大学英语自学教程(上)同步配套题解

您下载的该电子书来自:TXT书库
欢迎访问:
UNIT 1１、Text A

Text A
How to Be a Successful Language Learner?
一、 课文导读
一些人在自己的领域里既聪明又有成就,但却发现学习语言很困难。那么学习语言有没有技巧呢?如何才能成为一名成功的语言学习者呢？本文似乎给你提供了答案。
二、重点单词
disagree guarantee intelligent
conversely similar independent
communicate inexact purpos
etechnique
三、重点短语注释
1.disagree with sb/sth与……有分歧， 与……不一致
I’m sorry to disagree with you/your statement.
很抱谦，我不同意你的意见(你的声明)。
The results of the experiment disagree with those of the last one.
本次实验结果与上次不一致。
cf. (sth) disagree with sb还可指“(食物、气候等)对……有不良影响或对……不适宜”。
The hot and dry weather disagrees with her greatly.
那里炎热干燥的天气对她很不适宜。
The seafood disagrees with me.
这海鲜对我有不良影响。
2.first of all首先，第一(作插入语)
First of all, we must make him change his mind.
首先我们必须使他改变主意。
First of all,you must find out what’s wrong with the computer.
首先，你必须查出计算机出了什么毛病。
cf. most important of all 最为重要的是
Most important of all, we should remember these rules.
最为重要的是，我们应该记住这些规则。
worst of all最为糟糕的是。
Worst of all, he even forgot his name.
最为糟糕的是，他居然忘了自己的名字。
3.depend on/upon依赖，依靠；依……而定，取决于
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依赖父母供给衣食。
He depends on his pen for a living.
他靠笔杆为生。
The success of the meeting depends largely on whether the chairman is efficient.
会议成功与否在很大程度上取决于主席是否干练。
4.be willing to do sth愿意，乐意干……
He is quite willing to pay the price I ask.
他很愿意按照我的要价付钱。
He is willing to talk with that pretty lady.
他乐意和那位漂亮女士谈话。
I’m willing to go to the concert with you.
我愿意和你一起去听音乐会。
……
I’m unwilling to dine out

with Tom…
我不愿意和汤姆一块儿出去吃饭。
He is reluctant to tell us the truth.
他不愿意告诉我们事情的真相。
5.be / feel interested in sth对……感兴趣
Are you interested in classical music?
你对古典音乐感兴趣吗?
I’m not in the least interested in what they are talking about.
我对他们所讨论的事情毫不感兴趣。
cf.take/feel/show/have/interest in sth对……感兴趣的
She takes/feels/shows/has great interest in stampcollecting.
她对集邮有浓厚的兴趣。
6.on the other hand另一方面，该短语可单独使用，也可与on(the) one hand (一方面)连用
Henry had great difficulties playing cards. But on the other hand, he was an awfully good chess player.
亨利打牌不怎么样，但另一方面，他却是位下棋高手。
On the one hand, this is a useful dictionary, (while) on the other hand it is very expensive.
一方面这是一本好字典，而在另一方面它却很昂贵。
四、重点、难点句子详解
1.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain. They try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
他们力图自己去发现句型和语言规则，而不是等着老师进行解释。
instead of，代替。后接名词、动名词或介词。如：
He has been playing all the afternoon, instead of getting on with his work.
他整个下午一直在游玩而不继续工作。
We will have tea in the garden instead of in the home.
我们将在花园里用茶，而不是在室内。
2.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
对他们来说，学会用一种语言思维比知道每个单词的意思更为重要。
在本句中动词不定式to learn to think in the language作句子主语，it做形式主语。不定式to think in the language做learn的宾语。动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语。如：
It is not easy to remember all these words in an hour.
在一个小时内记住这些词可不容易。（作主语）
He promised to be waiting at the door when she came out.
他答应在她出来时在门口等她。（做宾语）
3.On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不防试试上边概括的这些技巧。
less than在句中不是比较级，而是一个固定词组，译为“不太”。如：

Common citizens are less than satisfied with the current policy.
普通公民对现行的政策不太满意。
cf.1) He was less hurt than frightened.
他受的伤不重，但被吓得厉害。
2)no less than 不少于，不减于
He won no less than＄50 in the lottery.
他居然中了五十美元的彩票。
do well to do 最好……；做……的好
You would do well to finish your homework this evening.
你最好今天晚上就完成了作业。
She might do well to go to countryside for a recuperation.
她最好到农村去疗养一段时间。
cf. do sb/oneself well 款待，招待
do well /badly by sb 善待（对待不善）
outlined above 为过去分词短语作后置定语。其作用相当于定语从句。如：
A letter written in pencil.(=which was written in pencil)
用铅笔写的信。
The book recommended by Jack.(=which was recommended by Jack.)
杰克推荐的书。

五、课文参考译文
如何成为一名成功的语言学习者?
“学习一门语言很容易，甚至一个小孩都能做到。”
大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这一说法。对于他们来说，学习一门语言是一件十分困难的事情。他们需要花费数百个小时进行学习和实践，甚至这样也不能确保每一个成年的语言学习者都取得成功。
与学习其他东西不同，一些人在自己的领域既聪明又成功，但却发现学习语言很困难，而那些成功的语言学习者却发现自己很难在其他领域取得成功。
语言教师常常向语言学习者提出诸如此类的建议，“学习一门新语言要尽可能多地进行阅读”；“要每天练习说这门语言”；要“和以此语言为母语的人生活在一起”；“不要总是力图将新语言翻译出来，要尽可能地用它去思维”；“要像孩子学习语言那样，自然地去习得语言”。
然而，一名成功的语言者是怎样做的呢?语言学习方面的研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。
首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。他们不依赖书本或者老师，他们能找到适合自己的语言学习方法。他们力图自己去发现句型和语言规则，而不是等着老师进行解释。他们能够很好地通过猜测寻找线索并形成自己的结论，当他们猜错时，他们会再猜，他们努力地从自己的错误中学习。
成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此，成功的语言学习者不是等待机会去使用语言，而是寻找机会去使

用它。他们找到以此语言为母语的人们并在出错误时请他们给予纠正。他们会想方设法利用语言去交流，他们不怕重复他们听到的内容也不怕说出一些奇怪的话语；他们不怕出差错并勇于反复尝试。交流困难的时候，他们可以接受不准确的或不完整的信息。对于他们来说，学会用一种语言思维比知道每个单词的意思更为重要。
最后，成功的语言学习者是目的明确的学习者。他们学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及讲这门语言的人们感兴趣。为了能和这些人进行交流并向他们学习，学习他们的语言是必要的。他们发现经常练习使用一门语言很容易，因为他们想利用这门语言来学习。
你属于哪一类语言学习者呢?如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，你大概一直在独立地，主动地，目的明确地学习。另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上边概括的这些技巧。
六、练习参考答案
Exercises for the Text
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d
Ⅱ.找出下列词或短语的同义词
1.a task 2.intelligent 3.study
4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat
municate 8.purpose 9.probably
10.outline
Ⅲ.选择最佳词语完成下列句子
1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than
4.Even 5.First of all 6.because
7.on the other hand 8.finally
9.looking for 10.conversely
Ⅳ.把下列句子译成英语
nguage learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
nguage learning is a kind of active learning. Language learners should look for every chance to use the language.
nguage learning should be active, independent and purposeful.
Or:Language learners should learn actively, independently and purposefully.
4.Learning a language is different from learning mathematics.
5.(Language)Teachers often offer us the successful experience in language learning.
Vocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ.选择所给单词的适当形式填空，注意其词性
1.a.success b.successful c.successfully
2.a.independence b.depend c.dependent
3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered
(注：三词均为动词，cover意为“覆盖、盖上”；uncover意为“揭开……的盖子，打开”，discover 意为“发现”)
4.a.purposeful b.purposefully c.purpose
Ⅱ.用下列单词的适当形式填空
1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined
municate 5.regularly 6.clues
7.intelligent 8.incomplete 9.sim

ilar
10.statement
Ⅲ.给下列单词加上前缀构成反义词
1.disagree 2.independent 3.incomplete
4.inexact 5.uncover
Ⅳ.把下列句子译成英语
1.They find it hard to master a foreign language.
2.The research shows that successful people are similar in many ways.
3.Successful language learners do not just depend on books or teachers.
4.We’re willing to help our friends.
5.We should learn new things independently, actively and purposefully.




UNIT 1２、Text B

Text B
Language
一、课文导读
什么是语言?是不是所有通过声音或其他方式能进行交流的表达都称为语言?读过本文后，你或许对语言的概念有所认识。
二、重点单词
instance deaf dumb addition
primitive exact consist simply
travel Italian
三、重点短语注
1.not only...but also不但……而且
He is not only a professor, but also a scientist.
他不仅是位教授，而且是位科学家。
Canadians speak not only English, but also French.
加拿大人不仅讲英语，也讲法语。
2.neither...nor既不……也不(谓语动词与相近的主语一致)
He neither knows nor cares what happened.
他既不知道也不在乎发生了什么。
It is neither pleasant to eat nor good for you.
它既不好吃也对你没有好处。
Neither you nor I am interested in it.
你和我对此都不感兴趣。
3.consist of由……组成(不用于进行时态)
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧组成。
The committee consists of 10 members including 2 women.
这个委员会由10人组成，其中包括2名妇女。
(Syns. be made up of, be composed of, 由……组成)
cf.consist in 在于，以……为主要或惟一因素
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划的好处就在于简单易行。
四、重点、难点句子详解
1.For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say “yes” and we move our heads from side to side when we want to say “no”.
当我们想说“是”的时候，我们有时上下点头，而当我们想说“不”的时候，左右摇头。
up and down
1)前后地，往返地如：
Walking up and down the station platform.
在车站上来回地走。
2）上下地，起伏地
The float

bobbed up and down on the water.
漂浮物在水面上浮动。
cf. ups and downs 盛衰，沉浮
2.The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn’t want tea ,so he took it away and brought him some coffee.
这位英国人摇了摇头，侍者便明白了他不想要茶，于是，侍者把茶端走，并端来了咖啡。
take, bring, fetch 这三个词都指“拿，带”的意思。take 指“拿走，带走” bring指“拿来，带来”；
fetch指去了“拿来或带过”，表示一往一返的过程。如：
Who has taken my pen?
谁拿走了我的钢笔?
Bring me the book please。
请把书拿给我。
I am going to fetch my child from the kindergarten.
我要到幼儿园接孩子。
注意take的短语：
take sth away 拿走，清除；take sth back 撤消，收回
take sth down 记录，拆除；take sth out 拔出，拔去
take sth in 包含，吸收
3.The Englishman, she was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty ,looked very sad.
这位英国人此时已十分饥饿，却一点也不渴，他看起来满脸的不高兴。
在此句中who was...not at all thirsty作非限制性定语从句，对先行词Englishman起补充说明作用,实际上相当于一个状语从句的作用。类似的如：
He wishes to write an article, which will attract public attention to this matter.
他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对此事的注意。（目的）
The girl, who is only sixteen years of age, is determined to be a mathematician.
那个姑娘虽然只有16岁，但她决心当数学家。（让步）
look 在此作系动词，后接形容词作补足语。同样的词有taste，fell, smell, sound, etc.如：
The course tastes very delicious.
这道菜尝起来美极了。
Her excuse sounds very hollow, which is unconvincing.
他的借口听起来很空洞，难以令人信服。
4.He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink.
每次侍者给他端来喝的东西他都摇头。
在句中each time是表示时间的名词短语，作连词用法，引导一个时间状语从句，类似的词有the moment , the instant 等。如：
I always found that her hairstyle had great changes each time I met her.
我每次碰见她，都发现她的发型有很大变化。
I set you the news the instant I heard it .
我一听到这消息就立即通知了你。
五、课文参考译文
语 言
当我们想告诉别人我

们想什么时，我们不仅可以借助词语，而且可以通过其他许多方法。例如，当我们想说“是”时，我们有时上下点头，而当我们想说“不”时，我们左右摇头。既不能听又不能说的人(即聋哑人)借助他们的手指互相交谈。彼此听不懂对方语言的人们也得这样做。下边这个故事讲述了人们有时在语言不通的情况下是怎样做的。
从前，一位不会讲意大利语的英国人在意大利旅行。一天，他走进一家饭店，并在餐桌旁边就座。侍者走来的时候，这位英国人张开嘴巴，把手指伸进去，然后又伸出来，并上下翕动双唇。他想通过这种方法对侍者说：“给我拿些吃的来”。侍者很快给他端来了一杯茶。这位英国人摇了摇头，侍者便明白了他不想要茶。于是侍者把茶端走并端来了咖啡。这位英国人此时已十分饥饿，却一点也不渴，他看起来满脸的不高兴。每次侍者给他端来喝的东西他都摇摇头。侍者又给他端来了葡萄酒，然后是啤酒，接着是苏打水，但这些当然都不是食物。他正要离开这家饭店时，另一位旅客进来了。这位新来的旅客看到侍者时，便把手放在腹部。这就足够了：几分钟后他面前的桌子上便摆上了一大盘通心粉和肉。
由此不难看出，原始的手语并不总是能够十分清楚地表达意思，而由词语组成的语言要比手语准确得多。
词语由声音组成，但许多包含意义的声音却并不是词语。例如，当我们要表示“保持安静”时，我们会发出“嘘—嘘—嘘”的声音，婴儿笑时我们知道他们高兴了，婴儿哭时我们知道他们病了或者只是需要吃的或喝的东西。
动物也是一样，狗发出“G—r—r”的声音或猫发出“F—f—f”的声音时，我们知道它们发怒了。
但这些声音都不是语言。语言由词语组成，这些词语可以组合成句子。这一点动物却做不到：狗发出“G—r—r”的声音时表示“我发怒了”。但它却不会先说“我”，然后说“是”，再说“发怒”；鹦鹉能模仿人类说话，它会重复几个完整的句子而且知道它们的意思。我们可以说鹦鹉有说话的能力，但却不能说它会真正地讲话，因为它不能用它所知道的词语组成新的句子。只有人类才能做到这一点。
六、练习参考答案
Exercises for the Text
Ⅰ.根据课文判断句子正误
1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F
6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.F
Ⅱ.根据课文填入所缺内容
1.with the help of their fingers
2.“Bring me something to drink”
3.tea, coffee, wine, beer, soda-water
4.put his hands on his stomach
5.Ma

caroni and meat
6.much more exact
7.meanings,put together into sentences
8.form new sentences
9.talk
10.form new sentences out of the words he knows
Vocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ.从右栏中找出左栏单词的相应释义
1.b 2.a 3.c 4.e 5.d
Ⅱ.选择填空
1.答案为B。not only...but also是一个固定句型，意思是“不但……而且”。
2.答案为A。这是一个常识性问题，聋哑人的交流靠手势。
3.答案为 B。音乐是一种艺术，只要欣赏能力达到了，不同层次，不同语言的人都能理解。
4.答案为D。at a table 表示坐在桌旁。这里不能用by the table。是将桌子看成一个地方，而不是强调在桌子旁边。另外，at table本身就有having a meal，即用餐、用饭的意思。
如：They were at table when we called.
我们去拜访时，他们正在吃饭。
5.答案为A。means汉语意思是：意味着，意思是。
6.答案为A。在此句中，明显可以看出，后半部应是一个时间状语从句，而when, while都可以引导时间状语从句，但when与while在引导时间状语从句时是有区别的。when表示“当……时”，可以是倾刻，也可以是一段时间，即后面的谓语动词，可以是瞬间动词，也可是延续性动词。如：
When I went into the room, he was at work.
当我走进房间时，他正在工作。
I hope to see you when I am in town.
我希望在城里看到你。
而while表示“当……时”，是指在某一段时间里，因此它引导的句子里的动词必须是延续性动词。
7.答案为C。此句意思是：今天我们有足够的人来完成这项工作。seldom是副词， much与 little只修饰不可数名词。
8.答案为C。exact形容词，意思是确切的，准确的。在本句中与形容词clear并列作补语。
9.答案为D。consist of是固定用法，相当于be composed of 。注意，consist是不及物动词，因此不能构成be consisted of 结构。
10.答案为B。as,like都有“像……一样”的意思。as是连词，后跟句子; like是介词，后跟名词或动名词。
Grammar Exercises
Ⅰ.指出下列单词的词性
whether (conj.) towards (prep.)
second (adj./n.) hour(n.)
repeat (v.) successful(adj.)
not (adv.) probably (adv.)
than (conj.) because (conj.)
which (adj./pron.) even (adv./adj.)
intelligent (adj.) differ(v.)
regular (adj.) some (adj./pron.)
into (prep.) oh (interj.)
seem(v

.) communicate (v.)
Ⅱ.指出下列各句中划线单词的词性
1.Let (v.) ’s=us (pron.) round (prep.)
2.fresh (adj.) for (prep.)
3.leave (v.) call(v.) on (prep.)
if (conj.) spare (v.)
4.even (adv.) it (pron.)
5.where (adv.) will (n.)
6.after (prep.) calm (n.)
7.seem (v.) those (pron.) makes (n.)
8.without (prep.) return (n.)
9.strict (adj.) work (v.)
10.news (n.) live (adj.) meeting (v.)
Ⅲ.在下列句子的主语和谓语动词下边划线
1.Most adults would disagree with this statement.
2.How much time did they allow you for doing the work?
3.I had a visit from Mary yesterday.
4.China’s stand on this question is clear to all.
5.Warm clothes protect against the cold of winter.
6.What we need is more practice.
7.There doesn’t seem to be much chance of my getting the job.
8.In those years the cost of living rose by nearly 4 percent.
9.There are a number of people interested in the case.
10.Every means has been tried but without much result.
Ⅳ.指出下列各句中划线单词的成分
1.a magazine 宾语 Last night 状语
2.in need 定语 in deed 定语
3.outside your area 定语
telephoning long distance 主补
4.your children 宾语 all day 状语
5.his direction 介语宾语 French 宾语
6.me 宾语 plenty of exercise 宾语
7.long 宾语 to London 状语
8.those 宾语 help themselves 谓语
9.her 宾语 above others宾补
10.to build a hotel in the village 定语
of the foreigners 定语




UNIT 1３、单元自测题

单元自测题
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
nguage learning is from other kinds of learning.
A. differ B. difficult
C. different D. difference
nguage teachers often offer to language learners.
A. advice B. advise
C. advices D. advises
3.Successful language learners do not depend the book or the teacher.
A. in B. on
C. up D. over
4.Successful learners find people who speak the language and they these people to correct them when they make a mistake.
A. ask for B. order
C. demand D. ask
5.When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or .
A. incomplete B. unnecessary
C. correct D. meaningful

6.It is for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
A. less important B. more important
C. least important D. most important
7.They find it to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
A. with ease B. at ease
C. easy D. easily
8. waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
A. Despite B. In spite of
C. Regardless of D. Instead of
9.When we want to tell other people we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways.
A. that B. what
C. which D. while
10. Language words which we put together into sentences.
A. forms B. makes up
C. consists of D. builds up
Ⅱ. Word Spelling
将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。
1.线索，提示 n. c_ _ _
2.结论，推论 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.技术，技巧 n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.不精确的 a. I_ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.通讯，交流 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.声明，陈述 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.目的，意图 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _
8.聪明的，明智的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.不同意 v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _
10.相似的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _
11.不完整的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12.相反地 adv.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.独立地 adv.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.原始的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.聋的 a. d_ _ _
16.哑的 a. d_ _ _
17.啤酒 n. b_ _ _
18.旅游者 n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.语言 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.成功的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅲ. Word Form
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。
1. language is a very difficult task. (learn)
2.Some people who are very intelligent and in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. (success)
3.Successful language learning active learning. (be)
4.They want to learn the language because they are in the language and the people who speak it. (interest)
5.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to with these people and learn from them. (communication)
6.One day an Englishman a restaurant and sat down at a table. (enter)
7.The Englishman was just to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. (go)
8.When this man saw the waiter, he his hands on his stomach. (put)
9.There are many s

ounds which a meaning. (have)
10.If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning . (independence)
Ⅳ.Cloze Test
下面短文有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。
We all know that man can speak, 1 difficult problems, and create world wonders. It is due to brain powers 2 bring about the amazing achievements. Actually people know 3 about the mystery of the human brain. In ancient times, people thought it was the heart, not the brain, that did the activity of thinking. Scientists have long been doing research 4 the brain to help people 5 better use of it. They have found that the way the brain works is 6 more complicated than they had originally thought. The more they find out, 7 questions they are unable to answer. Now many people believe that we only use a very small part of the brain’s 8 , and that the power of the brain is 9 . The author compares the human brain 10 a mysterious world inside ourselves.
1.A.set B.solve C.settle D.conduct
2.A.that B.which C.it D.what
3.A.few B.many C.little D.a few
4.A.in B.to C.at D.on
5.A.get B.make C.gain D.obtain
6.A.most B.afar C.far D.further
7.A.more B.a more C.much D.the more
8.A.function B.ability
C.capacity D.potential
9.A.limited B.limitless
C. finite D.vast
10.A.in B.with C. to D. for
Ⅴ.Reading Comprehension
阅读下面短文，从短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish(西班牙的) speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I’ll do it”. The resulting discrepancy（差异，矛盾） can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact（相互作用） in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.
1.According to the passage, the present tense in English is .
A.not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future
ed with some verbs but not with others to express future intentio

n
C.basically the same in English as it is in Spanish
D.not the most difficult problem for foreign students
2.According to the passage, language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by .
A.asking native speakers for explanations
B.reading good books in the foreign languages
paring their speech with that of native speakers
D.speaking without regard to native speakers
3.According to the passage, foreign language students who do not interact with native speakers will NOT .
A.learn very much about the foreign culture
B.learn about the history of the foreign language
C.have to worry about making mistakes
D.take advantage of available language models
4.According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because .
A.native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language
munication is the primary goal of language learning
C.native speakers will ignore their mistakes
D.everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language
5.The author’s major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that .
A.mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language
B.learners are often very afraid of making mistakes
C.making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language
D.native speakers often do not tell foreign language learners about their mistakes
Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English
将下面的句子译成英语。
1.学习一门语言很容易。
2.成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。
3.他们情愿犯错误。
4.一些人借助手指相互交谈。
5.鹦鹉能模仿人说话。
Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese
将下面短文译成汉语。
When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as the words or vocabulary. No one teaches them; children just “pick them up.”Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being acquired (学到), and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling(咿呀说) stage.”
A child does not learn the language “all at once.” The child’s first utterances (言语) are oneword “sentences”. After a few months, the twoword stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These twoword sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships. Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child wi

ll produce longer sentences. These longer sentences are mainly made up of content words. The child’s early grammar lacks many of the rules of the adult grammar, but eventually it will become mature.




UNIT 1４、参考答案

参考答案
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A
6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C
Ⅱ.Word Spelling
1.clue 2.conclusion
3.technique 4.inexact
munication 6.statement
7.purpose 8.intelligent
9.disagree 10.similar
11.incomplete 12.conversely
13.independently 14.primitive
15.deaf 16.dumb
17.beer 18.traveler
nguage 20.successful
Ⅲ.Word Form
1.learning 2.successful
3.is 4.interested
municate 6.entered
7.going 8.put
9.have 10.independently
Ⅳ.Cloze Test
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B
6.C 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.C
Ⅴ.Reading Comprehension
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese
1.Learning a language is easy.
2.Successful language learners are similar in many ways.
3.They are willing to make mistakes.
4.Some people talk to each other with the help of their fingers.
5.Parrots can talk like a man.
Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English
当儿童学习语言时，他们在学习词汇的同时也学习了语法。没有人教他们，他们只是在不经意中毫不费力地学会语言。在婴儿开始说单词以前，他们只是发出声音。如果有些声音出现在他们正在学的语言当中，这些声音会保留下来，而其他的声音就会消失。这被称为“咿呀学语阶段”。
儿童不是“突然间”学会语言的。儿童言语的第一阶段是独词“句”。几个月后，出现双词阶段。在这个阶段，儿童把两个词放在一起。这些双词句具有特定的模式，能表达语法及语意上的关系。再过一段时间，即在电文体阶段，儿童就说出较长的句子。这些较长的句子由表达句子主要内容的词组成。儿童的早期语法缺乏很多成人语法的规则，但它将逐渐完善。





更多免费txt电子书，欢迎您到下载
声明：本电子书仅供读者预览,请在下载24小时内删除，不得用作商业用途；如果喜欢请购买正版图书！