大学英语语法精讲与练习.doc

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大学英语语法精讲与练习

1．名词前的单位词（1. 3）

a piece of advice/bread/cake/chalk/work/furniture/cloth/paper/ne ws

/information/evidence/luggage/luck/business

an item of news/information

a drop of oil/water/whiskey

an article of clothing/lu ggage/furniture

a bar of chocolate/soap/iron/gold

an ear of wheat/rice

a loaf of bread

a lump of coal/sugar/clay

a slice of bread/bacon/meat/cake

表示成群的单位词

a flock of birds/geese/pigeons/visitors/customers

a herd of bees/ants/ stars

a pack of thieves/wolves/hounds(

猎狗)

a bunch of keys/bananas/grapes/roses

a bundle of clothes/letters/firewood

a crowd of robbers

2.主语与谓语的一致主

语与谓语一致的原则：

1 ）语法一致

2 ）概念一致：谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，

而不取决于表面的语法标志。

The crowd were fighting for their lives.

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.

3 ）就近原则

Here is a dictionary and a few books.

Only one out of five were present.

符合语法一致的几种情况（ 4 ）

1 ）当主语为单数，虽后续 with, along with, together with, as

well as, as much as, no less than, more than, like,

besides, but, except, in addition to 引导的短语，谓语用

单数。

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent

to help in this work.

Nobody but John and George was there.

The teacher as well as the students was asked to

attend the party.

2 ）主语由“a portion of, a series of, a king of etc.+ 名词”

构成时，谓语用单数。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for

language lab use.

符合概念一致的几种情况

1 ）集合名词做主语时

Our group are visiting the Museum next week.（我们

全体成员）

Our group is assigned to take the first bus.（我们小组）2 ）名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等的复数名词时，谓语动词

采用单数形式

Ten dollars is not enough.

Fifty kilograms is not too heavy to carry.

符合就近原则的几种情况

1 ）由并列连词or, either or, neither or, not only but also

连接的两个主语 .

Either you or I am late.

Not only the students but also the teacher is going

to the film.

2 ）each and each, every and every, no and后 no

续单数谓语动词。

Each book and each pen is found in its place.

No teacher and no student is interested in it.

3 ）“ many a/more than one+ 单数名词做主语时，谓语为单数

形式。

Many a student is having practice in this plant.

More than one student was late for class this morning.

3.形容词

不具有比较意义的比较结构

1) more/rather A than B: 与其说是B，不如说是A

He is rather diligent than clever. 说他聪明不如说他勤奋。

It is even more a picture than a poem. 这与其说是一首诗，

到不如说是一幅画。

2) all the more

因而更加:

That ’ ll make the work all the more difficult.

3) much more 更加，何况

It ’difficults to understand his books, much more his lectures.

4) much less 更不