中科院武汉物理与数学研究所博士生入学考试

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中科院非全日制博士招生简章2023

中科院非全日制博士招生简章2023

中科院非全日制博士招生简章2023一、招生专业1. 本招生简章涵盖的专业范围为自然科学、工程技术和生命医药三大领域,具体专业包括但不限于物理学、化学、生物学、计算机科学与技术、材料科学与工程、化学工程与技术、电子与通信工程、生命科学与基础医学和临床医学等。

二、招生计划2. 根据学科特点和研究需求,我院非全日制博士学位招生计划将合理确定每个专业的招生人数,保证招生质量和培养水平。

三、报考条件3. (1)报名者须具有硕士研究生学位或相应学历,具有扎实的专业基础和一定的科研能力;(2)报考者应具备在工作单位从事科研或相关工作的机会和条件,并获得所在单位的支持,拟从事与所报考博士专业相关的科研或专业工作;(3)报名者必须在全日制本科及硕士研究生阶段取得优异成绩,有较强的科研能力和创新意识;(4)报名者须具有良好的团队合作能力和科研学术道德。

四、报名时间和方式4. 报名时间:待确定报名方式:考生可登入我国科学院研究生院全球信息站查询并进行上线报名。

五、招生考试5. 招生考试将采取综合方式进行,包括答辩和综合评定。

六、学制和学位授予6. 非全日制博士学位研究生的学习年限为最短3年、最长6年,完成规定学习计划,达到培养目标,通过学位论文答辩,经学位评定委员会评定,授予我国科学院非全日制博士学位。

七、学费和奖助学金7. 非全日制博士学位研究生学费按学校规定缴纳。

招生单位可按照学校和中科院相关规定给予学习期间的奖助学金。

八、其他事项8. 具体招生办法和要求,请参阅《我国科学院研究生院非全日制博士研究生培养管理办法》。

以上为2023年我国科学院非全日制博士招生简章,具体招生信息以我国科学院研究生院发布的招生公告为准。

祝愿所有报考者顺利考取非全日制博士学位,为科学事业做出更大的贡献。

理非全日制博士招生简章2023,考生或许会对一些具体细则还存在疑惑。

下面将进一步扩展内容,以便于让考生对于报考非全日制博士学位有更清晰的了解。

中科院力学研究所博士招生简章2024

中科院力学研究所博士招生简章2024

2024年中科院力学研究所博士招生简章一、招生专业及研究方向1. 招生专业: 力学2. 研究方向:1) 结构动力学与控制2) 固体力学与强度3) 流体力学与工程4) 生物力学与生物流体力学5) 高温高压物理力学6) 多物理场耦合与动态行为二、招生计划1. 拟招生人数:40人2. 招生学制:全日制博士研究生,研究生学习年限一般为3-4年。

三、招生要求1. 具有良好的思想政治素质,严谨的治学态度,积极的科研意识和团队合作精神;2. 具备扎实的数学、力学、物理、材料等方面的基础知识;3. 有较强的实验室操作和科研能力;4. 身体健康,品学兼优,吃苦耐劳,诚实守信,无不良嗜好;5. 具有硕士研究生学历。

符合以下条件之一者优先录取:1) 相关专业(力学、材料、土木、航空、能源与动力等)学士学位,并有较强的力学基础;2) 学术论文在SCI、EI等期刊上有发表。

四、报名材料1. 《我国科学院大学研究生院入学申请表》(本所处可索取或全球信息站下载填写打印);2. 毕业证书、学位证书、学习成绩单原件及复印件;3. 两位副教授及以上职称的专家推荐信原件;4. 个人简历;5. 论文、专利等材料复印件;6. 其他有关材料。

五、招生流程1. 报名时间:每年3月1日至6月30日;2. 笔试:7月上旬;3. 面试:7月中旬;4. 录取结果公布:8月上旬;5. 报到注册:8月下旬。

六、奖学金政策我所将根据学术表现及面试成绩为入学研究生提供全额或部分学费减免以及生活津贴。

七、通联方式位置区域:北京市中关村东路15号我国科学院力学研究所研究生招生办公室通联方式:010-xxx电流新箱:xxx八、其他事项申请人应坚持诚实守信的原则,所提交的报名资料必须真实有效。

如发现有作弊或提供虚假信息等行为,将取消其入学资格。

以上为2024年中科院力学研究所博士招生简章,敬请广大研究生积极报名,相信在中科院力学研究所的研究生生涯将会是您学术道路上的一个重要起点。

2020-2021年中国科学院大学(中科院)计算数学考研招生情况、分数线、参考..

2020-2021年中国科学院大学(中科院)计算数学考研招生情况、分数线、参考..

一、中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院简介中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院由中科院数学研究所、应用数学研究所、系统科学研究所及计算数学与科学工程计算研究所四个研究所整合而成,此外还拥有科学与工程计算国家重点实验室、中科院管理决策与信息系统重点实验室、中科院系统控制重点实验室、中科院数学机械化重点实验室、华罗庚数学重点实验室、随机复杂结构与数据科学重点实验室,以及中科院晨兴数学中心和中科院预测科学研究中心等。

2010年11月成立国家数学与交叉科学中心,旨在从国家层面搭建一个数学与其它学科交叉合作的高水平研究平台。

数学与系统科学研究院拥有完整的学科布局,研究领域涵盖了数学与系统科学的主要研究方向。

共有16个硕士点和13个博士点(二级学科),分布在经济学、数学、系统科学、统计学、计算机科学与技术、管理科学与工程六个一级学科中,可以在此范围内招收和培养硕士与博士研究生。

在2006年全国学科评估中,我院数学学科的整体评估得分为本学科的最高分数。

数学与系统科学研究院硕士招生类别为硕士研究生、硕博连读生和专业学位硕士研究生。

2019年共计划招收122名。

二、中国科学院大学计算数学专业招生情况、考试科目三、中国科学院大学计算数学专业分数线2018年硕士研究生招生复试分数线2017年硕士研究生招生复试分数线四、中国科学院大学计算数学专业考研参考书目616数学分析现行(公开发行)综合性大学(师范大学)数学系用数学分析教程。

801高等代数[1] 北京大学编《高等代数》,高等教育出版社,1978年3月第1版,2003年7月第3版,2003年9月第2次印刷.[2] 复旦大学蒋尔雄等编《线性代数》,人民教育出版社,1988.[3] 张禾瑞,郝鈵新,《高等代数》,高等教育出版社, 1997.五、中国科学院大学计算数学专业复试原则在中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院招生工作小组领导下,按研究所成立招收硕士研究生复试小组,设组长1人、秘书1人。

博士研究生入学考试《数值分析(机电院)》考试大纲

博士研究生入学考试《数值分析(机电院)》考试大纲

博士研究生入学考试《数值分析(机电院)》考试大纲第一部分考试形式和试卷结构一、考试方式:考试采用闭卷笔试方式,试卷满分为100分。

二、考试时间:180分钟。

三、试卷内容结构:约占 60%,主观题约占 40%。

四、试卷题型结构:试卷由三部分组成:选择/判断、填空、分析/计算。

其中:1、选择/判断题,约占20%。

测试考生对本课程基本概念、基本知识和数值计算常用算法设计与分析方法的掌握程度。

2、填空题,约占40%。

测试考生运用数值计算相关基础知识和基本方法,开展计算、简要分析以及求解实际问题的能力。

3、分析、计算题,约占40%。

测试考生综合运用数值计算理论、典型方法解决综合问题,并开展相关计算方法收敛性以及误差分析等能力。

第二部分考察的知识及范围1.误差度量与数值算法设计误差基本概念:误差来源与分类,截断误差、舍入误差、绝对误差、相对误差,有效数字以及数值稳定性。

函数计算误差分析:一元函数误差估计,四则运算误差估计。

数值算法设计原则:简化计算步骤以节省计算量(秦九韶算法)、减少有效数字损失,选择数值稳定的算法。

2.函数的插值方法以及误差估计插值问题的基本概念:插值问题的描述,插值多项式的存在和唯一性,差商、差分的概念以及性质。

拉格朗日插值:线性插值与抛物插值,n次拉格朗日插值,插值余项公式。

牛顿插值:均差的概念与性质,牛顿插值公式及其余项,差分的概念与性质。

埃尔米特插值:两点三次埃尔米特插值及其余项,n点埃尔米特插值,非标准埃尔米特插值及其余项。

分段低次插值:分段线性插值,分段三次埃尔米特插值。

三次样条插值:三次样条函数建立,三次样条插值方法。

3.函数逼近与曲线拟合正交多项式:函数内积、欧几里德范数,正交函数序列,正交多项式,勒德让多项式,切比雪夫多项式。

最佳平方逼近:最佳平方逼近问题及解法,基于正交函数、勒德让多项式、切比雪夫多项式的最佳平方逼近。

最小二乘法:最小二乘曲线拟合问题的提出和解法,最小二乘计算,最小二乘法的应用(算术平均、超定方程组)。

育明考研:中国科学院大学生物学考博信息-考博真题-中科院少干计划考研真题

育明考研:中国科学院大学生物学考博信息-考博真题-中科院少干计划考研真题

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2013年育明教育状元集训营喜报
2013年,一对一学员考研通过率高达95%以上。

2013年,38人夏季集训营20人考上北大,人大,清华,复旦四所名校。

2013年,36天隋Jia lun三跨学生考上北京师范大学。

2013年,育明教育包揽北大金融、行管、新闻、城规等11个专业状元,包揽人大经济学、管理学、法学状元,包揽中财会计、金融状元,包揽贸大金融学、会计学、翻译硕士状元,包揽北外法语、翻硕、高翻、汉教状元。

中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲考试对象报考中国科学院大学各单位(具体指中国科学院所属各研究院、所、中心、园、台、站及校部各直属院系)相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。

考试目的检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。

考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共有五个部分:词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(占40%)、英译汉(占15%),写作(占20%)。

试卷分为:试卷一(Paper One)客观试题,包括前三个部分,共75题,顺序排号;试卷二(Paper Two)主观试题,包括英译汉和写作两个部分。

一、词汇主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。

词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。

共20题。

每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。

要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。

二、完形填空主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。

考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。

要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

三、阅读理解本部分共分两节。

要求考生能:1)掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节;2)进行相关的判断和推理;3)准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义;4)领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。

A节:主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。

考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

B节:主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。

考生须完成700-900词的阅读量(2篇短文),并根据每篇文章(约400词)的内容,从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

四、英译汉要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。

主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思,并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。

2020年中国科学院大学硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题(数学与物理综合)

2020年中国科学院大学硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题(数学与物理综合)

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中科院电子所博士入学考试专业科目参考范围

中科院电子所博士入学考试专业科目参考范围

信号与系统理论 《信号与系统》郑君里编,高等教育出版社
数字图像处理
《数字图像处理》(第二版),冈萨雷斯等 编,电子工业出版社
《传感器技术》张文娜、叶湘滨、熊飞丽、肖 晶晶编, 清华大学出版社
《固体物理学》 黄昆原编韩汝琦改编,高等 教育出版社
《硅微机械加工技术》 黄庆安编,科学出版 社
雷达对地观测理论 《雷达对地观测理论与应用》郭华东等编,科
与应用
学出版社,2000年
计算机算法基础
《计算机算法基础》(第二版),余祥宣等编 著,华东科技大学出版社
固体物理学
《固体物理基础》,阎守胜 编,北京大学出 版社
数字信号处理
《数字信号处理教程》程佩青编,清华大学出 版社
《传感器原理设计与应用》(第四版),刘迎 传感器原理与技术
春编,国防科技大学出版社
半导体器件物理与 工艺 生物传感器
信号与系统
《半导体器件物理与工艺》,施敏 编,苏州 大学出版社
《生物传感器》,张先恩 编,化学工业出版 社
Donald A Neamen,电子工业出版社)
《数字信号处理教程》程佩青编,清华大学出 数字信号处理理论
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《传感器技术》贾伯年,俞朴编,东南大学出 传感器原理与技术
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无线传感器网络技 《无线传感器网络技术》李晓维编 术
固体物理学
《固体物理教程》吕世骥,范印哲编,北京大 学出版社
传感器原理与技术 固体物理学 硅微机械加工技术
电动力学
《电动力学》郭硕鸿编
激光物理理论
《激光原理》周炳琨编
高等物理光学
《高等物理光学》羊国光等编
激光原理
《激光原理》周炳琨编
高等物理光学

姓名方向-中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所

姓名方向-中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所

姓名方向1.包信和(中科院大连化学物理研究所,大连116023)表面化学与催化基础和应用研究2.曹春阳(中科院上海有机化学研究所,上海200032)生物大分子核磁共振3.陈群(华东师范大学分析测试中心,上海200062)核磁共振,高分子物理4.陈忠(厦门大学化学系,厦门361005)核磁共振,物理化学,无线电物理,分析化学,医学成像5.陈金榜(台湾“中央研究院”生物医学科学研究所,台北 11529)生物医学,结构生物学6.庄伟哲(台湾成功大学生物化学暨分子生物学研究所)蛋白质药物设计、蛋白质生物技术、结构生物学7.邓风(中科院武汉物理与数学研究所,武汉430071)固体核磁共振,物理化学8.杜江峰(中国科技大学近代物理系,合肥230026)磁共振方法进行量子计算的实验研究9.贺鹤勇(复旦大学化学系,上海200433)固体核磁共振,多相催化10.洪茂春(中科院福建物质结构研究所,福州350002)无机聚合物材料的合成与性能研究,纳米材料与功能材料研究11.金长文(北京大学核磁共振中心,北京100871)生物大分子核磁共振12.李勇(清华大学化学系,北京100084)物理化学(磁化学、磁共振)13.李晓晶(中科院长春应用化学研究所,长春130022)磁共振成像造影剂的开发及基于NMR技术的代谢组学14.刘扬(中科院化学研究所,北京100080)波谱学与自由基生物物理学15.刘买利(中科院武汉物理与数学研究所,武汉430071)核磁共振波谱学16.刘尚斌(台灣中央研究院原子與分子科學研究所,台北)固体核磁共振17.毛诗珍(中科院武汉物理与数学研究所,武汉430071)表面活性剂18.孙平川(南开大学化学学院材料化学系教育部功能高分子材料重点实验室,天津300071)高分子物理与高分子物理化学19.彭路明(南京大学化学系,南京 210023)固体核磁共振20.王立(浙江大学高分子科学与工程系,杭州310027)高分子化学与物理21.唐惠儒(复旦大学生命科学学院,上海 200433)代谢物结构与性质关系、代谢物组成及变化规律22.王为(兰州大学功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室,兰州 730000)固体核磁共振,物理化学23.王俊峰(中科院合肥物质科学研究院,合肥230031)液体核磁共振技术解析膜蛋白结构的新方法新技术24.吴季辉(中国科技大学生命科学学院,合肥230026)结构生物学,核磁共振波谱学25.夏斌(北京大学核磁共振中心,北京100871)生物大分子核磁共振26.肖立志(中国石油大学地球物理与信息工程学院,北京102249)石油勘测27.颜贤忠(军事医学科学院生物医学分析中心,北京100850)代谢组学及结构生物学28.余亦华(华东师范大学分析测试中心,上海200062)核磁共振技术29.张明杰(香港科技大学生物化学系,香港)结构生物学,生物化学及其分子生物学30.朱广(香港科技大学生物化学系,香港)生物大分子核磁共振31.周欣(中科院武汉物理与数学研究所,武汉430071)磁共振波谱(NMR)与磁共振成像(MRI)新技术和新方法。

中科院遗传所博士研究生入学考试试题

中科院遗传所博士研究生入学考试试题

中科院遗传所博士研究生入学考试试题一九九六年分子遗传学一、请说明高等动植物的基因工程与大肠杆菌基因工程的异同。

什么是当前真核生物基因工程的前沿?你认为当前动植物基因工程进一步发展的瓶颈是什么?(20分)二、在遗传学的发展中模式生物的应用起了重要的作用,请用一种你最熟悉的模式生物,较为系统地阐述应用该模式生物进行研究对分子遗传学的贡献。

(15分)三、从突变产生的机制看能否实现定向突变?试从离体和活体两种情况予以说明。

(15分)四、什么是基因组大小与C值的矛盾?造成这种矛盾的因素有哪些?如何估计真核生物基因组的基因数目?在进化过程中自然选择是否作用于基因组的大小,请阐述你的观点。

(15分)五、水稻黄矮病毒含有负链RNA基因组,在完成对该病毒核衣壳蛋白基因(N)序列测定的基础上,将N 的编码序列置于水稻Actl基因(是一种组成性表示的基因)的启动子下游,经过基因枪方法导入一个水稻的粳稻品种,研究结果表明转基因的水稻植株在攻毒试验中表现出对黄矮病毒的抗性。

请你进一步设计实验,证明以下两点:1.转基因水稻的抗性确实是由于N基因导入水稻基因组表示的结果,而不是在转化过程中由于突变造成的;2.转基因水稻的抗性是由于N基因的转录产物造成的,而不是该基因的翻译产物造成的。

(20分)六、限制性核酸内切酶在分子遗传学中广泛地用于各类研究,请具体地说明限制性内切酶在研究工作中的应用范围。

(15分)1997年博士研究生入学试题分子遗传学(A卷)一、在经过测序获得一个基因组克隆的DNA序列后,怎样才能了解该序列可能具有的基因功能,请提出你的研究方案。

(20分)二、请简单介绍你的硕士论文研究(或相当于硕士论文研究)的工作。

如果这些工作涉及分子遗传学,请提出你深入研究的设想;如果你以前的工作与分子遗传学无关,也请你提出深入到分子水平的设想。

(20分)三、请指出当前阶段基因工程技术的局限性,并分析这些局限性的原因(你能够在人类基因冶疗,动物基因工程和植物基因工程三个方面任选一个来回答,也能够都回答)。

中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理试题

中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理试题

一)20 分写出刃型位错应力场的数学表达式及推导该式的基本步骤(二)15 分推导出位错线元所受作用力的一般公式(三)15 分用位错和吕德斯带的理论来解释发生屈服现象的不同阶段(四)25 分⑴ 简要说明影响置换固溶体固溶度大小的因素。

⑵ 推导D= 1/6 xr a2,并说明其物理意义(五)25分⑴ 马氏体相变的基本特征是什么?用实验现象加以说明。

⑵ 简要说明为什么固态相变时容易在晶界和位错上形核。

一)20 分总结一下为错的类型及刃、螺位错的特点。

(二)20 分①画图说明在结构晶体中的Frank 、shockley 不全位错的形成过程及特点②用位错理论来说明有的材料出现明显屈服现象的本质。

(三)20 分画图叙述马氏体相变的过程及特点。

1998 年春季中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理试题(四)20 分画图说明扩散机制的种类,叙述斐克第一、第二定律并写出数学表达式(五)20 分解释下列名词及公式的物理意义.①门槛值;②0点阵;③弛豫强度;④吕德斯带;⑤理想断裂强度;⑥晶体缺陷;⑦ Cottrell气团;⑧堆朵层错;1998 年春季中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理试题1.体缺陷的分类?结合经历举例说明在实际中的应用?2.晶体中(0 1 0 )面上有平行于y轴的螺型位错,受到Zyx、Zyz、Zxz三种力的作用,那些力能使位错滑动?如何滑动?画图说明运动方式和步骤。

3.固态相变中,新相形核驱动力和阻力是什么?分析温度对形核速度的影响?4.合金从无序到有序态转变时,起点阵的晶体学指标是什么?有序化的驱动力和阻力是什么?5•什么是单晶体滑移的T C (滑移变形临界T C)单晶体滑移和孪生变形方式的差异?6.何为韧性?说明解理断裂的特征?FATT 是什么?如何定义?(FraCture AppearanCe Transition Temperature )7.对于不均匀铸造合金,什么措施会使均匀化速度加快?为什么?8.低碳钢有明显的屈服现象特征?原因是什么?如何消除?试题1.试说明晶体中刃型和螺型位错在结构特征,柏氏矢量,应力场特性,受外力(正应力或切应力)时的运动方式以及滑出晶体后引起的宏观变形等方面有何差异?(151999 年春季中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理分)2.面心立方晶体从高温快冷时,晶内过饱和空位在(111)面上聚集成原子层的空位片,试述此空位片崩塌前后其周界是否时位错线?若是位错线则指出此位错的柏氏矢量,位错类型及其可能的滑移面?3.试举两种你认为能有力支持马氏体相变为无扩散性相变的实验事实?(10 分)4.试述影响一次固溶体中溶质固溶度的主要因素是什么?(10分)5.以AL—Cu合金为例,说明时效过程中的沉淀(脱溶)序列,并说明影响此序列的主要因素?(10 分)6.在同一温度下,铁中铁和碳原子的扩散系数是否相同,并说明原因?(10分)7.试述强化金属材料的可能途径?讨论各种方法引起强化的主要原理?(20 分)8.试述单晶体与多晶体在发生塑性变形时有何差异?原因是什么?(8 分)9.材料的断裂韧性指什么?你知道通常用哪些指标来评定材料的韧性?(7 分)1999 年秋季中科院金属所博士研究生入学考试-金属物理试题1.为平衡点缺陷?如何产生?2.何为为错反应?3.作图说明:刃型为错-螺型位错,刃型为错-刃型位错,螺型为错-螺型位错,位错交割后产生的变化?以后的运动方式,及柏氏矢量的变化?4.扩散的机制分为几类?有一块不均匀金属,加快其均匀化进程的措施?5.多晶体相对单晶体有较高的屈服强度,原因是什么?6.举出四种通过增加空位浓度来促进沉淀析出的实验证据。

中国科学院大学博士招生简章2022

中国科学院大学博士招生简章2022

中国科学院大学2022年博士研究生招生简章中国科学院大学简称“国科大”,是一所以科教融合为办学模式、研究生教育为办学主体、精英化本科教育为办学特色的创新型大学。

2022年国科大共有130余个培养单位(具体指中科院所属研究院、所、中心、园、台、站及国科大所属各院系,下同)计划在哲学、经济学、教育学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学9大学科门类的160余个专业招收博士研究生7000余名(具体以教育部正式下达的2022年招生计划为准)。

一、培养目标国科大招收的学术型博士学位研究生,旨在培养德智体全面发展,爱国守法,在本学科领域掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识,具有独立从事科学研究及相关工作的能力,能在科学研究和专门技术等方面做出创造性成果的高级专门人才。

专业型博士学位研究生,旨在培养满足国家科技创新需求,能够在科学实践中解决复杂工程技术问题,创新工程建设方法,具备组织实施高精尖科技创新工程的能力,能够承担国家重大项目的专业型领军人才。

二、报考条件及要求(一)报考中国科学院大学普通招考的博士学位研究生,需满足下列条件:1.中华人民共和国公民。

2.拥护中国共产党的领导,具有正确的政治方向,热爱祖国,愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务,遵纪守法,品行端正。

3.考生的学位必须符合下列条件之一:(1)已获得国家承认的硕士或博士学位的人员;(2)国家承认学历的应届硕士毕业生(能在博士入学报到时间前取得硕士学位,即2022年9月1日前须获得硕士学位证);(3)硕士学位同等学力人员;其中硕士学位同等学力人员是指:①获得国家承认的学士学位满6年(从获得学士学位到博士生入学之日),达到与硕士学位同等学力。

获得本科毕业证但未获得学士学位证者不予认可。

②国家承认学历的硕士研究生结业生(报名时已取得硕士结业证书且必须已获得学士学位)。

③报名时已取得国家承认学历的硕士研究生毕业证书,但尚未取得硕士学位的人员。

4.身体健康状况符合各培养单位规定的体检要求。

固体物理 中科院历年博士入学真题

固体物理 中科院历年博士入学真题

2001年第二期招收博士研究生入学考试试题第一部分:(共6题,选做4题,每题15分,总计60分。

这部分只能选做4题,如超出规定范围,阅卷时按前4题计分。

)1.写出七大晶系,并指出每一晶系包含哪几种布拉伐格子(Bravais Iattice).2.怎样用能带论来理解导体、绝缘体、及半导体之间的区别?3.简单推导布洛赫(Bloch)定理。

4.对于一个二维正方格子,晶格常数为a,λ在其倒空间画图标出第一、第二和第三布里渊区;画出第一布里渊区中各种不同能量处的等能面曲线;λλ画出其态密度随能量变化的示意图。

5.晶体中原子间共有多少种结合方式?简述它们各自的特点。

6.推导低温及闲暇的热容量表达式(表示为温度、地摆温度、气体常数和必要的数学常数的函数)。

第二部分:(共8题,选做5题,每题8分,总计40分。

这部分只能选做5题,如超出规定范围,阅卷时按前五题计分。

)1. 简述晶体中主要缺陷类型(至少答三种)。

2. 在一维周期场近自由电子模型近似下,格点间距为a,请画出能带E(k)示意图,并说明能隙与哪些物理量有关。

3. 简述大块磁体为什么会分成许多畴,为什么磁畴的分割不会无限进行下去?4. 简述固体中的两种常见的光吸收过程和各自对应的跃迁。

5. 写出相律的表达式及其各参数的意义。

2003年第一期固体物理第一部分(共6题,选作4题,每题15分,共计60分;如多做,按前4题计分)1. 从成键的角度阐述Ⅲ-Ⅴ族和Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体为什么可以形成同一种结构:闪锌矿结构。

2. 请导出一维双原子链的色散关系,并讨论在长波极限时光学波和声学波的原子振动特点。

3. 从声子的概念出发,推导并解释为什么在一般晶体中的低温晶格热容量和热导率满足T3关系。

4. 设电子在一维弱周期势场V(x)中运动,其中V(x)= V(x+a),按微扰论求出k=±π/a处的能隙。

5. 假设有一个理想的单层石墨片,其晶格振动有两个线性色散声学支和一个平方色散的声学支,分别是ω=c1k,ω=c2k,ω=c3k(其中c1,c2和c3(π/a)是同一量级的量,a是晶格常数)。

华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题

华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题

目录2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题 (2)2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题 (8)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(1) (15)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(2) (21)2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案 (28)2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案 (29)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案(1) (30)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案(2) (31)2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题Cloze (1x10=10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Some kids have a hard time 1 to the new freedom that they acquire when they leave high school and come to college. Here you are able to choose 2 or not you want to go to class. However, this responsibility comes with a great price. If you do not go to class, you may miss an important lecture and these are very critical when it comes time for the test that is fifty percent of your grade. With this responsibility I have learned how to manage my time more 3 . 4 hating every minute of school, I value it 5 a time for me to prepare for the big test. This new schedule has also changed me in that now I 6 school is worth my time. I do not dread going to class. Yes, it is boring some of the time but since I only have two to four classes a day for only four days out of the week, it is not as 7__ as high school. Also many of my courses require more in depth thinking. As an alternative to doing worksheets and 8 simple questions, college courses call 9 _ analysis and thought. Almost all of my homework now is writing papers and reading books. These to this routine, I have been able to investigate and recognize meaning more 10 and it has helped me in my thought process.1. A) content B) to adopt C) finding D) adjusting2. A) where B) when C) whether D) if3. A) effective B) efficiently C) effort D) affect4. A) Instead of B) Rather than C) Instead D) Other than5. A) for B) upon C) as D) with6. A) should like B) feel like C) look like D) would like7. A) unpleasant B) pleasant C) enjoyable D) misfortune8. A) answered B) answer C) answering D) to answer9. A) in B) for C) up D) about10. A) likely B) prepared C) ready D) readilyII. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage 1Extremely refined behaviour, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on an a inferior form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behaviour of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. You can easily think of dozens of examples of customs and habits in your own daily life which come under this heading.Etiquette cultivated as an art of gracious living ______.has been typical of rich and leisured societiesadvocates that women are the same as menbegan in nineteenth-century Provencelooks down on extremely refined behaviourThe ideals of chivalry demanded that ______.a knight should never have physical relationships with womena knight should inspire his lady to valiant deedsa knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a womanromantic people should influence literatureThe rules of etiquette in Renaissance Italy ______.were chiefly concerned with the correct use of one's sword or handkerchiefwere practiced by the majority of societydid not apply to a large section of societywere fairly simple to followThe average working man in fifteenth-century Italy ______.spent all his life outdoorsspent all his life in his own poor huthad better social manners than workers todaywas unlikely to have possessed a swordConsideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of giving unnecessary offence to others are ______.the essential basis of all systems of good mannersnot a universal feature of etiquettetaught to the lower classes by the upper classesoften neglected by polite societyPassage 2One day Mr Kerry was walking along the Strand in London, killing time, when his eye was caught by an enormous picture displayed upon the wall of a house. It represented a human figure covered with long, dark hair, with huge nails upon his hands and a most fearful expression. On coming nearer, he heard a man call out "Walk in, ladies and gentlemen, the most wonderful curiosity ever exhibited --only five pence the wild man from Africa -- he eats raw food, and many other pleasing and surprising performances." Mr kerry paid his money and was admitted. At first the crowd prevented his seeing anything, for the place was full to suffocation (窒息), and the noise awful. At last, Mr Kerry obtained, by means of squeezing and pushing, a place in the front, when to his horror, he saw a figure that was far worse than the portrait outside.It was a man, nearly naked, covered with long, shaggy hair, that grew even over his nose and cheekbones. He sprang about, sometimes on his feet, sometimes on all-fours, but always uttering the most fearful yells, and glaring upon the crowd in a manner that was really dangerous. Mr Kerry did not feel exactly happy at the whole proceeding, and began heartily to wish himself outside. Suddenly, the savage gave a more frightening scream than before and seized a piece of raw beef which a keeper extended to him on a long fork. This he tore to pieces eagerly, and ate in the most voracious (贪婪的) manner, among great clapping of hands and other evidence of satisfaction from the audience. "I'll go now," thought Mr Kerry, "for who knows whether, in his hungry moods, he might not fancy finishing his dinner with me." Just at this instant, some sounds struck his ear that surprised him.He listened more attentively and, to his amazement, found that among the most fearful cries and wild yells, the savage was talking Irish. Now, Mr Kerry had never heard of an African Irishman so he listened very closely, and by degrees, not only the words were known to him, but the very voice was familiar, so turning to the savage, he addressed him in Irish, at the same time fixing him with a severe look."Who are you " said Mr Kerry."Billy McCabe, sir.""And what do you mean by playing your tricks here, instead of earning your living like an honest man ""Well," said Billy, "I'm earning the rent to pay you. One must do many strange things to pay the kind of rent you charge."Mr Kerry was walking along the Strand because ______.he had nothing else to dohe was late for an appointmenthe was looking for something to dohe was reluctant to go homeInside the house, at first, Mr Kerry ______.was nearly suffocatedcould see nothingwas pushed aboutcouldn't hear anythingThe wild man gave the impression of being dangerous by ______.the way he movedthe way he dressedthe looks he gavethe cries he madeMr Kerry decided to leave the house because ______.he flt extremely frightenedhe was worried what might happenhe didn't wish to eat with the savagehe feared he might have a heart attackThe wild man surprised Mr Kerry by speaking Irish since ______.he was on show in Londonhe was a primitive savagehe previously spoke gibberishhe was thought to be AfricanPassage 3Having reached the highest point of our route according to plan, we discovered something the map had not told us. It was impossible to climb down into the Kingo valley. The river lay deep between mountain sides that were almost vertical. We couldn't find any animal tracks, which usually show the best way across country, and the slopes were covered so thickly with bushes that we could not see the nature of the ground. We had somehow to break through to the river which would give us our direction out of the mountains into the inhabited lowlands.Our guide cut a narrow path through the bushes with his long knife and we followed in single file. Progress was slow. Then, when we thought we had really reached the river, we found ourselves instead on the edge of a cliff with a straight drop of 1000 feet to the water below. We climbed back up the slope and began to look for another way down. We climbed, slipped, sweated and scratched our hands to pieces and finally arrived at the river. Happily we strode downhill along its bank without having to cut our way. However, after a few miles theriver entered a steep-sided gap between rocks and suddenly dropped thirty-five feet over a waterfall. There was no path alongside it and no way round it.Then one of the guides saw a way of overcoming the difficulty. There was a fallen tree lying upside down over the waterfall with its leafy top resting on the opposite bank below the falls. Without hesitation he climbed down the slippery trunk to show us how easy it was. Having got to the fork of the tree, he moved hand over hand along a branch for four or five feet with his legs hanging in space, then he dropped onto the flat bank on the other side, throwing his arms in the air like a footballer who has scored a goal, and cheerfully waving us on.Having reached the highest point on their route, the travelers expected to be able to ______.A. track animals to the riverB. put away the maps they had been usingC. approach the river from different directionD. get down to the river without much difficulty22.The travelers wanted to get to the river because ______.A. it would lead them to the waterfallB. it would show them which way to goC. it was the only possible route out of the mountainsD. it was a quicker route than going over the mountains23. One reason why the travelers took so long to get to the river was that ______.A. it was too hot to move quicklyB. there was no proper pathC. they all tried to go in different waysD. they could not follow the animal tracks24. The travelers were happy when they reached the river because ______.A. they had a sense of achievementB. the going was much easier thenC. they were eager to see the waterfallD. they knew they were near their destination25. To get past the waterfall the guide had to ______.A. use a fallen tree as a kind of bridgeB. cross the river above the waterfallC. slide down a steep river bankD. swing across the river from a high branchPassage 4Will you be watching 'Horizon' on Monday evening, or is that when you're down at the local HILARY MACASKILL suggests here that tuning in may be advisable.This week's Horizon: How Much Can You Drink Addresses itself to the practical issue of the dividing line between harmless normal drinking and the "serious drinking problem" that troubles an estimated 700 000 people in this country. Too much drinking can have terrible effects on health: in the next 12 months 10 000 people may die prematurely from the effects of drink. Advertisements can no longer characterize alcohol as beneficial. Guinness is not now projected as "good for you". Nevertheless, social drinkers cling hopefully to that scrap of half-remembered research that suggests that a little drink is good for you.Well, perhaps it is. Darts (a game) players can draw comfort from the evidence in the programme that hand shaking lessens after a few drinks. Though it must be added that next day's hand shaking was greater than normal. Moderate drinking, because of the effect of alcohol on the blood, may give some protection against heart disease.But people's bodies vary hugely in their reactions to alcohol. The less fortunate drinkers may get cirrhosis (a kind of disease) of the liver after a far smaller alcohol amount than another drinker.So how much can you drink The answer, if you are a woman, is less that a man. The reason is not another example of rough discrimination but that women, unfair though it may be, are more at risk from alcohol. Doctors recommend a daily limit of six units for a man, four units for a woman.That limit is the aim of those who attend Drink Watchers, formed 18 months ago, which works on similar lines to Weight Watchers. After an initial screening to ensure that they aren't physically damaged by alcohol, Drink Watchers meet weekly to analyze ant discuss the daily records they keep of their drinks. "The aim is to provide a social base as much as anything," says National co-ordinator Geraldine Wilson. "We replace the pub life with a different social life."Enjoying sensible drinking is the goal of Drink Watchers and Geraldine has some useful tips to help people stick to the limit: "Make the first drink a soft one to quench the thirst. Alternate alcohol with mineral water. Put the glass on the table between sips. Distance the glass so you have to make a conscious effort to reach it. Make one drink last 40 minutes. Most important, plan how much to drink in an evening, count the drinks and then stop."26. Based on what do you think this article is writtenA. A magazineB. A newspaperC. A medical journal.D. A TV program.27. Can alcohol ever be good for youA. Yes, in moderate amount.B. No, even in moderate amount.C. Maybe, in moderate amount.D. Never, even in moderate amount.28. How can Drink Watchers help youA. By checking your health.B. By providing social base.C. By helping you cut down on your drinking.D. All the above.29. What do you think the word "soft" in the third line of paragraph 7 meansA. gentleB. non-alcoholicC. mildD. calm30. Which of the following is NOT true according to the textA. 700 000 people in Britain are seriously affected by alcohol.B. 10 000 people are likely to die in the next year because of alcohol.C. Six units of beer for men and 4 units for women everyday is 'safe'.D. Different people react almost the same to alcohol.TranslationSection A From English into Chinese (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from English into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.People could land on Mars in the next 20 to 30 years provided scientists can find water on the red planet, the head of NASA's (美国国家宇航局) surface exploration mission said on September 16.Two partially solar-powered "robot geologists" -- Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs –(机器人地质学者——火星探测漫游者) have been trundling across 3 miles of the planet and into craters since January, beaming back data about the makeup of what scientists believe is Earth's sister planet.1. Asked how long it could be before astronauts land on Mars, Arthur Thompson, mission manager for MER surface operations said, "My best guess is 20 to 30 years, if that becomes our primary priority."The two MER robots, dubbed Spirit and Opportunity, have found ancient evidence that water was once plentiful -- important for scientists hoping to know if there was once -- or could still be -- life on Mars.Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn't unravel."If we cannot find water,it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key," said Thompson, who was attending a mining engineers' conference.2. Such a mission would take 11 to 12 months to get to Mars and it would be impossible to carry enough water for the astronauts, plus the water needed to make rocket fuel for the return journey, to cool the spacecraft and to generate energy.Thompson said scientists had found a canyon on Mars "that makes the Grand Canyon look like a small canyon," where water could still be present."There are indications that there is actually water that seeps out the side of the canyon, and going down the side it evaporates. We believe it's an ongoing process," he said.3. Three satellites now orbiting Mars are constantly gathering information, and Thompson said, "If there is water, we believe the chances of finding life are greatly increased."Section B From Chinese into English (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.自从1843年第一张圣诞贺卡在伦敦印刷,销售以来,公务贺卡已经成为政治家们节日活动中不可缺少的一部分.1. 德高望众的亚伯拉罕•林肯(Abraham Lincoln)是第一位发现圣诞贺卡中蕴藏着政治效力的美国总统,在此过程中,圣诞老人的形象永远留在了人们心中.美国内战期间,奴隶们控制的南方政权与北方的联邦政府相抗衡,当时林肯总统要求政治漫画家托马斯•纳斯特在圣诞老人的画像上配上联邦军队,旨在鼓舞士兵的士气.托马斯•纳斯特是第一个让胖胖的圣诞老人穿上现在看来传统的红色外套和宽大皮带的人.2. 据说看到这个活泼可爱的家伙站在北方联邦军队一边,南方军队的士气大大的受挫.没过多久,他们就战败了.二战期间,同盟国政府同样用圣诞祝词来鼓舞占领区的战士们,幽默的贺卡给战士们带来了充满希望的援助.3. 事实上,正是从这个阶段开始,圣诞节寄贺卡的传统在美国总统中流传起来——至今他们都是世界上最认真的寄卡人之一.Writing(20%)Directions: You are going to write about 200 words on the following topic "Learning is a life-long profession". You are required to write in three paragraphs. Write your essay on the answer sheet.2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Today, the Tower of London is one of the most popular tourist (1) ___ and attracts over three million visitors a year. It was occasionally used as a Royal Palace for the Kings and Queens of England (2) ____ the time of James I who (3) ____ from 1603 to 1625, but is (4) ____ known as a prison and execution place. Within the walls of the Tower, princes have been murdered, traitors (5) ____, spies shot, and Queens of England beheaded. One of the most famous executions was that of Anne Boleyn in 1536. She was the second wife of Henry VIII. He wanted to (6) ____ her because she could not give him a son, so he accused her of adultery. She was tried and found guilty. She asked to be beheaded with a sword, (7) ____ the usual axe, which can still be seen in the Tower. The sword and executioner were (8) ____ over specially from France and with one (9) ____ the executioner cut off her head.The Tower was also the (10) ____ of one of London's most famous mysteries. King Edward IV died in 1843. His elder son, Edward, became king (11) ____ his father's death. Young Edward lived in the Tower, and the Duke of Gloucester, (12) ____ protector, persuaded Edward's brother, Richard, to come and live there so that they could play together. But then the Duke (13) ____ that he was the new king, and he was crowned instead of the twelve-year-old Edward, (14) ____ himself Richard III.After that, the boys were seen less and less and eventually disappeared. (15) ____ said that they were suffocated in bed by pillows being (16) ____ their mouths. It is believed that Richard ordered their deaths, (17) ____ it has never been proved. In 1674, workmen at the Tower discovered two (18) ____ which were taken away and buried in Westminster Abbey in 1678. The (19) ____ were examined in 1933 and were declared to be those of two children, (20) ____ the age of the Princes.1. A. seats B. scenes C. grounds D. sights2. B. until B. by C. to D. at3. A. reined B. reigned C. powered D. controlled4. A. hardly B. little C. best D. well5. A. ruined B. destroyed C. tortured D. wounded6. A. get the worst of B. get rid of C. get the best of D. get done with7. A. apart from B. besides C. together with D. rather than8. A. brought B. taken C. got D. won9. A. knock B. hit C. shot D. stroke10. A. spot B. scent C. place D. view11. A. on B. at C. with D. by12. A. their B. the C. his D. a13. A. announced B. published C. advertised D. revealed14. A. naming B. calling C. declaring D. giving15. A. That is B. This is C. They are D. It is16. A. forced into B. squeezed forth C. pressed over D. put on17. A. so that B. since C. as D. although18. A. skeletons B. boys C. remains D. dead bodies19. A. ashes B. bones C. corpses D. sketches20. A. definitely B. certainly C. roughly D. possiblyII. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneWe all know the situation----a good friend recommends you a restaurant and you are looking forward to a nice quiet dinner, but the meal turns out to be less peaceful than expected as you are joined, in sound, by a number of uninvited guests---- James Last, the Beatles, Mireille Mathieu, Mozart ---- depending on the landlord's fancy. You can count yourself lucky if you happen to like what you hear coming over the loudspeakers. But what about the customers who cannot stand James Last or simply want peace and quiet There is nothing they can do. Radio sets at home can be switched off, but not restaurant loudspeakers. Customers simply become the captive audience of sounds they do not want. Some wine bars in Austria, the home of café music, make a charge known as Schrammelmusik (music cover), which everyone has to pay. But the word is quite misleading ---- payment of the music toll gives no cover ---- quite the opposite.Music has become omnipresent. The selection in restaurants may still be a matter of chance, though it generally reflects nothing more than the doubtful taste of piped-music suppliers. However, in other areas music has long been a means of stepping up profits. An entire branch of industry thrives on this, assembling music by the most sophisticated methods with the customer in mind ---- department store music to produce a demonstrable increase in turnover; office music to improve the working atmosphere; airport and hotel music with its soothing effect; even cowshed music with its impact on milk production.These various forms of music, however different in function, have one thing in common ---- the way in which they are produced. The ancient, venerable concepts of composition and arrangement are naturally ruled out from the start. All musical extremes are deliberately debarred. The music issuing from department store loudspeakers must have a steady volume and avoid sudden effects, notes that are too high or too low and the human voice. With one exception ---- during the Christmas rush children's choirs may be heard encouraging sales by singing 'Silent Night', 'Jingle Bells' and so on.This music is more effective when turned low. The aim of this drizzle of canned sound is not conscious assimilation and it represents something quite new in the history of music. For thousands of years music was made to be listened to. But department store music is meant only to create a warm background. There is no contradiction in the fact that Mozart may sometimes find his way into department store music tapes, though his compositions were not meant as background jingles. But department store wallpaper music is not Mozart ---- it only appears to be. And anything unusual in classical composers, anything that lends character, is simply cut ---- development sections, accents, daring harmonies, provocative instrumentation. All we have left is a melody with no backbone which might just as well have come from a pop-song producer ---- plastic music as it were, whose components all sound exactly the same.The music is not meant to be listened to and that may explain the fact that, while we have associations and action groups against air pollution and the pollution of drinking water, so far no one has got up in arms about damage to our acoustic environment. And so our musical sensitivity will continue to be subtly and gently attacked by the piped music in department stores and offices ---- music which we hear without listening to. Its strategy takes advantage of one simple fact ---- you cannot just close your ears.21. Why does the author describe the customers as a 'captive audience'They usually like the music thrown at them.Because they can't escape the music.He wants to show how easy they are to please.Because they've paid a special charge called a 'music toll'.22. Piped music in restaurants is different from that heard in department stores because ____.it's usually very tastefulit's chosen very carefully by the ownerit tries to create a soothing atmosphereit doesn't aim to increase profits23. According to the writer, what does all piped music always avoidHappy songs.Certain instruments.Children's choirs.Any extremes.24. From what the writer says, it's reasonably clear that he or she ____.loves pop musiclikes music in public placesenjoys classical musicis keen on Christmas carols25. The writer of the passage would probably like to ____.join an 'air pollution action group'get rid of music just in restaurantsstart a movement against 'canned music'make people listen to the piped music in public placesPassage TwoThe teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the development of a literate society. And every teacher, therefore, needs to determine what level of literacy is demanded by society, what role he or she should take in achieving the desired standard of literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in a world context.The Unesco report presents a world view of literacy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the relatively small proportion of illiterates in our own country and fail to see it in its international context.The problems facing developing nations are also facing industrialized nations. Literacy, as the report points out, is 'inextricably intertwined with other aspects of national development (and) national development as a whole is bound up with the world context'. Literacy is not a by-product of social and economical development - it is a component of that development. Literacy can help people to function more effectively in a changing environment and ideally will enable the individual to change the environment so that it functions more effectively.Literacy progammes instituted in different countries have taken and are taking different approaches to the problem: for example the involvement of voluntary non-governmental organizations, which underlines the importance of seeing literacy not as a condition imposed on people but as a consequence of active participation within society. People can learn from the attempts of other countries to provide as adequate 'literacy environment'.Who are the 'illiterates' and how do we define them At what point do we decide that illiteracy ends and literacy begins Robert Hillerich addresses these questions. An illiterate, he finds, 'may mean anything from one who has no formal schooling to one who has attended four years or less, to one who is unable to read or write at the level necessary to perform successfully in his social position.' Literacy, he points out, is not something one either has or has not got: 'Any definition of literacy must recognize this quality as a continuum, representing all degrees of development.'An educational definition - i.e. in terms of grades completed or skills mastered - is shown to be inadequate in that educationally defined mastery may bear only minimal relation to the language proficiency needed in coping with environmental demands. From a sociological / economic viewpoint the literacy needs of individuals vary greatly, and any definition must recognize the needs of the individual to engage effectively and to act with responsible participation.Such a broadened definition excludes assessment based on a 'reading-level type'; assessment must, rather, be flexible to fit both purpose and population.。

各个专业博士入学考试试题整理

各个专业博士入学考试试题整理
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同济大学——专业基础病理2005年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt
武汉大学——分子生物学(专业基础)2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.txt
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人民教育出版社 1979
陆栋, 蒋平, 徐至中编着
Harald Ibach, Hans Luth.
黄昆 着
?
陈世鸿
严蔚敏、吴伟民
?
激光光谱
《原子光谱学和激光光谱学》
《激光光谱学:基本概念和仪器》
?
A.科尼着,邱元武 译
W.戴姆特瑞德着,严光耀 译
?
分子光谱与分子结构
《原子与分子光谱导论》
?
王国文
分子光谱与分子结构:
(1)双原子分子的转动振动和电子态及其光谱;
(2)多原子分子的转动振动和电子态及其光谱;
(3)近代分子光谱技术;
激光物理
《激光物理学》
《高等激光物理学》
《QuantumElectronics》
?
邹英华孙啕亨
李福利
偏微分方程
Partial Differential equation
(Graduate Studies in Math.
AMS 1998
LawrenceEvance
?
泛函分析(一)
《泛函分析讲义》(上册)
Chaos in dynamical systems
?
药物化学
《药物化学 》
人民卫生出版社
姚新生
?
生理学
生理学 第子生物学
现代分子生物学2002年第二版
《基因VIII》(中文版)
高等教育出版社
科学出版社
朱玉贤等
Benjamin Lewin
?
有机化学
《基础有机化学》第二版
《有机化学 》第二版
《概率论教程》
McCraw-Hill Book Company, 1987(有中译本);
上海科技出版社,(1989年第一版)
W. Rudin
钟开莱 着刘文、吴让泉译
?
量子概率
量子随机分析引论
Birkhauser Verlag, 1992
?
?
算子代数
Banach代数在算子理论中的应用(第二版)
Springer-Verlag, 1998.
高教出版社1994(2003重印)
中国科技大学出版社
刑其毅
武振寰
?
高等固体物理
《固体物理学》
Solid-state physics
an introduction to principles of materials science,
《固体物理学》
上海科学技术出版社 2003
Springer-Verlag, 1995
中科院武汉物理与数学研究所博士生入学考试科目及指定参考书
科目
参考书
出版社
编 着
考试范围
高等量子力学
《量子力学》卷Ⅱ
《高等量子力学》
科学出版社
高等教育出版社
曾谨言
喀兴林
?
原子物理
《原子物理学》
?
杨福家
磁共振波谱学
《现代核磁共振实用技术及应》
科学技术文献出版社
毛希安
物理化学
《物理化学》上、下册
武汉大学出版社
?
生物化学
《生物化学》
高等教育出版社
沈同、王镜岩
结构化学
《结构化学基础》
北京大学出版社
周公度
仪器分析
分析化学(第5版)下册
高等教育出版社
武汉大学编着
电子线路原理
《电子线路》
高等教育出版社
梁明理
信号与系统
《信号与系统》
高等教育出版社
郑君里
程序设计基础
《PASCAL程序设计》
《数据结构》
武汉大学出版社
清华大学出版社
北京大学出版社
张恭庆、林渠源编着
?
泛函分析(二)
现代数学物理方法(第一卷,泛函分析)
世界图书出版公司
and
?
复分析
《Real and Complex Analysis》
McCraw-Hill Book Company,1987(有中译本)
W. Rudin
?
实分析与概率论
《Real and Complex Analysis》
?
?
天然药物化学
《天然药物化学》
人民卫生出版社
姚新生
?
统计物理
《热力学与统计物理学》
高等教育出版社2003
马本昆,高尚惠,孙煜
统计物理学部分(热力学不考)
量子化学
《 量子化学 》
科学出版社
唐敖庆
?
非线性动力学
Real and Complex Analysis
Cambridge,1993年
Edward ott
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