中英文对照常用建筑设计用词

中英文对照常用建筑设计用词
为了搜集更全面更实用的建筑设计用词，方便大家入门了解建筑设计，香港JR设计小编群体同心协力，手脚并用辛苦整理如下：
第一节 总 平 面
Chapter1: Site Planning
一、在方案设计阶段，总平面专业设计文件应包括：
I. During the conceptual design period, the overall design documents should include:
1. 设计说明书；
1. Design Description;
2. 设计图纸。
2. Drawings.
二、设计说明书
II. Design Description
应对总体方案构思意图作详尽的文字阐述，并应列出技术经济指标表（包括总用地面积；总建筑面积；建筑占地面积；各主要建筑物的名称、层数、高度；以及建筑容积；覆盖率；道路广场铺砌面积；绿化面积；绿化率；必要时及有条件情况下计算场地初平土方工程量等）。
Design description should include detailed explanation about the idea of the overall design as well as a list of technical-economic indices (such as site area, total floor area, built-up area, major buildings’ names, levels and height, plot ratio, coverage rate, paving area of roads and plazas, green area, afforestation rate, calculation of land leveling earthwork if necessary and applicable, etc).
三、设计图纸
III. Drawings.
1. 用地范围的区域位置；
1. Site Location;
2. 用地红线范围（各角点测量座标值、场地现状标高、地形地貌及其它现状情况反映）；
2. Site Scope Defined by Building Lines (coordinates of angle points, current site level, terrain and landform, etc);
3. 用地与周围环境情况反映（如用地外围城市道路；市政工程管线设施；原有建筑物、构筑物；四邻拟建建筑及原有古树名木、历史文化遗址保护等）。
3. Context of the Site (such as exterior urban streets, municipal pipelines and facilities, existing buildings and structures, buildings to be constructed, old and valuable trees, and heritage sites, etc).
4. 总平面布局，其功能分区、总体布置及空间组合的考虑；道路广场布置；场地主要出入口车流、人流的交通组织分析（并应说明按规定计算的停车泊位数和实际布置的停车泊位数量）；以及其它反映方案特性的有关分析；消防、人防、绿化等全面考虑。
4. General Layout Plan including functional sub-areas, general layout, combination of various spaces, analysis of vehicle and pedestrian movement through major entrances and exits (including required and actual parking space), other relevant analysis reflecting the proposal's uniqueness, considerations on fire-fighting, air defense and planting, etc.
5．根据项目特点和招标人的要求提供的功能分析图、交通分析图、环境绿化景观分析图、日照分析图、内部流线分析图等
5. (According to the development’s uniqueness and upon the bidder’s requirements) drawings

of function analysis, traffic analysis, planting and landscape analysis, sunshine analysis, and interior drainage line analysis, etc.
第二节 建 筑
Chapter 2: Architectural Design
一、在方案设计阶段，建筑专业设计文件应包括：
I. During the conceptual design period, the architectural design documents should include:
1. 设计说明书；
1. Design Description;
2. 设计图纸；
2. Drawings.
二、设计说明书
II. Design Description
1. 设计依据及设计要求：
1. Basis and Requirements:
1）计划任务书或上级主管部门下达的立项批文、项目可行性研究报告批文、合资协议书批文等；
1) Project plan, or project approval document, feasibility report approval document and joint-investment agreement approval document issued by relevant authorities;
2）红线图或土地使用批准文件；
2) Map of building lines, or land use approval document;
3）城市规划、人防等部门对建筑提供的设计要求；
3) Requirements on building design by urban planning and air defense agencies, etc.
4）建设单位签发的设计委托书及使用要求；
4) Entrustment certificate of design and usage requirements given by the builder;
5）可作为设计依据的其它有关文件。
5) Other relevant documents used as basis for design.
2. 建筑设计的内容和范围：
2. Content and Scope of Architectural Design:
简述建筑地点及其周围环境、交通条件以及建筑用地的有关情况，如用地大小、形状及地形地貌，水文地质，供水、供电、供气，绿化，朝向等情况。
Brief introduction of the site's location, context, traffic conditions and other relevant information such as site area size,shape,terrain, landform, hydrology,geology,water supply,power supply,gas supply, afforestation and orientation,etc.
3. 方案设计所依据的技术准则，如建筑类别、防火等级、抗震烈度、人防等级的确定和建筑及装修标准等。
3. Technical standards used as basis for conceptual design,such as determination methods of building type,fire rating,anti-seismic property,air-defense level as well as architectural and decoration standards,etc.
4. 设计构思和方案特点。包括功能分区，交通组织，防火设计和安全疏散，自然环境条件和周围环境的利用，日照、自然通风、采光，建筑空间的处理，立面造型，结构选型和柱网选择等。
4. Design Idea and Development Features including functional sub-areas, traffic arrangement, fire-fighting design and safe evacuation, utilization of natural environment and context, sunshine, natural airing, daylight, arrangement of architectural spaces, facades, structure type and post network, etc.
5. 垂直交通设施。包括自动扶梯和电梯的选型、数量及功能划分。
5. Vertical Traffic Facilities: Including the types, numbers and functions of automatic escalators and lifts.
6. 关于节能措施

方面的必要说明，特殊情况下还要对音响、温、湿度等作专门说明。
6. Explanations on energy-saving measures.Special explanations on hi-fis,temperature and moisture may be necessary under certain circumstances.
7. 有关技术经济指标及参数，如建筑总面积和各功能分区的面积，层高和建筑总高度。其它如住宅中的户型、户室比、每户建筑面积和使用面积，旅馆建筑中不同标准的客房间数、床位数等。
7. Technical-economic indices and parameters, such as total floor area, area of functional sub-areas, floor height and total building height, etc. Other parameters include residential unit types, percentage of different unit types,floor area and usable area of each unit,as well as number of various guest rooms and beds for hotel buildings.
主要技术经济指标
Major Technical-economic Indices
总用地面积M2 Total Site Area M2
总建筑面积M2 Total Floor Area M2
地上：On Ground:
地下：Underground:
建筑基底面积M2 Base Area M2
容积率% Plot Ratio % F A R
建筑密度% Site coverage Intensity %
绿地面积M2 Planting Area M2
绿地率% Green Ratio %
汽车停车位 个 Parking Space for Vehicles
地上:（辆） On Ground: (for how many vehicles)
地下:（辆） Underground: (for how many vehicles)
自行车位 个 Parking Space for Bicycles
地下：（辆） Underground: (for how many Bicycles)
地上：（辆） Underground: (for how many Bicycles)
公共建筑可根据招标文件要求增加主要功能区分层面积表、旅馆建筑的客房构成、医院建筑的门诊人次及病床数、图书馆建筑的藏书、观演和体育建筑的座位数等。住宅小区方案应增加户型统计表。
Other indices include area of functional sub-areas for public buildings, room composition for hotels,outpatient visits and beds for hospitals,number of books for libraries,number of seats for performance and sports buildings,etc.Besides,a unit-type statistical table is required for residential developments.
三、设计图纸
III. Drawings.
1.平面图（主要使用层平面）；
1.Floor Plan (for major floors);
1）底层平面及其他主要使用层平面的总尺寸、柱网尺寸或开间、进深尺寸（可用比例尺表示）；
1) General dimensions, post network dimensions, width and depth of the ground floor and other major floors (allowed to be shown in scale);
2）功能分区和主要房间的名称（少数房间，如卫生间、厨房等可以用室内布置代替房间名称）。必要时要画标准间或功能特殊建筑中的主要功能用房的放大平面和室内布置；
2) Names of functional sub-areas and major rooms (some rooms, such as toilets and kitchen, etc, can use interior furnishing as substitute for their names). Zoom-in layout and interior furnishing plan of a standard room or major functional rooms in a special functional building may be required;
3）要反映各种

出入口及水平和垂直交通的关系。室内车库还要画出停车位和行车路线；
3) Connections between various entrances and exits, horizontal traffic and vertical traffic must be shown. Besides, parking spaces and driving routes must be shown on the drawing of an indoor garage;
4）要反映结构受力体系中承重墙、柱网、剪力墙等位置关系；
4) Location relationship of load-bearing walls, post network and shear walls in a stressed structural system must be shown;
5）注明主要楼层、地面、屋面的标高关系；
5) Level relationship of major floors, the ground and the roof must be indicated;
6）剖面位置及编号。
6) Location and serial number of each section plane.
2. 立面图：根据立面造型特点，选绘有代表性的和主要的立面，并表明立面的方位、主要标高以及与之有直接关系的其它（原有）建筑和部位立面。
2. Elevations: showing representative and major facades with their locations and levels, as well as the facades of other (existing) relevant buildings and parts.
3. 剖面图：应剖在高度和层数不同、空间关系比较复杂的主体建筑的纵向及横向相应部位。一般应剖到楼梯，并注明各层的标高。建筑层数多、功能关系复杂时，还要注明层次及各层的主要功能关系。
3. Sections: illustrating the main building's various longitudinal and traversal sections on different heights and floors and with complex spatial relationships. Usually the sections should be cut away to staircases, and the level of each floor must be marked out. When a building has many floors and complex functional relationship, each floor’s number and function must be marked out, too.
四、透视图或鸟瞰图视需要而定。设计方案一般应有一个外立面透视图或鸟瞰图。
IV. Perspective drawings or bird-eye views may be required if applicable. Usually the design should include an exterior perspective or a bird-eye view.
五、同时建筑设计说明增加以下内容
V. Architectural design description must also include:
1．建筑消防及防灾分析说明
1. Fire-fighting and Disaster Prevention
概述建筑消防设计和防灾技术措施要点
Brief introduction of fire-fighting and disaster prevention measures
2．环境保护设计说明
2. Environment-friendly Design
概述建筑环境影响分析及环境保护措施；
Explaining environmental impacts and environment-friendly measures
3．建筑节能设计说明
3. Energy-saving Design
概述建筑节能设计要点及技术措施；
Energy-saving design highlights and technical measure;