;butthe desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. One of our boys in town, who went away and was not heard of for-a long time, turned up as apprentice engineer on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday—school teachings. That boy was notoriously worldly, and I was just the opposite. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty nail to scrub while his boat stopped at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him. And wherever his boat was laid up he would come home and show off in the town in his blackest and greasiest clothes, so that nobody could help remembering that he was a steamboat man; and he used all sorts of steamboat technical terms in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it was speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river. Despite many choices, pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary—from 150—250 dollars a month, and no board payment.But our parents would not let us and our worry was the next year would find us hunting for jobs with low pay again. So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a pilot and could come in glory.8. Why does the writer mention his father's job in Paragraph 2?A. To show that his father was in power.B. To show that his father is cruel.C. To emphasize the job he prefers.D. To emphasize his love for his father.9. Which of the following can best conclude the writer's attitude toward the boy?A. He thought the boy was material but pitiful.B. He thought the boy was annoying but still envied him.C. He thought the boy was shallow but knowledgeable.D. He thought the boy was disrespectful but still liked him.10. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. The boy talked in a way to make others feel jealous.B. The boy's experience made other boys follow suit.C. The pilot's salary was ly high but without meals covered.D. The writer was ambitious to make his childhood dream come true.11. What rhetorical method does the underlined sentence have?A. Simile.B. Personification.C. Parallelism.D. Irony.DWho is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)likegender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair.B. They're conservative.C. They're objective.D. They're strict.13. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分高中高一(上)期末数学试卷
2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分高中高一(上)期末数学试卷一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)已知集合A={x|x2+x﹣2>0},B={﹣3,﹣2,0,1,2,3},则A∩B=()A.{﹣3,2}B.{﹣3,2,3}C.{﹣1,0,1,2}D.{﹣3,﹣2,2,3}2.(5分)设命题p:∀n∈N,n2≤2n,则¬p为()A.∀n∈N,n2>2n B.∃n∈N,n2≤2n C.∃n∈N,n2>2n D.∀n∈N,n2≥2n 3.(5分)已知函数则=()A.B.C.﹣16D.164.(5分)已知p:a≥0;q:∀x∈R,x2﹣ax+a>0,则p是q的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件5.(5分)下列函数中,既是偶函数又在区间(0,+∞)单调递减的是()A.y=x2+1B.y=|x|﹣1C.D.y=e﹣x6.(5分)已知正实数a,b满足2a+3b=1,则的最小值为()A.15B.C.16D.7.(5分)函数y=的部分图象大致为()A.B.C.D.8.(5分)已知定义域为R的函数f(x)是奇函数,且f(x+2)(x),若f(x)在区间[0,则,f(1),的大小关系是()A.B.C.D.二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中有多项符合题目要求全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得3分,有选错的得0分.9.(5分)若0<a<1,b>c>1,则()A.B.c a﹣1<b a﹣1C.D.10.(5分)已知函数,下列结论正确的是()A.f(x)的定义域为[﹣1,0)∪(0,1]B.f(x)的图象关于坐标原点对称C.f(x)在定义域上是减函数D.f(x)的值域为[﹣1,1]11.(5分)已知函数若关于x的方程f(x)=m有四个不同的实数x1,x2,x3,x4满足x1<x2<x3<x4,则下列结论正确的是()A.x1x2=﹣1B.C.x3+x4=10D.x3•x4∈[21,25]12.(5分)高斯是德国著名的数学家,近代数学奠基者之一,享有“数学王子”的称号,用其名字命名的“高斯函数”为:设x∈R,用[x]表示不超过x的最大整数,例如:[﹣3.5]=﹣4,[2.1]=2.已知函数(x)=[f(x)],以下结论正确的是()A.f(x)在R上是增函数B.g(x)是偶函数C.f(x)是奇函数D.g(x)的值域是{﹣1,0}三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(5分)函数f(x)=ln(1﹣x)+的定义域为.14.(5分)求值:=.15.(5分)当生物死亡后,它机体内原有的碳14含量会按确定的比率衰减(称为衰减率),大约每经过5730年衰减为原来的一半,则死亡生物体内碳14含量每年的衰减率为.16.(5分)函数f(x)=log a(x2﹣ax+12)在(2,3)单调递减,则实数a的取值范围是.四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(10分)已知全集U=R,集合A={x|x2+2x﹣8≤0},B={x|m﹣1≤x≤m+1}.(1)若m=2,求(∁U B)∩A;(2)若B⊆A,求实数m的取值范围.18.(12分)已知函数f(x)=﹣x2+2|x|.(1)判断函数f(x)的奇偶性;(2)将函数f(x)写成分段函数的形式,并在如图所示的坐标系内作出函数的图象19.(12分)已知函数f(x)=log2.(1)求不等式f(x)<1的解集;(2)判断并证明f(x)的单调性.20.(12分)(1)已知,,比较f(x)与g(x);(2)比较log45,log56的大小.21.(12分)某品牌手机公司的年固定成本为50万元,每生产1万部手机需增加投入20万元,该公司一年内生产x(x>0),销售1万部手机的收入R(x)=380﹣5x万元,销售1万部手机的收入万元(1)写出年利润y万元关于年销售量x万部的函数解析式;(2)年销售量为多少万部时,利润最大,并求出最大利润.22.(12分)已知函数f(x)=log3(9x+1)+kx(k∈R)是偶函数.(1)求实数k的值;(2)若函数y=f(x)﹣x+a没有零点,求实数a的取值范围;(3)若函数h(x)=3f(x)+x﹣m•3x﹣1,x∈[0,log35]的最大值为0,求实数m的值.2020-2021学年湖北省武汉市部分高中高一(上)期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)已知集合A={x|x2+x﹣2>0},B={﹣3,﹣2,0,1,2,3},则A∩B=()A.{﹣3,2}B.{﹣3,2,3}C.{﹣1,0,1,2}D.{﹣3,﹣2,2,3}【分析】可求出集合A,然后进行交集的运算即可.【解答】解:∵A={x|x<﹣2或x>1},B={﹣4,﹣1,0,6,2,∴A∩B={﹣3,6,3}.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了描述法和列举法的定义,一元二次不等式的解法,交集及其运算,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.2.(5分)设命题p:∀n∈N,n2≤2n,则¬p为()A.∀n∈N,n2>2n B.∃n∈N,n2≤2n C.∃n∈N,n2>2n D.∀n∈N,n2≥2n 【分析】利用全称命题的否定是特称命题,写出结果即可.【解答】解:因为全称命题的否定是特称命题,所以,n2≤2n,则¬P为:∃n∈N,n6>2n.故选:C.【点评】本题考查命题的否定,特称命题与全称命题的否定关系,是基础题.3.(5分)已知函数则=()A.B.C.﹣16D.16【分析】根据自变量的值判断使用哪一段解析式求解,然后利用对数和指数的运算性质求解即可.【解答】解:因为函数则,所以=f(﹣2)=.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了函数的求值问题,主要考查的是分段函数的求解,解题的关键是确定选用哪一段解析式求解,属于基础题.4.(5分)已知p:a≥0;q:∀x∈R,x2﹣ax+a>0,则p是q的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【分析】先利用一元二次不等式恒成立求出q,然后利用两个范围之间的关系结合充分条件与必要条件的定义进行判断即可.【解答】解:因为∀x∈R,x2﹣ax+a>0,所以△=(﹣a)2﹣4a<0,解得7<a<4,所以q:0<a<7,又p:a≥0,因为(0,4)⫋[0,故p是q的必要不充分条件.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了充分条件与必要条件的判断,解题的关键是掌握充分条件与必要条件的判断方法,属于基础题.5.(5分)下列函数中,既是偶函数又在区间(0,+∞)单调递减的是()A.y=x2+1B.y=|x|﹣1C.D.y=e﹣x【分析】分别判断函数的奇偶性和单调性是否满足条件即可.【解答】解:A.y=x2+1是偶函数,当x>2时为增函数.B.y=|x|﹣1是偶函数,y=x﹣1为增函数,C.函数是偶函数,满足条件,D.函数为非奇非偶函数.故选:C.【点评】本题主要考查函数奇偶性和单调性的判断,利用函数奇偶性和单调性的性质是解决本题的关键,是基础题.6.(5分)已知正实数a,b满足2a+3b=1,则的最小值为()A.15B.C.16D.【分析】根据2a+3b=1可得出,然后根据基本不等式即可得出的最小值.【解答】解:∵a>0,b>0,∴,当且仅当,即,∴的最小值为:.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了基本不等式求最值的方法,注意说明等号成立的条件,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.7.(5分)函数y=的部分图象大致为()A.B.C.D.【分析】判断函数的奇偶性和对称性,结合0<x<1时,f(x)<0,进行判断即可.【解答】解:f(x)=,则f(﹣x)=,则函数f(x)是奇函数,D,由f(x)=6,得x3﹣2x=6,得x=0或x=±,当2<x<1时,f(x)<0,故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查函数图象的识别和判断,利用函数的奇偶性和对称性,以及函数值的符号,利用排除法是解决本题的关键,是基础题.8.(5分)已知定义域为R的函数f(x)是奇函数,且f(x+2)(x),若f(x)在区间[0,则,f(1),的大小关系是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据条件求出函数是周期为4的周期函数,结合函数的周期性和单调性进行转化求解即可.【解答】解:∵f(x+2)=﹣f(x),∴f(x+4)=﹣f(x+2)=f(x),即函数f(x)是周期为4的周期函数,则=f(5.5﹣4)=f(5.5)=f(2﹣6.5)=﹣f(﹣0.6)=f(0.5),=f(2﹣)=﹣f(),∵f(x)在区间[6,1]是减函数,则f()>f(0.5)>f(1),即.故选:B.【点评】本题主要考查函数值的大小比较,结合函数的周期性和单调性进行转化是解决本题的关键,是中档题.二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中有多项符合题目要求全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得3分,有选错的得0分.9.(5分)若0<a<1,b>c>1,则()A.B.c a﹣1<b a﹣1C.D.【分析】选项A,根据已知范围易判断,选项BC,可转化为幂函数的单调性判断大小,选项D,作差比较即可求解.【解答】解:选项A:由已知可得0<<1,所以()a<5,故A正确,选项B:因为a﹣1<0,幂函数y=x a﹣7是递减函数,而b>c a﹣1>b a﹣1,B错误,选项C:因为7<a<1,所以函数y=log a x是单调递减函数,所以0>log a c>log a b,所以,故C错误,选项D:因为,因为0<a<7,b>c>1,b﹣a>0,所以<5,故选:AD.【点评】本题考查了不等式的性质,涉及到幂函数的单调性以及作差比较大小的应用,属于基础题.10.(5分)已知函数,下列结论正确的是()A.f(x)的定义域为[﹣1,0)∪(0,1]B.f(x)的图象关于坐标原点对称C.f(x)在定义域上是减函数D.f(x)的值域为[﹣1,1]【分析】A求出函数定义域,对函数化简;B验证函数奇偶性判断;C特值法判断;D特值法判断.【解答】解:x2﹣x4=x2(1﹣x2)≥8,|x+1|﹣1≠5,0)∪(0,f(x)=;对于A,由上述知;对于B,因为f(﹣x)=﹣f(x);对于C,因为f(﹣3)=f(1);对于D,f(x)=1无解.故选:AB.【点评】本题以命题的真假判断为载体,考查了函数的基本概念,属基础题.11.(5分)已知函数若关于x的方程f(x)=m有四个不同的实数x1,x2,x3,x4满足x1<x2<x3<x4,则下列结论正确的是()A.x1x2=﹣1B.C.x3+x4=10D.x3•x4∈[21,25]【分析】作出函数f(x)的图象,可知|log2(x1+1)|=|log2(x2+1)|,x3,x4是方程x2﹣5x+=m的两根,由此即可判断出正确选项.【解答】解:依题意,|log2(x1+7)|=|log2(x2+4)|且﹣1<x1<4<x2<3,∴log8(x1+1)+log6(x2+1)=3,即(x1+1)(x2+1)=1,∴x5x2+x1+x5+1=1,∴=﹣1,选项B正确;由题意知,x3,x5是方程x3﹣5x+=m,即方程x7﹣10x+25﹣2m=0的两根,∴x7+x4=10,x3x6=25﹣2m∈[21,25],选项D均正确.故选:BCD.【点评】本题考查函数零点与方程根的关系,考查数形结合思想,属于中档题.12.(5分)高斯是德国著名的数学家,近代数学奠基者之一,享有“数学王子”的称号,用其名字命名的“高斯函数”为:设x∈R,用[x]表示不超过x的最大整数,例如:[﹣3.5]=﹣4,[2.1]=2.已知函数(x)=[f(x)],以下结论正确的是()A.f(x)在R上是增函数B.g(x)是偶函数C.f(x)是奇函数D.g(x)的值域是{﹣1,0}【分析】A根据复合函数单调性判断;B化简函数并求出分段表达式,根据偶函数定义,用特值法判断;C根据奇函数定义,用特值法判断;D由表达式求出值域判断.【解答】解:对于A,因为f(x)=是递减的是递增的;对于B,因为e x+1∈(7,+∞)⇒⇒,0)⇒f(x)∈(﹣1,所以f(x)的值域为(﹣6,1),g(﹣2)=﹣1,所以B错;对于C,因为f(﹣x)=,根据奇函数定义知,所以C对;对于D,由B知.故选:ACD.【点评】本题以命题的真假判断为载体,考查了函数的单调性,考查了求函数值域问题,属中档题.三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(5分)函数f(x)=ln(1﹣x)+的定义域为[﹣2,1).【分析】根据函数成立的条件建立不等式关系即可.【解答】解:要使函数有意义,则,得,即﹣2≤x<1,2),故答案为:[﹣2,1).【点评】本题主要考查函数的定义域的求解,要求熟练掌握常见函数成立的条件.14.(5分)求值:=0.【分析】利用指数、对数的性质、运算法则直接求解.【解答】解:=﹣+2=0.故答案为:5.【点评】本题考查对数式、指数式化简求值,考查指数、对数的性质、运算法则等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是基础题.15.(5分)当生物死亡后,它机体内原有的碳14含量会按确定的比率衰减(称为衰减率),大约每经过5730年衰减为原来的一半,则死亡生物体内碳14含量每年的衰减率为1﹣().【分析】设每年的衰减率为x,另设原来的碳14含量为A,则由已知可得:A﹣A(1﹣x)5730=,解方程即可求解.【解答】解:设每年的衰减率为x,另设原来的碳14含量为A,则由已知可得:A﹣A(1﹣x)5730=,所以(5﹣x),即x=2﹣(),故答案为:1﹣().【点评】本题考查了根据实际问题建立函数模型的问题,考查了学生对题干的理解能力,属于基础题.16.(5分)函数f(x)=log a(x2﹣ax+12)在(2,3)单调递减,则实数a的取值范围是[6,7]∪(0,1).【分析】由题意利用查复合函数的单调性,二次函数、对数函数的性质,分类讨论a的范围,得到两个不等式组,分别求得不等式组的解集,再取并集,即得所求.【解答】解:∵函数f(x)=log a(x2﹣ax+12)在(2,5)单调递减,∴①②.解①求得6≤a≤2;解②求得0<a<1.综上可得,实数a的范围为[5,1),故答案为:[6,5]∪(0.【点评】本题主要考查复合函数的单调性,二次函数、对数函数的性质,属于中档题.四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(10分)已知全集U=R,集合A={x|x2+2x﹣8≤0},B={x|m﹣1≤x≤m+1}.(1)若m=2,求(∁U B)∩A;(2)若B⊆A,求实数m的取值范围.【分析】(1)m=2,求出集合A,B,从而求出∁U B,由此能求出(∁U B)∩A.(2)求出B={x|m﹣1≤x≤m+1}≠∅,再由B⊆A,列不等式组,能求出实数m的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)m=2,全集U=R2+3x﹣8≤0}={x|﹣3≤x≤2},B={x|1≤x≤8}.∁U B={x|x<1或x>3},∴(∁U B)∩A={x|﹣7≤x<1}.(2)∵集合A={x|﹣4≤x≤6},B={x|m﹣1≤x≤m+1}≠∅,∴,解得﹣3≤m≤1.∴实数m的取值范围[﹣8,1].【点评】本题考查补集、交集、实数的取值范围的求法,考查补集、交集、子集定义等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是基础题.18.(12分)已知函数f(x)=﹣x2+2|x|.(1)判断函数f(x)的奇偶性;(2)将函数f(x)写成分段函数的形式,并在如图所示的坐标系内作出函数的图象【分析】(1)根据奇偶性的定义进行判断即可.(2)根据绝对值的意义进行转化,结合图象即可得到函数的单调性.【解答】解:(1)f(﹣x)=﹣(﹣x)2+2|﹣x|=﹣x4+2|x|=f(x),则f(x)是偶函数.(2)f(x)=,作出f(x)的图象如图:则函数的单调递增区间为(﹣∞,﹣1]和[3,单调递减区间为[﹣1,0]和[5.【点评】本题主要考查函数奇偶性和单调性的判断,结合奇偶性的定义以及利用数形结合是解决本题的关键,是基础题.19.(12分)已知函数f(x)=log2.(1)求不等式f(x)<1的解集;(2)判断并证明f(x)的单调性.【分析】(1)先分析函数f(x)的定义域,由对数的运算性质可得f(x)<1等价于0<<2,解可得x的取值范围,即可得答案;(2)根据题意,由作差法分析可得结论.【解答】解:(1)根据题意,函数f(x)=log2,必有,解可得﹣4<x<1,即函数的定义域为(﹣1,若f(x)<2,即0<,解可得:﹣1<x<,即不等式f(x)<1的解集为(﹣1,);(2)根据题意,f(x)在(﹣1;证明:f(x)的定义域为(﹣8,1)1<x2<1,f(x1)﹣f(x4)=log2﹣log8=log2=log2,又由﹣1<x1<x6<1,则x1﹣x2<0,则有,则f(x8)﹣f(x2)=log2<0,故f(x)在(﹣1,3)上为增函数,【点评】本题考查函数单调性的判断,涉及对数不等式的解法,属于基础题.20.(12分)(1)已知,,比较f(x)与g(x);(2)比较log45,log56的大小.【分析】(1)在同一直角坐标系中作出,=2x图象,数形结合能求出结果.(2)法一:log n(n+1)=1+log n>1+log n+1>1+log n+1=log(n+1)(n+2),从而log n(n+1)>log(n+1)(n+2),由此能求出log45>log56.法二:设f(x)=log x(x+1),x>1,求出f′(x)=,利用导数性质求出f(x)在(1,+∞)上是减函数,从而log45>log56.【解答】解:(1),=2x,在同一直角坐标系中作出,=2x图象如下:结合图象得:当x<0时,f(x)>g(x),f(x)=g(x),g(x)>f(x).(2)解法一:log n(n+6)=1+log n>5+log n+1>8+log n+1=log(n+1)(n+2),(n∈N*,故log n(n+2)>log(n+1)(n+2),(n∈N*,∴log75>log53.解法二:设f(x)=log x(x+1),x>1,x>1,∴f′(x)=,∵g(x)=xlnx在(8,+∞)上是增函数,∴f′(x)<0,∴f(x)在(1,∴f(4)>f(5),∴log45>log57.【点评】本题考查两数大小的比较,考查函数图象、构造法、导数性质等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是中档题.21.(12分)某品牌手机公司的年固定成本为50万元,每生产1万部手机需增加投入20万元,该公司一年内生产x(x>0),销售1万部手机的收入R(x)=380﹣5x万元,销售1万部手机的收入万元(1)写出年利润y万元关于年销售量x万部的函数解析式;(2)年销售量为多少万部时,利润最大,并求出最大利润.【分析】(1)根据已知分段求出y,最后以分段函数的形式写出y的关系式即可;(2)根据(1)的结论,分段求出函数的最大值,比较即可求解.【解答】解:(1)当0<x≤40时,y=x(380﹣5x)﹣20x﹣50=﹣3x2+360x﹣50,当x>40时,y=x(﹣20x+8950,所以年利润y万元关于年销售量x万部的函数解析式为y=;(2)当5<x≤40时,y=﹣5(x﹣36)2+6430,所以当x=36时,y max=6430,当x>40时,y=﹣(,当且仅当,即x=45时取等号max=7150,综上,年销售量为45万部时,且最大利润为7150万元.【点评】本题考查了根据实际问题建立函数模型的问题,涉及到二次函数求最值以及基本不等式求最值的问题,考查了学生的运算能力,属于中档题.22.(12分)已知函数f(x)=log3(9x+1)+kx(k∈R)是偶函数.(1)求实数k的值;(2)若函数y=f(x)﹣x+a没有零点,求实数a的取值范围;(3)若函数h(x)=3f(x)+x﹣m•3x﹣1,x∈[0,log35]的最大值为0,求实数m的值.【分析】(1)利用偶数数的定义f(﹣x)=f(x),即可求出实数k的值;(2)令f(x)﹣x+a=0,得﹣a=f(x)﹣x,构造函数g(x)=f(x)﹣x,将问题转化为直线y=﹣a与函数y=g(x)的图象没有交点,从而求出实数a的取值范围;(3)化简可得h(x)=9x﹣m•3x,x∈[0,log35],运用换元法和二次函数在闭区间上的最值求法,可得所求最大值,再由最大值为0求解m值.【解答】解:(1)∵f(x)是偶函数,∴f(﹣x)=f(x),即log3(9﹣x+7)﹣kx=log3(9x+2)+kx对任意x∈R恒成立,∴2kx=log3(4﹣x+1)﹣log3(7x+1)=log3=,∴k=﹣1.(2)函数y=f(x)﹣x+a没有零点,即方程log2(9x+1)﹣7x=﹣a无实数根.令g(x)=log3(9x+6)﹣2x,则函数y=g(x)的图象与直线y=﹣a无交点,∵g(x)=log3(7x+1)﹣2x=log4(9x+1)﹣log59x=log3=,又1+>1>8,∴﹣a≤0,则a的取值范围是[0,+∞).(3)由题意h(x)=7x﹣m•3x,x∈[0,log35],令t=3x∈[8,5]2﹣mt,t∈[6,①当≤3,φ(t)max=φ(5)=25﹣4m=0,m=5;②当>3,φ(t)max=φ(1)=1﹣m=4,解得m=1(舍去).综上可知,实数m=5.【点评】本题考查函数奇偶性的性质及应用,考查函数零点的判定及二次函数最值的求法,考查转化思想和运算能力,属于中档题.。