香芹酚对绵羊瘤胃体外养分降解率和发酵特性及产气量的影响
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香芹酚对绵羊瘤胃体外养分降解率和发酵特性及产气量的影响
作者:王子懿周瑞徐红伟臧荣鑫李耀东郑隆清马莹莹梁小燕袁龙
来源:《甘肃农业科技》2022年第03期
摘要:為了研究香芹酚对绵羊瘤胃体外养分降解率、发酵特性及体外产气量的影响,在瘤胃液中分别添加0、100、250、500、1 000 mg/L不同浓度的香芹酚,瘤胃发酵48 h后测定养分降解率、发酵参数及总产气量。结果表明,添加250 mg/L试验组的中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)和酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)显著高于添加500 mg/L、1000 mg/L试验组和对照不添加香芹酚(P < 0.01)。添加250 mg/L试验组的干物质降解率(DMD)显著高于其他试验组(P < 0.01),而对照的DMD显著低于其他试验组(P < 0.01)。添加1000 mg/L试验组的pH显著高于其他组(P < 0.01)。添加250 mg/L试验组的乙酸浓度显著高于其他试验组(P < 0.01)、丙酸浓度显著高于其他试验组(P < 0.01)。香芹酚含量的增加均显著降低了丁酸的浓度(P < 0.01)。综上所述,在绵羊瘤胃体外培养液中加入香芹酚有助于增加饲草的营养降解量,调整瘤胃发酵作用特点,从而减少总产气量。体外条件下的香芹酚,加入总量不应超过250 mg/L。
关键词:香芹酚;养分分解率;体外发酵;发酵特性;发酵产气量
中图分类号:S816 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2022)03-0050-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.03.011
Effect of Carvacrol on Nutrients Degradation,Fermentation Characteristic, and Total Gas Production in Rumen of Sheep in Vitro
WANG Ziyi, ZHOU Rui, XU Hongwei, ZANG Rongxin, LI Yaodong, ZHENG Longqing, MA Yingying, LIANG Xiaoyan, YUAN Long
(College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou Gansu 730030, China)
Abstract:The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of carvacrol on nutrient degradation rate, fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production in sheep rumen. This time, a single-factor completely randomized trial design was adopted, and rumen fluid was added with 0(control group), 100, 250, 500 and 1 000 mg/L, respectively. Nutrient degradation rate, fermentation parameters and total gas production were determined after rumen fermentation for 48 h. The results showed that the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate(NDFD) and acid detergent fiber degradation rate(ADFD) in 250 mg/L group were significantly higher than those of experiments in 500 mg/L and 1 000 mg/L group and control group(P < 0.01). Dry matter degradation rate (DMD) in 250 mg/L group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.01), while the DMD of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.01). The pH value of 1 000 mg/L group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P < 0.01). The concentration of acetic acid in 250 mg/L group was significantly higher than
that of other groups(P < 0.01), and the concentration of propionic acid was significantly higher than that of other groups(P < 0.01). The concentration of butyric acid was significantly decreased with the increase of carvacrol content(P < 0.01). In conclusion, the addition of carvacrol to the in vitro rumen culture medium of sheep can improve the nutrient degradation rate of the feed, adjust the rumen fermentation characteristics, and reduce the total gas production. Under in vitro conditions, the total amount of carvacrol added should not exceed 250 mg/L.
Key words:Carvacrol;Nutrient decomposition rate;Methane production;Fermentation characteristics;Fermentation gas production
香芹酚是一种可用作香精、卫生消毒剂的有机化合物[1 ]。香芹酚可在胃肠道内作用于上皮细胞,使其再生速度加快,病原体对肠道上皮细胞的感染减少,可抑制有害菌的生长,促进消化分泌物的生产[2 ]。另外,香芹酚还可以刺激血液循环,降低病原菌的数量,调节反刍动物瘤胃发酵,从而促进反刍动物盲肠营养成分消化,提高肠道吸收必需营养素的利用率,减轻动物的免疫防御压力[3 ]。其可以选择性地影响动物体内特定的瘤胃微生物,进而调节瘤胃代谢。在反刍动物饲粮中添加香芹酚可降低瘤胃内产气量排放,从而调控瘤胃的发酵[4 - 5 ]。我们研究了香芹酚不同添加浓度对绵羊瘤胃体外养分降解率和发酵特性的影响,以期通过试验确定香芹酚的最佳添加量,为反刍动物饲粮生产提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供体动物及饲养管理
供体动物选择3只体重[(54.32±2.13) kg]、体况良好且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康小尾寒羊作为瘤胃液供体羊。试验羊采用单栏喂养方法,饲粮根据国家肉羊饲养标准的推荐营养要求配制,具体饲粮组成和营养水平见表1。每日饲喂2次,自由饮水。待其适应生活环境后采集瘤胃液。
1.2 供试材料
供试香芹酚购自美国Ralco动物营养公司。
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 试验设计试验采取单因素随机设计,共分为5个试验组,每个试验组3个重复来减少试验的系统误差。即在250 mL的发酵瓶中分别添加5个不同浓度的香芹酚:不添加香芹酚组(对照组)、添加100 mg/L(试验组Ⅰ)、250 mg/L(试验组Ⅱ)、500 mg/L(试验组Ⅲ)和1 000 mg/L(试验组Ⅳ)。另设置3个重复的空白对照,即不添加发酵底物和香芹酚,仅用于发酵瓶中产气量的校正。