【高中英语】《英语语法—虚拟语气》优质课教案

Grammar-------Subjective mood Teaching Aims

1.Knowledge Aim

Help the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different situations.

2.Ability Aim

To learn the subjunctive mood freely and properly in speaking and writing.

3.Emotional Aims

1)Encourage the students learn more about the grammar.

1)Help the students to form the good habit in learning.

1)Encourage the students to do more exercise consolidate the

knowledge.

Teaching Important Point

Enable the students to use the correct form o f of the subjunctive mood

Teaching Difficult Point

To know the differences between the attributive and the predicative.

Teaching Methods:

Summarizing,comparative method;practicing activities Teaching Aids

Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools Teaching Procedure

StepⅠGreeting

Greet the whole class.

StepⅡDictation

StepⅢHomework checking

StepⅣGrammar

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实

相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。

③与将来事实可能相反

I:虚拟条件句:

1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/should/could/ might+动词原形。

If places were a like,there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would/should/could/ might+have+过去分词。

If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.

3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should+动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。

If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday

4.省略if采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had,should, were等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams. Were he to leave today,he would get there by Friday.

Were I in your place,I wouldn’t do that.

5混合虚拟语气

有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。

If you_____that late movie last night,you wouldn’t be so sleepy.

A.haven’t watched

B.didn’t watch

C.hadn’t watched

D.wouldn’t have watched答案选C。

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he would be our chairman now.

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，

这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。6.含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（1）介词或介词短语，如but for,but that,without,in case of,under more favorable condition等。

Without the leadership of the party,we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party,we could not be living a happy today.

A.In spite of

B.But for

C.Because of

D.As for答案选B。

(2)连词，如：so that,unless,in case,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that,on condition that,if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money,I could buy a car.

(注：lest,for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。

II:wish后的that从句中:

1.表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.