relationship terminology
语言学应用于翻译
Classification of meaning
• Meaning is broken down into : • linguistic meaning(语言意义), • referential meaning(指称意义), • Emotive (or connotative )meaning(情感或
Nida
Introduction
Eugene A. Nida (born November 11, 1914) has been a pioneer in the fields of translation theory and linguistics. His most notable and most controversial contribution to translation theory is Dynamic Equivalence, also known as Functional Equivalence. This approach to translation aims to reproduce the intention of the original text in the translation, rather than reproducing the actual words of
the level of gender, the level of aspect, the level of semantic fields (跨语言的差异主要集中在一定的语法词汇形式,体现在性 别层面上，形貌层面上和语义领域层面上）
The questions of meaning, equivalence and translatability became a constant theme of
心理学专业名词英语
Psychology Terminology: A Journey Through the Language of the MindThe field of psychology, encompassing a vast array of concepts and theories, is inextricably linked with a rich vocabulary of specialized terminology. This lexicon, often reflecting the depth and complexity of human thought and behavior, plays a pivotal role in facilitating communication and understanding among psychologists and other professionals in the field.At the core of psychological terminology lies the concept of cognition, referring to the mental processes involved in thinking, perceiving, remembering, and understanding. Key terms such as "cognition," "perception," and "memory" form the foundation of this domain, guiding our understanding of how the brain processes and interprets information from the external world.Closely related to cognition is the field of affective psychology, which deals with emotions and their impact on behavior. Terms like "emotion," "motivation," and "stress" are integral to this subdomain, highlighting the intricate relationship between feelings and our actions.Developmental psychology, on the other hand, focuses on the psychological changes that occur throughout the lifespan. Key terms in this area include "child development," "adolescence," and "aging," alluding to the distinct stages and challenges encountered during different life stages.Social psychology explores the influence of social factors on individual behavior and cognition. Terms such as "socialization," "group behavior," and "interpersonal relations" are pivotal in this domain, emphasizing the interconnectedness of individuals within social contexts. Clinical psychology, meanwhile, deals with the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders. Terms like "psychopathology," "therapy," and "diagnosis" are central to this subdomain, guiding practitioners in their understanding and management of mental health conditions. The importance of psychological terminology extends beyond the academic realm. It plays a crucial role in everyday life, informing our interactions, decision-making, and understanding of ourselves and others. By delving into the lexicon of psychology, we gain a deeper appreciationfor the complexities of the human mind and the intricate dance of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that shape our world.**心理学专业名词英语：心灵的语言之旅**心理学领域涵盖了大量的概念和理论，这些理论与一个丰富的专业术语词汇表紧密相连。
医学伦理学专业英语词汇选编
医学伦理学专业英语词汇选编abdominal adj.腹部的abomination n.憎恨, 厌恶, 可憎的事物adjuvant adj.辅佐的n.助理员Advisory adj.顾问的, 咨询的, 劝告的anaesthetist n.麻醉师analgesic adj.止痛的, 不痛的n.[医]止痛剂Artificial insemination 人工授精auxiliary adj.辅助的, 补助的bereaved adj.丧失的bereavement n.(亲人)丧亡chaplain n.(私人、社团、医院、监狱、贵族、私人教堂、军中等的)牧师Chemotherapy n.化学疗法competent adj.有能力的, 胜任的considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的cornerstone n.墙角石, 基础culture n.文化, 文明declaration n.宣布, 宣言, 声明deterioration n.变坏, 退化, 堕落determination n.决心, 果断deviation n.背离discipline n.纪律, 学科v.训练distress n.悲痛, 穷困, 不幸, 危难, 忧伤v.使悲痛, 使穷困, 使忧伤donation 捐献dying adj.垂死的electro-shock therapy n. 电休克疗法，电休克治疗emen n.精液, 精子emotional adj.情绪的, 情感的ethic n.道德规范, 伦理euthanasia n.安乐死exaggerate v.夸大, 夸张expertise n.专家的意见, 专门技术extravagant adj.奢侈的, 浪费的, 过分的, 放纵的facility n.容易, 简易, 灵巧, 熟练, 便利, 敏捷, 设备, 工具Feudal System 封建体系geographical adj.地理学的, 地理的grapple v.格斗hospice n.临终关怀，安息所，养护院hypotonic adj.[医]张力减退的, 低渗的iatrogenic adj.因医生的治疗而引起的，医源性的immunization n.使免除, 使免疫in charge adv.主管, 看管, 在...看管下indelible adj.去不掉的, 不能拭除的infanticide n.杀婴, 杀婴者infertility n.不肥沃, 不毛，不育innovation n.改革, 创新insemination n.授精, 播种integrate vt.使成整体, 使一体化, 求...的积分v.结合Intensive adj.强烈的, 精深的, 透彻的, [语法]加强语气的n.加强器interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译intestinal adj.肠的, 肠内的, (疾病)侵袭肠的ionize vt.使离子化vi.电离Jehovah Witnesses n.耶和华（犹太教神名的基督教读法）作证派Judaism n.犹太教malignant adj.恶性的Medical Ethics 医学伦理学Medication n.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物mental adj.精神的, 智力的methodical adj.有方法的, 有系统的milieu n.周围, 环境monitor n.班长, 监听器, 监视器, 监控器vt.监控v.监控monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者, 专利权, 专利事业morbidity n.病态, 不健全, 发病率normally adv.正常地, 通常地obstruction n.阻塞, 妨碍, 障碍物oncologist n.肿瘤学家，肿瘤医生oncology n.肿瘤学paediatric adj.[医]儿科的, 儿科医学的palliation n.减轻palliative adj.减轻的n.辩解pass on v.去世, 传递passage n.通过, 经过, 通道, 通路, (一)段, (一)节patent n.专利权, 执照, 专利品adj.特许的, 专利的, 显著的, 明白的, 新奇的vt.取得...的专利权, 请准专利personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人, (用复数)诽谤、人身攻击pharmaceutic adj.配药学的, 调药的Pharmacy n.药房, 药剂学, 配药业, 制药业, 一批备用药品Physician/Patient Relationship 医患关系Placebo n.为死者所诵的晚祷词, 安慰剂poliomyelitis n.小儿麻痹症, 急性骨髓灰白质炎Population Policy 人口政策prefer vt.更喜欢, 宁愿Pregnancy n.怀孕psychiatrist n.精神病医师, 精神病学家psychiatry n.精神病学, 精神病治疗法psychogeriatrics [复] n.[用作单] [医]老年精神病学psychopathy n.精神变态, 心理变态psychopharmacology n.精神( 病) 药理学psychotherapy n.精神疗法, 心理疗法psychotropic adj.(药物)作用于精神的radiation n.发散, 发光, 发热, 辐射, 放射, 放射线, 放射物radiotherapist n.放射线治疗医师radiotherapy n.放射线疗法reassign vt.再分配，再指定relief n.(痛苦等的)减轻, (债务等的)免除, 救济, 调剂, 安慰, 浮雕, 地貌respiratory adj.呼吸的reversal n.颠倒, 反转, 反向, 逆转, 撤销Self- Medication自疗seminar n.研究会, 讨论发表会Sex Education 性教育sexual adj.性的, 性别的, [生]有性的Sexually Transmitted Disease 性传播疾病Shinto n.日本之神道教,1945年前为日本国教Situational Ethics 境遇伦理学Social Work Ethics 社会工作伦理Social Worker 社会工作者spina bifida n. 脊柱裂Spiritual Healing 精神康复step back 进入毫无意义的地位Sterilization n.杀菌, 绝育suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为symptom n.[医][植]症状, 征兆take over v.把...从一地带到另一地, 接收, 接管terminal n.终点站, 终端, 接线端adj.末期, 每期的, 每学期的terminology n.术语学therapeutic adj.治疗的, 治疗学的n.治疗剂, 治疗学家transmit vt.传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播vi.发射信号, 发报trauma n.[医] 外伤, 损伤undertake vt.承担, 担任, 许诺, 保证v.采取variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调Vital adj.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的ward n. 守卫, 保卫, 保护, 牢房, 病房, 行政区, 监护, 锁孔vt.守护, 保卫, 防止, 挡住, 躲开, 避免历史上的医学伦理医患关系Physician/Patient Relationship希波克拉底誓言oath of hippocrates严禁对病人的一切毒害和妄为I will keep them from harm and injustice绝对命令Absolute order孔子Confucius孔孟之道the theory of Confucius and Mencius仁Kindheartedness仁爱Love仁爱原则Principle of love人类尊严原理Principle of human dignity儒家伦理The ethics of Confucian school内省Introspection良心conscience道德行为Moral conduct动机说Motivism设身处地Put yourself in his place利益Interests人类生命神圣性sanctity of human life佛教Buddhism日内瓦宣言Declaration of Geneva国际医学伦理规范International code of Medical Ethics医学科研与医学伦理人工授精Artificial insemination世界医学会赫尔辛基宣言World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki纽伦堡法典Nuremberg Code动物实验法animal experimentation研究对象的权利The right of research subjects知情同意the informed consent美国护理学会章典the American Nurses’Association’s code临终病人the dying patient病人的权利Patients’right人体实验human subjects experimentation双重影响double effect临床研究Clinical investigation动物实验animal experimentation精神疗法phychotherapy器官移植organ transplantation人体实验的伦理原则The ethical principle in experiment on human subject 伦理委员会an independent ethics committee公正justice道德权力Moral right动物的权力Animal right胚胎权力The right of human foetus双盲研究Doubleblind Studies不伤害原则principle of nonmaleficence免于受伤害权freedom from harm自愿的voluntary非自愿的non-voluntary人类基因研究与医学伦理人类基因组计划the Human Genome Project基因工程Gene engineering基因诊断Gene diagnosis克隆Cloning体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy性细胞基因治疗sex cell gene therapy治疗性基因治疗treatment gene therapy增强性基因治疗enhancement gene therapy基本原则basic principle医学目的medical motives人道主义humanism基因隐私Genetic privacy基因歧视Genetic discrimination基因治疗Gene therapy价值冲突conflict of value价值主体The subject of value价值客体The object of value伦理价值Ethic value科学自由Liberty of science科学家的社会责任Social responsibility of scientists科学家的权利与义务Right and duty of scientists科学精神与人文精神的结合cooperation of scientific and humanistic spirits 后代人权Right of future generation隐私privacy医疗秘密medical confidentiality尊重病人respect卫生管理与医学伦理伦理问题Ethical issues人口政策Population Policy世界卫生组织World Health Organization (WHO)初级卫生保健primary health care (PHC)卫生政策health policy公益原则The principle of public good平等原则The principle of equity公正原则The principle of justice行善原则The principle of beneficence效益原则The principle of utility差别原则Difference principle自主原则The principle of autonomy行动自主autonomy of action道德规范Moral norms功利主义Utilitarianism经济人Economic person理性选择rational choice利己主义Egoism/Self-love利他主义Altruism帕累托最优Pareto optimality机会平等Equity of opportunity囚徒困境Prisoner’s Dilemma基本需要Basic needs优先原则Principle of priority生物心理社会医学模式biopsychosocial medical model 不对称信息asymmetric information合作医疗制度cooperative medical care system急诊首诊负责制emergency first-visit responsibility公平equity卫生保健health care卫生组织health organization卫生服务health service医院管理hospital management医疗事故medical malpractice医学模式medical model价格歧视price discrimination社会保险social insurance专科护理special nursing全民保险计划universal insurance plan福利welfare合理化rationalization其它安乐死euthanasia临终关怀hospice境遇伦理学Situational Ethics父权主义paternalism人工授精Artificial insemination体外受精external fertilization人的胚胎human embryos代理母亲surrogate motherhood配偶间的试管婴儿test-tube baby by spouse（杨同卫编辑）生育代理母亲surrogate mother不孕Infertility避孕contraception产前诊断prenatal diagnosis生育Procreation生育控制birth control出生率birth rate出生缺陷birth defect存活率survival rate堕胎abortion堕胎避孕药abortive contraceptive发育迟缓intrauterine growth retardation发育能力capacity for growth非婚生子女illegitimate child分娩labor妇幼保健health care for women and child宫内手术intra-uterine operation后代、子孙offspring婚前受孕premarital conception婚前体检premarital physical examination积极优生学positive eugenics计划生育planned parenthood夫精人工受精（同源人工受精）artificial insemination by husband 家庭计划family planning精子Sperm精子库Bank of sperm节育fertility control近亲结婚consanguineous marriage绝育sterilization控制人口population control联体婴儿conjoined twins劳动力work force卵子Ovum消极优生学negative eugenics剖宫产cesarean section or birth弃婴foundling强迫性避孕compulsory contraception人工辅助生殖技术assisted reproductive technology无性生殖Asexual reproduction, also called clone.人口population人口金字塔population pyramid人口理论population theory人口伦理学population ethics人口税population tax人口政策population policy色盲color blindness杀婴infanticide生育观views of fertility生育控制fertility control生育权利fertility right生殖细胞germ cell试管婴儿In vitro fertilization, IVF （test tube baby）收养adoption输精管切除vasectomy输卵管结扎ligation of oviduct围生保健perinatal care围生期死亡perinatal mortality围生医学perinatal medicine卫生人口health population无脑儿anencephalic neonate先天性畸形congenital malformation新生儿安乐死euthanasia of neonate性别监测sex surveillance性别歧视sex discrimination阉割castration严重缺陷新生儿serious defective newborn遗传缺陷genetic defect遗传隐私genetic privacy遗传咨询genetic counseling遗传咨询与保密genetic counseling and confidentiality 异源人工受精artificial insemination by donor (AID).引产induced abortion优生堕胎eugenic abortion优生法eugenics law优生学eugenics早产儿pre-term infant知情同意Informed consent终止妊娠termination of pregnancy痴愚者moron死亡安乐师practitioner of euthanasia安乐术practice of euthanasia安乐死euthanasia安乐死运动euthanasia movement被动安乐死（消极安乐死）passive euthanasia濒死状态near death state病理死亡pathological death道教Daoism持续性植物状态persistent vegetative state.非自愿安乐死involuntary euthanasia腐败putrefaction荷兰安乐死立法legalization of euthanasia in Netherlands呼吸—呼吸作用respiration火葬cremation己所不欲，勿施于人Do unto others as you would have them do unto you 积极安乐死（主动安乐死）positive euthanasia疾病ailments脉搏pulse临终关怀terminal care没有表达意愿安乐死euthanasia without consent脑干brainstem脑死亡brain death脑电图electroencephalogram善终医学palliative medicine生理死亡physiological death生前遗嘱living will水葬water burial死亡death死亡标准criteria of death死亡观perspectives of death死亡过程dying process死亡教育death education死亡控制control of death死亡率mortality rate死亡权利rights to die死亡文明civilization of death死亡宣布declaration of death死亡哲学philosophy of death死亡状态state of death死因顺序ranking causes of death天葬celestial burial瞳孔pupils土葬ground burial文明死亡civilized death无痛致死painless death无痛致死术practice of painless death无伤nonmalefence.心肺死亡标准Cardiorespiratory criterion of death 养老院rest home医助自杀physician-assisted suicide意外死亡accidental death优死euthanasia致死cause of death准自杀para-suicide自然死natural death自杀suicide自杀未遂attempted suicide自愿安乐死voluntary euthanasia尊严死death with dignity。
外企日常工作中常用的英语术语和缩写语
[职位与头衔 Positions & Titles] 公司主要的管理人员有总裁（President）、副总裁（Vice President）、财务总监（Finance Director）、人事总监（Human Resources Director）、市场总监（Marketing Director）、销售总监（Sales Director）、公共关系总监（Public-Relations Director）、法律事务总监（Legal-Affairs Director）、生产总监（Production Director）、质量总监（Quality Director）、工程总监（Engineering Director）、物流总监（Logistics Director）、安全环境总监（）等。小公司里上述总监可能变成高级经理 （Senior Manager)或经理。
[第一天上班 First day of join] 我乘坐公司班车（Shuttle Bus/Commuting Bus）来到公司。先来到人力资源部报到（Register）。我填了一系列的表格（Forms）。我领到了工卡（Badge Card）、餐卡（Meal Card）、员工手册（Employee Manual）、培训手册（Training Handbook）、保险手册（Insurance Handbook）、安全环境健康（EHS-Environment, Health and Safety）手册。公司培训主管（Training Supervisor）为我做了入职培训（Orientation）。我了解了公司的安全须知（Safety Precautions）和紧急疏散通道（Emergency Evacuation Route）。
哲学术语英文
哲学术语英文nature of reality itself. It examines the essence of entities, their properties, and the relationships between them. Central to ontology is the concept of existence, which encompasses both concrete objects and abstract entities. From Plato's theory of Forms to Aristotle's notion of substance, philosophers throughout history have grappled with the nature of existence and the ontological status of various entities.2. Epistemology:Epistemology, the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, explores how we come to know what we know. Derived from the Greek words "episteme" (knowledge) and "logos" (study), epistemology examines the sources, limits, and validity of knowledge claims. It encompasses theories of perception, reason, and experience,as well as debates over the nature of truth and justification.From Plato's theory of recollection to Descartes' methodological skepticism, epistemological inquiry seeks to elucidate the nature of knowledge and the conditions of its possibility.3. Metaphysics:Metaphysics, often considered the most abstract and speculative branch of philosophy, delves into questions of ultimate reality and the nature of existence beyond the physical world. Derived from the Greek words "meta" (beyond) and "physika" (physics), metaphysics explores topics such as the nature of time, space, causality, and the mind-body relationship. It encompasses ontological inquiries into the nature of being, as well as inquiries into the nature of reality itself. From Aristotle's theory of the four causes to Kant's transcendental idealism, metaphysical speculation seeks to uncover the underlying principles that govern the universe.4. Ethics:Ethics, the branch of philosophy concerned with moral principles and values, explores questions of right and wrong, good and evil, and the nature of the good life. Derived from the Greek word "ethos" (character), ethics examines thenature of ethical obligations, the foundations of moral judgments, and the principles that guide human conduct. It encompasses normative theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, as well as metaethicalinquiries into the nature of moral truth and justification. From Aristotle's virtue ethics to Kant's categorical imperative, ethical inquiry seeks to elucidate the principles that govern human behavior and the nature of moral excellence.5. Aesthetics:Aesthetics, the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, explores questions ofartistic expression, aesthetic experience, and the nature ofaesthetic value. Derived from the Greek word "aisthesis" (perception), aesthetics examines the nature of aesthetic judgments, the criteria of artistic excellence, and the role of beauty in human life. It encompasses theories of art, taste, and creativity, as well as inquiries into the nature of aesthetic experience and the relationship between art and morality. From Plato's theory of mimesis to Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment, aesthetic inquiry seeks to uncover the nature of beauty and its significance in human existence.Conclusion:In the vast landscape of philosophical inquiry, terminology serves as both a guide and a challenge. It provides us with the conceptual tools to explore the depths of existence, while also reminding us of the limitations of language and the complexities of human thought. By delving into the rich tapestry of philosophical terminology, we embark on a journey of discovery, seeking to unravel themysteries of the universe and deepen our understanding of the human condition. Through ontology, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and beyond, we continue to explore the essence of existence, striving to illuminate the path toward wisdom and enlightenment.。
跨文化沟通技巧重点总结
跨⽂化沟通技巧重点总结跨⽂化重点总结Chapter1P4MNC: A firm having operations in more than one country, international sales, and a nationality mix among managers and owners.P17Global Economic Systems1.Market EconomyA market economy exists when private enterprise reserves theright to own property and monitor the production and distribution of goods and services while the state simply supports competition and efficient practices./doc/f4bbb571a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2b0.html mand EconomyA commend economy is comparable to a monopoly in the sensethat the organization in this case the government, has explicit control over the price and the supply of a good or service. 3.A mixed economy is a combination of a market and a commandeconomy.(While some sectors of this system reflect private ownership and the freedom and flexibility of the law of demand , other sectors are subject to government planning.)Chapter2P36International jurisdiction: a jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every country has jurisdiction over its citizen no matter where they are located.Doctrine of Comity: a jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that there must be mutual respect for the laws, institutions, and governments of other countries in the matter of jurisdiction over their own citizens.Chapter3P55Ethics: the study of morality and standards of conducts.P58Figure 3-1P62CSR: corporate social responsibility. The actions of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct interests of the firm.NGOs: nongovernmental organizations. Private, not-for profit organizations that seek to serve society’s interests by focusing on social, political, and economic issues such as poverty, social justice, education, health, and the environment.P64Table 3-1: Principles of the Global CompactChapter4P100Culture: acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This acknowledge forms values creates attitudes, and influence behavior.The six features of culture1.Learned. Culture is not inherited or biologically based; it isacquired by learning and experience.2.Shared. People as members of a group, organization, or societyshare culture; it is not specific to single individuals.3.Transgenerational. Culture is cumulative, passed down from onegeneration to the next.4.Symbolic. Culture is based on the human capacity to symbolizeor use one thing to represent another.5.Patterned. Culture has structure and is integrated; a change in onepart will bring changes in another.6.Adaptive. Culture is based on human capacity to change or adapt,as opposed to the more genetically driven adaptive process of animals.P101Table4-1 Priorities of Culture Values: United States, Japan, and Arab CountriesUnited States Japan Arab Countries1.Freedom 1. Belonging 1.Family security2.Independence 2. Group harmony 2.Family Harmony3.Self-reliance 3. Collectiveness 3.Parental guidance4.Equality 4. Age/Seniority 4.Age5.Individualism 5. Group consensus 5.Authority/doc/f4bbb571a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2b0.html petition 6. Cooperation/doc/f4bbb571a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2b0.html promise7.Efficiency 7. Quality 7.Devotion8.Time 8. Patience 8.patience9.Directness 9. Indirectness 9.Indirectness10.Openness 10. Go-between 10.HospitalityP1028 specific examples1.Centralized vs. decentralized2.Safety vs. risk3.Individual vs. group rewards/doc/f4bbb571a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2b0.html rmal vs. formal procedures5.High vs. low organizational loyalty6.Cooperation vs. competition7.Short-term vs. long-term horizons8.Stability vs. innovationP105Values: basic convictions that people have recording what is right or wrong, good or bad, important and unimportant.P108Hofstede’s Culture DimensionsBackground: for one company——IBM1.Power distanceThe extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally. 2.Uncertainty AvoidanceThe extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these.3.Individualism & CollectivismIndividualism: the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only.Collectivism: the tendency of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty.4.Masculinity & FemininityMasculinity: a cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things. Femininity: a cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life.P114Trompenaars’s Cultural DimensionsBackground: 15000 managers from 28 countries1.Universalism vs. ParticularismUniversalism: the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification. Particularism: the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and that something cannot be done the same everywhere.2.Individualism vs. CommunitarianismCommunitarianism: refers to people regarding themselvesas part of a group.3.Neutral vs. EmotionalNeutral culture: a culture in which emotions are held incheck.Emotional culture: a culture in which emotions areexpressed openly and naturally.4.Specific vs. DiffuseSpecific culture: a culture in which individuals have a largepublic space they readily share with others and a smallprivate space they guard closely and share with only closefriends and associates.Diffuse culture: a culture in which public space and privatespace are similar in size and individuals guard their publicspace carefully, because entry into public space affordsentry into private space as well.5.Achievement vs. AscriptionAchievement culture: a culture in which people areaccorded status based on how well they perform theirfunctions.Ascription culture: a culture in which status is attributedbased on who or what a person is.P116Figure 4-8Trompenaars’s Relationship Orientations on Cultural Dimensions 1.Universalism ParticularismUSA, Aus, Ger/Swi, Swe, UK, NL, Czh, Ita, Bel, Brz, Fra, Jap/Sin, Arg, Mex, Tha, HK, Chi, Ido, CIS, Ven2.IndividualismCommunitarianismUSA, Czh, Arg/CIS/Mex, UK, Swe/Aus, Spa/NL, Brz, Swi, Bel, Ven, HK, Ita, Ger, Chi, Fra, Ido, Jpn, Tha, Sin3.Neutral EmotionalJpn, UK, Sin, Aus, Ido, HK, Tha, Bel/Ger, Swe/Arg/USA, Czh/Fra, Spa, Ita/Ven, CIS, Brz, Chi, Swi, NL, Mex4.Specific DiffuseAus, UK, USA/Swi, Fra, NL, Bel, Brz, Czh, Ita/Ger, Arg/Jpn/Mex, Ido, CIS, Tha, HK/Sin/Swe, Spa, Chi, Ven5.Achievement AscriptionAus, USA, Swi/UK, Swe/Mex, Ger, Arg, Tha, Bel, Fra, Ita/Brz, NL/HK, Spa, Jpn, Czh, Sin, CIS, Chi, Ido, VenP119Time: Sequential SynchronousSequential: approaches are prevalent, people tend to do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly, and show a strong preference for following plans as they are laid out and not deviatingfrom them.Synchronous: approaches are common, people tend to do more than one activity at a time, appointments are approximate and may be changed at a moment’s notice, and schedules generally are subordinate to relationship.P122GLOBAL: a multicountry study and evaluation of cultural attributes and leadership behaviors among more than 17000 managers from 951 organizations in 62 countries.P123GLOBAL 9 dimensions1.Uncertaintyavoidance2.Power distance3.Collectivism I: 社会集体主义4.Collectivism II: 组内集体主义5.Gender egalitarianism6.Assertiveness7.Future orientation8.Performance orientation9.Humane orientationChapter 5P1344 predispositions1.Ethnocentric predisposition: a nationalistic philosophy ofmanagement whereby the values and interests of the parent company guide strategic decisions2.Polycentric predisposition: a philosophy of management wherebystrategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the MNC operates.3.Regiocentricpredisposition: a philosophy of managementwhereby the firm tries to blend its own interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis.4.Geocentric predisposition: a philosophy of management wherebythe company tries to integrate a global systems approach to decision making.Globalization imperative: a belief that one worldwide approach to doing business is the key to both efficiency and effectiveness.P1381.Parochialism: the tendency to view the world through one’s owneyes and perspectives.2.Simplification: the process of exhibiting the same orientationtoward different cultural groups.P141HAIRL:Helicopter: the capacity to take a broad view from above; Analysis: the ability to evaluate situations logically and completely; Imagination: the ability to be creative and think outside the box; Reality: the ability to use information realistically; Leadership: the ability to effectively galvanize and inspire personnel.Chapter 6P161Organizational culture: shared values and beliefs that enable members to understand their roles in and the norms of the organization.1.Observed behavioral regularities, as typified by commonlanguage, terminology, and rituals.员⼯⾏为规范2.Norms.3.Dominant values.4.Philosophy.5.Rules./doc/f4bbb571a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2b0.html anizational climate.P164Table 6-1: Dimensions of Corporate CultureMotivationRelationshipIdentifyCommunicationControlConductP167EquityFulfillment-oriented Project-orientedCulture CulturePerson INCUBATOR GUIDED MISSLE Task Emphasis FAMILY EIFFEL TOWER EmphasisPower-oriented Role-oriented Culture CultureHierarchyFamily culture: a culture that is characterized by a strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the person.Effiel Tower culture: a culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on hierarchy orientation to the task.Guided missile culture: a culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality in the workplace and orientation to the task. Incubator culture: a culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality in the workplace and orientation to the person.P174Figure 6-4: locations of international Cross-Culture Interaction1.Domestic firms ⽆2.International firms 出⼝3.Multinational firms 外商直接投资4.Global firms 全球化图下⾯那⼀段话~P175Group multiculturalism1.Homogeneous groups2.Taken groups3.Bicultural groups4.Multicultural groups缺点：1.Overall, diversity may cause a lack of cohesion that results in theunit’s inability to take concert action, be productive, and a work environment that is conductive to both efficiency and effectiveness.2.Another potential problem may be perceptual.3.Still another potential problem with diversity groups ismiscommunication or inaccurate communication which can occur for a number of reasons.4.Another contribution to miscommunication may be the way inwhich situations are interpreted.5.Diversity also may lead to communication problems because ofdifferent perceptions of time.优点1.While there are some potential problems to overcome when usingculturally diverse groups in today’s MNCs, there are also very many benefits to be gained. In particular, there is growing evidence that culturally diverse groups can enhance creativity, lead to better decisions, and result in more effective and productive performance.2.One main benefit of diversity is the generation of more and betterideas. Because group members come from a variety of cultures, they often are able to create a greater number of unique(and thuscreative) solutions and recommendations.3.A second major benefit is that culturally diverse groups canprevent groupthink, which is caused by social conformity and pressures on individual members of a group to conform and reach consensus.4.Diversity in the workplace enhances more than the internaloperations but relationships to customers as well. Groupthink: consensus reached because of social conformity and pressures on individual members of a group to conform to group norms.P178Figure 6-5: Group Effectiveness and CultureHighly Average Highly Ineffectiveness effectiveness effectivenessChapter 7P187Context: information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message.In high-context societies, such as Japan and many Arab countries, messages are often highly coded and implicit.In low-context societies, such as the United States and Canada, message is explicit and the speaker says precisely what he or she means.In high-context cultures, messages are implicit and indirect. One reason is that those who are communicating—family, friends, co-workers, client——tend to have both close personal relationships and large information networks.In low-context cultures, people often meet only to accomplish objectives. They do not know each other very well, they tend to be direct and focused in their communication.By finding out what types of questions are typically asked when someone is contacted and told to attend a meeting.High-context/implicit Japanese Communication Arabs Culture Latin AmericansItaliansEnglishFrenchNorth AmericansScandinaviansGermans Low-context/implicitSwiss Germans CommunicationCultureP189Elaborate to Succinct SuccessIn high-context societies, the elaborate style is often very common. The exacting style is more common in nations such as England, Germany, and Sweden.The exacting style is most common in Asia.The exacting style is more common in low-context, low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures.P201Nonverbal communication: the transfer of meaning through means。
terminology翻译
terminology翻译•n.（某学科的）术语；有特别含义的用语；专门用语•术语学；专业术语；词汇•例句•释义:•全部,术语,有特别含义的用语,专门用语,术语学,专业术语,词汇• 1.•However, the terminology is often used to calculate decibels and measure signal i ntensity on copper, optical, and wireless media.•然而，这术语常常使用来计算分贝和测量在铜质、光学的和无线媒体上的讯号强度。
• 2.•The special terminology understood among the members of a profession, discipli ne, or class but obscure to the general population; jargon.•术语，行话在一个职业、学科或阶层的成员间能被理解的特殊术语，但对一般大众来说却晦涩难懂；专门术语• 3.•At firstglance, the transition from procedural transaction monitors to CTMs seems to be only a change in terminology.•乍一看，从程序化事务监视器到CTM的转变好像只是术语名称改变了一下。
• 4.•The word vintage is copied from its use in wine terminology, as a more elegant-seeming euphemism for "old" clothes.•Vintage这个词是从葡萄酒酿酒的术语中借用过来的（原本意思是“陈年的”），在这里是对“旧”衣服的一个委婉的说法，更具古典气质。
• 5.•It does not cover all aspects of Cake, merely enough to enable beginners to unde rstand terminology they may not be familiar with.•它并不包含CakePHP的所有方面，仅仅是帮助初学者能够理解他们还不熟悉的领域。
数据库原理(双语)-Chapter03
D1
…
D2 … Dn D1×D2×…×Dn
…
m1 m m2 m1 denoted as : The Cartesian product of n sets (D1,nD2, . . ., Dn) is× m2 ×… mn elements elements n={(d1, d2, . . . , dn) | d1D1, d2elementsdnDn} elements D1×D2× . . .×D D2, . . . , or Component(分量) n in D2(D2中任意一个元素) An element in Dn1(Dn1中任意一个元素) An element An element in D (D 中任意一个元素) n-tuples( nDn} the number 2of .elements in1,ad2D2,Cardinality ×D = {(d1, d , . . , dn) | d1D set: . . . , dn元组,简称元组) i=1 i
1. Relational Data Structure
Relation(关系) is a table with columns and rows (二维表). – Only applies to logical structure of the database, not the physical structure (只是逻辑结构而非物理结构). Attribute (属性) is a named column of a relation(关系的列). Domain(域) is the set of allowable values for attributes
Domain Name
postcode SW1 4EH AB2 3SU G11 9QX BS99 1NZ NW10 6EU
y关于x的函数关系英文
y关于x的函数关系英文1. Function -函数。
2. Relationship -关系。
3. Variable -变量。
4. Dependent variable -因变量。
5. Independent variable -自变量。
6. Equation -方程。
7. Value -值。
8. Domain -域。
9. Range -值域。
10. Slope -斜率。
11. Intercept -截距。
12. Exponential -指数。
13. Logarithmic -对数的。
14. Linear -线性的。
15. Quadratic -二次的。
16. Cubic -三次的。
17. Polynomial -多项式的。
18. Rational -有理的。
19. Radical -根式的。
20. Absolute value -绝对值。
21. Minimum -最小值。
22. Maximum -最大值。
23. Asymptote -渐近线。
24. Intersection -交点。
25. Symmetry -对称性。
26. Conic section -圆锥曲线。
27. Transformation -变换。
例句：1. The relation between x and y can be represented by a function.关于x和y之间的关系可以用一个函数来表示。
2. The value of y is determined by the function relationship with x.y的值由与x的函数关系决定。
3. In this equation, x is the independent variable, while y is the dependent variable.在这个方程中，x是自变量，而y是因变量。
4. The domain of the function is the set of all possible x values.函数的域是所有可能的x值的集合。
英语词汇学 章节整理
英语词汇学笔记之-----章节部分2010.1.11===================================第一章1. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. ―woman‖ means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound.3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns）a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d）. Borrowing of foreign language4. Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect，a given book，a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by origin1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1. all national character （most important）– natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animalsaction，size，domain，statenumerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj.2. stability – they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – pastelectricity，machine，car，plane —— now3. productivity – they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer4. polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to anotherto remove5. collocability – quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and otherse.g. heart – a change of heart，a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——1. terminology – technical termsphotoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus2. jargon – specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid3. slang —— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays，Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener，dip，persuadercant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words – only by speakers of the dialectbeauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism – newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions.Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation between notions，words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3）. Native words – are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words，50，000-60，000What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French，Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%）Borrowed words （loan words，borrowing）– words taken over from foreign language. 80%According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing，we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizens – words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus（L）shift，change，shirt，porkcup from cuppa（L）2.Aliens – retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor（F）blitzkreeg（G）emir，intermez，rowtow，bazaar，rajar，status quo3.translation loans – formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1）. Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L）black humor from humor noirlong time no see，surplus value，master piece2）. Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ）lama from lama（Tib）ketchuptea4. Semantic loans – their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dumpnew sassydream old joy and peacepioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering worknew a member of the young pioneerfresh old impertinent，sassy，cheeky++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++第二章1.Indo-European language family （Europe，the Near East，India）Balto –Slavic Indo-Iranian Italic GermanicPrussian Persian Portuguese NorwegianLithuanian Hindi Spanish IcelandiePolish Italian DanishBulgarian Roumanian SwedishSlovenian French EnglishRussian GermanAlbanian Armenian Celtic HellenicIrish GreekBretonScottish2. History （时间，历史事件，特征）1）Old English （450-1150）totally 50，000-60，000 wordsThe 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts，the language was Celtic.The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions.The Germanic tribes called angles，Saxons and Jutes and their language，Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer toAnglo-Saxon as old English.At the end of 6th century，the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary.The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words.In the 9th century，many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English，our daily life and speech.特点：highly inflected languagecomplex endings or vowel changes （full ending）2）Middle English （1150-1500）English，Latin，FrenchUntil 1066，although there were borrowings from Latin，the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.By the end of the 13th century，English gradually come back into public areas.Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin come into English. 75% of them are till in use today.As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.特点：fewer inflectionsleveled ending3）Modern English （1500-up to now）early modern English （1500-1700）late modern English（1700-up to now）The Renaissance，Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the Western world’s great literary heritage.The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization，British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe，thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.After World War II，many new words have been created to express new ideas，inventions and scientific achievements.More words are created by means of word-formation.thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions，and scientific achievements.more words are created by means of word-formation.in modern English，word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% .mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use.特点：ending are almost lost.3. Three main sources new words1.The rapid development of modern science and technology2.Social，economic and political changes3.The influence of other cultures and languages4. Three modes of vocabulary development1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials，namely roots，affixes and other elements. （This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.）2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.（particularly in earlier time）4. （Reviving archaic or obsolete）French 30%，Latin 8%，Japanese Italian 7%，Spanish 6%，German Greek 5%，Russian Yiddish 4%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++第三章1. Morpheme —— A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.）2.Morph—— A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.3.Monomorphenic words – morphemes are realized by single morphs.4.Allomorph——Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality （-s）has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context，e.g. in cats/s/，in bags/z/，in matches/iz/.5. Free morphemes or Free root —— The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences，e.g. cat，walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.6. Bound Morphemes —— The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words，e.g. recollection（re+collect+ion）collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. （include bound root and affix）Bound morphemes are found in derived words.7. Bound root —— A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root，it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example：it conveys the meaning of ―say or speak‖ as a Latin root，but not as a word. With the prefix pre-（=before）we obtain the verb predict meaning ―tell beforehand‖。
心理学专业词汇B
B light source B 光源B reaction B 反应B score B 分数B type B 型B type BMR B 型基础代谢率B type personality B 型人格B.P. 血压babble 咿呀语babbler 说话不清楚的人babbling stage 咿呀语期babe 婴儿Babinsky law 巴宾斯基定律Babinsky phenomenon 巴宾斯基现象Babinsky reflex 巴宾斯基反射Babinsky sign 巴宾斯基症Babinsky Nageotte syndrome 巴纳二氏综合症baboon 狒狒baby biography 婴儿传记baby boom 生育高峰期baby bust 生育低谷期baby farm 育婴院baby talk 儿语babyhood 婴儿期babyish 孩子气的bacchanal 狂饮作乐者bacchant 酗酒的bacchante 酗酒的女人bach 独身男人bachelor 未婚男子bachelor girl 独身女子bachelor mother 独身母亲bachelordom 独身bachelorette 未婚少女bacillophobia 恐细菌症back action 反向作用back breaking 劳累至极的back reaction 反向反应back up data 备查资料backache 背痛backer 支持者background 背景background characteristics 背景特征background checks 背景考核background condition 背景条件background information 背景信息background music 背景音乐background noise 背景噪声background of feeling 感觉的背景background of information 信息背景background reflectance 背景反差background science 基本科学backknee 膝反屈backlash 间隙backrest 靠背backscatter 反向散射backtrack 反退backward acceleration 后向加速度backward association 倒行联想backward classical conditioning 逆向古典条件反射backward conditioning 后向条件作用backward conditioning reflex 倒行条件反射backward curve 反向曲线backward elimination procedure 反向淘汰法backward inference 逆向推理backward learning curve 倒行学习曲线逆向学习曲backward masking 倒行掩蔽backward moving 后向运动backward reading 反向阅读backward shifting 逆转backward transfer 逆向迁移Baconian 培根哲学的Baconian method 培根法bad 恶的bad blood 恨bad language 骂人的话bad me 劣我badger 纠缠badinage 开玩笑badly off 穷的bad weather flight 复杂天气飞行baffle 隔音板baffle 阻碍bagatelle 不重要的东西baggage 过时的观念bagged 喝醉的baggy 宽松下垂的Baillarge bands 贝亚尔惹带Baillarge layer 贝亚尔惹层Baillarge lines 贝亚尔惹线Baillarge sign 贝亚尔惹症Baillarge striae 贝亚尔惹纹Baillarge striation 贝亚尔惹纹Baillarge stripes 贝亚尔惹纹bait shyness 怯饵balance 平衡balance force 平衡力balance frequency 均衡频率balance hypothesis 平衡假说balance of control 控制平衡balance of nature 自然平衡balance of power 均势balance of power 势力平衡balance scale 平衡量表balance test 平衡检验balance theory 平衡论balance type 平衡型balanced bilingual 平衡型双重语言balanced error 对称误差balanced experimental design 平衡实验设计balanced sample 对称样本balanced sampling 对称抽样balanced structural change 平衡结构改变balanced type 平衡型balancing response 平衡反应balderdash 胡言乱语bale 灾祸Balint s syndrome 巴林特综合症Ball Adjustment Inventory 贝尔适应性调查表ball and field test 球与运动场测验Ball and Field Test 寻找失球测验Ballard phenomenon 巴拉德无意识记现象Ballard Williams phenomenon 巴拉德威廉斯现象Ballet sign 巴雷症ballism 颤搐ballistic 颤搐的ballistic movement 冲击运动ballistics 弹道学ballistics 射击学ballistocardiogram 心冲击描记图ballistocardiograph 心冲击描记器ballistocardiography 心冲击描记术ballistophobia 飞弹恐怖症balmy 有香气的baloney 骗人的鬼话balsam 香油balsamic 香料香bamboozle 欺骗ban 禁令banal 平庸的banality 陈词滥调band 带band chart 带形图band curve chart 带形曲线图band movement 带形运动band wagon technique 运用流行思想的宣传术banding 能力分组Bandura s personality theory 班图拉个性理论bandwagon effect 潮流效应bandwagon effect 从众效应bandwagon technique 挟众宣传技术bandwidth 频带宽度bandwidth fidelity dilemma 宽度精确度两难band pass filter 带通滤光器band pass sound pressure level 带通声压水平baneful influence 恶劣影响banish 消除bankrupt 破坏者bankruptcy 破产banter 开玩笑bantering 开玩笑的bar 巴bar 棒bar chart 条形图bar diagram 条形图bar diagram 柱形图bar graph 柱形统计图baragnosis 压觉缺失Barany Pointing Test 巴兰尼指向测验Barany Test 巴兰尼平衡觉测验Barany s sign 巴兰尼症Barany s symptom 巴兰尼症状barbaralalia 异国语言涩滞barbarian 不文明的barbarism 粗暴行为barbarism 非规范语言现象barbarity 残暴barbarize 变得野蛮barbital 巴比妥barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐Barclay Classroom Climate Inventory 巴克雷班级气氛测验baresthesia 压觉baresthesiometer 压觉计bargain for 指望bargaining 协商bargaining theory 谈判理论barium sulfate 硫酸钡Barnum effect 巴奴姆效应baroagnosis 压觉缺失baroelectroesthesiometer 压觉电测计barognosis 辨重能barometer 气压计baropacer 血压调节器barophilic 嗜压的barophobia 重量恐怖症baroreceptor 压力感受器barothermograph 气压温度计barracoon 奴隶集中场所Barret Lennard Relationship Inventory 巴伦二氏关系量表Barre Guillain syndrome 急性热病性多神经炎Barre Lieou syndrome 后颈交感神经综合症barrier 隔栅Barron Conformity Scale 贝伦从众量表Barron Welsh Art Scale 贝韦二氏美术量表barye 微巴baryencephalia 智力迟钝baryesthesia 压觉baryglossia 言语拙笨barylalia 言语不清baryphonia 语声涩滞basal 底的basal age 基础年龄basal age 基准年龄basal body temperature 基础体温basal ganglia 基底神经节basal ganglion 基底神经节basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率basal metabolic rate 新陈代谢基率basal metabolism 基础代谢basal reflex 基础反射basal year level 基础年龄base 基础base component 基础部分base configuration 基础构造base form 基础形式base frequency 基础频率base line 基线base material 基质base of skull 颅底base point 基点base rate 基础比率base rule 基础规则base structure 基础结构base year 基础年龄Basedow s disease 巴塞道病baseline activity 基线活动baseline group 基准组baseline time 基线时间basement effect 底层效应bashfulness 羞怯basiarachnitis 颅底蛛膜炎basiarachnoiditis 颅底蛛膜炎basic acts 基本动作Basic and Applied Social Psychology 基础与应用社会心理学basic anxiety 基本焦虑basic anxiety theory 基本焦虑理论basic body dimension drawings 基本人体尺寸图basic capacity 基本能力basic cells of thinking 思维的基本单位思维的基本单位basic concept 基本概念basic conflict 基本冲突basic contention 基本论点basic contradiction 基本矛盾basic element 基本元素basic energy level 基本能量水平basic fact 基本事实basic feature 基本特征basic form 基本形式basic formal pattern 基本形式模式basic frequency 基本频率basic function of commodities 商品的基本功能basic human right 基本人权basic law 基本法律basic line 基线basic logic 基础逻辑basic meaning 基本意义basic mistrust 基本怀疑basic modal logic 基本模态逻辑basic need 基本需要basic number 基数Basic Occupational Literacy Test 基本职业识字测验basic operation 基本运算basic personality 基本人格basic personality structure 基本人格构造basic personality type 基本人格类型basic principle 基本原理basic process 基本过程basic process of nervous activity 神经活动的基本过程basic representation 基本表示basic research 基本研究basic rule 基本规则basic sentence 基本句子basic skill 基本技能basic solution 基本解basic statement 基本陈述basic statistical method 基本统计方法basic statistics 基本统计basic structure 基本结构basic structure of a subject 学科的基本结构basic symbol 基本符号basic terminology 基本术语basic thought 基本思想basic trust 基本信任basic variable 基本变量basic vocabulary 基本语汇basilar membrane 基底膜basilemma 基膜basioccipital 枕骨底部basis 基础basis cerebri 大脑底basis of calculation 计算标准basis of ethics 伦理学基础basis reference 参考基准basiscopic 下侧的basket 蓝状细胞basket endings 蓝状末梢basograph 步态描记器basophobia 恐走动症basophobia 走动恐怖症basophobiac 步行恐怖者bastard 私生子Bastick s intuition theory 巴斯蒂克直觉论bathesthesia 深部感觉bathmic 生长力的bathmic force 进化控制力bathmotropic 变阈性bathmotropic action 变兴奋性作用bathomorphic 凹眼的bathophobia 望深恐怖症bathyanesthesia 深部感觉缺失bathyesthesia 深部觉bathyhyperesthesia 深部感觉过敏bathyhypesthesia 深部感觉迟钝bathypsychology 深蕴心理学BA TNA 达成谈判协议的最佳选择方案batrachophobia 恐蛙症batrachophobia 蛙恐怖症bats 发疯的battarism 口吃battered child syndrome 被虐儿童综合症battery of tests 成套测验battle fatigue 战争神经症Battley s sedative 巴特利镇静剂bawdry 淫乱Bayesian analysis 贝叶斯分析Bayesian inference 贝叶斯推论Bayesian statistic 贝叶斯统计Bayes s estimator 贝叶斯估计量Bayes s theorem 贝叶斯定理Bayley Scales 贝氏量表Bayley Scales of Infant Development 贝氏婴儿发展量表Bayle s disease 贝尔病BBB 血脑屏障血脑屏障BBT 基础体温beam 光束beamy 放光的bear with 忍受Beard s disease 神经衰弱bearing capacity 承载能力bearing down 下坠力bearish 粗鲁的beastliness 兽性beastly 残忍的beat 拍beat generation 美国“垮了的一代”美国“垮了的一代”beat of pulse 脉搏beaten 筋疲力尽的beating fantasy 毒打幻想beat frequency oscillator 节拍器beat tone 拍音beauty 美beauty of art 艺术美beauty of behavior 行为美beauty of defect 缺陷美beauty of environment 环境美beauty of human body 人体美beauty of human society 人类社会美beauty of language 语言美beauty of mind 心灵美beauty of nature 自然美beauty of neutrality 中和美beauty of silence 无言美beauty of staunchness 刚性美Bechterev technique 别赫切列夫法Bechterev s nucleus 别赫切列夫核Bechterev s nucleus 前庭神经上核Beck Depression Inventory 白氏抑郁症量表Becker Test 贝克尔试验Beckman thermometer 贝克曼氏温度计贝克曼氏温度计beckon 召唤bedevil 折磨bedevilment 着魔bedfast 卧床不起bedim 模糊不清bedlamism 疯狂状态bedlamite 精神病患者bedrid 卧床不起bedridden 卧床不起bed wetting 遗尿Beevor s sign 比佛症befit 适合before after design 事前事后设计前後设计法before after experiment 事前事后测验befoul 污蔑beginning of personality 人格起源beginning psychology 早期心理学behavior 行为behavior act 行为动作behavior adaptation 行为适应behavior adjustment 行为适应behavior analysis 行为分析Behavior and Philosophy 行为与哲学behavior assumption 行为假定behavior biology 行为生物学behavior case study 行为事例研究法behavior chain 行为连锁behavior chaining 行为连锁化behavior change 行为变化behavior characteristics 行为特征behavior check list 行为检核表behavior component 行为成分behavior contagion 行为感染behavior contract 行为契约behavior control 行为控制behavior control power 行为控制力behavior description 行为描述behavior determinant 行为定因behavior disorder 行为障碍behavior disposition 行为意向behavior dynamics 行为动力学behavior ecology 行为生态学behavior emergence 行为显现behavior engineering 行为工程学behavior environment 行为环境behavior feedback 行为反馈behavior field 行为场behavior genetics 行为遗传学behavior gradient 行为梯度behavior homology 行为同源behavior integration 行为整合behavior interaction 行为相互作用behavior level 行为水平behavior measure 行为测量behavior medicine 行为医学behavior method 行为研究法behavior modification 行为矫正behavior observation 行为观察behavior observation scales 行为评定量表Behavior Observation Survey 行为观察调查表behavior of men 人类行为behavior patter 行为模式behavior patter in old age 老年期的行为模式behavior potential 行为势能behavior problem 行为问题behavior psychology 行为心理学behavior rating 行为评定法Behavior Rating Instrument for Autistic and Other Atypical Children 孤独和反常儿童行为评定工具behavior rating schedule 行为评定表behavior reaction 行为反应behavior record 行为记录behavior reflex 行为反射Behavior Research and Therapy 行为研究与治疗behavior rigidity 行为僵化behavior sampling 行为抽样behavior segment 行为片段behavior setting 行为定势behavior shaping 行为塑造behavior socialization 行为社会化behavior space 行为空间behavior system 行为系统behavior theory 行为理论Behavior Therapy 行为疗法behavior therapy groups 行为治疗团体行为治疗团体behavior transfer 行为转移behavior type 行为类型behavior unit 行为单元behavioral 行为的behavioral analysis of society 社会的行为分析Behavioral Anchored Rating Scale 行为定位评价量表behavioral and learning principles 行为与学习原则behavioral competence 行为能力behavioral component 行为性成分behavioral concept 行为概念behavioral constraint model 行为受限模型behavioral contrast 行为反差behavioral counseling 行为咨询behavioral decision theory 行为决策理论behavioral dimorphism 行为二形性behavioral disposition 行为意向behavioral ecology 行为生态学behavioral engineering 行为工程学behavioral environment 行为环境behavioral equivalence 行为等值behavioral expression 行为表现behavioral facilitation 行为便利化behavioral genetics 行为遗传学behavioral indicator 行为指标behavioral intention 行为意向behavioral learning model 行为学习模式行为学习模式behavioral measure 行为测量behavioral medicine 行为医学behavioral model 行为模式behavioral motive 行为动机Behavioral Neuroscience行为神经科学behavioral norms 行为规范behavioral objective 行为目标behavioral pattern 行为模式behavioral pattern theories 行为模式理论behavioral phase 行为阶段behavioral psychology 行为主义心理学行为主义心理学behavioral psychotherapy 行为心理治疗行为心理治疗法behavioral school 行为学派behavioral science 行为科学behavioral scientific decision model 行为科学的决策模式behavioral scientific decision rule 行为科学的决策规则behavioral scientist 行为科学家behavioral sink 行为的沉沦behavioral stimulus field 行为刺激场behavioral styles theory 行为类型理论行为类型理论behavioral taxonomy 行为分类学behavioral techniques 行为技术behavioral theories of leadership 领导的行为理论behavioral theories of learning 学习的行为理论behavioral theory 行为理论behavioral trait 行为特性behavioral unity 行为统一behavioral pattern theories of leadership 领导的行为模式理论behaviorism 行为主义behaviorist 行为主义者behavioristic 行为主义的behavioristic approach 行为主义方法behavioristic psychology 行为主义心理学behavioristic resistance 行为阻力behavioristics 行为学behavior mapping 行为区划behind conditioned reflex 错后条件反射错後制约反射Behn Rorschach Test 贝罗测验beholder 观看者being 存在being and becoming 存在和生成being and freedom 存在和自由being and meaning 存在与意义being and not being 有与无being and time 存在与时间being cognition 存在认知being fond of learning 好学being love 存在之爱being motivation 存在动机being need 存在需求being value 存在价值beingless 不存在的beingless 无实在性being beyond the world 超现实存在being for itself 自为之有being for self 自为存在being imitated effect 受模仿效应being in itself 实在本身being in the world 现实中存在Bekesy audiometry 贝克赛测听法Bekhterev technique 别赫捷列夫法Bekhterev Test 别赫捷列夫试验Bekhterev s layer 别赫捷列夫层Bekhterev s nucleus 前庭神经上核Bekhterev s reflex 别赫捷列夫反射Bekhterev s symptom 面肌麻痹bel 贝尔bel esprit 才子belabor 痛打belief 信念belief and worship 信仰与崇拜belief systems 信仰体系belief value matrix 信念价值方阵believe 信任believing and necessity 信仰与需要belittle 贬低Bell Adjustment Inventory 贝尔适应量表belladonna 颠茄belle indifference 泰然淡漠Bellevue Scale 贝尔夫智力量表belligerence 好战性bellow 吼叫belly laugh 捧腹大笑Bell s law 贝尔定律Bell s mania 急性谵妄Bell s nerve 胸长神经Bell s palsy 贝尔麻痹Bell s phenomenon 贝尔现象Bell Magendic law 贝马神经运动感知定律bell shaped 钟形bell shaped curve 钟形曲线bell shaped distribution 钟形分布bell shaped symmetrical curve 钟形对称曲线belonephobia 尖物恐怖症belonephobia 恐针症belonging 隶属belonging need 从众需要belonging need 归属需要belongingness 从众性belongingness 归属感belongingness and love need 归属与相爱需要belonoskiascopy 针形检影法bemoan 悲叹Benary effect 贝纳瑞效应bench height 工作台高度benchmark 基准benchmark data 基准数据benchmark program 基准程序benchmark system 基准系统Bender Gestalt Test 本德尔格式塔测验班达完形测验Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test 本德尔视觉动作完形测验beneath contempt 卑鄙之极beneath notice 不值得注意的beneceptor 良性感受器Benedikt s syndrome 本尼迪克特综合症benefaction 善行benefit 利益benevolence 仁爱benevolent authoritative management 恩威式管理Benham top 贝汉圆板benign psychosis 良性精神病benignity 慈祥Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test 贝纳特机械理解测验Bennett Test 贝纳特大学智力测验benny 安非他明片Benton Visual Retention Test 本顿视觉保持测验benumb 使僵化berate 训斥bereavement 丧亲之哀bereavement and mourning reaction 居丧反应Berger rhythm 贝格尔节律Berger rhythm 甲种脑电波Bergeron s chorea 贝尔热隆病Berger s paresthesia 贝格尔感觉异常柏格感觉常Berger s sign 贝格尔症Berger s symptom 贝格尔症状Bergmann s cells 贝格曼细胞Bergmann s cords 第四脑室髓纹Bergmann s fibers 贝格曼纤维Bergsonian 柏格森派Bergsonism 柏格森主义Bergson s doctrine of duration 柏格森的绵延说Berkeleian 贝克莱派Berkeleian idealism 贝克莱派唯心主义贝克莱派唯心主义Berkeleianism 贝克莱主义Berkeley s theory of vision 贝克莱视觉说Berlin s disease 视网膜震荡Bernheimer s fibers 伯恩海默纤维Bernreuter Personality Inventory 本罗特人格量表berserk fury 暴怒berserker 狂暴的人beseech 恳求besetment 困扰beshrew 诅咒beside oneself with joy 欣喜若狂besmirch 沾污best allocation 最佳配置best estimate 最佳推算数best estimator 最佳估计量best fit 最佳配合best in quality 品质优良best linear unbiased estimator 最佳线性不偏估计量best test 最佳检验bestiality 兽恋症bestiality 兽性bestow 赠给best answer test 选答测验beta coefficient β系数beta distribution β分布Beta Examination β智力测验beta hypothesis β假说beta model β模式beta motor neuron β运动神经元beta movement β似动现象beta movement β运动beta particle β粒子beta ray β射线beta receptor β受体beta response β节律beta value β值beta wave β波beta wave 乙型波beta binomial models β二项式模式beta fiber β纤维beta receptor β肾上腺受体betrayal 背叛行为bettered child 被虐儿童bettered child syndrome 被虐儿童综合症bettered wife 被虐妻子betterment 改善betterness 优等better off 境况较好between group design 组间设计between group variable 组间方差between word spacing 字间距betweenbrain 间脑betweenness 中间性between Ss design 组间法between subjects design 被试者间设计被试者间设计between subjects variance 被试者间方差Betz cell area 贝兹细胞区Betz cells 贝兹细胞bewail 悲叹beware 谨防bewilderment 迷惑状态bewitch 蛊惑bewitchment 被蛊惑bewray 泄露Bezold s color mixing effect 贝措尔德混色效应Bezold s ganglion 贝措尔德神经节Bezold s triad 贝措尔德三症Bezold Brucke effect 贝勃效应Bezold Brucke phenomenon 贝勃色觉现象Bezold Brucke shift 贝勃转移bhang 印度大麻bi serial 双列Bianchi s syndrome 比昂基综合症bias 偏差bias 偏向biased choice 偏见选择biased error 偏误biased estimator 有偏估计量biased group 选择组biased result 有偏结果biased sample 偏性样本biased sampling 偏性抽样biased statistic 有偏统计量bibber 酒鬼bibliofilm 图书缩微胶片Bibliographic Guide to Psychology 心理学文献指南bibliography 文献目录bibliomania 藏书癖bibliophilism 爱书癖bibliophilism 藏书家bibliophobia 恐书症bibliotherapy 读书疗法bicameral 两腔的Bichat s canal 大脑大静脉Bichat s fissure 大脑横裂Bichat s foramen 蛛网膜孔bicker 争吵bicoordinate navigation 双坐标导航bicycle ergometer 自行车测力计Bidder s ganglion 比德尔神经节bidding 命令Biedl s disease 比德尔病Biedl s syndrome 比德尔综合症Bielschowsky s method 比尔肖夫斯基法比尔肖夫斯基法Bielschowsky Jansky disease 晚期婴儿型家族性黑蒙性痴呆Biernacki s sign 别尔纳茨基症bifactor theory of conditioning 条件反射二因素说bifuration 分支亲系bifurcate 两枝的bifurcation point 分歧点bifurcation problem 分歧问题bifurcation theory 分歧理论big business 大企业big cheese 粗鲁男子big mouth 多话的人bigamist 犯重婚罪者bigamy 重婚bigot 抱偏见的人bigotry 偏执bilateral 两侧的bilateral cooperative model of reading 阅读的双边协作模式bilateral descent 双亲遗传bilateral power relationship 双方分权关系bilateral summation 两侧积累bilateral symmetry 两侧对称bilateral transfer 两侧性迁移bilateral transfer 左右迁移bilateral type 两侧对称式bilateralism 两侧对称bilaterality 两侧对称bilaterally symmetrical 两侧对称的bile 胆液bilineurine 胆碱bilingual 双重语言的bilingual children 双语儿童bilingual distribution 双语分布bilingual education 双语教育bilingual interference 双语阻扰bilingual society 双语社会bilingualism 双语制bilingualism 双重语言bilious 暴躁的bilious 胆汁的bilious temperament 胆汁质bilis 胆汁bimanual synergia 双手协同运动bimodal 双峰的bimodal curve 双峰曲线bimodal distribution 双峰分配bimodality 双峰性binac 二进制自动计算机binary 二进制的binary arithmetic 二进制算术binary bit 二进位binary cell 二进制单位binary digits 二进位数binary information 二进制信息binary internal number base 内二进制数基binary number 二进制数binary signal 二进制信号binary word 二进制字binaural 双耳的binaural fusion 双耳融合binaural hearing 双耳听觉binaural interaction 双耳相互作用binaural phase difference 双耳相位差binaural ratio 双耳比例binding energy 结合能bindle stiff 流浪汉Binet Simon Intelligence ScaleBinet class 比内班Binet laboratory 比内实验室Binet Scale 比内量表Binet Test 比内测验Binetgram 比内量表图解Binet Simon classification 比内西蒙分类Binet Simon Scale of Intelligence 比内西蒙智力量表Binet Simon Test 比内西蒙测验binocular 双眼的binocular accommodation 双眼调节binocular cell 双眼性细胞binocular color mixture 双眼混色binocular colormixture 双眼色混合binocular contrast 双眼对比binocular cues 双眼线索binocular depth perception 双眼深度知觉binocular diplopia 双眼复视binocular disparity 双眼像差binocular fixation 双眼注视binocular flicker 双眼集中binocular fusion 双眼视像融合binocular information 双眼信息binocular luster 双眼光泽现象binocular matching 双眼调节binocular parallax 双眼视差binocular perception 双眼知觉binocular perspective 双眼透视binocular rivalry 双眼竞争binocular stereopsis 双眼实体视觉binocular summation 双眼总和binocular synergy 双眼共同运动binocular vision 双眼视觉binomial 二项式binomial coefficient 二项系数binomial distribution 二项分布binomial group testing 二项分组测验法二项分组测验法binomial theorem 二项式定理binomial variable 二项变量binophthalmoscope 双目检眼镜binoscope 双目单视镜Binswanger dementia 宾斯万格痴呆Binswanger encephalitis 宾斯万格脑炎宾斯万格脑炎bioassay 生物鉴定biobalance 生物平衡biocenology 生物群落学biocenose 生物群落biocenosis 生物群落biochemical defect 生化缺陷biochemical energy 生化能biochemical engineering 生化工程biochemical evolution 生化进化biochemical genetics 生化遗传学biochemical mechanism 生化机制biochemist 生物化学家biochemistry 生物化学biochemorphology 形态生物化学bioclimatology 物候学biocoenology 生物群落学biocoenosis 生物群落biocybernetics 生物控制论biocycle 生活周期biodynamics 生物动力学bioecology 生物生态学bioelectric current 生物电流bioelectric potential 生物电位bioelectricity 生物电bioelectrogenesis 生物电发生bioelement 生物元素bioenergetics 生物能量学bioengineering 生物工程学bioethics 生物伦理学biofeedback 生物反馈biofeedback therapy 生物反馈疗法biofeedback training 生物反馈训练biogenesis 生源说biogenetic law 生物发生原则biogenic 生源的biogenic amine 生物胺biogenic amine hypothesis of depression 抑郁症的生物胺假说biogenic motive 生物发生动机biogenic succession 生物进化演替biogenous 生物发生的biogeochemistry 生物地球化学biogeography 生物地理学biograph 生物运动描记器biographer 传记作者biographical characteristics 传记特点biographical data 传记式资料biographical inventory 传记式量表Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验biographical method 传记法biographical study 传记研究biographical type case study 传记式个案研究biography 传记biokinetics 生物运动学biolinguistics 生物语言学biologic therapy 生理疗法biological aging 生物性老化biological anthropology 生物人类学biological balance 生态平衡biological clock 生物钟biological cycle 生物周期biological determinism 生物决定论biological drive 生物性驱力biological engineering 生物工程学biological gratification 生物满足biological heritage 生理承袭biological imperative 生理的必然性biological intelligence 生理智力biological memory 生物性记忆biological motivation 生物性动机biological motive 生物性动机biological nature of man 人的生物性biological need 生理需要biological rhythm 生物节律biological school in crimin 犯罪生物学派biological sex difference 生物性别差异生物性别差biological tendency 生物倾向biological theory 生物学理论biological theory of sex type 性别类型的生物学理论biologicalization 生物学化biologism 生物学主义biologist 生物学家biologos 生物活力biology 生物学biomathematics 生物数学biome 生物群落biomechanics 生物力学biomechanism 生物机械论biomedical engineering 生物医学工程学生物医学工程学biomedical model 生物医学模式biomedical therapy 生物医学疗法biomedicine 生物医学biometeorology 生物气象学biometric 生物计量的biometric procedure 生物统计法biometrics 生物计量学biometrics method 生理计量法biometry 生物统计学biomophic 生物形态的bionergy 生命力bionics 仿生学bionomic 生态的bionomic factor 生态因素bionomics 生态学bionomy 生命规律学bionomy 生态学bionuclenonics 生物核子学biophilia 生物自卫本能biophotometer 光度适应计biophysical intervention 生物物理干涉生物物理干涉biophysicist 生物物理学家biophysics 生物物理学bioplasm 原生质biopoiesis 生命自生bioprogram language 生物程序语言biopsychic 生物心理的biopsychology 生物心理学biopsychosocial medical model 生物心理社会医学模式biopsychosocial model 生物心理社会模式bioreactor 生物反应器bioreversible 生物可逆的biorgan 生理器官biorhythm 生物节律bios 生物活素类biosensor 生理传感器biosis 生命现象biosocial 生物社会的biosocial approach 生物社会性研究方法biosocial environment 生物社会环境biosocial psychology 生物社会心理学biosocial theory 生物社会论biosphere 生物圈biostatics 生物静力学biostatistician 生物统计学家biostatistics 生物统计学biotaxy 生物分类学biotechnology 生物技术学biotelemetry 生物遥测法biotic community 生物共同体biotic energy 生命力biotic environment 生物环境biotic experiment 生物实验biotic influence 生物影响biotics 生命学biotomy 生物解剖学biotype 生物类型biotypology 生物属型学bio acoustics 生物声学bio clock 生物钟bio ecology 生物生态学bio electricity 生物电bio electrochemistry 生物电化学bio energetics 生物能学bio engineering 生物工程bio information 生物信息bio medical model 生物医学模式biparental 双亲的biparental inheritance 双亲遗传biphasic 两相的biphasic symptom 两相症状bipolar 双极的bipolar adjective scale 双极形容词量表双极形容量表bipolar affective disorder 两极性情绪紊乱bipolar affective psychosis 两极情感性精神病bipolar cell 双极细胞bipolar cell layer 双极细胞层bipolar depression 两极型忧郁症bipolar disorder 两极型异常bipolar lead 双极导出bipolar nerve cell 双极神经细胞bipolar neuron 双极神经元bipolar rating scale 两极式评定量表bipolarity 两极性bipolarity of affective 情感两极性bipolarity of feeling 情感两极性bipotentiality 双潜能bipotentiality of the gonad 生殖腺两性潜能birth 分娩birth adjustment 出生顺应birth age specific 年龄别出生率birth age marital 年龄婚龄别出生率birth cohort 出生组birth control 节制生育birth differential 级差的出生率birth injury 产伤birth intrinsic 固定人口出生率birth nuptial 婚姻出生率birth order 出生次序birth place population 出生的人口birth planned 计划出生率birth process 出生过程birth rate 出生率birth specific 类别出生率birth stable rate 稳定出生率birth standardized 标准化出生率birth statistics 出生统计birth symbolism 出生表象birth total 合计出生率birth trauma 产伤birth trauma 出生创伤birthright 生来就有的权利birth and death process 出生死亡过程出生死亡历程bisect 分开bisected brain 分裂脑bisection 平分bisector 平分线bisectrix 等分角线biserial 双数列的biserial coefficient 双数列系数biserial coefficient of correlation 双列相关系数biserial correlation 二列相关biserial correlation 双列相关biserial correlation coefficient 双列相关系数biserial ratio of correlation 双数列相关比bisexual libido 两性欲力bisexuality 两性俱有Bishop s sphygmoscope 毕晓普脉搏检视器bit 比特bit 二进制位bit combination 位组合bit of information 信息单位bit per second 每秒比特bit site 数位位置bit time 一位时间bitter 苦bitterness 苦味bivalent releaser 二价释放刺激bivariate 双变量的bivariate analysis 双变量分析bivariate correlation 双变量相关bivariate distribution 二元分布bivariate frequency table 双变量次数表双变项次数表bivariate normal distribution 双变量正态分布bizarre delusion 怪异妄想bizarre experience 奇异经验bizarre image 怪诞意象bi directional goal gradient 双向目标梯度bi directional movement 双向移动bi directional replication 二向复制bi modality 双通道blabber 喋喋不休的人black 黑black box 暗箱black box 黑匣子black box theory 黑箱理论black despair 绝望black in the face 脸色发紫black light 黑线black out 撤光black propaganda 暗宣传blackbox 暗箱blackbox theory 暗箱说blackdamp 窒息性空气blackguard 恶棍blackguardism 恶棍行为blackmail 敲榨blackout 黑视blackout 昏厥blackout threshold 失觉阈限Blacky Pictures 布莱克漫画测验Blacky Test 布莱克测验black box organization model 黑箱组织模型black box paradigm 黑箱范式bladder 膀胱bladder control 膀胱控制bladder training 排尿训练blah 废话Blake s disks 布莱克盘blame 责备blank experiment 插入实验blank experiment 空白实验blank field effect 空虚视野效应blank instruction 空白指令blank trial 空白练习blarney 奉承话blase 厌于享乐的blaspheme 辱骂blasphemer 辱骂者blast 胚叶blastocyte 胚细胞blastomere 裂球blastophyly 种族史blastoprolepsis 发育迅速blastula 囊胚blather 胡说bleaching 漂白blemish 污点blench 退缩blend 混合blepharism 脸痉挛blepharoplegia 脸瘫痪blight 使失望blind 盲点blind action 盲动blind alley 盲路blind alley job 盲目职业blind analysis 匿情分析blind child 盲童blind path 盲路blind positioning movement 盲目定位动作blind research procedure 保密研究法blind spot 盲点blinder 障眼物blinding glare 失明眩光blindism 盲人主义blindman 盲人blindman s buff 捉迷藏blindness 盲blink 瞬目blink rate 眨眼率blink reflex 眨眼反应blinker 闪光警戒标blinking 瞬目blinking coding 闪烁编码blinking light 闪光信号灯blinkpunkt 注视点blink eyed 习惯性眨眼blob 模糊的东西Bloch s law 布洛奇法则block 区block 阻断block access 字组存取block building 积木block chart 方块图block code 分组码block design 分组实验设计block design 区组设计block diagram 直方图block encoding 分块编码block sample 区域样本block sampling 区域抽样block search 分批试验法Block Situation Test 积木情境测验block system 区划法block variable 集区变量blockade 阻滞blocked goal 目标阻滞blocker 阻断剂blockette 数字组blockette 子信息块blocking 阻滞blocking antibody 抑制性抗体blocking of affect 情感阻滞。
数学专有名词英文
数学专业英语词汇英汉对照1 概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数2. 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem 目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Iindependent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解Mmedium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点stationary point 驻点step length 步长subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepest descent 最速下降法transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵3 样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation 三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数end conditions 约束条件Iinput argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数Ppoint/points 数据点rational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量weight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditionsDirichlet边界条件eigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson’s equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的。
常用法律英语
常用法律英语Introduction:In the field of law, it is essential to have a clear understanding of legal terminology in English. This article aims to provide an overview of commonly used legal phrases and expressions. It is important to note that this article does not provide an exhaustive list, but rather highlights some fundamental terms that are frequently encountered in legal proceedings, contracts, and legal documents.1. Legal Terminology:1.1 Statute: A written law passed by a legislative body.1.2 Jurisdiction: The power or authority of a court to hear and decide cases within a specific geographic area or subject matter.1.3 Plaintiff: The party that brings a lawsuit before a court.1.4 Defendant: The party who is being sued or accused in a court case.1.5 Evidence: Any information that is presented in a legal proceeding to support or prove a fact.1.6 Verdict: The decision reached by a jury or judge in a trial.1.7 Appellate Court: A higher court that reviews decisions made by lower courts.1.8 Testimony: Oral or written statements given under oath in court by witnesses.1.9 Habeas Corpus: A legal action that allows a person under arrest to challenge the legality of their detention.1.10 Pro Bono: Providing legal services free of charge for individuals who cannot afford to pay.2. Contract Terminology:2.1 Offer: A proposal made by one party to another, indicating willingness to enter into a contract.2.2 Acceptance: The unconditional agreement to the terms of an offer, creating a binding contract.2.3 Consideration: Something of value exchanged between parties to a contract.2.4 Breach: The failure to fulfill the obligations or terms of a contract without a legal excuse.2.5 Force Majeure: A clause in a contract that excuses a party from performing their obligations due to unforeseen circumstances outside their control.2.6 Indemnity: A provision in a contract wherein one party agrees to compensate the other party for specified losses or damages.2.7 Confidentiality: A promise to keep certain information private and not disclose it to unauthorized parties.2.8 Termination: The act of ending a contract before its completion as a result of a breach or agreement between the parties.2.9 Arbitration: A method of resolving disputes outside the court system, in which a neutral third party makes a binding decision.2.10 Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA): A contract that establishes a confidential relationship between two parties, often used to protect trade secrets or other sensitive information.3. Court Proceedings Terminology:3.1 Pleadings: Written statements filed by each party stating their respective claims or defenses in a lawsuit.3.2 Subpoena: A court order requiring an individual to appear before the court to testify or produce evidence.3.3 Warrant: A court order authorizing the search of premises, the arrest of an individual, or the seizure of property.3.4 Contempt of Court: Disobeying or disrespecting the authority of a court, resulting in penalties or sanctions.3.5 Cross-Examination: The questioning of a witness by the opposing party during a trial to challenge their credibility or testimony.3.6 Precedent: A legal decision or case that serves as a guide or authority in subsequent similar cases.3.7 Oath: A solemn promise to tell the truth, often taken before giving testimony in court.3.8 Affidavit: A written statement of facts, voluntarily made under oath and used as evidence in court.3.9 Injunction: A court order that prohibits a person or entity from taking certain actions or requires them to perform specific acts.3.10 Bail: The temporary release of an accused person from custody, secured by money or property.Conclusion:Understanding common legal terms in English is crucial for lawyers, judges, and individuals involved in legal matters. This article provided an overview of some frequently used legal phrases and expressions, ranging from general legal terminology to contract and court proceedings terms. Familiarity with these terms can help facilitate effective communication and comprehension in the legal field.。
西方主要翻译理论学派总结
most basic structures of Chomsky’s model,for Nida,kernels are the basic structural elements out of which language builds its elaborate(详尽复杂的) surface structures[用来构成语言复杂表层结构的基本结构成分].Kernels are the level at which the message is transferred into the receptor(受体)language before being transformed into the surface structure in three stages:Literal transfer字面转移--minimal最低度~--literary书面~2）Analysis:generative-transformational grammar（转换生成语法by Chomsky）’s four types of functional classEvent(verb)事件：行动、过程等发生的事Object(noun)实体：具体的人和物Abstract(quantities and qualities,adjective)抽象概念Relational(gender,qualities,prepositions and conjunctions)关系2,Basic factors in translation1)The nature of message:content V.S.form2)The purpose(s)of the author/translatorTypes of purposes identified by Nida:①for information②suggest a behavior③imperative(祈使，命令)purpose3)The audiences(4types):children;new literates;average literate adult;specialists3,Relatedness(相关)of language&culture4,Two basic orientations(方向)in translating1)Formal Equivalence(F-E):focuses on the message itself,in both form and content.•Principles governing F-E:①grammatical units语法单元②consistency in word usage词语用法前后一致，连贯性③meanings in terms of the source context源语语境意义2)D-E(dynamic equivalence):①based on the principle of equivalent effect(•Principles governing it)②aiming at complete naturalness of expression;③unnecessary to understand the source culture.•Economic~can be transferable with cultural~.实际上三种形式均可互相转化。
计算机专业单词(完整版)
计算机专业单词(完整版)zoom v.变焦距zip 邮递区号zone 区zap v.迅速离去，击溃throughout prep.贯穿，整，遍through prep.通过，直通three a.三(的)throw 废弃thread 线程whichever a.无论哪个withdraw 撤回without prep.没有，在..以外think v.考虑，以为，判断will 将wick 油心width 宽度within prep.在..以内thesaurus 词库week 周whenever ad.随时when 当well n.好，良好wait 等待weight 权way n.路线，途径，状态whereas conj.面，其实，既然ware n.仪器，商品work 工作third a.第三，三分之一Word n.著名文字编辑软件watch n.监视，观测whatever pron.无论什么watt 瓦want v.需要，应该，缺少warn vt.警告，警戒，预告view 显示方式visibility 可见性volt 伏verification 验证variety n.变化，种类，品种validity 有效性vocabulary 词汇表verb 动词volatility 变更率void 空vice n.缺点，毛病，错误violation 违反validation 验证twist 扭曲twice n.两次，两倍于tool 工具two n.二，两，双TRUE a.真，实，选中trunk 总线treat v.处理，加工tree 树trend 趋势trace 跟踪train 字列tray 托盘traversal 遍历traditional a.传统的，惯例的try 尝试trap 自陷transmitter 发送器transmit 发送transmission 传输transducer 变换器transformation 变换transceiver 收发器transparent 透明transportable 可传送的transport 传送transparency 透明性transliterate 直译translate 翻译translation 翻译transcribe 转录transfer 传送transformer 变压器transform 变换transaction 事务transition 转移translator 转换器track 磁道touch 接触topology 拓扑学tube 管子tutorial 指导的this 此tip 倾斜tilt 倾斜tick 滴答teach v.教，讲授team n.队，小组choose v.挑选，选择，选定chunk n.厚块，大部分chip 芯片check 检查change 更改chained 链接chain 链choice 选项child 儿子节点chart 图表charge 费用char 字符tone n.音调，音色，色调though conj.虽然，尽管test 测试then 然后tell n.讲，说，教，计算text 文本technology n.工艺，技术，制造学tape 磁带take v.取，拿thereafter ad.此后，据此toward prep.朝(着..方向) tachometer 转速计together ad.一同，共同，相互today n.今天turn v.圈，匝termination 端接terminology 术语term 项top 顶部talk v.通话，谈话tornado n.旋风，龙卷风type 类型times n.次数time 时间Tile 阶式task 任务tag 标记tab 跳位、标签switch 开关swap 交换swab 棉签string 字符串stream 流stroke 笔划strong a.强的strike v.敲，击stride 跨越stuff n.装入stub 抽头still a.静 v.平静step 步骤state 状态stage 阶段stay v.停止，停留statistics 统计学statistical 统计的stability 稳定性stop 停止store 存储style 形式start 开始star n.星形，星号stand v.处于(状态)，保持stamp n.图章stack 堆栈such a.这样的，如此sun n.太阳，日sum 和数substitution 替代subheading 次标题subscriber 用户submit 提交submission 提交subdirectory 子目录spool 假脱机spring 弹簧spread v.展开，传播sprite 子画面split 分割spill v.漏出，溢出，漏失specific 特定speech n.说话，言语，语音speed 速度specification 规范spell v.拼写space 空间spare 备用specifically ad.特别地，逐一地spontaneous 自发的smooth v.平滑的smudge 污迹small 小slow a.慢速的slave 从属slot 槽slice 片slide 滑动导轨slash 斜线square n.方形的screw 螺钉screen 屏幕scroll 滚动scratch 擦除scrap 报废skulk 躲藏skew 偏斜skip 跳跃skill n.技巧scheme n.方案，计划，图scope 作用域scale 比例尺Scout 检索程序scan 扫描situation n.情况，状况，势态sit v.位于，安装since prep.自从...以来synchronization 同步化syntactical 语法的syndetic 连接的simulation 模拟simultaneous 同时的six n.六(个)(的)significant a.有效的，有意义的significance 有效serialize 串行化severe 严重severity 严重性synergic 协作的symmetric 对称selector 选择器select 选择selection 选择sequentially ad.顺序地security 安全性secure 安全的cedilla 变音符seek 查找see 查看so pron.如此,这样set 设置suspension n.暂停，中止，挂起suspend 暂停sensitivity 灵敏度sense 检测send 发送cell 单元successive a.逐次的，相继的successful 成功的successor 后续succession n.逐次性，连续性save 保存same a.同样的，相同的sale n.销售，销路safe a.安全的，可靠的say v.说，显示，假定segmentation 分段substantially ad.实质上，本质上substantial a.实质的，真正的subscribe 签署surrounding a.周围的，环绕的suppressed vt.抑制，取消suppress 抑制suppression 抑制supplier 供应商supply vt.电源，供给supposed a.假定的，推测的suppose v.假定，推测support 支持semantic 语义solution n.解，解法，解答sufficient 足够的suggestion n.暗示，提醒suggest vt.建议，提议，暗示subordinate 附属serve 服务certification 确证search 搜索survey 勘测soft a.软的sort 分类source 源sound n.声音，音响size 大小site 位置sign 正负号scientific 科学的side 一边citation 引用root 根route 路径room n.房间，空间rule n.规则，法则，尺routine 例行程序run 运行responsibility 责任restricted a.受限制的，受约束的restrict vt.约束，限制restriction 限制restore 复原respectively ad.分别地respect n.遵守，关系response 响应respond v.回答，响应ring 环reliability 可靠性real 实rear 背面regeneration 重新生成redefine vt.重新规定(定义) rid 资源标识符result 结果resume 继续resistance 阻抗residual 残留的reserve vt.保留，预定，预约resolve 分辨reside vi.驻留review 复查revoke 取消reversal 反向reverse 反向revise 修订retrieval 检索retrieve 检索retrace 重新跟踪retainer 定位器retain vt.保持，维持returned a.退回的return 返回reciprocal 倒数recipient 收件人receiving 接收receiver 接收者received a.被接收的，公认的receive 接收receipt 收据resource 资源replacement n.替换，置换，更新replaceable 可置换的replace 置换reply 回答repeating n.重复，循环repeatedly ad.重复地repeated a.重复的repeater 中继器repeat 重复repetitive a.重复的repair 修理repository 仓库report 报告removal 除去remove 除去remote 远程remember v.存储，记忆，记住remainder 余数remain vi.剩下，留下，仍然remark 评语release 释放related a.相关的relationship 关系relation 关系request 请求requirement 需求require 需求recovery 恢复recoverable a.可恢复的，可回收的recover 恢复reclaim 收回recursive a.递归的，循环的recall vt.撤消，复活，检索recorder 记录器regression 回归regardless a.不注意的，不考虑的regard vt.考虑，注意，关系refresh 刷新reflect 反映reflection 反射referral 工作分派refer 参考reject 拒绝redundant a.冗余的redundancy 冗余reduction n.减化，还原，减少reduce 减少reactivate v.使恢复活动reach v.范围，达到范围reproduce 复制relocation 浮动reel 卷reinstate vt.复原，恢复rearrange v.重新整理，重新排序redirect 重定向redirection 重定向read 读rework 重做rewind 回绕restructure vt.调整，重新组织reset 复位receptacle 插座resend 再送replan 重新计划repaint vt.重画rename 重新命名relocate 浮动reload vt.再装入reusable 可再用的reflow v.回流，逆流reentrant 可重入的reenter v.重新进入redo 重做redraw vt.再拉redisplay 再显示reservation 保留resolution 分辨率revolutionize vt.变革，彻底改革roll 卷动row 行rest n.剩余，休息representation 表示法representative a.典型的，表示的represent v.表示，表现，代表replication 复制rent n.裂缝requisition 请求reconciliation 对帐recommend vt.推荐，建议rectangular a.矩形的rate 速率range 范围rail 导轨regulation 规则registration 登记round 舍入right 右write 写入wrap 环绕rank 排序RAM 随机存取存储器rack 机架update 更新up 向上unavailable a.不能利用的unattended 无人照管unattached 不连接的undefined a.未定义的understanding n.了解的，聪明的understand v.懂，明白(了)，理解underscore 下划线underline 下划线underlying a.基础的，根本的unwanted a.不需要的，多余的unrecognized a.未被认出的unnecessary a.不必要的，多余的unmarked a.没有标记的unlink 解链unload 卸出unfortunately ad.不幸，遗憾地unbind 切断push 按pool 池proof 证明print 打印preserve vt.保存，维持prevent v.防止，预防precision 精度precedence 优先级prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿predict vt.预测，预言prerequisite 先决条件preemption 抢先preceding a.先的，以前的precede v.先于presentation 呈示press 按preparation 准备productivity 生产力provide 提供protect vt.保护protection 保护procedural a.程序上的procedure 过程proceed 继续proprietary a.专有的promote 促进professional 专业人员project 项目projection 投影production 生产produce v.生产，制造prompt 提示price n.价格priority 优先级pragmatics 语用学pulse 脉冲puck 球publication 出版物plug 插头plane 位面plot 绘图plant 工厂plan 计划pitch 音调pin 针pick 检料peer 同级postpone 延迟poll 轮询Paste 粘贴选项pace 调步pane 屏面position 位置particularly ad.特别，格外，尤其particular a.特定的，特别的potentially ad.可能地，大概地percentage 百分率peripheral 外围的parentheses 括号parenthesis n.括弧，圆括号parameter 参数performance 性能perform 实行personnel 人员permutation 排列purge 清除pertain vi.附属，属于，关于permit 允许persistence 持续性permission 许可权possibility n.可能性pop 弹出polymorphism 多形性point 点pause 暂停portability 可移植性port 端口pipe 管道path 路径part 部件parse 语法分析pass v.传送，传递，遍(数) participant 参与者partition 分区patch 修补password 口令pack 压缩pagination 页调整pad 填充overwrite 覆盖override 覆盖null 空的notation 记数法numerical 数字的numeration 记数numeric 数字的new 新的negotiation 协商negate vt.否定,求反,“非”mnemonic 助记的note 注意node 节点nest 嵌套noise 噪声knob 握柄navigation n.导航move 移动must 必须month 月份multiplication 乘法multiplicand 被乘数multiplicity 复合度motif n.主题，要点，特色miscellaneous 多种的mistake 错误mismatch n.失配，不匹配mix 混合剂means n.方法，手段mean 平均mode 方式materialization 具体化manipulator 操纵元maintainable 可维护的memorandum 便笺maintain 维护main 主mail 邮件make vt.制造，形成materialize 具体化material 资料manipulate 操作machine 机器majority 多数merge 合并modulation 调制modification 修改more 尚有mouse 鼠标mount 装载mile 英里microcomputer 微型计算机microprocessor 微处理器millimeter 毫米migrate 移植migration 移植mask 掩码marked a.有记号的mach n.马赫(速度单位) mark 标记math n.数学match 匹配map 映象manufacturing 制造manufacturer 制造商manufacture vt.制造(业)，工业mantissa 尾数macroinstruction 宏指令loop 循环lux 勒克司locator 定位器locale 场所list 列表link 连接limitation 限制leaves 叶leave 脱离leaf 叶localization 本地化load 装入locate 找出location 位置left 向左laboratory 实验室lost 丢失long 长型lock 加锁logged a.记录的，浸透的log 记录launch 启动light 指示灯line 行librarian 库管理器lag 延迟quit 退出quote 报价quotation 引语quartet 四位字节quark 夸克Coulomb 库仑crew 组员cryptographic 密码cryptography 密码术creation n.创造，创作creator 建立者create 建立craze n.开裂cross 跨crop v.切，剪切criteria 标准criterion n.标准，判据，准则crank 曲柄crash 崩溃cut 剪下coalesce 结合coordinator 协调程序clip 裁剪click 单击clear 清除closed a.关闭的，闭迹Close 关闭clock 时钟clause 子句class 类clerk 职员clamp 夹queue 队列kit 组件kill 杀死（进程）keep 保持key 键coax 同轴coefficient 系数code 代码coordinate 坐标consideration n.考虑，研究，讨论configuration 配置convenient a.方便的，便利的convenience n.方便，便利conventional a.常规的，习惯的convention 约定converted 转换的convert 转换conversion 转换controller 控制器controlled a.受控制的，受操纵的control 控制contractor 承包方continuously ad.连续不断地continued 接上页continue 继续contiguous 相连的contention 争用contextual 上下文的container 容器contain 包含constraint 约束consult v.咨询，顾问consume v.消耗，使用consistent 一致的consistency 一致性consist vi.符合，包括considered a.考虑过的，被尊重的consider 考虑console 控制台consent 插座consecutive 连续的consolidate 合并concurrent 同时的concordance 重要语汇索引conflicting 冲突confuse vt.使混乱，干扰configure 配置confirm 确认conform vi.遵从，符合conjunction 与congestion 拥塞conductor 导线conditional 条件的condition 条件condense 压缩compressor 压缩器consumable 消费品compress 压缩comprise vt.包括，由...组成composing 组成completely ad.十分，完全，彻底complete 完成completion 完成complexity 复杂程度computer 计算机compute 计算compose 组成component 部件compare 比较compiler 编译器compile 编译compatible 兼容的comparison 比较combine 组合case n.情况，场合capability 能力cage 盒子corrupt v.有毛病的corona 电晕correctly 正确correct 正确correction n.校正，修正capacity 能力capacitor 电容connective 连接词connected 连接connector 连接器connect 连接connection 连接communicate 通信communication n.通信commitment 落实commit 落实commercial a.商业的，经济的commodity 商品command 命令collision 冲突collection 堆集collapse 崩溃cost 成本corresponding 相应的correspond vi.通信(联系) conversational 会话式conversation 对话concentration 集中confidential 机密confirmation 确认concatenate 并置concatenation 并置compilation 编译composition 组合combination 组合compression 压缩collator 整理器collate 整理collation 整理cause 原因course n.过程，航向，课程call 调用chord 弦cord n.绳子，电线core 核心counterclockwise 反时针方向count 计数cast 强制转型card 卡cassette 盒式磁带catch 捕捉cascade 级联carousel n.圆盘传送带characteristic 特性caption 图表说明calculation n.计算，统计，估计cache 高速缓存cash n.现金CAD 计算机辅助设计use 使用utilization 使用率university n.(综合性)大学utility 实用程序unique 唯一的year 年iteration 迭代establishment 建立establish 建立especially ad.特别(是)，尤其escape 跳出invocation 调用environmental a.周围的，环境的introduction 介绍interrelated 相关的intervene vi插入，干涉intervention 介入intercept 拦截intersection 逻辑乘interrupt 中断interaction 交互intermittent 间歇性的intermediate 中间的interlink 相互链接interleave 交错interlace 交错interlock 互锁interference 干扰interfere vi.干涉，干扰，冲突interchange 交换international 国际的instrumentation 仪表化installation 安装insulation 绝缘insufficient a.不足的，不适当的incremental 增量的incompatible 不兼容incorrect 不正确inexperienced a.不熟练的，外行的information 信息individually ad.个别地，单独地individual 个别的indirectly ad.间接地indirect 间接的indirection 间接independently 各自地independent 独立indentation 缩排inaccessible 不可存取的invoke 调用investigate 审查invent vt.创造，想象invariant 不变量invert 翻转inverse 逆矩阵involve vt.涉及，卷入，占用environ vt.围绕，包围environment 环境intensity 亮度intense a.强烈的，高度的intend vt.打算，设计intelligent 智能的intelligence 智能integrity 完整性interpreter 解释器interpret v.解释internal 内部的intern 保留区entirely ad.完全地，彻底地entire a.总体instruct 指示instruction 指令instead ad.(来)代替，当作install 安装instantiate 实例化inspection 检查insert 插入insertion n.插入，嵌入，插页encipher 加密器inside n.内部的enroll 报名inquiry 查询increase v.增加，增大encoder 编码器encode 编码inclusion 包含inclusive a.包括的，内含的include 包括enclose vt.封闭，密封，包装enclosure 安装箱incorporate 合并encounter 遇到inhibit 禁止inheritance 继承inherit 继承enhance 增强ensure 保证insure v.保证，保障infinity 无穷大inform 通知industrial 工业的induction 归纳法indent 缩排indention 缩排indefinitely ad.无限地，无穷地inactive 非活动的inaccuracy 不准确度implementation 实现implication 蕴含式improvement 改进improve 改进imprinting 印刷implosion 内爆implicit 隐式impingement 冲击impedance 阻抗importer 进口服务器import 调入embossment 凸起electronics 电子学electronic 电子的elaboration 加工equivocation 条件信息量总平均值extremely ad.极端地，非常extremity 极限extract 抽取exchange 交换extent 范围extension 扩充extend 扩展express a.快速的expression 表达式exponent 指数explain 说明explanatory a.解释(性)的experience vt.试验exposure 曝光度experiment n.实验，试验(研究) expenditure 支出expect vt.期望，期待，盼望exporter 出口服务器expire v.终止，期满expansion n.展开，展开式expanding a.扩展的，扩充的expander 扩充器expand 扩充exclusive 互斥的exclude 排除exceed 超过except prep.除...之外，除非exception 异常exist 存在exhaust v.取尽，用完example 例子examine v.检验，考试，审查ignore 忽略event 事件evaluate 估计essentially ad.实质上，本来eraser 擦除器erase 擦除enumerator 枚举符initiator 启动程序initiate 启动initially ad.最初，开头initial 初始的enable 允许emulsion 感光乳剂immediate 立即的ellipsis n.省略符号，省略(法) ellipse 椭圆eliminate 消去illegal 非法的equivalent 等价的equivalence 等价equipment 装置equation 方程式efficiently ad.有效地efficiency 效率effective a.有效的effect n.效率，作用，效能edition 版本each 每个equalization 均衡eject 弹出hook 挂钩hub 集线器heuristic 试探的humidity 湿度hit 命中heap 堆阵host 主机hold 保持hole 孔whole 整个Help 帮助hex 十六进制head 磁头horizontal 水平的halt 停机how 如何hide 隐藏hyperbola 双曲线harmonic 谐波hang v.中止，暂停，挂起groove 槽group 组grid 栅极growth 增长grave 雕刻gradation 灰度ground 地grant 授予grantee 接受者gram 克graph 图grab 抓取glyph 图象字符glance n.闪烁go vi.运行，达到gate 门gain 增益guide 指南gap 间隔foot 英尺full 全部sure 确认should 应该freeze v.冻结，结冰free 释放phrase 短语freight 运费frame 帧from 从fragmentation 存储残片shut v.关闭fundamental a.基本的，根本的fluidics 射流技术flush 清仓flow 流动flexibility 灵活性flat 平面的flag 标志fuse 熔凝ship 装运film 薄膜fill 填充fixed 固定的fix 修订shift 移位sheet n.(图)表，纸，片field 字段shield v.屏蔽，罩，防护feed 馈送phone 电话fold 折叠Show 显示fetch 取familiarize vt.使熟悉，使通俗化shell 外壳phase 阶段face n.面，表面shape 形状fail 失败share 共享facility n.设施，装备，便利familiar a.熟悉的，惯用的forget 忽略forbidden 禁用的first 首先forced a.强制的font 字体short 短路force v.力，强度form 表格fault 故障FALSE a.假(布尔值)，错误fork 创建子进程fortuitous 不规则的formation n.构造，结构，形成find 寻找file 文件fast 快速factorial 阶乘facsimile 传真availability 可用性overrun 过速overload 超负荷overlap 重叠overflow 上溢ohm 欧姆opaque 不透明的omit vt.省略，删去，遗漏。
亲属关系称谓表心得
亲属关系称谓表心得The topic of the family relationship terminology table is an interesting one. It is a reflection of the cultural and social norms of a particular society, and it reveals how people relate to and address their family members. This table serves as a guide for individuals to navigate the complex web of family connections and understand the appropriate terms to use when addressing different relatives.From a practical perspective, the family relationship terminology table is incredibly useful. It provides a clear and concise list of terms that can be used to address various family members. This is particularly helpful in situations where there may be a large extended family or when interacting with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Having a standardized set of terms ensuresthat everyone is on the same page and avoids any potential confusion or misunderstandings.Furthermore, the family relationship terminology table also highlights the significance of different family members in a given society. The terms used to address parents, siblings, and grandparents, for example, oftencarry a deeper meaning and reflect the importance placed on these relationships. It is fascinating to see how different cultures prioritize and value certain family connections over others.On a more personal level, the family relationship terminology table evokes a sense of nostalgia and sentimentality. It reminds us of the unique bonds we share with our family members and the role they play in our lives. The terms used to address our relatives hold a specialplace in our hearts, as they encapsulate the love, respect, and familiarity we have for them. The table serves as a reminder of the cherished memories and experiences we have had with our family members throughout our lives.Moreover, the family relationship terminology tablealso sheds light on the evolving nature of family dynamics. As societies progress and change, so do the relationshipswithin families. New terms may emerge to address non-traditional family structures, such as step-parents, half-siblings, or in-laws. This reflects the adaptability and inclusivity of societies, as they strive to recognize and acknowledge the diverse range of familial connections that exist.In conclusion, the family relationship terminology table is a valuable resource that provides guidance and clarity in addressing and understanding our relatives. It serves as a reflection of cultural norms, societal values, and the evolving nature of family dynamics. From apractical perspective, it ensures effective communication and avoids confusion. On a personal level, it evokes nostalgia and sentimentality, reminding us of the unique bonds we share with our family members. Overall, the family relationship terminology table is a testament to the importance of family and the role it plays in our lives.。
relationship英文解释
relationship英文解释全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, do you know what a relationship is? Well, a relationship is when two people care about each other and spend time together. It can be between friends, family members, or even boyfriend and girlfriend!When you have a good relationship with someone, you feel happy and comfortable around them. You can share your feelings and thoughts with them without being judged. You also support each other in good times and bad times.In a family relationship, like with your mom and dad, you trust them and they take care of you. They provide love, guidance, and protection. It's important to have a strong bond with your family because they will always be there for you no matter what.Friendship is another type of relationship that is super important. Your friends are the people you have fun with, laugh with, and share secrets with. They are always there to help you out and have your back when you need it.And last but not least, romantic relationships. This is when you have a special connection with someone you really like. You go on dates, hold hands, and tell each other sweet things. You support and comfort each other and share a deep love and understanding.So, guys, remember that relationships are a big part of our lives. Whether it's with family, friends, or a special someone, it's important to cherish and nurture these connections. So go ahead, give your loved ones a big hug and tell them how much you appreciate them!篇2Relationship is when you have a special connection with someone. It could be with your family, your friends, or even your pets. Relationships are super important because they make us feel loved, supported, and happy.Family relationships are the ones we have with our moms, dads, sisters, brothers, and grandparents. They take care of us, spend time with us, and teach us important things. Family relationships are super strong and last forever.Friend relationships are the ones we have with our buddies at school or in our neighborhood. We have fun together, playgames, and share secrets. Friends are like partners in crime who always have our back.Pet relationships are the ones we have with our furry friends like cats, dogs, or hamsters. They love us unconditionally, always bring a smile to our faces, and make us feel less lonely.Relationships can be challenging too, especially when we have disagreements or misunderstandings. But it's important to communicate, listen to each other, and find solutions together. That's how we can strengthen our relationships and make them even more special.So, whether it's with our family, friends, or pets, relationships are what make life sweeter and more colorful. Cherish the relationships you have and always remember to show love and appreciation to those who are important to you.篇3Relationship is like when you have a best friend who you do everything with. You tell each other secrets, play games together, and always have each other's back.In a relationship, whether it's with a friend, family member, or even a pet, you care about them and they care about you too.You trust each other and support each other through good times and bad times.Sometimes in a relationship, there might be disagreements or arguments, but that's okay. It's important to talk things out and listen to each other's feelings so you can work through any issues.Having a good relationship means being kind, respectful, and understanding towards the other person. It's about being there for them and making memories together.So, cherish your relationships and make sure to show love and appreciation to the people who are important to you. Building strong relationships will make your life happier and more fulfilling.篇4Hey guys, today let's talk about relationships! So, what does the word "relationship" actually mean? Well, a relationship is a way two or more people or things are connected or how they behave with each other.There are different types of relationships we have in our lives. The most common one is between family members. We haverelationships with our parents, siblings, grandparents, and other relatives. These relationships are super important because our family is always there to love and support us no matter what.We also have friendships, which are relationships we have with our friends. Friends are the people we choose to hang out with, have fun with, and share our secrets with. They are like our second family and can make us happy when we are feeling down.Another type of relationship is romantic relationships. This is when two people have special feelings for each other and want to be more than just friends. They go on dates, give each other gifts, and spend a lot of time together. It's like having a best friend who you also have a crush on!Sometimes relationships can be a little tricky. People can have disagreements, misunderstandings, or even arguments. But it's important to talk things out, listen to each other, and try to understand where the other person is coming from. Communication is key to having good relationships with others.Remember, relationships are all about love, trust, and respect. Treat others the way you want to be treated and cherish the connections you have with the people in your life. Building and maintaining healthy relationships is a big part of growing up and becoming a happy and successful person. So, be kind, behonest, and be a good friend – that's what relationships are all about!篇5Relationship is like when you have a really good friend that you like to spend time with and share your toys and snacks with. It's all about how you get along with someone and how you treat each other. Good relationships make you happy and feel loved, just like when your best friend gives you a hug when you're feeling sad.In relationships, you have to be kind and caring towards the other person. You have to listen to them when they talk and show that you care about their feelings. It's like when your friend falls down and you help them up and make sure they're okay.Sometimes relationships can be tricky and there might be fights or disagreements. But it's important to talk things out and try to understand each other's point of view. Just like when you and your friend argue about which game to play, but then you compromise and find a game that you both enjoy.It's also important to trust each other in relationships. Trust means that you believe in the other person and know that they won't do anything to hurt you. It's like when your friendpromises to keep your secret and you know you can trust them with it.Overall, relationships are all about love, kindness, trust, and respect. It's about building connections with others and making each other happy. Remember to be a good friend and treat others the way you want to be treated. That's the key to having healthy and happy relationships.篇6Relationship is a super important thing in our life. It means how we connect with other people like our family, friends, and teachers. It's all about how we communicate, get along, and care for each other.In a relationship, we share our feelings, thoughts, and experiences with each other. We listen to each other, support each other, and help each other out when we need it. We also respect each other's boundaries and feelings, and try to understand each other's perspectives.Good relationships make us happy and help us grow. They give us a sense of belonging and make us feel loved and supported. When we have a strong relationship with someone,we feel safe and secure, and we know that we can count on them no matter what.But sometimes, relationships can be tricky. We might have disagreements or misunderstandings with the people we care about. It's important to talk things out and try to see things from each other's point of view. Communication is key in any relationship, and it helps us resolve conflicts and strengthen our bonds.Overall, relationships are like the glue that holds us together. They make our lives richer and more meaningful, and they remind us that we're not alone in this world. So let's cherish our relationships and treat them with kindness and care!篇7Relationship is like when you have a best friend who is always there for you no matter what. They cheer you up when you're feeling sad, and they make you laugh until your tummy hurts. It's like when you have a brother or sister who you can share your toys and secrets with. They always have your back and you know you can trust them no matter what.Relationship is also like when you have a crush on someone in your class. You get all nervous and excited whenever they arearound. You want to talk to them and spend time with them because they make you feel special and happy.In a relationship, you care about the other person and want to make them happy. You listen to them when they need to talk and you support them when they are feeling down. You share your thoughts and feelings with each other, and you trust each other with your secrets.Sometimes relationships can be tricky and you might have disagreements or arguments. But it's important to talk things out and listen to each other's point of view. Remember, communication is key in any relationship.Overall, relationship is about love, trust, and communication. It's about being there for each other through the good times and the bad. It's about making each other smile and creating happy memories together. So cherish your relationships and always treat the people in your life with kindness and respect.篇8Hey guys! Today we're going to talk about relationships. You might be thinking, what does that mean? Well, let me explain it to you in a fun way!Relationships are basically how we interact and connect with other people. It's like when you have a friend that you play with at recess, that's a relationship! Or when you have a teacher that helps you learn new things, that's also a relationship.There are different kinds of relationships, like family relationships, friendship relationships, and even romantic relationships. Family relationships are the people in your family that love and take care of you, like your parents, siblings, and grandparents. Friendship relationships are the people you choose to be friends with because you enjoy spending time with them and have fun together. And romantic relationships are when you really like someone and want to be more than friends with them.It's important to have good relationships with others because they can make us happy, support us when we're feeling down, and help us grow and learn new things. But remember, relationships also take work and communication. It's important to talk to the people in your life, listen to them, and respect their feelings and opinions.So, whether it's your family, friends, or someone special, cherish your relationships and make sure to nurture them withlove and kindness. Good relationships can bring so much joy and meaning to our lives. And that's what relationships are all about!篇9Hey guys! Today I'm gonna tell you all about relationships. You know when you have a special connection with someone? Like when you really like them and enjoy spending time with them? That's a relationship!Relationships can be with your family, friends, or even a boyfriend or girlfriend. They're super important because they help us feel loved, supported, and cared for. When you have a good relationship with someone, you trust them, talk to them about your feelings, and have fun together.But sometimes relationships can be tricky. Maybe you have a fight with your friend, or your sibling is annoying you. It's important to communicate and work things out so that your relationship stays strong.Being kind, honest, and respectful are key ingredients for a healthy relationship. It's also important to listen to each other, be there for each other, and show appreciation for one another. Remember, good relationships take time and effort to build and maintain.So, take care of your relationships and cherish the special connections you have with those around you. Because having good relationships makes life so much happier and meaningful!篇10Hey guys, today let's talk about relationships! You might be wondering, what is a relationship? Well, a relationship is when two people care about each other and spend time together. It could be with your family, friends, or even a boyfriend or girlfriend.There are different types of relationships. Your relationship with your family is super important because they love and support you. You might have a special bond with your siblings or parents that no one else can understand. Friends are also a big part of our lives. They are the people we have fun with, share secrets with, and lean on when we need advice or help.When it comes to romantic relationships, things can get a little more complicated. It's when you like someone more than just a friend and want to spend even more time with them. It's important to remember to treat each other with respect, communicate openly, and trust each other.Sometimes relationships can be tough. You might have arguments or misunderstandings with the people you care about. It's normal to have ups and downs, but it's important to talk things out and try to find a solution together. Remember, relationships take work and effort from both sides.Overall, relationships are all about love, trust, and respect.It's about caring for each other and being there through thick and thin. So, let's cherish the relationships we have in our lives and work on making them stronger every day.。
资本结构英文参考文献
Evaluating A Company's Capital StructureFor stock investors that favor companies with good fundamentals, a "strong" balance sheet is an important consideration for investing in a company's stock. The strength of a company' balance sheet can be evaluated by three broad categories of investment-quality measurements: working capital adequacy, asset performance and capital structure. In this article, we'll look at evaluating balance sheet strength based on the composition of a company's capital structure..A company's capitalization (not to be confused with market capitalization) describes the composition of a company's permanent or long-term capital, which consists of a combination of debt and equity. A healthy proportion of equity capital, as opposed to debt capital, in a company's capital structure is an indication of financial fitness.Clarifying Capital Structure Related TerminologyThe equity part of the debt-equity relationship is the easiest to define. In a company's capital structure, equity consists of a company's common and preferred stock plus retained earnings, which are summed up in the shareholders' equity account on a balance sheet. This invested capital and debt, generally of the long-term variety, comprises a company's capitalization, i.e. a permanent type of funding to support a company's growth and related assets.A discussion of debt is less straightforward. Investment literature often equates a company's debt with its liabilities. Investors should understand that there is a difference between operational and debt liabilities - it is the latter that forms the debt component of a company's capitalization - but that's not the end of the debt story.Among financial analysts and investment research services, there is no universal agreement as to what constitutes a debt liability. For many analysts, the debt component in a company's capitalization is simply a balance sheet's long-term debt. This definition is too simplistic. Investors should stick to a stricter interpretation of debt where the debt component of a company's capitalization should consist of the following: short-term borrowings (notes payable), the current portion of long-termdebt, long-term debt, two-thirds (rule of thumb) of the principal amount of operating leases and redeemable preferred stock. Using a comprehensive total debt figure is a prudent analytical tool for stock investors.It's worth noting here that both international and U.S. financial accounting standards boards are proposing rule changes that would treat operating leases and pension "projected-benefits" as balance sheet liabilities. The new proposed rules certainly alert investors to the true nature of these off-balance sheet obligations that have all the earmarks of debt. (To read more on liabilities, see Off-Balance-Sheet Entities: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly and Uncovering Hidden Debt.) Is there an optimal debt-equity relationship?In financial terms, debt is a good example of the proverbial two-edged sword. Astute use of leverage (debt) increases the amount of financial resources available to a company for growth and expansion. The assumption is that management can earn more on borrowed funds than it pays in interest expense and fees on these funds. However, as successful as this formula may seem, it does require that a company maintain a solid record of complying with its various borrowing commitments. (For more stories on company debt loads, see When Companies Borrow Money, Spotting Disaster and Don't Get Burned by the Burn Rate.)A company considered too highly leveraged (too much debt versus equity) may find its freedom of action restricted by its creditors and/or may have its profitability hurt as a result of paying high interest costs. Of course, the worst-case scenario would be having trouble meeting operating and debt liabilities during periods of adverse economic conditions. Lastly, a company in a highly competitive business, if hobbled by high debt, may find its competitors taking advantage of its problems to grab more market share.Unfortunately, there is no magic proportion of debt that a company can take on. The debt-equity relationship varies according to industries involved, a company's line of business and its stage of development. However, because investors are better off putting their money into companies with strong balance sheets, common sense tells us that these companies should have, generally speaking, lower debt and higher equitylevels.Capital Ratios and IndicatorsIn general, analysts use three different ratios to assess the financial strength of a company's capitalization structure. The first two, the so-called debt and debt/equity ratios, are popular measurements; however, it's the capitalization ratio that delivers the key insights to evaluating a company's capital position.The debt ratio compares total liabilities to total assets. Obviously, more of the former means less equity and, therefore, indicates a more leveraged position. The problem with this measurement is that it is too broad in scope, which, as a consequence, gives equal weight to operational and debt liabilities. The same criticism can be applied to the debt/equity ratio, which compares total liabilities to total shareholders' equity. Current and non-current operational liabilities, particularly the latter, represent obligations that will be with the company forever. Also, unlike debt, there are no fixed payments of principal or interest attached to operational liabilities.The capitalization ratio (total debt/total capitalization) compares the debt component of a company's capital structure (the sum of obligations categorized as debt + total shareholders' equity) to the equity component. Expressed as a percentage, a low number is indicative of a healthy equity cushion, which is always more desirable than a high percentage of debt. (To continue reading about ratios, see Debt Reckoning.)Additional Evaluative Debt-Equity ConsiderationsCompanies in an aggressive acquisition mode can rack up a large amount of purchased goodwill in their balance sheets. Investors need to be alert to the impact of intangibles on the equity component of a company's capitalization. A material amount of intangible assets need to be considered carefully for its potential negative effect as a deduction (or impairment) of equity, which, as a consequence, will adversely affect the capitalization ratio. (For more insight, read Can You Count On Goodwill? and The Hidden Value Of Intangibles.)Funded debt is the technical term applied to the portion of a company's long-termdebt that is made up of bonds and other similar long-term, fixed-maturity types of borrowings. No matter how problematic a company's financial condition may be, the holders of these obligations cannot demand payment as long the company pays the interest on its funded debt. In contrast, bank debt is usually subject to acceleration clauses and/or covenants that allow the lender to call its loan. From the investor's perspective, the greater the percentage of funded debt to total debt disclosed in the debt note in the notes to financial statements, the better. Funded debt gives a company more wiggle room. (To read more on financial statement footnotes, see Footnotes: Start Reading The Fine Print.)Lastly, credit ratings are formal risk evaluations by credit-rating agencies - Moody's, Standard & Poor's, Duff & Phelps and Fitch –of a company's ability to repay principal and interest on debt obligations, principally bonds and commercial paper. Here again, this information should appear in the footnotes. Obviously, investors should be glad to see high-quality rankings on the debt of companies they are considering as investment opportunities and be wary of the reverse.ConclusionA company's reasonable, proportional use of debt and equity to support its assets is a key indicator of balance sheet strength. A healthy capital structure that reflects a low level of debt and a corresponding high level of equity is a very positive sign of investment quality.To continue learning about financial statements, read What You Need To Know About Financial Statements and Advanced Financial Statement Analysis.。
英语作文与物理的关系
英语作文与物理的关系The Intertwining Relationship between English Essaysand Physics.In the academic world, subjects often seem siloed, with each discipline having its own unique language, terminology, and approach. However, a closer examination reveals that even these seemingly disparate fields can share asurprising amount of commonalities and mutual dependencies. One such example is the relationship between English essays and physics. While one might initially assume that thesetwo subjects have little in common, a deeper dive intotheir respective components reveals a fascinating connection.English essays, at their core, are about communication. They are a medium for expressing ideas, arguments, and perspectives, often through the lens of critical thinking and analysis. Physics, on the other hand, is a branch of science that deals with the fundamental laws and principlesgoverning matter and energy. At first glance, the two seem worlds apart. However, when one considers the role of communication in physics and the analytical skills required to comprehend its concepts, a link between the two becomes apparent.Firstly, let us explore the role of communication in physics. Physics, while often regarded as a mathematical and theoretical discipline, is also heavily reliant on effective communication. Scientists and researchers in physics must be able to articulate their ideas, theories, and findings in a clear and concise manner. This often involves writing reports, papers, and proposals that are not only accurate but also engaging and understandable to a wide range of readers. In this sense, the skills honed in writing English essays – such as clarity, coherence, and the ability to persuade through logic and evidence –become invaluable tools for physicists.Moreover, the analytical skills honed in writing English essays are crucial for comprehending and applying physics concepts. Physics is a highly analytical subjectthat requires students to break down complex problems, analyze data, and draw conclusions based on evidence. This analytical approach is also central to essay writing, where students are required to analyze a topic, evaluate evidence, and construct a coherent argument. By practicing these analytical skills in the context of essays, students become better prepared to apply them in their physics studies,vice versa.Furthermore, both English essays and physics require a certain degree of creativity. While physics is rooted inthe laws of nature, it often requires innovative thinking and problem-solving skills to advance the field. Similarly, essay writing involves creative thinking and the ability to present ideas in a unique and engaging manner. This shared need for creativity underscores the fact that both subjects encourage students to think outside the box and develop original ideas.Additionally, both physics and essay writing areiterative processes. In physics, theories and experiments often undergo multiple iterations and refinements as newevidence and understanding emerge. Similarly, essays often require multiple drafts and revisions as students refine their arguments and improve their writing. This iterative nature of both disciplines fosters a culture of continuous improvement and learning.In conclusion, while English essays and physics may seem like unrelated subjects on the surface, a closer examination reveals a deep and intricate relationship between them. The skills and abilities honed in one subject can be transferred and applied to the other, creating a synergistic effect that benefits students in both areas. This cross-disciplinary approach not only enhances understanding and appreciation for both subjects but also prepares students better for the real world, where communication, analysis, and creativity are essentialskills for success.。