中考英语情态动词用法总结

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

情态动词

(一)情态动词概说

1.情态动词也是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有:请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。

2.情态动词本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,必须与动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化。如:

3.有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同,有些与原形不同。

(1) 与原形相同的有:

must --- must

(2) 与原形不同的有:

can --- could will --- would

may --- might shall --- should

need --- needed have to --- had to

(二)情态动词的种类:(见下表)

情态动词的否定式为:情态动词+not

(三)常用情态动词的用法:

1.can与could

(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。当表示将来的能力时,一般用will be able to;当表示过去的能力时,一般用could。

Can you jump as far as he did

I can’t catch up with Jim.

I couldn’t speak well until I was five years.

can与be able to二者都表示“能够”,区别是:can只有现在时和过去式,而be able to 可用于各种时态。如:

I’ll be able to speak French in half a year.

He hasn’t been able to finish it on time.

(2)表示允许。

①could比can更委婉,表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见,这种用法多用于陈述句和疑问句中。

You can go now.

Could you go skating with me tomorrow

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer tonight.

②当表示允许别人做某事时,用can而不用could。

——Could I use your phone for a while

——Yes, of course you can.

(3)表示可能性。

①理论上的可能性

It can’t be true.

Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.

②用于疑问句及否定句中,表示猜测或怀疑。这时can 与could没有时间上的差异,只是could更委婉、客气。

How can that be true I can’t believe my eyes and ears.

He couldn’t be in Beijing.

③can/could have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。can have done主要用于疑问句和否定句中。

Mary can’t have gone to school, for it is Sunday today.

She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party.

2.may与might

(1)表示请求、许可。

①may 和might表示许可时,比can和could更正式。might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。Might表示委婉地请求。

—May/Might I use your dictionary

—Yes, please/certainly.

Might I ask you a question

We didn’t know that he might be our new teacher.

②may not用来表示拒绝或禁止,而might没有该用法。

Students may not stay out after midnight.

(2)表示可能性、推测

might不是may的过去式,表示可能性比may表示的可能性要小。May不用于提问是否可能的疑问句。

I may leave for Hangzhou next week.

I’m afraid it might snow tomorrow.(可能性小)

★在表示可能性时,may not意为“可能不”,can’t意为“不可能”

He may come or may not come. I’m not too sure. 他可能来,也可能不来。我不确定。

He can’t believe you. 他不可能相信你。

(3)may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。

May you do well!

May you have a good time!

3.must和have to

(1)表示义务

①两者都表示义务。must表示依谈话人或听话人而定的义务,即主观的;have to表示来自外界的义务,即客观的。

Soldiers must obey orders.

The children have to get up early to catch the first bus, because the school is too far.

②must仅表示现在或将来的义务,过去的义务用had to。

The boy got very emotional when I had to leave, and started to cry.

③mustn’t表示“禁止,不允许”;don’t/doesn’t have to表示“不必”。

All these books mustn’t be moved.

You don’t have to/ needn’t/ don’t need to tell him the truth if you don’t want to.

(2)must表示可能性

①must在肯定句中表示肯定的推测:一定。在否定句或疑问句中,要用can’t和can。

He must be our new teacher.

He can’t be our new teacher.

What do you think this letter can mean

②表示对现在的猜测用must,表示对过去发生事情的猜测用must have done。在否定句或疑问句中,要用can’t/can have done。

He must be at home.(对现在的猜测)

I think you must have made a mistake.(对过去的猜测)

I think you can’t have made a mistake.

(3)must表示偏要、偏偏

在疑问句中,must可以用来表示一个人较强烈的感情。

Why must it rain on Sunday 为什么偏要在星期天下雨呢

4.will与would

(1)表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。would表示过去式

He won’t come to see you.他不愿来见你。(表示意愿)

I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。(表示决心)

He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. (表示过去的决心)

(2)表示请求,此时仅限于“will you (please)…”句型中,仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。would比will语气更委婉。

Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore

Will you have some rice

Would you open the door

(3) will和would用于“劝某人接受……”时,只能用some,不能用any。如:

相关文档
最新文档