启德教育TOEFL Junior入学测试卷
TOEFL-junior模拟试题解析
(A) vicinity(B) remote(C) distant(D) lonely
4. If you are always patient, we can say that you _______ lots of patience.
Language Form and Meaning
Directions
In this section of the test, you will answer37questions found in seven different texts. Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence. Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence. Mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
(A) acquire(B) erasable(C) eliminable(D) deletable
5. Roses _______ greatly in color, size, and shape.
(A) fragrant(B) vary(C) aroma(D) thorn
6. A _______ is a process that often involves a series of steps.
启德教育TOEFL-Junior入学测试卷
启德TOEFL Junior入学测试卷二零一五年学生姓名：学生年龄：年级：测试老师：测试成绩：测试日期：一、考试说明：此测试题目均选自专业TOEFL Junior试题。
题量较TOEFL Junior真实考试有所缩减，为了避免题型干扰，个别题目有所改动。
在做题过程中如果感到有压力和难度，是正常现象，请放松心态，发挥正常水平。
我们将根据你的测试成绩以及反馈提供最专业性和个性化的解决方案。
二、考试时间和分数分配：三、TOEFL Junior测试题Part 1 Listening ComprehensionDirections: this practice set has 9 questions. First you will hear two classroom instructions, which will be followed by one question each. Then you will hear a campus-based conversation and an academic talk or discussion, which will be followed by three or more questions. Please follow along the narrator carefully, as you will hear each listening material only one time.Questions1. What will the students probably do next?A. Clean up a mess in the laboratory.B. Ask the teacher some questions.C. Present reports about a science experiment.D. Put on safety glasses.2. What is the purpose of the talk?A. To tell students about the library’s hours and policies.B. To persuade students to use books instead of computers.C. To give students information about the library’s research tools.D. To warn students about unreliable information on the Internet.3. What’s the boy’s problem?A. He forgot a phone number.B. His mobile phone is broken.C. He cannot find his mobile phone.D. He left his mobile phone at home.4. What does the boy say his teacher makes the class do?A. Turn off their mobile phones.B. Leave their mobile phones at home.C. Put their mobiles inside their desks.D. Keep their mobile phones in their backpacks.5. What will the boy and girl probably do next?A. Call a friend.B. Make some signs.C. Phone the boy’s house.D. Write down a list of phone numbers.6. What is the main topic of the talk?A. Places where camels look for food in the desert.B. How camels survive in the desert.C. New kinds of foods discovered in the desert.D. Why temperatures change quickly in the desert.7. What false belief about camels does the speaker correct?A. That they run very fast.B. That they are found only in hot regions.C. That they can easily find water in the desert.D. That they store water in their humps.8. What does the speaker imply about the food that camels eat?A. It is full of fat.B. It dries out quickly.C. It is difficult to find.D. It contains a lot of water.9. According to the speaker, what is harmful to most animals’ health?A. Drinking too much water.B. Eating food that is very old.C. Going too long without rest.D. Spending a lot of time in the sun.Part 2 Language Form and MeaningIn this section of the test, you will answer 20 questions. Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence. Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence.1.The students _____ the History Museum if it _____ fine tomorrow.A. will visit….isB. will visit…will beC. would visit …wasD. would visit…would be2.Judy is going to marry the sailor she _______ in Rome last year.A.meetsB.metC.has metD.would meet3. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.--But our friends______ for us.A. will waitB. waitC. have waitedD. are waiting4. They _____ supper when we _____ into the room.A. are h aving…wentB. were having…g oC. were having…wentD. are having…go5. It seems it ______.A. will rainB. shall rainC. rainsD. is going to rain6. It’s nothing serious. Your son ____ all right by supper time.A. will beB. shall beC. isD. is going to be7.Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved8 . My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League memberfor about a year now.A. joined…has becomeB. joined…has beenC. has joined…has beenD. did join…had been9. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t10．--Were you surprised by the ending of the film?--No. I______the book, so I already knew the story.A. was readingB. had readC. am readingD. have read11. –We’ve spent too much money recently．--Well，it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives______ around all the time.A．are comingB．had comeC．were comingD．have been coming12. Nathan ____ he ____ his life for his country.A. said (iv)B. s ays…will giveC. said…givesD. said…would give13.The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated14.Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.A. cry；to cryB. crying；cryingC. cry；cryD. to cry；cry15.The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent ＿＿＿＿violin every day．A．to practise to play theB．practising playing theC．to practise to playD．practising to play16.The danger ________ the world is too many people with too little food.A. threateningB. threatenedC. which is threatenedD. to be threatened17.Is there a bar around _____ I can have something to eat?A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where18.My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house_____ t here is apower out.A.ifB.unlessC.in caseD.so that19.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do____ it takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever20．In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further wego , ____.A. our holidays will be betterB. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will beD. the better will our holiday bePart 3 Reading ComprehensionIn this section of the test, you will read a text and answer 10 questions. Choose the correct answer to each question.Questions 1-6 are about the following articles.Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route by intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes. These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants in either direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space. The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth down the trail.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones2. The word “forage” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species5. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is6. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant to point out(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone7. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.osest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) falling(B) depositing(C) swinging(D) starting10. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found(A) in the receptors of the ants(B) just above the trail(C) in the source of food(D) under the soil along the trail。
托福入学测试
托福保分班入学测试题-B（时间：50mins）Section 1: Vocabulary （10mins）Direction: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the synonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1. acute:(A) limited (B) intense (C) pure (D) necessary2. remarkable:(A) movement (B) school (C) tendency (D) extraordinary3. vary:(A) maximum (B) perplexing (C) independent (D) differ4. stressed:(A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D)emphasized5. considerable:(A) started (B) requested (C) proponent (D) great6. accelerate:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) increase (D) practically7. rushing:(A) faced (B) ruined (C) increased (D)rapid8. derived:(A) thoughtful (B) show (C) relational (D)obtained9. means:(A) dried (B) large (C) collected (D) methods10. establish:(A) connected (B) excellent (C) create (D) identified11. apparent(A). evident (B) differed (C). develops (D). invests12. prized(A). valued (B). limited (C).. replaced (D). dominated13.clues(A). fly (B). indication (C). feed (D). forge14. source(A). basis (B). long-lasting (C). marvelous (D). gorgeous15. sweep(A). varied (B). extend (C). audible (D). perilous16. thriving(A). prejudice (B). separate (C). conducive (D). flourishing17. at any rate(A). inimical (B). branch (C). observe (D). regardless18. prime(A). inhabitant (B). break (C). clan D). principal19. exert(A). spread (B). allow (C). recognized (D). put20. most common(A). contemplate (B). dedicate (C). put into practice (D). dominantDirection: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the antonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.21. vivid:(A) pierce (B) dull (C) Anguish (D) cover22. profound:(A) put together (B) Undistinguished (C) pile high (D) shallow23. disaster:(A) deficient (B) noisy (C) innovative (D) fortune24. fail:(A) increased (B) Corrupt (C) succeed (D) appeared25. gloom:(A) controlling (B) darken (C) opposing (D) brightness26. dignify:(A) report (B) learn (C) worry (D) degrade27. fresh:(A) firm (B) Stale (C) difficult (D) bitter28. adult:(A) lonely (B) lower (C) uncomfortable (D) infant29. complicate:(A) possible (B) basic (C) gradual (D) simplify30. Unworthy:(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) valuable31. Exit:(A) limited (B) entrance (C) pure (D) necessary32. invalid:(A) movement (B) forget (C) use (D) valid33. comfort:(A) conspiracy (B) attentive (C) independent (D) anguish34. skillful:(A) invariable (B) dull (C) predictable (D) awkward35. Intensify:(A) started (B) requested (C) adjourn (D) weaken36. misery:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) shelter (D) happy37. Regain:(A) faced (B) lose (C) increased (D) discussed38. Expenditure:(A) thoughtful (B) outline (C) relational (D) income39. Prolong:(A) dried (B) vex (C) reduce(D) evaporated40. Suspend:(A) connected (B) scatter (C) completed (D)continueSection 2: Reading Comprehension共27个题目，每题1分，第一套12题2分，第二套15题3分，共30分。
TOEFL-junior模拟测试试题
TOEFL-junior模拟试题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Language Form and MeaningDirectionsIn this section of the test, you will answer 37 questions found in seven different texts. Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence. Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence. Mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.Here are two sample questions:1. The idea that rocks last forever and that rocks(A) very(B) ever(C) quite(D) never2. change is not completely true. If you have ever stood next to a rushing river, you(A) saw(B) seen(C) are seeing(D) may have seenthe water hammering away at the rocks.The correct answer to Sample 1 is (D), “never.”The correct answer to Sample 2 is (D), “may have seen.”Go on to the next page, and the test will begin with question number one.1. A country’s _______ include all of its minerals, such as coal, gold, and silver.(A) resource (B) financial (C) ability (D) list2 .Whether two people or groups are fighting with words or weapons, we can say they are having a _______.(A) dispute (B) war (C) combat (D) victim3. If some lives in the _______ of your home, you would call that person a neighbor.(A) vicinity (B) remote (C) distant (D) lonely4. If you are always patient, we can say that you _______ lots of patience.(A) acquire (B) erasable (C) eliminable (D) deletable5. Roses _______ greatly in color, size, and shape.(A) fragrant (B) vary (C) aroma (D) thorn6. A _______ is a process that often involves a series of steps.(A) breather (B) half-whisper (C) susurrate (D) procedure7. If you say you have _______ time for an assignment, that means you have enough time to do it.(A) insufficient (B) adequate (C) wanting (D. quiver8. Anything that puts pressure on out emotions, bodies, or minds can be called _______.(A) arrow (B) Stress (C) projectile (D) straight9. Thelma had a _______ with her neighbors over their d ogs’ getting into her garbage cans.(A) indignant (B) approximately (C) everywhere (D) resent10. When the Carveys didn’t pay their rent for the third month in a row, the landlord actually came to their door to _____ them.(A) urge (B) console (C) keen (D) scold11. In the 1800s, it must have been very difficult to _______ with people who lived far away. Today we are all lucky to have phones and good mail service.(A) liaison (B) connect (C) beam (D) admonishQuestions 1-2612. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby _____ from freezing.(A) to save the seeds (B) saving the seeds (C) which saves the seeds (D) the seeds saved13. _____ mineral content in the bones of very young children is low compared to that of adults.(A) If the (B) That is (C) The (D) It is the14. _____, the silvery-checked hornbill chooses a hollow tree for a nest and seals herself in until her chicks are grown.(A) Protection for predators against(B) Against protection predators for(C) For protection against predators(D) Predators against protection for15. A floodplain is an extension of a river channel, _____ not inundated except during a flood.(A) where is it (B) but it is (C) or is (D) in case it16. The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., _____ in 1800.(A) after the government center(B) of the government center(C) the center of government(D) then the center of government17. Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman _____ to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.(A) to be elected (B) was elected(C) which she was elected (D) for her to be elected18. _____ of staging a play that help the audience understand its structure and meaning.(A) Specific aspects(B) When specific aspects(C) Specific aspects are(D) There are specific aspects19. Illustrator Norman Rockwell specialized in finely drawn, richly anecdotal scenes _____.(A) of everyday small-town lift(B) of which everyday life in a small town(C) were in a small town every day(D) small-town life every day20. _____ depends on the density of both the object and the water.(A) An object floats whether or not(B) Whether or not an object floats(C) Floating an object whether or not(D) Whether or not a floating object21. Sturgeons are prized for their blackish roe, _____ when salted and served as an appetizer is called caviar.(A) which (B) such (C) therefore (D) while22. In Navajo society, not only _____ for food and for woo, but also as a means of payment or exchange.(A) sheep were valuable (B) to value the sheep (C) the sheep's value (D) were sheep valued23. John began to learn French last month. _______.(A) His sister did so (B) So did his sister (C) So his sister did (D) His sister so did24. The bridge ______ this photo was taken was built last year.(A) which (B) how (C) who (D) where25. Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. This means today’s work _____ today.(A) must be done (B) must do (C) must to do (D) must to be done26.--- Hello! May I speak to Mr. Smith, please?---_________(A) See you! (B) I agree with you. (C) Hold on, please. (D) I’d love to.27. Catherine felt uncomfortable a speech before the public and she thought she'd ask the others for help.(A) make (B) made (C) making (D) having made28. Tina ________like dogs very much, but one attacked her two years ago so she doesn't like them anymore.(A) ought to (B) used to (C) must (D) would29. It ______at yesterday's meeting to raise salaries _______ 10% in the next two years.(A) was decided; by (B) has decided; with (C) announced; until (D) has announced; at30. --I don't feel like going to the party this evening.-- . What about watching the tennis game on the computer?(A) So do I (B) Nor I do (C) And I do (D) Neither do I31. --Is that the time? I didn't realise it was so late. I really must be going. ---_________________--I'm afraid so, I've got to start work early tomorrow.(A) Didn't you have a wonderful time?(B) Do you have to leave so early?(C) Can we see each other again soon?(D) Will you please stay longer?32. --Could you tell me the times of trains to Cambridge?--Yes, they leave on the hour.________________--Oh, I have to wait for half an hour!(A) If you hurry you might just get it on time.(B) The next train will arrive in two minutes.(C) You have no time to catch the next train.(D) And the next one goes at 5 o'clock.33. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.(A) However (B) Whatever (C) Whichever (D) Whoever34. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.(A) where (B) in which (C) At (D) for them35. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .(A) that the little girl asks him(B) the little girl asks him to(C) for the little girl to ask him(D) what the little girl asks him36. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.(A) when (B) that (C) what (D) which37. He is better than _______ I last visited him.(A) when (B) that (C) how (D) whichSTOPIF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.Reading ComprehensionDirectionsIn this section of the test, you will read six texts and answer 30 questions. Choose the correct answer to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.Before you start, read the sample text and the sample questions below.Sample TextThe Golden Gate Bridge is a famous bridge in San Francisco. The bridge has a red color, but gray clouds often surround it. On clear days people come to take pictures of the bridge. The pictures show the green hills next to the bridge and the blue water under it.Sample Question 1What is this text mostly about?(A)Gray clouds(B) San Francisco(C) A famous bridge(D) Taking photographsThe correct answer is (C), “A famous bridge.”Sample Question 2What color is the Golden Gate Bridge?(A)Red(B) Green(C) Blue(D) GrayThe correct answer is (A), “Red.”Go on to the next page, and the test will begin with question number one.In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.1.The sixteenth century was an age of great _exploration.(A) cosmic(B) land(C) mental(D) common man(E) none of the above2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.(A) entanglement(B) discussion (C) negotiation(D) problems(E) none of the above3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a ___ direction.(A) north and south(B) crosswise(C) easterly(D) south east(E) north and west4. One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.(A) coastline(B) mountain range(C) physical features(D) islands(E) none of the above5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern __.(A) coast(B) inland(C) body of land with water on three sides(D) border(E) answer not available6. The passage was found near 50 degrees of ___.(A) Greenwich(B) The equator(C) Spain(D) Portugal(E) MadridThe longer food is kept, the more likely it is to attract insects. Even foods stored in containers often attract bugs. To solve this problem, scientists have been working with different odors in an attempt to find one strong enough to keep insects from going near food. One possibility would be to use plants with strong smells, like garlic or pine, to keep insects away. Unfortunately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too!A more promising repellent is citronella oil, which comes from a type of lemongrass. An experiment was done using this oil with a certain insect, the red flour beetle. Scientists sprayed cardboard boxes with citronella oil and noticed that the beetles did not enter those boxes. They were much more interested in boxes that were not sprayed.One problem with using citronella oil as a repellent, however, is that it is quite ephemeral — it simply does not last very long. After a few months it loses its smell, and bugs no longer find it unpleasant. Scientists hope to improve citronella oil so that its scent remains strong for a longer time. It will also be necessary to make sure that the oil is not harmful to people, as scientists are still not sure whether it is safe to use around food.7. What is the passage mainly about?(A) Oils used in cooking(B) Ways of protecting food(C) The behavior of a kind of beetle(D) Smells produced by different grasses8. The word one refers to .(A) an odor(B) an insect(C) a scientist(D) a container9. What does the author imply about the odors of garlic and pine?(A) They last for a long time.(B) They are not always very strong.(C) They can be unpleasant to people.(D) They attract certain species of beetles.10. What are repellents?(A) A food source for beetles(B) Machines used to get oil from plants(C) Substances used to keep insects away (D) Chemicals used to speed up plant growth11. Which substance is NOT mentioned as being unpleasant to insects?(A) Pine(B) Flour(C) Garlic(D) Citronella oil12. What does the author say about the sprayed boxes?(A) Beetles avoided them.(B) They were very heavy.(C) They did not contain much food.(D) Many insects were trapped in them.13.The word ephemeral is closest in meaning to .(A) weightless(B) short-lived(C) overpriced(D) not distinguishable14. What are scientists hoping to do in the future?(A) Breed larger beetles(B) Produce better-tasting foods(C) Grow lemongrass in greater quantities(D) Make the odor of citronella oil last longer15. The word scent is closest in meaning to .(A) smell(B) flavor(C) nature(D) standard16. What do scientists still not know about citronella oil?(A) What chemicals it contains(B) Where it comes from(C) Why beetles like it(D) How safe it isWhen another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside. Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.17. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) Wild Animals in Art(B) Hidden Prehistoric Paintings(C) Exploring Caves Respectfully(D) Determining the Age of French Caves18. The words pays heed to are closest in meaning to .(A) discovers(B) watches(C) notices(D) buys19. Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of France?(A) It is home to rare animals.(B) It has a large number of caves.(C) It is known for horse-racing events.(D) It has attracted many famous artists. 20. According to the passage, which animals appear most often on the cave walls?(A) Birds(B) Bison(C) Horses(D) Wild cats21. The word depict is closest in meaning to .(A) show(B) hunt(C) count(D) draw22. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task?(A) It was completely dark inside.(B) The caves were full of wild animals.(C) Painting materials were hard to find.(D) Many painting spaces were difficult to reach.23. The word They refers to .(A) walls(B) artists(C) animals(D) materials24. According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings EXCEPT .(A) temperature changes(B) air movement(C) water(D) light25. What does the passage say happened at the Lascaux caves in 1963 ?(A) Visitors were prohibited from entering.(B) A new lighting system was installed.(C) Another part was discovered.(D) A new entrance was created.Well-known in many countries, tug-of-war is a sports event with easy rules and a lot of action. On a grassy field, two teams pull on opposite ends of a rope. The team that can pull the other team to its side of the field triumphs. Many places have local tug-of-war clubs that compete against each other. An international organization sets the rules of the competition.If one tug-of-war team weighs much more than the other team, then it is easier for the heavier team to win. To keep contests fair, all eight pullers on a team must be weighed. Only teams with similar weights compete against each other.The thrill of tug-of-war has been known for a very long time. In fact, it is one of the world’s oldest events, going back many centuries. Tug-of-war existed in many places in ancient times, including Greece, Egypt, and Korea. At one point it was even included in the Olympic Games. It was introduced into the Olympics in 1900, just four years after the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Greece. It was a part of the Olympics until 1920, when the rope was pulled for the final time as an official Olympic event.26. What is the best title for this passage?(A) Games of Strength and Speed(B) A Simple But Exciting Contest(C) Changing the Rules of a Fun Game(D) The Oldest Sports at the Olympic Games27. The word triumphs is closest in meaning to .(A) wins(B) arrives(C) relaxes(D) gets tired28. What is done before a contest begins?(A) The rope is pulled.(B) The field is measured.(C) The teams are counted.(D) The pullers are weighed 29. What does the author say about tug-of- war regarding the history of the game?(A) It was played in ancient times.(B) It was invented in Greece.(C) Its rules were written down in 1900.(D) It was a part of the first modern Olympic Games.30. What was the last year that tug-of-war was included in the Olympics?(A) 1896(B) 1900(C) 1904(D) 1920。
雅思入学测试试卷（真题版）
IELTS Entry Test Paper启德雅思部雅思入学测试试卷雅思入学测试考试日期： 6 考生姓名：6ListeningSECTION 1Questions1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.NOTES - Christmas DinnerExample AnswerName to book for ...45...........................Date of dinner: 21 DecemberChoices for venue:·First choice 1........................... Tel. number: not known·Second choice 2........................... Tel. number: 777192·Third choice 3........................... Tel. number: 4........................Price per person: ￡12Restaurant must have vegetarian food and a 5...........................Menu: First course - French Onion Soup OR Fruit JuiceMain course - Roast Dinner OR 6...........................Dessert - Plum Pudding OR Apple Pie- CoffeeRestaurant requires from us:7........................... and letter of confirmationand we must 8........................... in advance.Must confirm in writing by: 9...........................Put notice in 10................................................SECTION2Questions11-20Questions 11-13Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.MEMBERSHIP OF SPORTS CENTRECost 11 £.........................per12......................Where? 13..........................When? 2 to 6 pm, Monday to ThursdayBring: Union cardPhotoFeeQuestions 14-16Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Always bring sports 14...............................when you come to 15...................or use the Centre'sfacilities.Opening hours 9 am to 10 pm on 16......................10 am to 6 pm on Saturdays50% 'morning discount' 9 am to 12 noon on weekdaysQuestions 17-20Look at the map of the Sports Complex below.Label the buildings on the map of the Sports Complex.Choose your answers from the box below and write them against Questions 17-20.Arts StudioFootball PitchTennis CourtsDance StudioFitness RoomReceptionSquash CourtsSECTION3Questions21-30Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.YOUNG ELECTRONICENGINEER COMPETITION Name(s) of designer(s): John Brown21 ...........................Age: 22...........................Name of design: 23................................................................................Dimensions of equipment: 24Width Length Depth...........................cm ...........................cm ...........................cmPower: BatterySpecial features: 25...................................................................................26...................................................................................27...................................................................................Cost: parts $528....................... $9.50Other comments: need help to make 29...........................would like to develop range of sizesSend by: 30...........................SECTION4Questions31-40Questions 31-33Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer."NEW" MEAT CAN BE COMPARED TO PROBLEM kangaroo 31........................... 32...........................crocodile chicken fattyostrich 33...........................Questions 34-36Complete the cable belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letters A-C.37 Ostrich meatA has more protein than beef.B tastes nearly as good as beef.C is very filling.38 One problem with ostrich farming in Britain isA the climate.B the cost of transporting birds.C the price of ostrich eggs.39 Ostrich chicks reared on farmsA must be kept in incubators until mature.B are very independent.C need looking after carefully.40 The speaker suggests ostrich farms are profitable becauseA little initial outlay is required.B farmed birds are very productive.C there is a good market for the meat.ReadingREADING PASSAGE1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-12 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRARHYThe Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946, after 140 years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the twentieth century focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies. Through its collections, the Department's specific interest is to document how objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include both the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.The collections of the Department of Ethnography include approximately 300,000 artefacts, of which about half are the product of the present century. The Department has a vital role to play in pro- viding information on non-Western cultures to visitors and scholars. To this end, the collecting emphasis has often been less on individual objects than on groups of mate- rang of a society's cultural expressions. Much of the more recent collecting was carried out in the field, sometimes by Museum staff working on general anthropological projects in collaboration with a wide variety of national governments and other institutions. The material collected includes great technical series-for instance, of textiles from Bolivia. Guatemala, Indonesia and areas of West Africa-or of artefact types such as boats. The latter include working examples of coracles from India, reed boats from lake Titicaca in the Andes, kayaks from the Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several countries. The field assemblages, such as those from the Sudan, Madagascar and Yemen, include a whole range of material culture representative of one people. The might cover the necessities of life of an African herdsman or on Arabian farmer, ritual objects, or even on occasion airport art, Again, a series of acquisitions might represent a decade's fieldwork documenting social experience as expressed in the varieties of clothing and jewellery styles, tents and camel trappings from various Middle Eastern countries, or in the developing preferences in personal adornment and dress from Papua New Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony and of material forms for which the Department already possesses early (if not the earliest) collections formed after the first contact with Europeans.The importance of these acquisitions extends beyond the objects themselves. They come to the Museum with documentation of the social context, ideally inc luding photographic records. Such acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most significantly they document for future change. Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absence of advanced technology. in fact. traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenu iry Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.With the independence of much of Asia and Africa after 1945. it was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt that the Museum should acquire materials representing people whose art or material culture, ritual or political structures were on the point of irrevocable change. This attitude altered with the realisation that marginal communities can survive and adopt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy. Since the seventeenth century, with the advent of trading companies exporting manufactured textiles to North America and Asia, the importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills and indigenous markets. On the one hand modem imported goods may be used in on everyday setting, while on the other hand. other traditional objects may still be required for ritually significant events. Within this context trade and exchange attitudes are inverted. What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prizedobjects in other cultures- when trans- formed by local ingenuity-principally for aesthetic value. in the same way, the West imports goods form other peoples and in certain circumstances categorises the m as ‘art'.Collections act as an ever-expanding database, not merely for scholars and anthropologists, but for people involved in a whole range of educational and art is tic purposes. These include schools and universities as well as colleges of art and design. The provision of information about non-Western aesthetics and techniques, not just for designers and artists but for all visitors, is a growing responsibility for a Department whose own context is an increasingly multicultural European society.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passageExample AnswerThe Department of Ethnography FALSEreplaced the Department of Antiquitiesat the British Museum.1 The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.2 The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.3 The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.4 The textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.5 Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.6 Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.Questions 7-12Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (Questions 7-12).The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collection types.Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading Passage 1.Write the appropriate letters in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any collection type more than once.Collection TypesAT A rtefact T ypesEC E volution of C eremonyFA F ield A ssemblagesSE S ocial E xperienceTS T echnical S eriesExample AnswerBoats AT7 Bolivian textiles8 Indian coracles9 airport art10 Arctic kayaks11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer12 tents from the Middle EastREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 13-15Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B and D from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers i-vii in boxes 13-15 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Amazonia as unable to sustain complexsocietiesii The role of recent technology in ecologicalresearch in Amazoniaiii The hostility of the indigenous populationto North American influencesiv Recent evidencev Early research among the Indian Amazonsvi The influence of prehistoric inhabitants onAmazonian natural historyvii The great difficulty of changing localattitudes and practices13 Section A14 Section BExample AnswerSection C iv15 Section DSecrets of the ForestA In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable,a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approac h that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit forlarge-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.Questions 16-21Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 16-21 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerThe prehistoric inhaditants of NOAmazonia were relatively backward intechnological terms.16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to support a more complex society.17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement.20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.Questions 22-25Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.22 In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the SirionoA were unusually aggressive and cruel.B had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.C were an extremely primitive society.D had only recently made permanent settlements.23 The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in AmazoniaA are evidence of early indigenous communities.B are the remains of settlements by invaders.C are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions.D show the region has only relatively recently been covered by forest.24 The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forcesA has often been questioned by ecologists in the past.B has been shown to be incorrect by recent research.C was made by Peter Feinsinger and other ecologists.D has led to some fruitful discoveries.25 The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past wouldA warn us against allowing any development at all.B cause further suffering to the Indian communities.C change present policies on development in the region.D reduce the amount of hunting, fishing, and 'slash-and-burn'.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.HIGHS & LOWSHormone levels - and hence our moods - may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sun- shine appears to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue- green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are of ten arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings' moods and performance.It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt that 'crimes against the person' rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relation- ship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak around 27-30~C. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more Often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Re- searchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5~C with others in water at 20~C (about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water - before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks.Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less secptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature- controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. Alink between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behaviour and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behaviour of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February/ March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. These changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.In the laboratory, hamsters put on more weight when the nights are getting shorter and their melatonin levels are falling. On the other hand, if they are given injections of melatonin, they will stop eating altogether. It seems that time cues provided by the changing lengths of day and night trigger changes in animals' behaviour - changes that are needed to cope with the cycle of the seasons. People's moods too, have been shown to react to the length of the day- light hours. Sceptics might say that longer exposure to sunshine puts people in a better mood because they associate it with the happy feelings of holidays and freedom from responsibility, However, the belief that rain and murky weather make people more unhappy is borne out by a study in Belgium, which showed that a telephone counselling service gets more telephone calls from people with suicidal feelings when it rains.When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some people complain of the air being 'heavy' and of feeling irritable, moody and on edge. They may be reacting to the fact that the air can become slightly positively c harged when large thunderclouds are generating the intense electrical fields that cause lightning flashes. The positive charge increases the levels of serotonin (a chemical involved in sending signals in the nervous system). High levels of serotonin in certain areas of the nervous system make people more active and reactive and, possibly, more aggressive. When certain winds are blowing, such as the Mistral in southern France and the Fshn in southern Germany, mood can be affected - and the number of traffic accidents rises. It may be significant that the concentration of positively charged particles is greater than normal in these winds. In the United Kingdom, 400,000 ionizers are sold every year. These small machines raise the number of negative ions in the air in a room. Many people claim they feel better in negatively charged air.Questions 26-28Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 26-28 on your answer sheet.26 Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?A They were less able to concentrate.B Their body temperature fell too quickly.C Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.D They were used to swimming pool conditions.27 The number of daylight hoursA affects the performance of workers in restaurants.B influences animal feeding habits.C makes animals like hamsters more active.D prepares humans for having greater leisure time.28 Human irritability may be influenced byA how nervous and aggressive people are.B reaction to certain weather phenomena.C the number of ions being generated by machines.D the attitude of people to thunderstorms.Questions 29-34Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage29 Seasonal Affective Disorder is disrupting children's education in Russia.30 Serotonin is an essential cause of human aggression.31 Scientific evidence links 'happy associations with weather' to human mood.32 A link between depression and the time of year has been established.33 Melatonin levels increase at certain times of the year.34 Positively charged ions can influence eating habits.Questions 35-37According to the text which THREE of the following conditions have been scientifically proved to have a psychological effect on humans?Choose THREE letters A-G and write them in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet,A lack of negative ionsB rainy weatherC food consumptionD high serotonin levelsE sunny weatherF freedom from worryG lack of counselling facilitiesQuestions 38-40Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 It has been established that social tension increases significantly in the United States I during ...39 Research has shown that a hamster's bodyweight increases according to its exposure to...40 Animals cope with changing weather and food availability because they are influenced by...A daylightB hot weatherC melatoninD moderate temperaturesE poor co-ordinationF time cuesG impaired performanceWritingWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words._________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________。
托福入学测试
TOEFL ibt 测试卷R测试时间：测评教师：学生姓名：测评地点：学员成绩：/120Time: 60 minutesScore: READING SECTION DIRECTIONSThe reading section measures your ability to read and understand passages in English. For most questions, you will choose the one best answer of four possible answers. You have 20 minutes to read the passage and answer all of the questions.Reading 1 “Layers of Social Class”Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, lower middle, and lower class. Each class is defined by characteristics such as income, occupational prestige, and educational attainment. The different groups are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top and those with the least at the bottom.In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. They exercise enormous control throughout society. Most of their wealth is inherited.→Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the “Forbes 400”– the four hundred wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, more than half is inherited. Those on the list who could be called “self-made”were not typically of modest origins; most inherited significant assets (Forbes, 1997; Sklar and Collins, 1997). Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into “old rich” circles.→The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earningscan be quite high indeed-successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle class. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as “middle class”because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is simply beyond the means of a majority of people in the United States.→The middle class is hard to define; in part, being “middle class” is more than just economic position. By far the majority of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle because, in general, people ten not to want to recognize class distinctions in the United States. Thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have tenuous hold on this class position.In the hierarchy of social class, the lower middle class include workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Examples are blue-collar workers (those in skilled trades who do manual labor) and many service workers, such as secretaries, hairdressers, waitresses, police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term “lower” in this class designation refers to the relative position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people, especially to people who are members of this class.→The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs. [A] Forty percent of the poor work; 10 percent work year-roundAnd full time –a proportion that has generally increased over time. Recently, the concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class. [B] The underclass includes those who have been left behind by contemporary economic developments.[C] Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities. [D]1. The word those in the passage refers to BA)characteristicsB)groupsC)classesD)continuum2. The word enormous in the passage is closest in meaning to AA) very largeB) very newC)very earlyD)very good3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlightedstatement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information. AA)Although it is not generally accepted, your family provides the bestprediction of your future wealth.B)You can achieve great future wealth in spite of the family in which you mayhave been born.C)It is not true that your family will restrict the acquisition of your futurewealth and level of social status.D)Social myths are contrary to the facts about the future wealth and socialstatus of your family.4.Why does the author mention the “Forbes 400” in paragraph 3? BA)To explain the meaning of the listing that appears every yearB)To support the statement that most wealthy people inherit their moneyC)To cast doubt on the claim that family income predicts individual wealthD)To give examples of successful people who have modest family connectionsParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]5.In paragraph 4, the author states that business and professional people witheducational advantages are most often members of the BA)lower middle classB)upper middle classC)nouveau richeD)upper classParagraph 4 is marked with an arrow [→]6.The word primarily in the passage is closest in meaning to AA)mostlyB)somewhatC)finallyD)always7.The word contemporary in the passage is closest in meaning to BA)unexpectedB)modernC)strategicD)reliable8.According to paragraph 5, why do most people identify themselves as middleclass in the United States? DA)They have about the same lifestyle as everyone else in the country.B)They prefer not to admit that there are class distinctions in the United States.C)They don’t really know how to define their status because it is unclear.D)They identify themselves with the majority who have normal lifestyles.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]9. What can be inferred about poor people in the United States? BA) They are not able to find entry-level jobsB) They work in jobs that require little education.C) They are service workers and manual laborers.D) They do not try to find employment.10. According to paragraph 7,why has the underclass emerged? BA) The new term was necessary because the lower class enjoyed a higherlifestyle than it had previously.B) The increase in crime has supported a new class of people who live byengaging in illegal activities.C) Changes in the economy have caused an entire class of people to survive bywelfare or crime.D) Minimum-wage jobs no longer support a class of people at a standard levelin the economic system.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]11. All of the following are indicators of prestige in the United States EXCEPT DA) the level of education that a person has achievedB) the amount of money that an individual has acquiredC) the type of employment that someone pursuesD) the hard work that a person does on a consistent basis12. Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could beinserted in the passage.The working poor constitute a large portion of those who are poor.Where could the sentence best be added? AClick on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.13.Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage.This question is worth 2 points.The levels of education, the acquisition of wealth, and occupational prestige determine social status in the United States.●●●Answer Choices[A] People who have made their money more recently tend not to be accepted bythose who have inherited their wealth from family holdings.[B] The lower class includes working people with low incomes and a new underclassof people who are dependent on welfare or engage in crime.[C] The upper class tends to acquire wealth through inheritance, whereas the uppermiddle class has a high income that they earn in their professions.[D] Although the lifestyle of the upper middle class is the goal for the majority, it isdifficult for many people to maintain this standard of living.[E] Most people identify themselves as middle class, including blue-collar workersand service workers as well as bureaucratic employees.[F] It is still possible to move from one social class to another in the United States byworking your way up the ladder in a corporate environment.cafReading 2 “THE ART OF THEATRE”The means by which an art form presents its message is referred to as the medium. Thus, sound produced by instruments or human voices is the medium of music. Paint on canvas or paper is the medium of painting. For literature, the medium is written language. For theatre, it is a story performed by actors on a stage.Drama is sometimes seen as a branch of literature because plays, like literature, are often printed in book form. However, there is an important difference between the two forms. Unlike a novel, a play is written to be performed, and the script of a play is not a finished work; it is an outline for a performance. The physical production of the play—the scenery, lighting, and costumes—will affect the performance, and so will the actors. How the actors interpret their roles greatly influences the play’s effect on the audience.The basic encounter in theatre is between the performers and the audience. This is a special type of encounter because the performers are playing other people, characters. Moreover, the characters are part of a human story that has been written by a dramatist. This combination of elements distinguishes theatre from other art forms.Theatre has several other distinctive characteristics. First, the subject matter of theatre is always human beings. Second, theatre is universal—there is an impulse toward creating theatre in all societies. Third, theatre is transitory in nature—a play is an event that occurs through time. Finally, theatre is set apart by its basic elements: audience, performers, director, dramatist, purpose, viewpoint, and setting.Human beings and human concerns are always the subject matter of drama, even when the performers play animals, object, or abstract ideas. In the medieval playEveryman, some of the roles are abstract ideas such as Beauty, Knowledge, and Strength. The central character is Everyman, a human character, and the subject is death arriving before we want it to come—a theme that is universal to humans. The focus of drama is on human beings, even though different human concerns have been emphasized in different plays.In view of the human—centered quality of theatre, it is not surprising that the impulse toward theatre is universal. The urge to create drama has existed wherever human society has developed: in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. In every culture recorded in history or studied by anthropologists, we find rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations that include elements of theatre. At various times, these ceremonies and stories developed into a separate realm of theatre. In Greece, a fully developed theatre emerged almost 2,500 years ago. In India, theatre became well-established around 2,000 years ago. Wherever theatre has become a separate art form, it has had certain essential qualities: a story—the play—is presented by one group—the performers—to another group—the audience.One special quality of a theatre performance is its immediacy. In the theatre, we live in the perpetual present tense. Theatre is a transitory art. A performance changes from moment to moment, and each moment is a direct, immediate adventure for the audience. The transitory nature of theatre is a quality it shares with music and dance, and sets it apart from literature and the visual arts. A novel or a painting is a fixed object; it exists as a finished product. The performing art, on the other hand, are not objects but events. Theatre occurs through time; it is an experience created by a series of sights, sounds, and impressions.14. How does the art of theatre convey its message? CA) An instrument or voice produces sound.B) A camera converts light to images on film.C)People perform a story for another group.D)A person writes a story for others to read.15. The author discusses literature in paragraph 2 in order to illustrate what point?BA)Literature and drama are both written forms of communication.B)Reading a novel and attending a play are different experiences.C）Both novelists and dramatists use an outline to organize ideas.D) Many actors prefer roles from classic works of literature.16.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. AA) A play’s scenery, lighting, and costumes contribute to the message of the play.B)Theatre is the only art form that mixes more than one medium in a singlework of art.C) A successful dramatist knows how to blend purpose, viewpoint, and themeinto a unique performance.D)Theatre is a distinct art form by the way it joins characters and audience in thetelling of a story.17.Why does the author mention Everyman in paragraph 5?BA)To show that definition of theatre has evolved over timeB)To give an example of a play in which abstract ideas are charactersC)To compare the importance of beauty, knowledge, and strengthD)To illustrate the universal human desire to create theatre18.The word theme in paragraph 5 refers to BA)performers playing animals, objects, or ideasB)death arriving before we want it to comeC)beauty, knowledge, and strengthD)Everyman as a central character19.The word urge in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toCA)moneyB)educationC)motivationD)patience20.The word realm in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toAA)formB)ritualC)scienceD)tool21.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the development of theatre?CA)In every human society, theatre appeared before other forms of art.B)Theatre could not have developed without the support of political leaders.C)People created theatre as a way to promote peace between rival groups.D)Theatre emerged as a distinct art form at different times around the world.22.The word transitory in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning toDA)temporaryB)beautifulC)surprisingD)expressive23.How is theatre similar to the other performing arts?CA)It is based on works of literature.B)It exits as a finished product.C)It is an event that occurs through time.D)It is presented the same way every time.24.According to the passage, all of the following are true of theatre EXCEPTBA)The impulse toward theatre is universal.B)The medium of theatre is written language.C)Theatre is a distinct form of art.D)The focus of theatre is always human.25.Look at the four squares, [A] [B] [C] and [D], which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Thus, theatre is a shared event, an experience that includes both those who perform and who observe.In view of the human—centered quality of theatre, it is not surprising that the impulse toward theatre is universal. [A] The urge to create drama has existed wherever human society has developed: in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. In every culture recorded in history or studied by anthropologists, we find rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations that include elements of theatre. [B] At various times, these ceremonies and stories developed into a separate realm of theatre. In Greece, a fully developed theatre emerged almost 2,500 years ago. In India, theatre became well-established around 2,000 years ago. [C] Wherever theatre has become a separate art form, it has had certain essential qualities: a story—the play—is presented by one group—the performers—to another group—the audience. [D]D26.An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in this passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.Several qualities distinguish theatre from other forms of art.● A● C● EAnswer ChoicesA)Theatre is a form of literature because we can read plays in books.B)Theatre requires a human story, performers, and an audience.C)An actor must change his voice to play certain characters.D)The tendency toward creating theatre occurs in all human societies.E)Theatre developed as a separate art very early in Greece and India.F)Each theatre performance is an immediate yet transitory experience.Time: 60 minutesScore:LISTENING SECTION DIRECTIONSThe listening section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear two conversations and one lecture, each only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will hear some questions about it. Answer all the questions based on what the speakers state or imply.You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions. You have approximately 15 minutes to complete this section. Please don’t look at the questions until the conversation or lecture is over.Listening 1 “Professor’s office”1. Why does the man go to see his professor?A) To take a makeup test for a class that he missedB) To explain why he has been absent from classC) To turn in an extra credit project to the professorD) To ask the professor how to bring up his gradeC)Why did Ernie get a low grade on the last test?a)He does not understand the material.b)He is not a very good student.c)He did not have time to finish it.d)He was in a hurry to leave the class.D)What do we know about the test?a)There were 100questions on it.b)It was worth 25 percent of the final grade.c)The test was an extra credit assignment.d)The questions were very difficult.E)Why does the professor say this:a)Because she doesn’t understand what the man wants her to dob)Because she has finished the discussion about the man’s problemc)Because she wants the man to be more specific about his pland)Because she does not want to do what the man suggestsF)What can be inferred about the professor?a)She tries to be fair to all of her students.b)She is not very flexible about her policies.c)She does not have very many students.d)She is not sure what she wants to do.Listening 2 “Anthropology Class”G)Which of the following is the main topic of the lecture?a) A progressive view of agricultureb)The conditions for the development of agriculturec) A comparison of hunter-gatherers and farmersd)The negative effects of agriculture on early farmersH)What are two key characteristics of hunter-gatherers mentioned in the lecture?a)They were taller than farmers.b)They ate less well than farmersc)They lived longer than farmers.d)They were less physically fit than farmers.I)Why does the professor say this:a)To emphasize the point that he has just madeb)To indicate that another point will be madec)To demonstrate that the point is his opiniond)To regain the student’s attention for the next pointJ)How does the professor organize his lecture?a)He contrasts older theories of agriculture with newer ones.b)He makes an argument for the revisionist view of agriculture.c)He defines revisionism by giving examples of early farmers.d)He provides a chronological account of early farmers.10. Which of the following statements best summarizes the position of therevisionists?A) The agricultural revolution affected all human activity.B) The development of agriculture had a positive influence on nutrition.C) Agriculture contributed to the health risks for early farmers.D) Agriculture people had to move from place to place to plant crops.11. In the lecture, the professor describes the relationship between health andagriculture. Indicate whether each of the following is true or false. Click in the correct box for each phrase.YES NOA Epidemics were spread by crowded towns and trade.B Crop failures threatened the entire population.C Wars with invading hunter-gatherers devastated them.D Unbalanced diets contributed to malnutrition.E Hard labor damaged their bones.Listening 3 “Business Class”12.What is the lecture mainly about?A)Commercials on televisionB)Marketing brand-name productsC)A book by Rob FrankelD)Selling Aunt Ruby’s chicken13.Why does the professor say this :A)To emphasize the importance of commercialsB)To correct something that he said earlierC)To identify the time limits for most commercialsD)To relate new information to a previous example14. According to the professor, why do consumers develop brand loyalty?A) They have a relationship with the personality that the product projects.B) They are able to recognize the brand easily when they see it.C) They tend to make decisions based on recommendations by friendsD) They find a product that they like and continue to buy it.15. How does the professor emphasize his point about branding?A) He uses Aunt Ruby’s chicken as an example.B) He defines it by contrasting it with related concepts.C) He refers to a book that he has written.D) He shows a familiar commercial in class.16. Why does the professor mention laundry detergent?A) To give an example of price warsB) To show that consumers buy different brandsC) To name an industry that introduces new brandsD) To explain the concept of brand loyalty17. According to the professor, what would be a good way to sell a product?A) Design a good logo to present the product to the publicB) Hire a celebrity that customers like and relate toC) Make it easy for consumers to recognize the packagingD) Increase the customer service for the productListening 4 “Students on Campus”18. What is the purpose of this conversation?A)The man wants to borrow the woman’s lab notes.B)The woman is helping the man to write a report.C)The man asks the woman to study for their test with him.D)The woman and the man are performing an experiment.19. What is the study about?A) Reaction times for drivers drinking alcohol in comparison with those ofnondrinkersB) The effects of drinking beer as compared with those of drinking gin and tonic.C) The time that it takes to stop a car going 35 miles per hour when the brakes areapplied.D) The problems of riding bicycles on college campuses that have 35mile-per-hour speed limits.20. According to the man, why is it important to mention that the subjects wererandomly selected ?A)The random selection explains why the results were so general.B)This information allows another researcher to repeat the experiment.C)The lab assistant included it in the example that the students received.D)Randomly selected subjects assure researchers of an accurate outcome.21. Why does the woman say this:A)She is not sure about her observation.B)She is insulting the man with this comment.C)She is certain the man agrees with her.D)She is asking for the man’s opinion.22. Which section includes the conclusions?A)DiscussionB)ResultsC)ChartD)IntroductionListening 5 “Biology Class”23. What aspect of blood does the professor mainly discuss?A)An explanation of stem cellsB) A process for blood transfusionC) A method for producing artificial bloodD) A discussion of blood typing24. Why does the student say this:A)She is apologizing for disagreeing with the professor.B)She is interrupting politely to ask a question.C)She is talking to herself during the lecture.D)She is changing the subject of the professor’s talk.25. Why does the professor mention fingerprints?A)To demonstrate that blood types are different for individualsB)To explain how most of the blood tests are performedC)To explain why O blood is considered universalD)To help students remember the different antigens26. In cross matching, how does a compatible match appear under the microscope?A)All of the cells are at an equal distance from each other.B)The arrangement of the cells looks like two parallel lines.C)The cells tend to group together in a large clump.D)The red cells and the plasma separate in an irregular pattern.27. Why does the professor mention artificial blood?A)She is referring to the textbook.B)She is answering a question.C)She is reporting her research.D)She is joking with the students.28. What does the professor imply when she says this :A)She is very uncertain about the risks of the research.B)She is somewhat interested in doing research in this area.C)She is with drawing her support for future research.D)She agrees that research should continue in spite of problems.Listening 6 “Orientation session”29. What is this discussion mainly about?A)Success in collegeB)How to read fasterC)Academic study skillsD)Research on college students30. How does the professor organize the discussion?A)She cites research to support her arguments.B)She gives a demonstration of her theory.C)She debates the issues with her students.D)She shares strategies that she developed.31. Why does the professor mention running?A)To digress from the topic with a personal storyB)To make a comparison between reading and runningC)To show that reading requires physical effortD)To clarify the times two rule32. Why does the professor say this:A)She doesn’t think the point is very important.B)She is trying to finish the lecture on time.C)She thinks the idea will fit in better later on.D)She doesn’t want the student to interrupt her.33. The professor mentions several negative habits. Match these habits to theexplanations. Click on the habit and drag it to the correct explanation.Habit ExplanationPauses that the eye makesReading the same words more than onceMoving your lips while redingA)FixatingB)Auditory readingC)Regressing34. What would the professor probably like the students to do?A)Spend more time studying outside of classB)Use their dictionaries when they are readingC)Take one of her classes at the collegeD)Get help at the Learning Center。
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷(含答案)
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷Choose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1. He is always here; it’s _ ___ you've never met him.A. uniqueB. strangeC. rareD. peculiarC2. We shall probably never be able to ___ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.A. assertB. impartC. ascertainD. notifyC3. Professor Hawking is __ __ as one of the world's greatest living physicists.A. dignifiedB. clarifiedC. acknowledgedD. illustrated4. I must congratulate you _ __ the excellent design of the new bridge.A. withB. atC. onD. of5. She was so _ __ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ___ _ slowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering7. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man ofconsiderable _ ___.A. futureB. possibilityC. abilityD. opportunity8. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t __ __ anything.A. lackB. withdrawC. omitD. leak9. Military orders are __ __ and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative10. Cancer is second only _ ___ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from11. You cannot be __ _ careful when you drive a car.A. veryB. soC. tooD. enough12. __ __ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. But forD. Because13. He is the only person who can __ __ in this case, because the otherwitnesses were killed mysteriously.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify14. I didn’t know the word. I had to __ __ a dictionary.A. make outB. look outC. go overD. refer to15. We can accept your order __ __ payment is made in advance.A. in the belief thatB. in order thatC. on the excuse thatD. on condition that16. We'd like to __ __ a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. retainD. sustain17. What you say now is not ___ _ with what you said last week.A. consistentB. persistentC. permanentD. insistent18. The medicine __ __ his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated19. He is too young to be able to __ __ between right and wrong.A. discardB. discernC. disperseD. disregard20. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms mayresult in __ __ and lack of unity in style.A. conflictB. confrontationC. disturbanceD. disharmony21. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most considerate of all Indians but seemsto be _ ___ the welfare of his animals.A. critical aboutB. indignant atC. indifferent toD. subject to22. It has been revealed that some government leaders ___ their authority andposition to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook23. His argument does not suggest that mankind can __ __ to be wasteful in theutilization of these resources.A. resortB. grantC. affordD. entitle24. Some diseases are __ __ by certain water animals.A. transplantedB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted25. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is__ __.A. firmB. companyC. corporationD. enterpriseIt’s a big country!When it comes to body weight, Americans stand out. Most visitors to the United States, no matter where they go across this vast country, comment on the size of many Americans. In fact, these impressions are backed by numerous statistics. For example, the average 5‘4" American w eighs 162 pounds, or 15 pounds more than the average person of the same height from Western or Central Europe. Another comparison: At 150 pounds, the average 5’4”American woman is 24 pounds heavier than her Japanese counterpart.Why are Americans so heavy？Some blame the American diet. Certainly it’s true that Americans eat more high-fat foods – meat, dairy products, and processed food – and fewer grains and vegetables than people in other countries. But fat isn’t the whole story. Lifestyle factors – including the tendency for Americans to drive rather than walk or ride a bicycle to work, to snack throughout the day, and to have so many labor-saving devices in the home –appear to contribute to the problem.(165 words)26. According to the article, the average Western European weighs ____ ___.A. more than an AmericanB. more than a Central EuropeanC. less than an AmericanD. less than a Japanese person27. In comparison with Americans, people in other countries eat more _ ____.A. meatB. dairy productsC. processed foodD. grainsHeadachesEveryone has experienced headaches, but only recently have medical researchers begun to learn more specifically about the causes and possible treatments for different types of headache pain.The most common type of headache is the simple tension headache. Tension headaches are usually mild and short-lasting and can result from various factors, such as stress caused by worry or noise. Tension headaches are caused by a tightening of the neck or back muscles, which slows the flow of blood and, therefore, oxygen to the brain. It is the lack of oxygen that causes the pain. Most headaches can be relieved by taking a mild analgesic such as aspirin. Analgesics expand the blood vessels and restore the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.A more serious type of headache is the migraine. Migraine headaches are often extremely painful and can last for hours or days. Like tension headaches, they can be the result of different factors, including stress, hormonal changes, andallergies. Unlike tension headaches, however, they are caused by an abnormal expansion or swelling (rather than a contraction) of the blood vessels within the head. Medicines that shrink swollen blood vessels can be used to treat migraine headaches.A tiny minority of headaches can be linked to severe physical problems such as head injury or brain tumors. For these types of headaches, there are medicines to treat the symptoms, but there is no cure unless the underlying problem is removed.(244 words)28. This article discusses the ___ ____.A. tiny minority of people who have headachesB. history of medical research into headachesC. causes and remedies for headachesD. physical problems caused by headaches29. A tension headache can result when ____ ___.A. the neck and back muscles relaxB. people get injured in an accidentC. the flow of blood is restrictedD. too much oxygen goes to the brain30. Medicines for migraines ____ ___.A. relax the head and neckB. generally relieve tensionC. increase the flow of bloodD. cause blood vessels to contract31. Headaches caused by serious physical problems __ _____.A. can’t be treatedB. don’t cause much painC. have no symptomsD. are not very commonPainful PoultryA It’s common practice in the poultry industry to amputate the beaks ofchickens to prevent them pecking each other. Techniques of ‘debeaking’vary, but in the UK it is performed on chicks when they are a few days old, and usually involves amputating one third of the upper part of the beakwith a heated blade. The poultry industry has always assumed thatchickens quickly recover, but evidence presented at the InternationalOrnithological Congress in New Zealand suggests otherwise. Dr. Michael Gentle, of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research inEdinburgh, has shown that chickens can feel chronic pain weeks, andsometimes even months, after the operation.B Chickens have pain receptors in their beak, and so slicing their beaks offwith a hot knife must hurt them. What Dr. Gentle has found is that the pain may be delayed, as is the case with human burn victims. ‘The chickens are not in pain initially, but 24 hours later they show clear pain-relatedbehaviour.’ After the beak is amputated, the remaining stump may taketwo to four weeks to heal. But even then, pain may continue: the damaged nerves still grow, and may be ‘abnormally and spontaneously active’(believed to the cause of stump pain in human amputees). Even twomonths later, the stump is unusually sensitive to touch and temperaturechanges.C Many aspects of a chicken’s behaviour also suggest that it experiences thelong-term pain, and perhaps even the depression, typically felt by human amputees. In the first few weeks after debeaking, a chicken spends more time resting than usual. And even six weeks later, when the stump hashealed over, a chicken avoids using its beak.D The habit of pecking each other doesn’t necessarily start off as aggressivebehaviour – it may simply escalate once one bird is injured, and sometimes be a substitute for pecking at litter – but it can quickly leads to the death of weaker birds.E Is debeaking really the solution, though? A very preliminary survey inScotland, of two commercial laying breeds, found debeaking had noeffect on the extent of feather and comb damage, or on body weights of thenumber of birds that died. A much more effective approach would be toremove the conditions – such as overcrowding and bright light, forexample, that are known to contribute to feather-pecking and cannibalism.Where chickens really have to be kept in such conditions, a more sensible solution than debeaking, says Dr. Gentle, would be to breed strains ofchickens that don’t peck each other.(Angela Turner) Questions 32-36The reading passage is divided into five paragraphs A - E. From the list of headings (i-ix) below, choose the most suitable heading of each paragraph, and write the letter in the space provided.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them32 Paragraph A Ⅲ343536passage.37What has been the industry’s belief in relation to chicks in the debeakingprocess?Chickens quickly recover.38Dr. Gentle twice compares the chickens with humans. Write the two categories of humans.Human burn victimsHuman amputeesQuestions 39-4039According to the passage, one reason for the behaviour of pecking other chickens is ___A. the need to peck at the ground in a natural habitat.B. the need to assert dominance over weaker chickens.C. the natural tendency for aggressive behaviour in chickens.D. the frustration experienced by caged birds.40The author believes that ___A. debeaking is necessary.B. debeaking is sensible in certain conditions.C. debeaking is not the right way to deal with the problem.D. there is a link between debeaking and the number of chicken deaths.。
TOEFL junior 听力自测题-推荐下载
Practice Set 11.What does the teacher want the studentsto do?A.Help a new classmateB.Prepare for gym classC.Welcome a guest speakerD.Return books to the library2.What is the purpose of the talk?A.To explain to students why debating isimportantB.To describe to students the process forthe class debatesC.To discuss ways students can improvetheir classroom debatesD.To find out if students would beinterested in starting a debate team3.What are the teacher and student mainlytalking about?A.Kinds of transportationB.Disadvantages of technologyC.Jobs during the Industrial RevolutionD.Inventions in the United States after theIndustrial Revolution4.According to the teacher, how did peopleusually get around day to day before theZIndustrial Revolution?A.By walkingB.By riding a horseC.By using a bicycleD.By riding in a carriage5.What does the teacher use milking cowsand churning butter as examples of?A.Tasks that required new technologyB.Activities still done on farms todayC.Jobs related to the food industryD.Hard work people used to do6.According to the teacher, why are peoplemore prone to diseases today?A.They eat too much processed food.B.They are exposed to more farms thanpeople were exposed to in the pastC.They engage in little physical activityD.They are unaware of the latest medicaltechnology7.What is the main topic of the talk?A.Newly discovered type of antB.Type of ant with unusual skillsC.An increase in the population of one typeof antD. A type of ant that could he dangerous tohumans8.According to the teacher, what is oneactivity that both leafcutter ants andpeople do?A.Clean their foodB.Grow their own foodC.Eat several times a dayD.Feed their young special food9.What does the teacher say many peoplethink must be true about leafcutter ants?A.They eat leavesB.They live in plantsC.They have sharp teethD.They are especially large10.What did the experiments show aboutleafcutter ants?A.How fast they growB.Which pants they eatC.Where they look for leavesD.How much weight they can carry Practice Set 21.What will the students probably do next?A.Clean up a mess in the laboratoryB.Ask the teacher some questionsC.Present reports about a scienceexperimentD.Put on safety glasses2.What is the purpose of the talk?A.To tell students about the library’s hoursand policiesB.To persuade students to use booksinstead of computersC.To give students information about thelibrary’s research toolsD.To warn students about unreliableinformation on the Internet3.What is the boy’s problem?A.He forgot a phone numberB.His mobile phone is brokenC.He cannot find his mobile phoneD.He left his mobile phone at home4.What does the boy say his teacher makesthe class do?A.Turn off their mobile phonesB.Leave their mobile phones at homeC.Put their mobile phones inside theirdesksD.Keep their mobile phones in theirbackpacks5.What will the boy and girl probably donext?A.Call a friendB.Make some signsC.Phone the boy’s houseD.Write down a list of phone numbers6.What is the main topic of the talk?A.Places where camels look for food in thedesertB.How camels survive in the desertC.New kinds of foods discovered in thedesertD.Why temperatures change quickly in thedesert7.What false belief about camels does thespeaker correct?A.That they run very fastB.That they are found only in hot regionsC.That they can easily find water in thedesertD.That they store water in their humps8.What does the speaker imply about thefood that camels eat?A.It is full of fatB.It dries out quicklyC.It is difficult to findD.It contains a lot of water9.According to the speaker, what is harmfulto most animal’s health?A.Drinking too much waterB.Eating food that is very oldC.Going too long without restD.Spending a lot of time in the sun Practice Set 31.What is probably true about thestudents’ parents?A.They want to place their children inanother classB.They have been asking about thestudents’ gradesC.They have reminded their children toattend a conferenceD.They haven’t scheduled conferences withthe teacher2.What does the teacher want the studentsto do?A.take everything out of their desksB.Put the painting supplies in plastic bagsC.Bring paints with them to school onMondayD.Put covers on their desks to keep thepaint off3.Where is the conversation probablytaking place?A.On a busB.At a restaurantC.In the mountainsD.In a school hallway4.Why is the boy surprised?A.He did not think he could hike farB.He thought it would be a rainy dayC.He did not expect to see the girl todayD.He thought he was going to be late forclass5.What caused plans to change during thetrip to the mountains?A. A student got hurtB.It was snowing in the mountainsC. A path on the mountain was closedD.The students were too tired to climb tothe top6.What does the girl suggest about thefood on the trip?A.It did not taste goodB.There was not enough to eatC.It was prepared before the tripD.The students enjoyed making it7.What are the teacher and student mainlytalking about?A.Learning how to pilot a balloonB.Breaking records in balloon flightsC.Problems related to flying by balloonD.Different kinds of balloons used fortransportation8.What event does the firl mention?A. A ballooning courseB. A ballooning contestC. A museum exhibit about ballooningD. A television program about ballooning9.According to the teacher, what mustpilots do before a balloon flight?A.check weather reportsB.Find out about other air trafficC.Follow instructions from someone on theground D.Choose the right balloon for theconditions10.What can be inferred from theconversation about using balloons fortransportation?A.Balloons will probably be used fortransportation more in the futureB.Balloons are unable to fly far enough tobe useful for transportationC.Balloons are too difficult to control to beused for transportationD.Balloons cost too much money to be usedfor transportation todayPractice Set 41.What is the purpose of theannouncement?A.To remind students about a visit by aguest speakerB.To inform students that lunch will beearly todayC.To inform students about a trip to a localuniversityD.To remind students to keep quiet duringa performance2.What does the teacher say about theplants in the photographs?A.They can be harmfulB.They are used in medicinesC.They are difficult to identifyD.They no longer grow in the area3.What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. A new art project in the cityB.An assignment for their art classC.An art display inside the public libraryD. A painting that the girl say downtown4.Why is the boy excited?A. A famous artist is going to visit his classB.His artwork might be seen by manypeopleC.His class might visit an art museumD.He is getting a good grade in his art class5.Where does the boy say he may go thisweekend?A.To the zooB.To an art storeC.To main streetD.To the public library6.Why does the girl suggest that the boy goto the art room?A.So that he can band in his homeworkB.So that he can sign up for a class tripC.So that he can see a new paintingD.So that he can talk to the teacher7.What is the main topic of the talk?A.Who played folk gamesB.Why folk games disappearedC.How folk games were played in the pastD.When the rules of folk games wereinvented8.What does the speaker imply about therules of folk games?A.They were not written downB.They were hard to rememberC.They have not changed over timeD.They gave rise to rules of modern games9.Why does the speaker mention children’sgames?A.To describe how teams were structuredin folk gamesB.To question whether children took part infolk gamesC.To argue that young players are muchbetter than adultsD.To suggest that watching folk games wasfamily entertainment10.What did authorities in some placesattempt to do?anize international contestsB.In traduce clear rules for some gamesC.Encourage children to practice for gamesD.Prevent people from participating ingamesPractice Set 51.Why does the principal apologize?A.The students will have to use the oldtables and chairs in the new cafeteria B.The students will have to wait beforethey can eat in the new cafeteriaC.The cafeteria will be using the samemenu as last yearD.The students will have a shortenedvacation this year2.What is probably true about the students?A.They are starting to learn about a newtopicB.They are not good at drawing shapesC.They have new pencils and rulersD.They have been studying shapes3.What is the girl’s problem?A.She cannot find her reportB.The library is closed todayC.She is late in handing in an assignmentD.The book she has is damaged4.How does the girl probably feel when shesays’ “Wow! Do you think he’ll let meborrow it?”A.ExcitedB.NervousC.SurprisedD.Uncertain5.What does the boy say about his uncle?A.He is very wealthyB.He is a famous writerC.He used to work in a libraryD.He has many books on architecture6.What will the girl probably do afterschool?A.Study for a test with her friendsB.Go with the boy to meet his uncleC.Go to the library to write her reportD.Ask her teacher for extra time on anassignment7.What is the main topic of the talk?A.The influence of the Roman Empire onbusinessesB.Improvements in electronic mail servicesC.Ways postal services have changed overtimeD.Reasons that most people do not sendpaper documents8.What does the teacher suggest about theearly mail carriers who rode on horses?A.They were highly respected by people atthe timeB.They often took a piece of mail only partof the wayC.They usually traveled with soldiers forprotectionD.They had to pass a physical test to get thejob9.What happened to the Roman mailsystem when the Roman Empire ended?A.It was taken over by a private businessB.The Romans destroyed most of itC.It continued to be used for a period oftimeD.Countries fought to manage it10.What led to the establishment of privatepostal systems during the Renaissance?A.An increase in international businessB.Growing numbers of people who couldread and writeC.Advances in printing technologyD.Changes in land ownership laws 11.What does the teacher imply when hesays, “Of course, with today’s technology, there may soon be no need for any ofthem”?ernments and private postalcompanies will probably use computersmore in the futureB.Modern technology is makinginternational mail delivery more efficient C.Most people prefer to communicate byphone rather than by e-mailD.People will use only computers for long-distance communication in the future.。
TOEFLjunior模拟试题
Language Form and Meaning1. A country’s _______ include all of its minerals, such as coal, gold, and silver.(A) resource (B) financial (C) ability (D) list2 .Whether two people or groups are fighting with words or weapons, we can say they are having a _______.(A) dispute (B) war (C) combat (D) victim3. If some lives in the _______ of your home, you would call that person a neighbor.(A) vicinity (B) remote (C) distant (D) lonely4. If you are always patient, we can say that you _______ lots of patience.(A) acquire (B) erasable (C) eliminable (D) deletable5. Roses _______ greatly in color, size, and shape.(A) fragrant (B) vary (C) aroma (D) thorn6. A _______ is a process that often involves a series of steps.(A) breather (B) half-whisper (C) susurrate (D) procedure7. If you say you have _______ time for an assignment, that means you have enough time to do it.(A) insufficient (B) adequate (C) wanting (D. quiver8. Anything that puts pressure on out emotions, bodies, or minds can be called _______.(A) arrow (B) Stress (C) projectile (D) straight9. Thelma had a _______ with her neighbors over their dogs’ getting into her garbage cans.(A) indignant (B) approximately (C) everywhere (D) resent10. When the Carveys didn’t pay their rent for the third month in a row, the landlord actually came to their door to _____ them.(A) urge (B) console (C) keen (D) scold11. In the 1800s, it must have been very difficult to _______ with people who lived far away. Today we are all lucky to have phones and good mail service.(A) liaison (B) connect (C) beam (D) admonishQuestions 1-2612. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby _____ from freezing.(A) to save the seeds (B) saving the seeds (C) which saves the seeds (D) the seeds saved13. _____ mineral content in the bones of very young children is low compared to that of adults.(A) If the (B) That is (C) The (D) It is the14. _____, the silvery-checked hornbill chooses a hollow tree for a nest and seals herself in until her chicks are grown.(A) Protection for predators against(B) Against protection predators for(C) For protection against predators(D) Predators against protection for15. A floodplain is an extension of a river channel, _____ not inundated except during a flood.(A) where is it (B) but it is (C) or is (D) in case it16. The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., _____ in 1800.(A) after the government center(B) of the government center(C) the center of government(D) then the center of government17. Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman _____ to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.(A) to be elected (B) was elected(C) which she was elected (D) for her to be elected18. _____ of staging a play that help the audience understand its structure and meaning.(A) Specific aspects(B) When specific aspects(C) Specific aspects are(D) There are specific aspects19. Illustrator Norman Rockwell specialized in finely drawn, richly anecdotal scenes _____.(A) of everyday small-town lift(B) of which everyday life in a small town(C) were in a small town every day(D) small-town life every day20. _____ depends on the density of both the object and the water.(A) An object floats whether or not(B) Whether or not an object floats(C) Floating an object whether or not(D) Whether or not a floating object21. Sturgeons are prized for their blackish roe, _____ when salted and served as an appetizer is called caviar.(A) which (B) such (C) therefore (D) while22. In Navajo society, not only _____ for food and for woo, but also as a means of payment or exchange.(A) sheep were valuable (B) to value the sheep (C) the sheep's value (D) were sheep valued23. John began to learn French last month. _______.(A) His sister did so (B) So did his sister (C) So his sister did (D) His sister so did24. The bridge ______ this photo was taken was built last year.(A) which (B) how (C) who (D) where25. Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. This means today’s work _____ today.(A) must be done (B) must do (C) must to do (D) must to be done26.--- Hello! May I speak to Mr. Smith, please?---_________(A) See you! (B) I agree with you. (C) Hold on, please. (D) I’d love to.27. Catherine felt uncomfortable a speech before the public and she thought she'd ask the others for help.(A) make (B) made (C) making (D) having made28. Tina ________like dogs very much, but one attacked her two years ago so she doesn't like them anymore.(A) ought to (B) used to (C) must (D) would29. It ______at yesterday's meeting to raise salaries _______ 10% in the next two years.(A) was decided; by (B) has decided; with (C) announced; until (D) has announced; at30. --I don't feel like going to the party this evening.-- . What about watching the tennis game on the computer?(A) So do I (B) Nor I do (C) And I do (D) Neither do I31. --Is that the time? I didn't realise it was so late. I really must be going. ---_________________--I'm afraid so, I've got to start work early tomorrow.(A) Didn't you have a wonderful time?(B) Do you have to leave so early?(C) Can we see each other again soon?(D) Will you please stay longer?32. --Could you tell me the times of trains to Cambridge?--Yes, they leave on the hour.________________--Oh, I have to wait for half an hour!(A) If you hurry you might just get it on time.(B) The next train will arrive in two minutes.(C) You have no time to catch the next train.(D) And the next one goes at 5 o'clock.33. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.(A) However (B) Whatever (C) Whichever (D) Whoever34. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.(A) where (B) in which (C) At (D) for them35. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .(A) that the little girl asks him(B) the little girl asks him to(C) for the little girl to ask him(D) what the little girl asks him36. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.(A) when (B) that (C) what (D) which37. He is better than _______ I last visited him.(A) when (B) that (C) how (D) whichSTOPIF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.Reading ComprehensionIn the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.1.The sixteenth century was an age of great _exploration.(A) cosmic(B) land(C) mental(D) common man(E) none of the above2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.(A) entanglement(B) discussion(C) negotiation(D) problems (E) none of the above3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a ___ direction.(A) north and south(B) crosswise(C) easterly(D) south east(E) north and west4. One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.(A) coastline(B) mountain range(C) physical features(D) islands(E) none of the above5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern __.(A) coast(B) inland(C) body of land with water on three sides(D) border(E) answer not available6. The passage was found near 50 degrees of ___.(A) Greenwich(B) The equator(C) Spain(D) Portugal(E) MadridThe longer food is kept, the more likely it is to attract insects. Even foods stored in containers often attract bugs. To solve this problem, scientists have been working with different odors in an attempt to find one strong enough to keep insects from going near food. One possibility would be to use plants with strong smells, like garlic or pine, to keep insects away. Unfortunately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too!A more promising repellent is citronella oil, which comes from a type of lemongrass. An experiment was done using this oil with a certain insect, the red flour beetle. Scientists sprayed cardboard boxes with citronella oil and noticed that the beetles did not enter those boxes. They were much more interested in boxes that were not sprayed.One problem with using citronella oil as a repellent, however, is that it is quite ephemeral — it simply does not last very long. After a few months it loses its smell, and bugs no longer find it unpleasant. Scientists hope to improve citronella oil so that its scent remains strong for a longer time. It will also be necessary to make sure that the oil is not harmful to people, as scientists are still not sure whether it is safe to use around food.7. What is the passage mainly about?(A) Oils used in cooking(B) Ways of protecting food(C) The behavior of a kind of beetle(D) Smells produced by different grasses8. The word one refers to .(A) an odor(B) an insect(C) a scientist(D) a container9. What does the author imply about the odors of garlic and pine?(A) They last for a long time.(B) They are not always very strong.(C) They can be unpleasant to people.(D) They attract certain species of beetles.10. What are repellents?(A) A food source for beetles(B) Machines used to get oil from plants(C) Substances used to keep insects away(D) Chemicals used to speed up plant growth 11. Which substance is NOT mentioned as being unpleasant to insects?(A) Pine(B) Flour(C) Garlic(D) Citronella oil12. What does the author say about the sprayed boxes?(A) Beetles avoided them.(B) They were very heavy.(C) They did not contain much food.(D) Many insects were trapped in them.13.The word ephemeral is closest in meaning to .(A) weightless(B) short-lived(C) overpriced(D) not distinguishable14. What are scientists hoping to do in the future?(A) Breed larger beetles(B) Produce better-tasting foods(C) Grow lemongrass in greater quantities(D) Make the odor of citronella oil last longer15. The word scent is closest in meaning to .(A) smell(B) flavor(C) nature(D) standard16. What do scientists still not know about citronella oil?(A) What chemicals it contains(B) Where it comes from(C) Why beetles like it(D) How safe it isWhen another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside. Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.17. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) Wild Animals in Art(B) Hidden Prehistoric Paintings(C) Exploring Caves Respectfully(D) Determining the Age of French Caves18. The words pays heed to are closest in meaning to .(A) discovers(B) watches(C) notices(D) buys19. Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of France?(A) It is home to rare animals.(B) It has a large number of caves.(C) It is known for horse-racing events.(D) It has attracted many famous artists.20. According to the passage, which animals appear most often on the cave walls? (A) Birds(B) Bison(C) Horses(D) Wild cats21. The word depict is closest in meaning to .(A) show(B) hunt(C) count(D) draw22. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task?(A) It was completely dark inside.(B) The caves were full of wild animals.(C) Painting materials were hard to find.(D) Many painting spaces were difficult to reach.23. The word They refers to .(A) walls(B) artists(C) animals(D) materials24. According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings EXCEPT .(A) temperature changes(B) air movement(C) water(D) light25. What does the passage say happened at the Lascaux caves in 1963 ?(A) Visitors were prohibited from entering.(B) A new lighting system was installed.(C) Another part was discovered.(D) A new entrance was created.Well-known in many countries, tug-of-war is a sports event with easy rules and a lot of action. On a grassy field, two teams pull on opposite ends of a rope. The team that can pull the other team to its side of the field triumphs. Many places have local tug-of-war clubs that compete against each other. An international organization sets the rules of the competition.If one tug-of-war team weighs much more than the other team, then it is easier for the heavier team to win. To keep contests fair, all eight pullers on a team must be weighed. Only teams with similar weights compete against each other.The thrill of tug-of-war has been known for a very long time. In fact, it is one of the world’s oldest events, going back many centuries. Tug-of-war existed in many places in ancient times, including Greece, Egypt, and Korea. At one point it was even included in the Olympic Games. It was introduced into the Olympics in 1900, just four years after the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Greece. It was a part of the Olympics until 1920, when the rope was pulled for the final time as an official Olympic event.26. What is the best title for this passage?(A) Games of Strength and Speed(B) A Simple But Exciting Contest(C) Changing the Rules of a Fun Game(D) The Oldest Sports at the Olympic Games27. The word triumphs is closest in meaning to .(A) wins(B) arrives(C) relaxes(D) gets tired28. What is done before a contest begins?(A) The rope is pulled.(B) The field is measured.(C) The teams are counted.(D) The pullers are weighed29. What does the author say about tug-of- war regarding the history of the game?(A) It was played in ancient times.(B) It was invented in Greece.(C) Its rules were written down in 1900.(D) It was a part of the first modern Olympic Games. 30. What was the last year that tug-of-war was included in the Olympics?(A) 1896(B) 1900(C) 1904(D) 192011 / 11。
TOEFL-junior模拟试地的题目
Language Form and Meaning1. A country’s _______ include all of its minerals, such as coal, gold, and silver.(A) resource (B) financial (C) ability (D) list2 .Whether two people or groups are fighting with words or weapons, we can say they are having a _______.(A) dispute (B) war (C) combat (D) victim3. If some lives in the _______ of your home, you would call that person a neighbor.(A) vicinity (B) remote (C) distant (D) lonely4. If you are always patient, we can say that you _______ lots of patience.(A) acquire (B) erasable (C) eliminable (D) deletable5. Roses _______ greatly in color, size, and shape.(A) fragrant (B) vary (C) aroma (D) thorn6. A _______ is a process that often involves a series of steps.(A) breather (B) half-whisper (C) susurrate (D) procedure7. If you say you have _______ time for an assignment, that means you have enough time to do it.(A) insufficient (B) adequate (C) wanting (D. quiver8. Anything that puts pressure on out emotions, bodies, or minds can be called _______.(A) arrow (B) Stress (C) projectile (D) straight9. Thelma had a _______ with her neighbors over their dogs’getting into her garbage cans.(A) indignant (B) approximately (C) everywhere (D) resent10. When the Carveys didn’t pay their rent for the third month in a row, the landlord actually came to their door to _____ them.(A) urge (B) console (C) keen (D) scold11. In the 1800s, it must have been very difficult to _______ with people who lived far away. Today we are all lucky to have phones and good mail service.(A) liaison (B) connect (C) beam (D) admonish Questions 1-2612. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby _____ from freezing.(A) to save the seeds (B) saving the seeds (C) which saves the seeds (D) the seeds saved13. _____ mineral content in the bones of very young children is low compared to that of adults.(A) If the (B) That is (C) The (D) It is the14. _____, the silvery-checked hornbill chooses a hollow tree for a nest and seals herself in until her chicks are grown.(A) Protection for predators against(B) Against protection predators for(C) For protection against predators(D) Predators against protection for15. A floodplain is an extension of a river channel, _____ not inundated except during a flood.(A) where is it (B) but it is (C) or is (D) in case it16. The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., _____ in 1800.(A) after the government center(B) of the government center(C) the center of government(D) then the center of government17. Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman _____ to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.(A) to be elected (B) was elected(C) which she was elected (D) for her to be elected18. _____ of staging a play that help the audience understand its structure and meaning.(A) Specific aspects(B) When specific aspects(C) Specific aspects are(D) There are specific aspects19. Illustrator Norman Rockwell specialized in finely drawn, richly anecdotal scenes _____.(A) of everyday small-town lift(B) of which everyday life in a small town(C) were in a small town every day(D) small-town life every day20. _____ depends on the density of both the object and the water.(A) An object floats whether or not(B) Whether or not an object floats(C) Floating an object whether or not(D) Whether or not a floating object21. Sturgeons are prized for their blackish roe, _____ when salted and served as an appetizer is called caviar.(A) which (B) such (C) therefore (D) while22. In Navajo society, not only _____ for food and for woo, but also as a means of payment or exchange.(A) sheep were valuable (B) to value the sheep (C) the sheep's value (D) were sheep valued23. John began to learn French last month. _______.(A) His sister did so (B) So did his sister (C) So his sister did (D) His sister so did24. The bridge ______ this photo was taken was built last year.(A) which (B) how (C) who (D) where25. Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. This means today’s work _____ today.(A) must be done (B) must do (C) must to do (D) must to be done26.--- Hello! May I speak to Mr. Smith, please?---_________(A) See you! (B) I agree with you. (C) Hold on, please. (D) I’d love to.27. Catherine felt uncomfortable a speech before the public and she thought she'd ask the others for help.(A) make (B) made (C) making (D) having made28. Tina ________like dogs very much, but one attacked her two years ago so she doesn't like them anymo re.(A) ought to (B) used to (C) must (D) would29. It ______at yesterday's meeting to raise salaries _______ 10% in the next two years.(A) was decided; by (B) has decided; with (C) announced; until (D) has announced; at30. --I don't feel like going to the party this evening.-- . What about watching the tennis game on the computer?(A) So do I (B) Nor I do (C) And I do (D) Neither do I31. --Is that the time? I didn't realise it was so late. I really must be going. ---_________________--I'm afraid so, I've got to start work early tomorrow.(A) Didn't you have a wonderful time?(B) Do you have to leave so early?(C) Can we see each other again soon?(D) Will you please stay longer?32. --Could you tell me the times of trains to Cambridge?--Yes, they leave on the hour.________________--Oh, I have to wait for half an hour!(A) If you hurry you might just get it on time.(B) The next train will arrive in two minutes.(C) You have no time to catch the next train.(D) And the next one goes at 5 o'clock.33. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.(A) However (B) Whatever (C) Whichever (D) Whoever34. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.(A) where (B) in which (C) At (D) for them35. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .(A) that the little girl asks him(B) the little girl asks him to(C) for the little girl to ask him(D) what the little girl asks him36. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.(A) when (B) that (C) what (D) which37. He is better than _______ I last visited him.(A) when (B) that (C) how (D) whichSTOPIF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.Reading ComprehensionIn the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.1.The sixteenth century was an age of great _exploration.(A) cosmic(B) land(C) mental(D) common man(E) none of the above2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.(A) entanglement(B) discussion(C) negotiation(D) problems(E) none of the above3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a ___ direction.(A) north and south(B) crosswise(C) easterly(D) south east(E) north and west4. One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.(A) coastline(B) mountain range(C) physical features(D) islands(E) none of the above5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern __.(A) coast(B) inland(C) body of land with water on three sides(D) border(E) answer not available6. The passage was found near 50 degrees of ___.(A) Greenwich(B) The equator(C) Spain(D) Portugal(E) MadridThe longer food is kept, the more likely it is to attract insects. Even foods stored in containers often attract bugs. To solve this problem, scientists have been working with different odors in an attempt to find one strong enough to keep insects from going near food. One possibility would be to use plants with strong smells, like garlic or pine, to keep insects away. Unfortunately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too!A more promising repellent is citronella oil, which comes from a type of lemongrass. An experiment was done using this oil with a certain insect, the red flour beetle. Scientists sprayed cardboard boxes with citronella oil and noticed that the beetles did not enter those boxes. They were much more interested in boxes that were not sprayed.One problem with using citronella oil as a repellent, however, is that it is quite ephemeral —it simply does not last very long. After a few months it loses its smell, and bugs no longer find it unpleasant. Scientists hope to improve citronella oil so that its scent remains strong for a longer time. It will also be necessary to make sure that the oil is not harmful to people, as scientists are still not sure whether it is safe to use around food.7. What is the passage mainly about?(A) Oils used in cooking(B) Ways of protecting food(C) The behavior of a kind of beetle(D) Smells produced by different grasses8. The word one refers to .(A) an odor(B) an insect(C) a scientist(D) a container9. What does the author imply about the odors of garlic and pine?(A) They last for a long time.(B) They are not always very strong.(C) They can be unpleasant to people.(D) They attract certain species of beetles.10. What are repellents?(A) A food source for beetles(B) Machines used to get oil from plants(C) Substances used to keep insects away(D) Chemicals used to speed up plant growth11. Which substance is NOT mentioned as being unpleasant to insects?(A) Pine(B) Flour(C) Garlic(D) Citronella oil12. What does the author say about the sprayed boxes?(A) Beetles avoided them.(B) They were very heavy.(C) They did not contain much food.(D) Many insects were trapped in them.13.The word ephemeral is closest in meaning to .(A) weightless (B) short-lived(C) overpriced(D) not distinguishable14. What are scientists hoping to do in the future?(A) Breed larger beetles(B) Produce better-tasting foods(C) Grow lemongrass in greater quantities(D) Make the odor of citronella oil last longer15. The word scent is closest in meaning to .(A) smell(B) flavor(C) nature(D) standard16. What do scientists still not know about citronella oil?(A) What chemicals it contains(B) Where it comes from(C) Why beetles like it(D) How safe it isWhen another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside. Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.17. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) Wild Animals in Art(B) Hidden Prehistoric Paintings(C) Exploring Caves Respectfully(D) Determining the Age of French Caves18. The words pays heed to are closest in meaning to .(A) discovers(B) watches(C) notices(D) buys19. Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of France?(A) It is home to rare animals.(B) It has a large number of caves.(C) It is known for horse-racing events.(D) It has attracted many famous artists.20. According to the passage, which animals appear most often on the cave walls?(A) Birds(B) Bison(C) Horses(D) Wild cats21. The word depict is closest in meaning to .(A) show(B) hunt(C) count(D) draw22. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task? (A) It was completely dark inside.(B) The caves were full of wild animals.(C) Painting materials were hard to find.(D) Many painting spaces were difficult to reach.23. The word They refers to .(A) walls(B) artists(C) animals(D) materials24. According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings EXCEPT .(A) temperature changes(B) air movement(C) water(D) light25. What does the passage say happened at the Lascaux caves in 1963 ?(A) Visitors were prohibited from entering.(B) A new lighting system was installed.(C) Another part was discovered.(D) A new entrance was created.Well-known in many countries, tug-of-war is a sports event with easy rules and a lot of action. On a grassy field, two teams pull on opposite ends of a rope. The team that can pull the other team to its side of the field triumphs. Many places have local tug-of-war clubs that compete against each other. An international organization sets the rules of the competition.If one tug-of-war team weighs much more than the other team, then it is easier for the heavier team to win. To keep contests fair, all eight pullers on a team must be weighed. Only teams with similar weights compete against each other.The thrill of tug-of-war has been known for a very long time. In fact, it is one of the world’s oldest events, going back many centuries. Tug-of-war existed in many places in ancient times, including Greece, Egypt, and Korea. At one point it was even included in the Olympic Games. It was introduced into the Olympics in 1900, just four years after the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Greece. It was a part of the Olympics until 1920, when the rope was pulled for the final time as an official Olympic event.26. What is the best title for this passage?(A) Games of Strength and Speed(B) A Simple But Exciting Contest(C) Changing the Rules of a Fun Game(D) The Oldest Sports at the Olympic Games27. The word triumphs is closest in meaning to .(A) wins(B) arrives(C) relaxes(D) gets tired28. What is done before a contest begins?(A) The rope is pulled.(B) The field is measured.(C) The teams are counted.(D) The pullers are weighed29. What does the author say about tug-of- war regarding the history of the game?(A) It was played in ancient times.(B) It was invented in Greece.(C) Its rules were written down in 1900.(D) It was a part of the first modern Olympic Games. 30. What was the last year that tug-of-war was included in the Olympics?(A) 1896(B) 1900(C) 1904(D) 1920。
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷(含答案)
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷Choose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1. He is always here; it’s _ ___ you've never met him.A. uniqueB. strangeC. rareD. peculiarC2. We shall probably never be able to ___ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.A. assertB. impartC. ascertainD. notifyC3. Professor Hawking is __ __ as one of the world's greatest living physicists.A. dignifiedB. clarifiedC. acknowledgedD. illustrated4. I must congratulate you _ __ the excellent design of the new bridge.A. withB. atC. onD. of5. She was so _ __ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at theA. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorfulballoons ___ _ slowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering7. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man ofconsiderable _ ___.A. futureB. possibilityC. abilityD. opportunity8. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t __A. lackB. withdrawC. omitD. leak9. Military orders are __ __ and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative10. Cancer is second only _ ___ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from11. You cannot be __ _ careful when you drive a car.A. veryB. soC. tooD. enough12. __ __ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. But forD. Because13. He is the only person who can __ __ in this case, because the otherwitnesses were killed mysteriously.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify14. I didn’t know the word. I had to __ __ a dictionary.A. make outB. look outC. go overD. refer to15. We can accept your order __ __ payment is made in advance.A. in the belief thatB. in order thatC. on the excuse thatD. on condition that16. We'd like to __ __ a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. retainD. sustain17. What you say now is not ___ _ with what you said last week.A. consistentB. persistentC. permanentD. insistent18. The medicine __ __ his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated19. He is too young to be able to __ __ between right and wrong.A. discardB. discernC. disperseD. disregard20. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms mayresult in __ __ and lack of unity in style.A. conflictB. confrontationC. disturbanceD. disharmony21. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most considerate of all Indians but seemsto be _ ___ the welfare of his animals.A. critical aboutB. indignant atC. indifferent toD. subject to22. It has been revealed that some government leaders ___ their authority andposition to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook23. His argument does not suggest that mankind can__ __ to be wasteful in theutilization of these resources.A. resortB. grantC. affordD. entitle24. Some diseases are __ __ by certain water animals.A. transplantedB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted25. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is____.A. firmB. companyC. corporationD. enterpriseIt’s a big country!When it comes to body weight, Americans stand out. Most visitors to theUnited States, no matter where they go across this vast country, comment onthe size of many Americans. In fact, these impressions are backed by numerous statistics. For example, the average 5‘4" American weighs 162 pounds, or pounds more than the average person of the same height from Western orCentral Europe. Another comparison: At 150 pounds, the average5’4”American woman is 24 pounds heavier than her Japanese counterpart.Why are Americans so heavy？Some blame the American diet. Certainly it’true that Americans eat more high-fat foods – meat, dairy products, andprocessed food – and fewer grains and vegetables than people in other countries.including the tendency forBut fat isn’t the whole story. Lifestyle factors –Americans to drive rather than walk or ride a bicycle to work, to snackthroughout the day, and to have so many labor-saving devices in the home –appear to contribute to the problem.(165 words)26. According to the article, the average Western European weighs ____ ___.A. more than an AmericanB. more than a Central EuropeanC. less than an AmericanD. less than a Japanese person27. In comparison with Americans, people in other countries eat more _ ____.A. meatB. dairy productsC. processed foodD. grainsHeadachesEveryone has experienced headaches, but only recently have medical researchers begun to learn more specifically about the causes and possible treatments for different types of headache pain.The most common type of headache is the simple tension headache. Tension headaches are usually mild and short-lasting and can result from various factors, such as stress caused by worry or noise. Tension headaches are caused by a tightening of the neck or back muscles, which slows the flow of blood and, therefore, oxygen to the brain. It is the lack of oxygen that causes the pain. Most headaches can be relieved by taking a mild analgesic such as aspirin. Analgesics expand the blood vessels and restore the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.A more serious type of headache is the migraine. Migraine headaches are often extremely painful and can last for hours or days. Like tension headaches, they can be the result of different factors, including stress, hormonal changes, andallergies. Unlike tension headaches, however, they are caused by an abnormal expansion or swelling (rather than a contraction) of the blood vessels within the head. Medicines that shrink swollen blood vessels can be used to treat migraine headaches.A tiny minority of headaches can be linked to severe physical problems such as head injury or brain tumors. For these types of headaches, there are medicines to treat the symptoms, but there is no cure unless the underlying problem is removed.(244 words)28. This article discusses the ___ ____.A. tiny minority of people who have headachesB. history of medical research into headachesC. causes and remedies for headachesD. physical problems caused by headaches29. A tension headache can result when ____ ___.A. the neck and back muscles relaxB. people get injured in an accidentC. the flow of blood is restrictedD. too much oxygen goes to the brain30. Medicines for migraines ____ ___.A. relax the head and neckB. generally relieve tensionC. increase the flow of bloodD. cause blood vessels to contract31. Headaches caused by serious physical problems __ _____.A. can’t be treatedB. don’t cause much painC. have no symptomsD. are not very commonPainful PoultryA It’s common practice in the poultry industry to amputate the beaks ofchickens to prevent them pecking each other. Techniques of ‘debeaking’vary, but in the UK it is performed on chicks when they are a few days old, and usually involves amputating one third of the upper part of the beakwith a heated blade. The poultry industry has always assumed thatchickens quickly recover, but evidence presented at the InternationalOrnithological Congress in New Zealand suggests otherwise. Dr. Michael Gentle, of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research inEdinburgh, has shown that chickens can feel chronic pain weeks, andsometimes even months, after the operation.B Chickens have pain receptors in their beak, and so slicing their beaks offwith a hot knife must hurt them. What Dr. Gentle has found is that the pain may be delayed, as is the case with human burn victims. ‘The chickens are not in paininitially, but 24 hours later they show clear pain-relatedbehaviour.’ After the beak is amputated, the remaining stump may taketwo to four weeks to heal. But even then, pain may continue: the damaged nerves still grow, and may be ‘abnormally and spontaneously active’(believed to the cause of stump pain in human amputees). Even twomonths later, the stump is unusually sensitive to touch and temperaturechanges.C Many aspects of a chicken’s behaviour also suggest that it experiences thelong-term pain, and perhaps even the depression, typically felt by human amputees. In the first few weeks after debeaking, a chicken spends more time resting than usual. And even six weeks later, when the stump hashealed over, a chicken avoids using its beak.D The habit of pecking each other doesn’t necessarily start off as aggressivebehaviour – it may simply escalate once one bird is injured, and sometimes be a substitute for pecking at litter – but it can quickly leads to the death of weaker birds.E Is debeaking really the solution, though? A very preliminary survey inScotland, of two commercial laying breeds, found debeaking had noeffect on the extent of feather and comb damage, or on body weights of the number of birds that died. A much more effective approach would be toremove the conditions – such as overcrowding and bright light, forexample, that are known to contribute to feather-pecking and cannibalism.Where chickens really have to be kept in such conditions, a more sensible solution than debeaking, says Dr. Gentle, would be to breed strains ofpeck each other.chickens that don’ｔ(Angela Turner) Questions 32-36The reading passage is divided into five paragraphs A - E. From the list of headings (i-ix) below, choose the most suitable heading of each paragraph, and write the letter in the space provided.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of themi Other effects of debeakingii Chickens have feelingsiii Challenging an acceptedpracticeiv Alternative solutionsv Methods of amputationvi The pecking habitvii Chronic Painviii Improving the debeakingtechniqueix Chickens are notaggressive32 Paragraph A Ⅲ33Paragraph B Ⅱ34Paragraph C Ⅶ35Paragraph D Ⅵ36Paragraph E ⅣQuestions 37-38Answer the following questions using no more than THREE words from the passage.37What has been the industry’s belief in relation to chicks in the debeaking process?Chickens quickly recover.38Dr. Gentle twice compares the chickens with humans. Write the twocategories of humans.Human burn victimsHuman amputeesQuestions 39-4039According to the passage, one reason for the behaviour of pecking other chickens is ___A. the need to peck at the ground in a natural habitat.B. the need to assert dominance over weaker chickens.C. the natural tendency for aggressive behaviour in chickens.D. the frustration experienced by caged birds.40The author believes that ___A. debeaking is necessary.B. debeaking is sensible in certain conditions.C. debeaking is not the right way to deal with the problem.D. there is a link between debeaking and the number of chicken deaths.。
托福能力测试题
托福能力测试题启德教育TOEFL入学程度测试卷――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――学员姓名____________________学员年龄____________________测试老师____________________测试时间____________________测试成绩____________________建议班级____________________一、阅读部分(20’)Types of Social GroupsLife places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction—and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive andinstrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society. Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for social life. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is.Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from us behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.Paragraph 1：Life places us in web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction—and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.1.○ delicate○ elaborate○ private○ common2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship?○ It is a structure of associations with many people.○ It should be studied in the course of a social interaction.○ It places great demands on people.○ It develops gradually overtime.Paragraph 2：People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumentalties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end3.○ leaving○ exposing○ providing○ understanding4. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2?○ Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate.○ Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties.○ Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance.○ Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant.Paragraph 3：Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.5. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups?○ Primary groups consist of people working together, while secondary groups exist outside of work settings.○ In primary groups people are seen as means, while in secondary groupspeople are seen as ends.○ Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose.○ Primary groups are generally small, while secondary groups often contain more than two people.6. Which of the following can be inferred from the author's claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?○ Secondary group relationships begin by being primary grouprelationships.○ A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.○ Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.○ Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.Paragraph 4：A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact andothers. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.7.○ enlarge○ evaluate○ impress○ acceptParagraph 5：Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society. Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for social life.8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○ Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the larger society.○ Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.○ Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society's cultural patterns.○ Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.9. This passage is developed primarily by○ drawing comparisons between theory and practice○ presenting two opposing theories○ defining important concepts and providing examples of them○ discussing causes and their effectsParagraph 7：Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently winby rejecting or threatening to ostracize those from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from us behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.10.○ detract○ advance○ select○ depart11. According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?○ To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group○ To discourage offending individuals from remaining in the group○ To commend and reward the behavior of the other members of the group ○ To decide which behavioral norms should be passed on to the next generation?Paragraph 6：Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. ■Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. ■Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. ■For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is.■12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.People who do not live alone, for example, tend to make healthier life choices and develop fewer pathologies than people who live by themselves.Where would the sentence best fit?13. Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.Primary Groups●●●Secondary Groups●●Answer Choices○ Developing socially acceptable behavior○ Working together against competitors○ Experiencing pressure from outside forces○ Viewing people as a means to an end○ Existing for practical purposes○ Providing meaning for life situations○ Involving close relationships二、听力部分(10’)1 What is the main purpose of the lecture?A To introduce a method that can help students remember new informationB To introduce a way to study how information passes from one person to anotherC To explain the differences between biological information and cultural informationD To explain the differences between stories, songs, and other pieces of information2 Why does the professor tell the story about alligators?A To explain the difference between true and false storiesB To draw an analogy between alligator reproduction and cultural transmissionC To give an example of a piece of information that functions as a memeD To show how a story can gradually change into a song3 According to the professor, which of the following are examples of meme transfer? (2 answers)A Telling familiar storiesB Sharing feelingsC Composing original musicD Learning a scientific theory4 What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?A A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s.B A person remembers a story for many years.C A gene is passed on through many generations without changing.D A song quickly becomes popular all over the world.5 What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs?A A child learning many different ideas from his or her parentsB Alligators reproducing in New York sewersC Difference people remembering different versions of a storyD A person singing the “Twinkle, twinkle” song many times6 (listen again) Why does the professor say this?A To explain why some memes do not change muchB To ask the students for their opinion about songs as memesC To acknowledge a problem with the meme theoryD To ask the students to test an idea about memes三、写作部分WRITING TASKYou should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.In many countries children are engaged insome kind of paid work. Some peopleregard this as completely wrong, whileothers consider it as valuable workexperience, important for learning andtaking responsibility.What are your opinions on this?You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.You should write at least 250 words.______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________四、口语部分(准备时间15秒，答题时间45秒)Some universities require first-year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better for first-year students and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.。
TOEFLJunior样题
TOEFLJunior样题Listening ComprehensionThe listening section has 40 questions. Follow along as you listen to the directions to the listening section.What does the woman mean?Here is another example:What will the girl probably do next?1. What does the girl mean?with her.lesson.2.3. What does the boy mean?4.homework.on television at the same time.(C) The boy’s homework assignment isvery difficult.(D) The boy can watch television whenhe finishes his homework.9.buildingat the school.(A) Put on a sweaterWrite down the girl’sDead SeaDead Sea(C) How the Dead Sea changed over time(D) How the Dead Sea was formed13. What will the boy probably do thisweekend?(A) Write his book reportNow you will hear longer talks or conversations. Each talk or conversation will be followed by three or more questions. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. You will hear each talk or conversation only one time.the class do?(A) Call a friend(B) Make some signs(C) Phone the boy’s house26. Why is the boy excited?people.weekend?(A) To the zoo(B) To an art store(C) To Main Street(D) To the public libraryto the art room?(C) So that he can see a new painting(D) So that he can talk to the teachertalking about?transportation(A) A ballooning course(B) A ballooning contestballooningballooning(A) Check weather reportson the groundconditionsconversation about using balloons for transportation?(A) Balloons will probably be used fortransportation more in the future. (B) Balloons are unable to fly far enough to be useful for transportation. (C) Balloons are too difficult to controlto be used for transportation.Structure and Written ExpressionQuestions 1-4 refer to the following e-mail.(B) told1. (C) to tell(D) telling2.our own tour guide. The guide told us about the different artists and gave us the3. history of some of the paintings.(A) When (B) Rather(C) During (D) WhetherI have more time, I will4.together.Your cousin,SamanthaQuestions 5-8 refer to the following student essay.7. today,(A) becoming (B) has become (C) is becoming (D) it has becomevery easy to recycle all kinds of materials,Questions 9-12 refer to the following part of a s tudent’s j ournal.9. I (A) writing(B) to write(C) had been written(D) have been writingin my bird-watching journal since last month.10.11. I (A) knew(B) wrote(D) invitedan unusual bird high in the sky. I wasn’t sure what it was,12.Questions 13-16 refer to the following advertisement.14.the tutor coordinator, at 555-8898. Applicants should have excellent gradesQuestions 17-24 refer to the following letter.Dear class,20. a history teacher,(A) it is wonderful (B) that wonderful(C) wonderful to be (D) being wonderfulto visit a country that is famous21. for its ancient civilization! I have(A) yet (B) still(C) then (D) alreadyseen the Great Pyramid of Gizaamazing place!Mr. TylerQuestions 25-32 refer to the following student essay.30. The box contained two rooms(A) both of them (B) in addition(C) as well as (D) and toosome mirrors.。
小托福试题
小托福试题小托福TOEFL Junior考试主要由三大部分组成：听力、语言形式和含义、阅读，每部分均42道选择题;听力35分钟，语言形式和含义25分钟，阅读50分钟，共110分钟。
阅读理解：初中托福考试评估了在英语媒介的环境中学生的阅读理解能力，包括两项基本阅读形式：1) 写作和认知学术文章的能力。
学生须要写作和认知一系列体裁的横跨各个学科域(比如，艺术，人文，科学和社会科学)的学术文章(比如，说明文，传记，议论文，散文)。
他们须要写作相同难度水平的文本，尤其包含那些在英语环境课堂上采用的。
大二这些文本时，学生必须认知大意和主要的论据信息去作出推测，并且认知核心词汇(不管源自于以前的科学知识还是文本)以及文本内部的紧密联系(比如，句子之间暗示性的联系)。
2) 依赖于具体的段落的性质，学生必须了解作者的目的，理清逻辑并看懂修辞结构，文章进程和指示，并/或识别并理解比喻性语言。
与听力相比，阅读文章不应要求太多的具体背景信息，但是有时候会要求学生去读从学术篇章中学到新信息。
3) 写作并认知非学术性文章。
尽管学术性文章已经英语语言方面的挑战，但学生也必须能够写作非学术性文章。
包含通信方面的(比如电邮和信件)，日志，学生著作以及一些更长一些的文章(比如，小册子，广告，时间计划等). 大二非学术性文章时，学生必须表述能阐述学术性文章的认知细节，也必须明白非学术文章的一些明显特征。
(比如，一些习语的频密采用)A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors.On one side stand those who see clothes dryers (干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turningto clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can-do environmentalism (环境保护主义).”On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) access the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passedto protect people’s right to use clotheslines.So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline. Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be more.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious (有生态意识的) person whofeeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his airconditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, , the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid noattention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not totake any action, unless more neighbors come to them.North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view ofglobal warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, “The clothesline is beautiful. Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.”阅读赏析：这篇阅读理解的主题非常有趣，切入角度很独特：我们是否应该立法禁止用晾衣绳来晾晒衣服。
小托福官方指定用书TOEFL Junior摸底测评题及参考答案
Name: ________ Date: ________ Score: ________（__ / 30*100）Directions: This test consists of two parts. The first part is language form and meaning with 10 questions. The second part is reading with three texts and 20 questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on the test.PART1.–How about going hiking this weekend?–Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.A.to go out; stay at homeB.to stay at home; go outC.staying at home; to go outD.going out; stay at home2.I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and ________ in price.A.reasonableB.valuablefortableD.enjoyable3.Now the air in our city is ________ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.A.very goodB.much betterC.rather badD.even worse4.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ________ have been solved by theend of next week.A.eagerlyB.hopefullyC.immediatelyD.gradually5.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ________ left in the house.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothingD.something6.To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _________, honest.A.thereforeB.above allC.howeverD.after all7.________ a boy, the man was taken away by the police.A.Supposing to murderB.Supposed to murderC.Supposing to have murderedD.Supposed to have murdered8.The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _________, but students becamemore interested in the lessons.A.saved was teacher’s energyB.was teachers’ energy savedC.teachers’ energy was savedD.was saved teachers’ energy9.You speak good English. Could you tell me _________?A.how can I improve my EnglishB.how I can improve my EnglishC.how could I improve my EnglishD.how I could improve my English10.–What are you talking about?–We’re talking about the teacher and his school _______ we visited yesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatPARTQuestions 11-16 are about the following passage.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true among children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and sponsor sports programs and make sure that there is easy access to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed when some educators and developmental experts realized that the behavior and character of children were strongly influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This led many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in particular ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social environment influenced a person’s development was very encouraging to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about how they might control the experiences of children to manufacture responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.11.What fact does the author say about children from poor communities?A.They often take organized sports for granted.B.They don’t like organized sports that much.C.Their communities don’t want to sponsor them.D.They don’t have enough money for the resources.12.According to the passage, what can strongly influence the behavior and character of children?A.The income of their families.B.Sports fields and facilities in their communities.C.Social surroundings and everyday experiences.D.Whether they join organized sports or not.13.Why did the educators and experts originally develop organized youth sports?A.They found that sports were popular in the United States.B.They realized that children’s physical health was really important.C.They wanted to organize children’s experiences by organized sports.D.They thought organized sports could influence the capitalist economy.14.In line 13, the word encouraging is closest in meaning to _______.A.upsettingB.surprisingC.disappointingD.inspiring15.In line 15, the word manufacture is closest in meaning to _______.A.raiseB.preventC.multiplyD.provide16.According to the passage, what did a growing capitalist depend on?A.Social environmentB.The experience of childrenC.Responsible adultsD.Productivity of workersQuestions 17-21 are about the following passage.Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous example was dinosaurs. The dinosaurs were replaced by the mammals 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred 150 million years earlier, when the dinosaurs took over the position of dominance that had been held for 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.What triggered these great changes? Scientific theories suggest that the factors that might have been responsible for such replacement are various. But these factors have gone through some significant change of its own. At times, for example, scientists have suggested that mammals caused the extinction of the dinosaurs by eating their eggs or by competing for the same food resources. Now, however, most people are convinced that the mammals played only a minor role, if any (largely because both groups had lived side by side for millions of years). Instead, environmental change was the primary responsible reason for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The mammals apparently sat around for 150 million years hiding under trees and other plants in woodland. With the extinction of the dinosaurs, they finally had their opportunity to step out and live in the available niches.17.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Mammals caused the extinction of dinosaurs by eating their eggs.B.Some species of animals have been replaced by others due to environmental changes.C.Scientific theories about the reasons for the extinction of certain reptiles have changed overthe years.D.Mammals and dinosaurs competed for the same food resources.18.In line 1, the word upheavals is closest in meaning to _______.A.heavensB.upliftsC.changesD.reasons19.Which of the followings is the correct order that the animal groups mentioned in the passageassumed dominance?A.Mammal-like reptiles, mammals, dinosaursB.Mammal, mammals-like reptiles, dinosaursC.Dinosaurs, mammal-like reptiles, mammalsD.Mammal-like reptiles, dinosaurs, mammals20.In line 6, the word triggered is closest in meaning to _______.A.causedB.assumedC.suggestedD.told21.According to the passage, what does the author imply about the scientific theories?A.They have changed considerably throughout their history.B.They concern only the division of reptile groups.C.They put little emphasis on the conditions of prehistoric climate.D.They explained the development of the Mesozoic undergrowth.Questions 22-30 are about the following passage.On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars. You can see even more with a telescope. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year.That’s because they’re invisible. They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That’s how tightly this dead star, a black hole, is packed. What pulls the stat in toward its center with such power? It’s the same force that pulls you down when you jump—the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything—even light. The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes. That’s why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there’s more in the sky than meets the eye! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes—the great mystery of space.22.What would be the best title for this article?A.Amazing Black HolesB.The Use of a TelescopeC.Colorful StarsD.Mysterious Universe23.According to the article, what causes a star to die?A.As its gases run out, it cools down.B.It collides with other stars.C.It can only live for about a million years.D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.24.In line 7, the word mysterious is closest in meaning to ________.A.ordinaryB.brightC.strangemon25.Which of the following statement is NOT a fact?A.Black holes are dead stars.B.Black holes have gravity.C.Black holes are invisible.D.There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.26.What happens after a star dies?A.It becomes invisible.B.It falls to Earth.C.It burns up all of its gases.D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.27.What might happen to our Sun billions of years from now?A.It will be brighter.B.It will not stop giving heat and light.C.It will burn out and die.D.It will become red or blue.28.What can be inferred about the Sun according to the article?A.We won’t see the Sun with the biggest telescope in the world.B.The Sun is a black hole.C.The Sun gives us heat and light.D.The Sun will not be getting old and weak.29.In line 15, the word it refers to _______.A.the SunB.the EarthC.the starD. a black dwarf30.Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole?A.Because most black hole is so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C.Because as the star’s gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center.1.B 题目考查prefer to do …rather than do 表示“宁愿做…...而不愿意做”。
托福入学测试
托福保分班入学测试题-B（时间：50mins）Section 1: Vocabulary （10mins）Direction: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the synonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1. acute:(A) limited (B) intense (C) pure (D) necessary2. remarkable:(A) movement (B) school (C) tendency (D) extraordinary3. vary:(A) maximum (B) perplexing (C) independent (D) differ4. stressed:(A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D)emphasized5. considerable:(A) started (B) requested (C) proponent (D) great6. accelerate:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) increase (D) practically7. rushing:(A) faced (B) ruined (C) increased (D)rapid8. derived:(A) thoughtful (B) show (C) relational (D)obtained9. means:(A) dried (B) large (C) collected (D) methods10. establish:(A) connected (B) excellent (C) create (D) identified11. apparent(A). evident (B) differed (C). develops (D). invests12. prized(A). valued (B). limited (C).. replaced (D). dominated13.clues(A). fly (B). indication (C). feed (D). forge14. source(A). basis (B). long-lasting (C). marvelous (D). gorgeous15. sweep(A). varied (B). extend (C). audible (D). perilous16. thriving(A). prejudice (B). separate (C). conducive (D). flourishing17. at any rate(A). inimical (B). branch (C). observe (D). regardless18. prime(A). inhabitant (B). break (C). clan D). principal19. exert(A). spread (B). allow (C). recognized (D). put20. most common(A). contemplate (B). dedicate (C). put into practice (D). dominantDirection: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the antonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.21. vivid:(A) pierce (B) dull (C) Anguish (D) cover22. profound:(A) put together (B) Undistinguished (C) pile high (D) shallow23. disaster:(A) deficient (B) noisy (C) innovative (D) fortune24. fail:(A) increased (B) Corrupt (C) succeed (D) appeared25. gloom:(A) controlling (B) darken (C) opposing (D) brightness26. dignify:(A) report (B) learn (C) worry (D) degrade27. fresh:(A) firm (B) Stale (C) difficult (D) bitter28. adult:(A) lonely (B) lower (C) uncomfortable (D) infant29. complicate:(A) possible (B) basic (C) gradual (D) simplify30. Unworthy:(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) valuable31. Exit:(A) limited (B) entrance (C) pure (D) necessary32. invalid:(A) movement (B) forget (C) use (D) valid33. comfort:(A) conspiracy (B) attentive (C) independent (D) anguish34. skillful:(A) invariable (B) dull (C) predictable (D) awkward35. Intensify:(A) started (B) requested (C) adjourn (D) weaken36. misery:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) shelter (D) happy37. Regain:(A) faced (B) lose (C) increased (D) discussed38. Expenditure:(A) thoughtful (B) outline (C) relational (D) income39. Prolong:(A) dried (B) vex (C) reduce(D) evaporated40. Suspend:(A) connected (B) scatter (C) completed (D)continueSection 2: Reading Comprehension共27个题目，每题1分，第一套12题2分，第二套15题3分，共30分。
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启德TOEFL Junior入学测试卷二零一五年学生姓名：学生年龄：年级：测试老师：测试成绩：测试日期：一、考试说明：此测试题目均选自专业TOEFL Junior试题。
题量较TOEFL Junior 真实考试有所缩减，为了避免题型干扰，个别题目有所改动。
在做题过程中如果感到有压力和难度，是正常现象，请放松心态，发挥正常水平。
我们将根据你的测试成绩以及反馈提供最专业性和个性化的解决方案。
二、考试时间和分数分配：Section Time ScoreListening Comprehension 10’300Language Form and Meaning 15’300Reading Comprehension 15’300Total 40’900三、TOEFL Junior测试题Part 1 Listening ComprehensionDirections: this practice set has 9 questions. First you will hear two classroom instructions, which will be followed by one question each. Then you will hear a campus-based conversation and an academic talk or discussion, which will be followed by three or more questions. Please follow along the narrator carefully, as you will hear each listening material only one time.Questions1. What will the students probably do next?A. Clean up a mess in the laboratory.B. Ask the teacher some questions.C. Present reports about a science experiment.D. Put on safety glasses.2. What is the purpose of the talk?A. To tell students about the library’s hours and policies.B. To persuade students to use books instead of computers.C. To give students information about the library’s research tools.D. To warn students about unreliable information on the Internet.3. What’s the boy’s problem?A. He forgot a phone number.B. His mobile phone is broken.C. He cannot find his mobile phone.D. He left his mobile phone at home.4. What does the boy say his teacher makes the class do?A. Turn off their mobile phones.B. Leave their mobile phones at home.C. Put their mobiles inside their desks.D. Keep their mobile phones in their backpacks.5. What will the boy and girl probably do next?A. Call a friend.B. Make some signs.C. Phone the boy’s house.D. Write down a list of phone numbers.6. What is the main topic of the talk?A. Places where camels look for food in the desert.B. How camels survive in the desert.C. New kinds of foods discovered in the desert.D. Why temperatures change quickly in the desert.7. What false belief about camels does the speaker correct?A. That they run very fast.B. That they are found only in hot regions.C. That they can easily find water in the desert.D. That they store water in their humps.8. What does the speaker imply about the food that camels eat?A. It is full of fat.B. It dries out quickly.C. It is difficult to find.D. It contains a lot of water.9. According to the speaker, what is harmful to most animals’ health?A. Drinking too much water.B. Eating food that is very old.C. Going too long without rest.D. Spending a lot of time in the sun.Part 2 Language Form and MeaningIn this section of the test, you will answer 20 questions. Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence. Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence.1.The students _____ the History Museum if it _____ fine tomorrow.A. will visit….isB. will visit…will beC. would visit …wasD. would visit…would be2.Judy is going to marry the sailor she _______ in Rome last year.A.meetsB.metC.has metD.would meet3. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.--But our friends______ for us.A. will waitB. waitC. have waitedD. are waiting4. They _____ supper when we _____ into the room.A. are h aving…wentB. were having…goC. were having…wentD. are having…go5. It seems it ______.A. will rainB. shall rainC. rainsD. is going to rain6. It’s nothing serious. Your son ____ all right by supper time.A. will beB. shall beC. isD. is going to be7.Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved8 . My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year now.A. joined…has becomeB. joined…has beenC. has joined…has beenD. did join…had been9. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t10．--Were you surprised by the ending of the film?--No. I______the book, so I already knew the story.A. was readingB. had readC. am readingD. have read11. –We’ve spent too much money recently．--Well，it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives______ around all the time.A．are comingB．had comeC．were comingD．have been coming12. Nathan ____ he ____ his life for his country.A. said (iv)B. says…will giveC. said…givesD. said…would give13.The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated14.Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.A. cry；to cryB. crying；cryingC. cry；cryD. to cry；cry15.The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent ＿＿＿＿violin every day．A．to practise to play theB．practising playing theC．to practise to playD．practising to play16.The danger ________ the world is too many people with too little food.A. threateningB. threatenedC. which is threatenedD. to be threatened17.Is there a bar around _____ I can have something to eat?A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where18.My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house_____there is a power out.A.ifB.unlessC.in caseD.so that19.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do____ it takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever20．In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further wego , ____.A. our holidays will be betterB. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will beD. the better will our holiday bePart 3 Reading ComprehensionIn this section of the test, you will read a text and answer 10 questions. Choose the correct answer to each question.Questions 1-6 are about the following articles.Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the the route intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes. These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants in either direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremelysensitive to these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, evaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space. The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth down the trail.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones2. The word “forage” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food3. The word “intermittently” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly4. The phrase “the one” the passage refers to a single(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species5. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trailpheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is6. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant to point out(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone7. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.8. The word “furnish” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select9. The word “ oscillating “ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) falling(B) depositing(C) swinging(D) starting10. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found(A) in the receptors of the ants(B) just above the trail(C) in the source of food(D) under the soil along the trail。