岩土工程专业词汇
岩土工程专业词典
岩土工程专业词汇——A辑•absorbed water 吸着水•aging 老化abutment 桥台•allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力•acoustic emission of rock 岩石声发射•allowable settlement 容许沉降•acoustic prospecting 声学探测•alluvial fan 冲积扇•active earth pressure 主动土压力•alluvial soil 冲积土•alternating load 交变荷载•active fault 活断层•anchoring，bolting 锚固bolting（螺栓连接, 拧紧）•activity index 活动性指数•anchor slab wall 锚定板墙•additional stress,superimposed stress 附加应力•anticline 背斜•aquifer 含水层•adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象•artesian(自流井的) pressure head 承压水头•aeolian deposit 风积土•artificial fill 人工填土•aeration(通风) zone water 包气带水•attitude 产状•average thickness method 平均厚度法•aggregate for concrete 混凝土骨料岩土工程专业词汇——B辑•back analysis 反演分析•bearing capacity factor 承载力因数•base course 道路基层•bearing stratum 持力层•bed rock 基岩•berm 反压平台( 反压马道)•boulder(stone block) 漂石( 块石)•Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论•Boussinesq theory 布辛涅斯克理论•Bishop's somplified method of slices 毕肖普简化条分法•bridge pier 桥墩brittle failure 脆性破坏•bulk modulus 体积模量blasting 爆破•buoyancy 浮托力block theory 块体理论•buttress retaining wall 支墩式挡墙•body force 体积力borrow area 取土场•by-pass seepage 绕渗岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•Cahtornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比•cobble 卵石( 碎石)•coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数•cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡墙•coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数•capillary water 毛细管水•categortzatlon of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级•coefficient of consolidation 固结系数•cemment stabilization 水泥加固•coefficient of curvature 曲率系数•central load 中心荷载( 轴心荷载) •coefficient of deformation due to leaching 溶滤变形系数•Cerruti‘ssolution 色卢铁解答•coefficient of permeability 渗透系数•check dam 谷坊chemical grouting 化学灌浆•coeffieient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数•coarse aggregate 粗骨料•coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数•coarse-grained soil 粗粒土•coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数•compression index 压缩指数•coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数•compressive strength 抗压强度•coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数•concentrated load 集中荷载( 点荷载)•coefficient of weathering 风化系数•concrete faced rockfill dam 混凝土面板堆石坝•cohesion 粘聚力•cone penetration test(CPT) 静力触探试验•cohesionless soil 无粘性土•cohesive soil 粘性土•confined warer 承压水•collapsibility 湿陷性•consistency limit 稠度界限•collapsibility test of loess 黄土湿陷试验•consolidated-drained triaxial test 固结排水三轴试验•collapsible soil 湿陷性土•consolidated quick shear test 固结快剪试验•combined bolting and shotcrete 喷锚支护•consolidated - undrainbd triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验•compaetibility 压实性•compaction by rolling 碾压法•compaction grouting method 挤密喷浆法•consolidation 固结•consolidation cure 固结曲线岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•compacting mechinery 碾压机械•consolidation grouting 固结灌浆•compaction test 击实试验•composite ground 复合地基•consolidation settlement 固结沉降•composite slip surface 复合滑动面•consolidation test 固结试验•comprehensive engineering geological map 综合工程地质图岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•constitutive relation of soil土的本构关系( 本构模型) •compressibility 压缩性•constrained grain size 限制粒径•Coulomb's earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论•counterfort retaining wall 扶壁式挡墙•constrained modulus 压缩模量•crack growth 裂纹扩展creep 蠕变•contact pressure 基底压力( 接触压力)•critical edge pressure 临塑荷载•contour map of groundwater 地下水等水位线图•critical height of slope( 土坡) 临界高度•control of underground water 地下水控制•critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度•core of rock 岩芯•core recovery 岩芯采取率•critical void ratio 临界孔隙比•core wall 心墙•corner-points method 角点法•cross - hole method 跨孔法•curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆•Coulomb - Navier strength theory 库仑—纳维强度理论•cushion 垫层cutting 路堑•cutoff wall 截水墙cyclic load 周期荷载岩土工程专业词汇——D辑•Darcy's law 达西定律•Degree of consolidation 固结度•debris flow 泥石流•degree of saturation 饱和度•deep mixing method 深层搅拌法•delayed elasticity 弹性后效•deep soil stabilization 深层土加固•densification by explosion 爆炸加密法•deep well method 深井法•degree of compaction 压实度•densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩•density 密度•depletion coefficient 疏干系数•dispersion coefficient 弥散系数•developing chart of exploratory drift坑洞展示图•dispersive clay 分散性粘土•disturbed soil sample 扰动土样•dewatering method 降水法•differential settlement 沉降差•diversion tunnel 导流洞•down-hole method 下孔法•dike ，levee 堤drainage method 排水法•dilatancy 剪胀性dynamic consolidation 强夯法•dilatancy of rock 岩石扩容•dynamic load 动荷载diluvial fan 洪积扇•dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验•diluvial soil 洪积土[ dai’lju:vjel ]•direct shear test 直剪试验•dynamic simple shear test 动单剪试验•disaster geology 灾害地质学•dynamic triaxial test 动三错轴试验•dislocation 位错岩土工程专业词汇——E辑•earth dam 土坝•effective grain size 有效粒径•earth material 土料•earth pressure at rest 静止土压力•effective porosity 有效孔隙率•effective stress 有效应力•earthquake engineering 地震工程学•effective stress analysis 有效应力分析•earthquake subsidence 震陷•elastic strain 弹性应变•electrical prospecting 电法勘探•earth — rock dam 土石坝•earthwork 土石方工程electro-osmosis 电渗法•eccentric load 偏心荷载embankment 路堤•engineering geologic columnar profile•工程地质柱状图•environmental geotechnics 环境岩士工程•engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘探•equipotential line 等势线•engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探•equivalent opening size(EOS) 等效孔径•engmeering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价•excavating machinery 挖掘机械•engineering geologic map 工程地质图•excavation 挖方•excess pore water pressure 超静水压力•engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘•expanded polystyrene(EPS) [ ’poli ’staieri:n ]•聚苯乙烯发泡材料•engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图•expansive soil 膨胀土岩土工程专业词汇——F辑•fabric sheet reinforced earth 铺网法•fine-grained soil 细粒土fissuerd clay 裂隙粘土•factor of safety 安全系数fissure water 裂隙水•failure strength 破坏强度•flat jack technique 扁千斤顶法•fall of ground 冒顶fatigue strength 疲劳强度•flow line 流线fault 断层•flow net 流网•field identification of soil 土的现场鉴别•fold 褶皱fraction 粒组•field observation 现场观测•fracture mechanics 断裂力学•fill 填方fracture zone 断裂破碎带•filter 反滤层free face 临空面•final settlement 最终沉降•free swelling ratio 自由膨胀率•fine aggregate 细骨料free water 自由水•frost heave 冻胀freezing method 冻结法•frost — heave capacity 冻胀量•french drain 盲沟fresh rock 新鲜岩石•frost heaving pressure 冻胀力•friction — resistance ratio 摩阻比•frozen soil 冻土岩土工程专业词汇——G辑•gap — graded soil 不连续级配土•geosynthetics 土工合成材料•geotechnical centrifugal model土工离心模型试验•general shear failure 整体剪切破坏•geotechnical engineering 岩土工程•geocomposite 土工复合材料•geotechnical engineering investigation岩土工程勘察•Geodrain/prefabricated（预制）strip drain 塑性排水带法•Geofabriform 土工模袋geogrid 土工格栅•geotextiles 土工织物•geologic environment 地质环境•gradation 级配grain size 粒径•grain size distribution curve 粒径分布曲线•geologic structure 地质构造•gravelly soil 砾类土gravitational water 重力水•geomechanical model test 地质力学模型试验•gravity retaining wall 重力式挡墙•geomembrane 土工膜geomorphology 地貌•Griffith 's strength criterion 格里菲斯强度准则•geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探•ground fracturing 地裂ground water 地下水•ground treatment 地基处理•geostatic stress 自重应力岩土工程专业词汇——G辑•groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学•groundwater regime 地下水动态•groundwater storage 地下水贮藏量•groundwater hardness 地下水硬度•groundwater monitoring 地下水监测•groin，spur dike丁坝grouting 灌浆•groundwater pollution 地下水污染•grouting test 灌浆试验guide adit 导洞•groundwater recharge 地下水补给量岩土工程专业词汇——H辑•hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度•hydrogeological drilling 水文地质钻探•hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘查•hydraulic fracturing technique 水力劈裂法•hydrogeology 水文地质学•hydrostatic pressure 静水压力•hydraulic fill 水力冲填•hydraulic gradient 水力梯度•heaving of the bottom 基坑底隆胀•hydraulic tunnel 水工隧道岩土工程专业词汇——I辑•influence chart 感应图•influence chart 感应图•infra - red detection 红外探测•internal friction angle 内摩擦角•investigation stage 勘察阶段•isochrone 等时孔压线•isoline method 等值线法•interstrated water 层间水岩土工程专业词汇——J、K辑•jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法•joint 节理•Kaiser effect 凯塞效应•karst land feature 喀斯特地貌•karst 喀斯特( 岩溶)•karst collapse 喀斯特塌陷•Ko — consolidation Ko 固结岩土工程专业词汇——L辑•Lamilar flow 层流line load 线荷载•landform unit 地貌单元•liquefaction of sand 砂土液化•landslide 滑坡landslide mass 滑坡体•liquefaction potential 液化势•land subsidence 地面下沉laterite 红土•liquidity index 液性指数liquid limit 液限•layerwise summation method 分层总和法•local shear failure 局部剪切破坏•loess 黄土/’louis/ lime pile method 石灰桩法•loess - like soil 黄土状土lime soil pile 灰土桩lime treated soil 灰土longitudinal dike 顺坝•limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法•long-term modulus 长期模量•linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率•long-term stability 长期稳定性•Lugeon unit 吕荣单位岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•magmatic rock(igneous rock) 岩浆岩( 火成岩)•modulus of elasticity 弹性模量( 杨氏模量)•marine soil 海积土•masonry retaining wall 砌体挡墙•modulus of pressuremeter 旁压仪模量•maximum dry density 最大干密度•Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律•mechanical properties of rock 岩石力学性质岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•monitoring of landslide 滑坡监测•mechanics of granular media 散体力学•monitoring of pore-water pressure孔隙水压力监测•metamorphic rock 变质岩•monitoring of settlement and deformation沉降变形监测•method of slice 条分法micro-crack 微裂纹岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•Mindlin’s solution 明德林解答muck 淤泥•monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of tunnel 洞室围岩变形监测•modified Griffith 's criterion•修正的格里菲斯准则•mini pile 微型桩mud pumping 翻浆冒泥•modulus of deformation 变形模量岩土工程专业词汇——N辑•natural angle of repose 天然休止角•New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NATM) 新奥法•natural building materials 天然建筑材料•non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降•needle — punched geotextile 针刺土工织物•nonwoven geotextile 无纺土工织物•normalization 归一化•normally consolidation soil 正常固结土岩土工程专业词汇——O辑•optinum moisture content 最优含水率•overburden pressure 覆盖压力•organic soil 有机质土•overconsolidation soil 超固结土•osmosic pressure method 渗透压法•over consolidation ratio(OCR) 超固结比•out and cover method 明挖法•over coarse-grained soil 巨粒土•overbreak 超挖overburden layer 覆盖层岩土工程专业词汇——P辑•packed drain ，fabric-enclosed drain 袋装砂井•permeability 渗透性•parallel section method 平行断面法•phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水•parapet wall 防浪墙•peremeability test 渗透试验•particle size analysis 颗粒分析试验•physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质•passive earth pressure 被动土压力•piezocone test(CPTU) 孔压静力触探试验•peak strength 峰值强度•piezometric head 测压管水头•peat 泥炭penetration resistace 贯入阻力•pipe jacking method 顶管法•perched water 上层滞水piping 管涌•plane strain test 平面应变试验•plastic failure 塑性破坏•plastic flow 塑流•porosity 孔隙率•plastic limit 塑限•preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力•plastic strain 塑性应变•plastic zone 塑性区•preloading method 预压法•plasticity chart 塑性图•pressure bulb 压力泡•plasticity index 塑性指数•pressuremeter test(PMT) 旁压试验•plate loading test 平板荷载试验•primary stress 初始应力( 地应力) •point loading test 点荷载试验•primary consolidation 主固结•Poisson's ratio 泊松比•poorly-graded soil 不良级配土•principle of effective stress 有效应力原理•pore air pressure 孔隙气压力•progressive failure 渐近破坏•pore pressure 孔隙压力•prototype monitoring 原型监测•pore pressure parameter 孔隙水压力系数•punching shear failure 冲剪破坏•pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比•pump — in test 压水试验•pore water 孔隙水•pumping test 抽水试验•pore water pressure 孔隙水压力岩土工程专业词汇——Q辑•quick sand 流砂•quick shear test 快剪试验岩土工程专业词汇——R辑•radial flat jack technique 径向扁千斤顶法•radius of influence 影响半径•radial wells 辐射井•Rankine's earth pressure theory•兰金土压力理论•rate of settlement 沉降速率•retaining wall 挡土墙( 挡墙) •retardation 滞后•rate of stripping 剥离比•rheology 流变学•rebound modulus 回弹模量•road pavement 道路路面•rebound of foundation 地基回弹•rockburst 岩爆•recharge area 补给区recharge rate 补给率•rock classification 岩石分类•rock engineering 岩石工程•recharge method 回灌法rock fall 岩崩•reclamation 围垦工程rockfill dam 堆石坝•reinforced earth 加筋土rock mass 岩体•reinforced soil wall 加筋土挡墙•rock mass basic quality 岩体基本质量•relative density 相对密度•rock mechanics 岩石力学( 岩体力学) •relaxation time 松弛时间relief well 减压井•rock quality designation(RQD) 岩石质量指标•remolded strength 重塑强度•rolled fill earth dam 碾压土坝•remote sensmg prospecting 遥感勘测•rolling compaction test 碾压试验•reserve of building material 建材储量•root pile 树根桩residual soil 残积土•rose diagram of joints 节理玫瑰图•residual strength 残余强度runoff area 径流区•resonant column test 共振桩试验•rupture，fracture 断裂岩土工程专业词汇——S辑•saline soil 盐渍土sandy soil 砂井土•sand drain 排水砂井saturation curve 饱和曲线•scale effect 尺度效应•shield driving method 盾构法•seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土•shortcrete 喷射混凝土•secondary consolidation 次固结•shrinkage index 缩性指数•shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 侧沟•secondary consolidation settle ment 次固结沉降•simple shear test 单剪试验•sedimentary rock 沉积岩•seepage 渗流slaking 湿化•air slaking潮解, 风化dry slaking干式消化[熟化] •lime slaking石灰熟化; 石灰消化•seepage deformation 渗透变•slide — resistant pile 抗滑桩•slip surface 滑动面•seepage failure 渗透破坏slip zone 滑动带•seepage force 渗流力sloping wall 斜墙•seepage path 渗径•slow shear test 慢剪试验•soft clay 软粘土•self — boring pressuremeter 自钻式旁压仪•soil dynamics 土动力学•oil fabric 土的组构•semi 一infinite elastic body 半无限弹性体•soil flow 流土soil mass 土体•sensitivity 灵敏度soil mechanics 土力学•settlement 沉降soil nailing 土钉•settlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度•soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架•settlement curve 沉降曲线special soil 特殊土•shear modulus 剪切模量soldier pile 排桩•shear strain 剪应变soil structure 土的结构•shear strength 抗剪强度sheet pile wall 板桩墙•specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重•specific grout absorption•单位吸浆量(比吸浆量)•stress concentration 应力集中•specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力•stress controlled test 应力控制试验•specific surface 比表面积•stress distribution 应力分布•specific water absorption 单位吸水量•stress history 应力历史•specific yield 给水度stress level 应力水平•split test 劈裂试验( 巴西试验) •stress path 应力路径•stress recovery method 应力恢复法•stability analysis 稳定分析•stability number 稳定数•stress relaxation 应力松弛•stable crack growth 稳定裂纹扩展•stress relief method 压力解除法•standard penetration test 标准贯入试验•stress space 应力空间•stip load 条形荷载•state of plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡状态•structural block 结构体•steady seepage 稳定渗流•structural plane 结构面stone material 石料•structural types of rock mass 岩体结构类型•stereographlc projection 赤平投影•subsurface runoff 地下径流•storage coefficient 储水系数•sureharge 超载surface force 表面力•strain controlled test 应变控制试验•surface soil stabilization 浅层土加固•strain hardening 应变硬化•surface water 地表水strain space 应变空间•surface wave vecosity method 表面波法•strain softening 应变软化•strength envelope 强度包线•surrounding rock 围岩•surrounding rock stress 围岩应力( 二次应力) •swelling force 膨胀力•swelling index 回弹指数•Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法•swelling ratio 膨胀率•syncline 向斜岩土工程专业词汇——T辑•tailings dam 尾矿坝•total stress analysis 总应力分析•tensile strength 抗拉强度•Terzaghi's consolidation theory太沙基固结理论•transducer 传感器transient load 瞬时荷载•texsol ，fibre soil 纤维土•transmissivity 导水系数•thaw collapsibility 融陷性trench 探槽•thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器•trench out method 挖沟法•triangular method 三角形法•thin wall sampler 薄壁取土器•triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验( 三轴剪切试验) •thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图•tieback wall ，anchored wall 锚杆挡墙•triaxial extension test 三轴伸长试验•time factor 时间因数•torsional shear test 扭剪试验•total mineralization of groundwater •lining 隧道衬砌turbulent flow 紊流•total stress 总应力•true triaxial test 真三轴试验•triaxial test 三轴试验岩土工程专业词汇——U辑•ultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力•unconfined compressive streng th test •无侧限抗压强度试验•underlying stratum 下卧层•unconsolidated undrained 不固结不排水•underpinning 托换技术•under-consolidated soil 欠固结土岩土工程专业词汇——U辑•undisturbed soil sample不扰动土样( 原状土样) •uniformly distributed load 均布荷载•underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙•unit weight 容量•up — hole method 上孔法•underground opening 地下洞室•uplift pressure 扬压力岩土工程专业词汇——V辑•vacuum preloading 真空预压法•vertical shaft 竖井vibroflotation 振冲法•valley terrace 河谷阶地•void ratio 孔隙比•vane shear test 十字板剪切试验•volumetric strain 体应变•volume shrinkage ratio 体缩率•varved clay 带状粘土岩土工程专业词汇——W辑•water bearing capacity 容水量•weathered crust 风化壳•water content 含水率•weathered rock 风化岩石•water injeeting test 注水试验•weathered zone 风化带•weathering 风化作用•water retaining capacity 持水度•weathering degree of rock 岩石风化程度•weak intercalated layer 软弱夹层•well point 井点排水•well — graded soil 良好级配土•weak structural plane 软弱结构面。
岩土工程专业英语词汇English for Geotechnical Engineering之三
岩土工程专业英语词汇English for Geotechnical EngineeringVII. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机VIII. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率IX. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结。
土木岩土工程专业术语英语词汇
土木工程工程地质岩土工程专业术语专业英语专业词汇岩层岩性lithology，人工堆积artificial accumulation，块石碎石土block and rubble，崩坡积avalanche slope accumulation，坡积slope accumulation，碎石土rubble，残坡积residual slope accumulation，坡洪积diluvial slope accumulation，砂卵砾石sand gravel，冰水堆积outwash accumulation，砂岩夹砾岩夹页岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate and shale，变质砂岩metamorphic sandstone，硅质板岩siliceous slate，千枚状板岩phyllitic slate，变质砾岩metamorphic conglomerate，砂岩夹砾岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate，地质构造geological structure，剪裂隙scisson，实测、推测平移断层actual measured and speculative strike-slip fault，实测、推测逆断层actual measured and speculative thrust fault，实测、推测正断层actual measured and speculative normal fault，不同纪系地层分界线formation boundary for different system，实测、推测同纪系地层分界线actual measured and speclative formationboundary for the same system ，岩性相变界线lithofacies change boundary，断层破碎带fractured zone of the fault，地貌及物理地质现象surface feature and geophysical phenomenon，阶地前缘（齿数代表阶地级数）front of the terrace(tooth number for terraceclass)，勘探及其他exploration and othera semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD) consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU) consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strength|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering|国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surface|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrinkage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of building|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数zonal soil|区域性土一. 综合类geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering基础工程soil, earth土soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for totalstressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),asa pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of drivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile loadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singlepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验。
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇
序号名词（中文）名词（英文）1K0固结consolidation under K0 condition2K0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained test 3K0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test4阿太堡界限Atterberg limits5安息角（台）angle of repose6安息角（台）angle of repose7巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory8板桩sheet pile9板桩结构sheet pile structure10板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts11饱和度degree of saturation12饱和密度saturated density13饱和土saturated soil14饱和重度saturated unit weight15杯形基础16贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile17被动土压力passive earth pressure18被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure 19本构模型constitutive model20比奥固结理论Biot's consolidation theory21比重specific gravity22比重试验specific gravity test23比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity24比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity25毕肖普法Bishop method26边界面模型boundary surface model27边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope28变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test29变形deformation30变形模量modulus of deformation31变质岩metamorphic rock32标准冻深standard frost penetration33标准贯入试验standard penetration test34表层压密法surface compaction35表面波试验surface wave test36冰川沉积glacial deposit37冰积层（台）glacial deposit38波的弥散特性dispersion of waves39波动方程分析Wave equation analysis40波速法wave velocity method41泊松比Poisson's ratio42补偿性基础compensated foundation43不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 44不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 45不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength46不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 47布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq's solution48材料阻尼material damping49残积土eluvial soil, residual soil50残余变形residual deformation51残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure52残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction53残余强度residual strength54层理beding55层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model56长期强度long-term strength57长石feldspar58常规固结试验routine consolidation test59常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test60场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile61超弹性模型hyperelastic model62超固结比over-consolidation ratio63超固结土overconsolidated soil64超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure65超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure66超声波试验ultrasonic wave test67超载预压surcharge preloading68沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile69沉积岩sedimentary rock70沉降settlement71沉降比settlement ratio72沉井基础open-end caisson foundation73沉箱基础box caisson foundation74成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile75承台pile caps76承压水confined water77承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test78持力层bearing stratum79充盈系数fullness coefficient80充重塑土81冲剪破坏punching shear failure82冲填土dredger fill83稠度consistency84初始液化initial liquefaction85触变thixotropy86次层（台）substratum87次层（台）substratum88次固结secondary consolidation89次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement90次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation91次生矿物secondary mineral92次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin93达西定律Darcy's law94大地工程geotechnical engineering95袋装砂井sand wick96单独基础individual footing97单剪仪simple shear apparatus98单粒结构single-grained structure99单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation100单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test101单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test102单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile103单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile104单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile105单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile106单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 107单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 108单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 109挡土墙retaining wall110挡土墙排水设施111挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall112倒梁法inverted beam method113德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion114等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test115等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test116等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test117等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method118邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model119低桩承台low pile cap120地工织物geofabric, geotextile121地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil122地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 123地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil124地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment125地基固有周期natural period of soil site126地基固有周期natural period of soil site127地基固有周期natural period of soil site128地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil129地基稳定性stability of foundation soil130地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil131地下连续墙diaphgram wall132地下水groundwater133地震earthquake, seism, temblor134地震持续时间duration of earthquake135地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 136地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum137地震烈度earthquake intensity138地震震级earthquake magnitude139地震卓越周期seismic predominant period140地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake141地质年代geological age142地质图geological map143点承桩（台）end-bearing pile144电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting145电渗法electro-osmotic drainage146电渗法electro-osmotic drainage147顶升纠偏法148定喷directional jet grouting149动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method150动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils151动剪切强度152动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq153动力触探试验dynamic penetration test154动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula155动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor156动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor157动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor158动力性质dynamic properties of soils159动强度dynamic strength of soils160动强度dynamic strength of soils161冻土frozen soil, tjaele162冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement163端承桩end-bearing pile164短桩处理treatment with short pile165断层fault166断裂构造fracture structure167堆载预压法preloading168对数递减率logrithmic decrement169多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation170垛式挡土墙171法兰基灌注桩Franki pile172反分析法back analysis method173反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test174反压饱和法back pressure saturation method175非饱和土unsaturated soil176非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model177费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices178分层总和法layerwise summation method179分散性土dispersive soil180粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method181粉土silt, mo182粉质粘土silty clay183峰值强度peak strength184蜂窝结构honeycomb structure185伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter186扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall187负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure188负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile189附加应力superimposed stress190复合地基composite foundation191盖帽模型cap model192干密度dry density193干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile194干重度dry unit weight195刚塑性模型rigid plastic model196刚性基础rigid foundation197刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 198刚性系数coefficient of rigidity199钢板桩steel sheet pile200钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile201钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles 202钢桩steel pile203钢桩steel pile204高杯口基础205高岭石kaolinite206高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test207高压喷射注浆法jet grounting208高桩承台high-rise pile cap209割线模量secant modulus210割线模量secant modulus211隔振isolation212各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 213各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test214工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration215共振柱试验resonant column test216骨架波akeleton waves in soils217固结consolidation218固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test219固结沉降consolidation settlement220固结度degree of consolidation221固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test222固结理论theory of consolidation223固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test224固结曲线consolidation curve225固结试验consolidation test226固结速率rate of consolidation227固结系数coefficient of consolidation228固结压力consolidation pressure229管涌piping230管涌piping231灌浆材料injection material232灌浆法grouting233灌注桩cast-in-place pile234灌注桩cast-in-place pile235广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion236广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion237规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification238硅化法silicification239过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil240海积层（台）marine deposit241海相沉积marine deposit242含水量water content, moisture content243含水量试验water content test244汉森地基承载力公式Hansen's ultimate bearing capacity formula245夯实桩compacting pile246横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles247红粘土red clay, adamic earth248后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall249护壁泥浆slurry coat method250花岗岩granite251滑坡landslide252化石fossil253化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock254化学灌浆chemical grouting255环剪试验ring shear test256换填法cushion257黄土loess, huangtu(China)258黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test259灰土桩lime soil pile260回弹变形rebound deformation261回弹模量modulus of resilience262回弹曲线rebound curve263回弹系数coefficient of resilience264回弹指数swelling index265回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile266活性指数267击实试验268机挖异形灌注桩269基础工程foundation engineering270基础加压纠偏法271基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation272基础墙foundation wall273基础振动foundation vibration274基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 275基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 276基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation277基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction278基底附加应力net foundation pressure279基底隆起heave of base280基坑降水dewatering281基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit282基坑围护bracing of foundation pit283级配gradation, grading284极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium285极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium286集总参数法lumped parameter method287几何阻尼geometric damping288挤密灌浆compaction grouting289挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column290挤淤法displacement method291加工软化work softening292加工硬化work hardening293加工硬化定律strain harding law294加筋法reinforcement method295加筋土reinforced earth296加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead297加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio298减压井relief well299剪切应变速率shear strain rate300剪胀dilatation301碱液法soda solution grouting302建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building303剑桥模型Cambridge model304浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method305降低地下水位法dewatering method306降低地下水位法dewatering method307交叉条形基础cross strip footing308角点法corner-points method309阶地terrace310接触压力contact pressure311节理joint312结合水bound water, combined water, held water313解理cleavage314界限含水量Atterberg limits315界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test316浸润线phreatic line317井点系统well point system318井径比drain spacing ratio319井阻well resistance320静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)321静力触探试验static cone penetration test322静力压桩silent piling323静力载荷试验plate loading test324静止土压力earth pressue at rest325静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest326纠偏技术327局部剪切破坏local shear failure328喀斯特karst329卡萨格兰德法Casagrande's method330抗拔桩uplift pile331抗滑桩anti-slide pile332抗剪强度shear strength333抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter334抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength335抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength336抗液化强度liquefaction stress337柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model338颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test339颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 340壳体基础shell foundation341可塑性plasticity342坑式托换pit underpinning343孔隙比void ratio344孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil345孔隙率porosity346孔隙气压力pore air pressure347孔隙水压力pore water pressure348孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test 349孔隙压力系数A pore pressure parameter A350孔隙压力系数B pore pressure parameter B351库尔曼法Culmann method352库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction353库仑方程Coulomb's equation354库仑土压力理论Coulomb's earth pressure theory 355跨孔试验cross-hole test356块体共振试验block resonant test357快剪试验quick direct shear test358快速固结试验fast consolidation test359矿物硬度hardness of minerals360扩展基础spread footing361拉杆tie rod362拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model363拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion364朗肯土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure theory 365朗肯状态Rankine state366冷热处理法freezing and heating367离心模型试验centrifugal model test368理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model369砾岩conglomerate370粒度granularity, grainness, grainage371粒组fraction, size fraction372连续加荷固结试验continual loading test373临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient374临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model 375临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics376临塑荷载critical edge pressure377流变学模型rheological model378流动规则flow rule379流函数flow function380流滑flow slide381流土flowing soil382流网flow net383陆相沉积continental sedimentation384螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test385曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect386慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test387毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test388毛细管水capillary water389锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall390锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall391锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall392锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning393锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall394锚固技术anchoring395锚固技术anchoring396锚座Anchorage397梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof's ultimate bearing capacity formula 398蒙脱石montmorillonite399密度density400密度试验density test401密实度compactionness402明德林解Mindlin's solution403摩擦圆法friction circle method404摩擦桩friction pile405摩尔包线Mohr's envelope406摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory407摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion408摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method409木板桩wooden sheet pile410木桩timber piles411木桩timber piles412内摩擦角angle of internal friction413内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory414内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model415泥石流mud flow, debris flow416泥炭peat, bog muck417粘弹性模型viscoelastic model418粘聚力cohesion419粘土clay420粘土矿物421粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil422粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil423凝灰岩tuff424牛轭湖ox-bow lake425扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus426纽马克感应图Newmark chart427排水固结法consolidation428旁压试验pressurementer test429喷射井点eductor well point430膨胀率试验swelling rate test431膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil432膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment433劈裂灌浆fracture grouting434片筏基础mat foundation435平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter436平面应变仪plane strain apparatus437破坏准则failure criterion438破裂角angle of rupture439普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory440铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope441铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope442潜变（台）creep443潜水ground water444浅层处理shallow treatment445浅成岩hypabyssal rock446浅基础shallow foundation447欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil448嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock449强夯法dynamic compaction450墙下条形基础451切线模量tangent modulus452切线模量tangent modulus453侵入岩intrusive rock454轻便触探试验light sounding test455清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model456区域性土zonal soil457曲率系数coefficient of curvature458屈服面yield surface459取土器geotome460群桩pile groups461群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 462群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups463群桩效应efficiency of pile groups464热摩奇金法Zemochkin's method465人工地基artificial foundation466人工填土fill, artificial soil467容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure468柔性基础flexible foundation469蠕变creep470褥垫pillow471软土地基soft clay ground472软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle473瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method474三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram475三相土tri-phase soil476三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement477三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test478三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test479砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test480砂沸sand boiling481砂沸sand boiling482砂井sand drain483砂井sand drain484砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 485砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 486砂土sand487砂岩sandstone488砂桩sand column489砂嘴spit, sand spit490筛分析sieve analysis491山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area492山岩压力rock pressure493上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis 494深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement495深层搅拌法deep mixing method496深成岩plutionic rock497深基础deep foundation498深井点deep well point499沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method500渗流seepage501渗流量seepage discharge502渗流速度seepage velocity503渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting504渗透力seepage force505渗透破坏seepage failure506渗透试验permeability test507渗透系数coefficient of permeability508渗透性permeability509湿化试验slaking test510湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure511湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility512湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess513湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment514十字板剪切试验vane shear test515十字板抗剪强度vane strength516石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method517石灰岩limestone518石灰桩lime column, limepile519石英quartz520时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method521时间因子time factor522势函数potential function523收缩试验shrinkage test524树根桩root pile525竖直群桩横向极限承载力526数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics527双参数地基模型528双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion529双曲线模型hyperbolic model530水力梯度hydraulic gradient531水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio532水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method533水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting534瞬时沉降immediate settlement535斯宾赛法Spencer method536斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton's ultimate bearing capacity formula537松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion538松散堆积物rickle539素填土plain fill540塑料排水带plastic drain541塑限试验plastic limit test542塑性变形plastic deformation543塑性图plasticity chart544塑性形变理论545塑性指数plasticity index546碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 547碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar548损耗角loss angle549缩限shrinkage limit550缩限试验shrinkage limit test551太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory552太沙基固结理论Terzaghi's consolidation theory553太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation554泰勒法Taylor method555谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix556谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus557谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory558谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model559谈弹性变形elastic deformation560谈弹性变形elastic deformation561谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 562谈弹性模量elastic modulus563谈弹性模量elastic modulus564谈弹性模型elastic model565谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium566谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium567掏土纠偏法568体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus569天然地基natural foundation570条分法slice method571条形基础strip footing572土soil, earth573土的构造soil texture574土的结构soil structure575土动力学soil dynamics576土工聚合物Geopolymer577土工模型试验geotechnical model test578土工织物geofabric, geotextile579土工织物试验geotextile test580土力学soil mechanics581土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles582土坡slope583土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis584土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability585土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability586土压力earth pressure587土中气air in soil588土中水water in soil589土桩earth pile590团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith591托换技术underpinning technique592外掺剂additive593往返活动性reciprocating activity594围限地下水（台）confined ground water595未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay596魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model597魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic's ultimate bearing capacity formula598文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model599无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength600无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test601无量纲频率dimensionless frequency602无损检测nondestructive testing603无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil604无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test605无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile606吸收系数absorption coefficient607吸收系数absorption coefficient608下孔法试验down-hole test609下卧层substratum610先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure611先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure612现场渗透试验field permeability test613限定粒径constrained diameter614相对密度relative density, density index615相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction616箱形基础box foundation617泻湖lagoon618休止角angle of repose619修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model620絮状结构flocculent structure621悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall622悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall623悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall624旋喷jet grouting625旋转挤压灌注桩626压密（台）consolidation627压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test628压密度（台）degree of consolidation629压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test630压密试验consolidation test631压密系数coefficient of consolidation632压缩层633压缩模量modulus of compressibility634压缩曲线cpmpression curve635压缩系数coefficient of compressibility636压缩性compressibility637压缩性compressibility638压缩指数compression index639岩爆rock burst640岩层产状attitude of rock641岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock642岩脉dike, dgke643岩石rock644岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering645岩石构造structure of rock646岩石结构texture of rock647岩体rock mass648岩土工程geotechnical engineering649扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method650药液灌浆chemical grouting651页岩shale652液化liquefaction653液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential654液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction655液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method656液限liquid limit657液限试验liquid limit test658液性指数liquidity index659一维固结one dimensional consolidation660伊利土illite661应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus 662应力波stress waves in soils663应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus 664应力路径stress path665应力路径法stress path method666游离水（台）free water667有机质含量试验organic matter content test668有机质土organic soil669有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size670有效密度effective density671有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction672有效应力effective stress673有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope674有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter675有效应力原理principle of effective stress676有效应力原理principle of effective stress677有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept678有效重度effective unit weight679淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush680淤泥质土mucky soil681预浸水法presoaking682预压法preloading683预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure684原生矿物primary mineral685原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve686原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement687原位试验in-situ soil test688原状土undisturbed soil689圆弧分析法circular arc analysis690云母mica691杂填土miscellaneous fill692再压缩曲线recompression curve693造岩矿物rock-forming mineral694褶皱fold, folding695真空井点vacuum well point696真空预压vacuum preloading697真内摩擦角true angle internal friction698真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus699真粘聚力true cohesion700振冲法vibroflotation method701振冲密实法vibro-compaction702振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column703振冲置换法vibro-replacement704振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test705振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting706振陷dynamic settlement707整体剪切破坏general shear failure708正常固结土normally consolidated soil709正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil710支撑围护braced cuts711直剪仪direct shear apparatus712直接单剪试验direct simple shear test713直接剪切试验direct shear test714质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system715置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio716重锤夯实法tamping717重力密度unit weight718重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall719主动土压力active earth pressure720主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure721主固结primary consolidation722主压密（台）primary consolidation723柱下条形基础724桩piles725桩基动测技术dynamic pile test726桩式托换pile underpinning727桩土应力比stress ratio728准弹性模型hypoelastic model729准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure730自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 731自振柱试验free vibration column test732自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess733自重应力self-weight stress734总应力total stress approach of shear strength735总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope736总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter 737阻尼damping of soil738阻尼比damping ratio739组构fabric740钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation741钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile742钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile743钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section744最大干密度maximum dry density745最后贯入度final set746最后贯入度final set747最优含水量optimum water content748最终沉降final settlemen。
岩土工程专业英语词汇
岩土工程专业英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidatio n theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
(完整)岩土专业词汇
(完整)岩土专业词汇Part 1 Generalwords岩土工程Geotechnical engineering 基础工程Foundation engineering 土soil ，earth`土力学soil mechanics周期荷载cyclic loading卸载再加载reloading粘弹性地基viscoelastic foundation 粘滞阻尼viscous damping剪切模量shear modulus土动力学soil dynamics应力路径stress pathPart 2 Types of soil残积土residual soil地下水groundwater地下水位groundwater level /groundwater table粘土矿物clay minerals次生矿物secondary minerals滑坡landslide钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section工程地质勘察engineering geologic investigation 漂石boulder卵石(完整)岩土专业词汇cobble砂石gravel砾砂gravelly sand 粗砂coarse sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sand粉土silty sand粘性土clayey soil 粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂质粉土sandy silt粘质粉土clayey silt 饱和土saturated soil非饱和土unsaturated soil填土filled soilPart 3 Permeability and seepage 达西定律Darcy’s law管涌piping流土flowing soil砂沸sand boiling流网flow net渗流seepage渗漏leakage渗透压力seepage (force） pressure渗透性permeability(完整)岩土专业词汇水力梯度hydraulic gradient渗透系数coefficient of permeabilityPart 4 Deformation and stress of foundation软土soft soil打入桩(负）摩阻力(negative) skin friction of driven pile有效应力effective stress总应力total stress十字板抗剪强度field vane shear strength低活性low activity灵敏度sensitivity三轴试验triaxial test基础设计foundation design再压缩recompaction承载力bearing capacity土体soil mass接触压力contact pressure集中荷载concentrated load半无限弹性体a semi—infinite elastic solid均质homogeneous各向同性isotropic条基strip footing方形独立基础square spread footing下卧层（土)underlying soil （stratum ，strata）恒载 /静载(完整)岩土专业词汇dead load持续荷载sustained load活载live load短期瞬时荷载short –term transient load 长期荷载long—term transient load 折算荷载reduced load沉降settlement变形deformation套管casing堤（防）dike=dyke粘粒粒组clay fraction物理性质physical properties路基subgrade级配良好土well—graded soil级配不良土poorly-graded soil筛子sieve摩尔—库仑破坏条件Mohr—Coulomb failure condition 有限元法FEM=finite element method极限平衡法limit equilibrium method孔隙水压力pore water pressure先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficent of compressibility 压缩指数compression index回弹指数(完整)岩土专业词汇swelling index自重应力geostatic stress附加应力additional stress最终沉降final settlement滑移线slip linePart 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation开挖excavation降水dewatering基坑失稳failure of foundation基坑围护bracing of foundation pit（基坑）底隆起bottom heave=basal heave挡土墙retaining wall孔压分布pore-pressure distribution降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts支撑开挖braced excavation支撑挡板braced sheetingPart 6 Deep foundation桩基础pile foundation灌注桩cast –in—place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast—in—place pile 钻孔桩bored pile(完整)岩土专业词汇机控异型灌注桩special—shaped cast—in—place pile嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock夯扩桩rammed bulb pile钻孔墩基础belled pier foundation钻孔扩底墩drilled—pier foundation预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土管桩prestressed concrete pipe pile沉井（箱）caisson foundation地下连续墙diaphragm摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end-bearing pile波动方程分析wave equation analysis承台pile cap单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向静荷载试验static load test of pile单桩竖向容许承载力vertical allowable load capacity低桩承台low pile cap(完整)岩土专业词汇高桩承台high-rise pile cap单桩抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile静压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile群桩pile groups群桩效率系数(η)efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效应efficiency of pile groups桩基动测dynamic pile testing最后贯入度final set桩动荷载试验dynamic load test of pile桩的完整性试验pile integrity test桩头pile head=butt桩端（头）pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩距pile spacing桩位布置图pile plan桩的布置arrangement of piles =pile layout 群桩作用group action桩端阻end bearing=tip resistance桩侧阻skin(side）friction=shaft resistance桩垫pile cushion打桩(振动）pile driving（by vibration）拔桩试验pile pulling test(完整)岩土专业词汇桩靴pile shoe打桩噪音pile noise打桩机pile rigPart 7 Ground treatment建筑地基处理技术规范technical code for ground treatment of building垫层法cushion method预压法preloading method强夯法dynamic compaction method强夯置换法dynamic compaction replacement method振冲法vibroflotation method砂石桩sand—gravel pile /pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cement-flyash-gravel pile（CFG)水泥土搅拌桩cement mixing pile水泥桩cement column石灰桩lime pile /lime column高压喷射注浆法jet grouting method夯实水泥土桩rammed-cement—soil pile灰土挤密桩lime—soil compaction pile /lime—soil compacted column化学加固法chemical stabilization method表层压实法surface compaction method超载预压法surcharge preloading method真空预压法vacuum preloading method袋装砂井法(完整)岩土专业词汇sand wick method土工织物geofabric /geotextile复合地基composite foundation加筋法reinforcement method降低地下水固结法dewatering consolidation method 冷热处理法freezing and heating method膨胀土地基处理expansive ground treatment山区地基处理ground treatment in mountain area 湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment人工地基artificial foundation天然地基natural foundation褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain树根桩root pile塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩stone column/gravel pile（复合地基）置换率(composite foundation） replacement ratioPart 8固结 consolidation太沙基固结理论Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论Barraon’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot’s consolidation theory超固结比over consolidation ration （OCR)超固结土overconsolidation soil超孔压力(完整)岩土专业词汇excess pore water pressure多维固结multi—dimensional consolidation 一维固结one—dimensional consolidation 主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结试验consolidation test固结曲线consolidation curve时间因子time factor Tv固结系数coefficient of consolidation前期固结压力preconsolidation pressure有效应力原理principle of effective stressK0固结consolidation under K0 condition Part 9 抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength峰值强度peak strength剪胀dilatation抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength莫尔－库仑理论Mohr—Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力cohesion(完整)岩土专业词汇破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength 有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope Part 10 Constitutive model弹性模型Elastic model非线性弹性模型Nonlinear elastic model弹塑性模型Elastoplastic model粘弹性模型Viscoelastic model边界面模型Boundary surface model邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model刚塑性模型Rigid plastic model帽模型Cap model加工软化Work softening加工硬化Work hardening剑桥模型Cambridge model理想弹塑性模型Ideal elastoplastic model莫尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion屈服面Yield surface弹性半空间地基模型Elastic half-space foundation model 弹性模量Elastic modulusPart 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soil冲切破坏Punching shear failure整体剪切破坏General shear failure局部剪切破坏(完整)岩土专业词汇Local shear failure极限平衡状态State of limit equilibrium地基稳定性Stability of soil/rock foundation地基极限承载力Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基容许承载力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundationPart 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysis主动土压力Active earth pressure被动土压力Passive earth pressure静止土压力Earth pressure at rest休止角Angle of repose边坡稳定安全系数Safety factor of slope条分法Slices methodPart 13 retaining wall挡土墙稳定性Stability of retaining wall基础墙Foundation wall扶壁式挡土墙Counter retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙Cantilever retaining wall悬臂式板桩墙Cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙Gravity retaining wall锚定板挡土墙Anchored plate retaining wall锚定板板桩墙Anchored sheet pile wallPart 14 Soil test高压固结试验High pressure consolidation test K0固结试验Consolidation under K0 condition 变水头渗透试验(完整)岩土专业词汇Falling head permeability test不固结不排水三轴试验Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test固结不排水/排水三轴试验Consolidated undrained/drained triaxial test击实试验Compaction test固结快剪试验Consolidated quick direct shear test 快剪试验Quick direct shear test土工模型试验Geotechnical model test离心模型试验Centrifugal model test直剪仪Direct shear apparatusPart 15 In situ test标准贯入试验Standard penetration test (SPT）表面波试验Surface wave test(SWT）动力触探试验Dynamic penetration test（DPT）静力触探试验Static cone penetration test跨孔试验Cross-hole test螺旋板载荷试验Screw plate test旁压试验Pressuremeter test轻便触探试验Light sounding test深层沉降观测Deep settlement measurement现场渗透试验Field permeability test原位空隙水压量测In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位（土、岩石）试验In-situ soil/rock test直剪试验Direct shear test直接单剪试验(完整)岩土专业词汇Direct simple shear test动三轴试验Dynamic triaxial test自（共）振柱试验Free（resonance） vibration column test隧道Tunnel水平隧道Horizontal gallery明挖法Cut and cover沉管法Immersed tube入口隧道或引道隧道Access tunnel竖井shaft斜井Inclined shaft洞室cavern天然洞室Natural cavern 人工洞室Artificial cavern 地下综合建筑Underground complex 尺寸Size,dimension特小断面Mini section小断面Small section中断面Medium section特大断面Very large section 短Short length中长Medium length长大Long length特长大Very long length断面形状Section shape(完整)岩土专业词汇圆形Circular shape马蹄形Horseshoe shape矩形Rectangular shape卵形Egg shape箱形Box shape内部净空断面形状Inside shape开挖断面形状Outside or excavation shape 埋深Tunnel depth明挖回填Cut and cover浅埋Shallow depth中埋Medium depth深埋Deep depth 特深埋Very deep depth用途Purpose or use调查investigation地质调查Ground investigation 导洞Pilot tunnel调查孔或坑道Pilot bore铁路rail干线Main line地铁metro公路road人行道pedestrian车站Station(完整)岩土专业词汇上水道Water supply水利发电Hydraulic power有压与无压隧洞Pressure or non pressure tunnels 分水渠River diversion洪水Storm water排水Drainage水渠Aqueduct冷气cooling air冷却水排水Cooling water outfall航道navigation下水道Sewerage地域暖气District heating 电缆cable热水Hot water电力－通信Power—telecommunication 通风Ventilation煤气Gas工厂factory发电所Generating station储藏storage流体和固体储藏Fluids and solids storage 停车parking办公室，商店Office,shop军事Military(完整)岩土专业词汇人防Defence，protection多目的，多功能Multi service采矿Mining地下建筑物各部分名称Parts of cross section 仰拱Invert arch底板floor拱部或拱顶部roof拱顶crown拱脚Springer拱肩shoulders刹尖key边墙wall 墙脚feet腿部leg膝部knee开挖面或掌子面face形状shape衬砌lining曲隅部bend交叉部crossing正面部Face，front入口部access洞门portal接头部junction(完整)岩土专业词汇分岔部bifurcation开口部Opening window加宽部enlargement避难洞Recess筛子围岩Surrounding rock 地质学geology水文地质学hydrogeology岩石力学Rock mechanics土力学Soil mechanics 地震活动Seismicity钻孔或钻探boring地质物理调查Geophysical investigation 室内试验Laboratory test现场试验In situ test事前调查Probing ahead地质勘探Geologic exploration围岩的性质Nature of ground硬岩Hard rock完整岩石Sound rock风化岩Weathered rock破碎岩Fissured rock软弱围岩Soft ground塑性围岩Plastic ground流动围岩(完整)岩土专业词汇Running ground减压区Decompressed zone 混合围岩Mixed ground卵石boulder夹层seam层理bedding节理Joint不透水围岩Impervious ground 透水围岩Pervious ground 蠕变creep风化,蚀变alteration透水性permeability地下水Ground water湿度moisture岩溶karst断层fault围岩的物理力学性质Ground character密度density比重Specific gravity磨损度abrasivity溶解度solubility可钻性Drillability抗压强度Compressive strength 抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度(完整)岩土专业词汇Shear strength内摩擦力Internal friction粘结力cohesion剪胀swelling收缩shrinkage地压Ground pressure弹性系数Modulus of elasticity 冲击阻力Impact resistance孔隙率Porosity ratio硬度hardness设计design分析Analysis计算calculation经济比较Economic study标准化Standardization计划Plan， planing program 设计数据Design data垂直荷载Vertical load水平荷载Horizontal load浮力Uplift。
岩土工程专业英语词汇
岩土工程专业英语词汇在线土木专业词典查询地址为：/word.asp目前已经收录近10000条词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemetertest16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Ran kine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验新增土力学及基础工程词汇（英汉对照浙大简版）1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit 2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil 2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit 2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace 2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals 2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow 2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral 2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil 3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay 3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil 3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits 4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure 4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage 4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature 4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid partic les4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith 4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy's law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson's ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq's solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation 6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress 6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation 6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience 6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience 6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressureparameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin's solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart 6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement 6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index 6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory 7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot's consolidation theory 7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve 7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 7. 固结潜变（台）creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi's consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密（台）consolidation7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress 7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure 7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb's equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr's envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept 8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction 8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model 9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model 9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model 9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model 9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model 9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory 9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure 10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen's ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure 10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure 10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof's ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton's ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式V esic's ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium 11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest 11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb's earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction 11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose 12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method 12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis。
建筑岩土工程勘察基本术语
建筑岩土工程勘察基本术语第二章通用术语第一节岩土工程及有关学科1 岩土工程（大地工程、土力工程、土质工学）geotechnical engineering, geotechnology2 土力学soil mechanics3 岩石力学rock mechanics4 基础工程foundation engineering5 工程地质学engineering geology6 环境工程地质学environmental engineering geology7 地震工程学earthquake engineering8 灾害地质学disaster geology, hazard geololgy9 水文地质学（地下水水文学）hydrogeology, (groundwater hadrology)10 地下水动力学groundwater dynamics11 环境水文地质学environmental hydrogeology12 水化学hydrochemistry13 水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry14 环境地球化学environmental geochemistry15 同位素地质学isotope geology16 近海工程offshore engineering17 数学地质mathematical geology18 航空地质aerial geology19 遥感地质remote sensing geology第二节地球的构造1 大气圈atmosphere2 水圈hydrosphere3 生物圈biosphere4 地壳earth crust5 地幔mantle6 地核core7 岩石圈lithosphere第三节地貌1 地貌geomorphology relief2 地形land form3 地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit4 微地貌microrelief5 河漫滩flood plain, valley flat6 冲击平原alluvial plain7 三角洲delta8 古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel9 河流阶地fluvial terrace10 冲击扇alluvial fan11 洪积扇diluvial fan12 坡积裙talus apron13 坳沟shallow flat ravine14 冲沟gully15 分水岭divide16 喀斯特（岩溶）karst17 岩溶基准面karst base-level18 岩溶率degree of karstification19 岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform20 溶洞solution cave, karst cave21 落水洞sinkhole22 土洞karstic earth cave第四节矿物岩石1 黏土矿物clay mineral2 高岭石kaolinite3 蒙脱石montmorillonite4 伊利石illite5 云母mica6 长石feldspar7 石英quartz8 岩石rock9 硬质岩石strong rock10 软质岩石weak rock11 岩石的结构rock structure12 岩石的构造rock texture13 岩浆岩(火成岩) magmatic rock (igneous rock)14 花岗岩granite15 流纹岩rhyolite16 闪长岩diorite17 安山岩andesite18 辉长岩gabbro19 玄武岩balsat20 正长岩syenite21 粗面岩trachyte22 沉积岩sedimentary rock23 胶结物cement, binder24 胶结类型type of cementation25 砾岩conglomerate26 角砾岩breccia27 黏土岩claystone28 泥岩mudstone29 页岩shale30 砂岩sandstone31 石英岩quartzite32 石灰岩limestone33泥灰岩marl34 白云岩dolomite35 变质岩metamorphic rock36 片麻岩gneiss37 大理岩marble38 板岩slate39 片岩schist40 千枚岩phyllite41 构造岩tectonite42 断层角砾岩fault breccia43 糜棱岩mylonite44 包含物inclusion45 充填物filling material第五节地质构造1 地质体geological body2 地质构造geologic texture, geologic structure3 产状attitude4 走向strike5 倾向dip6 倾角dip angle7 褶曲fold8 背斜anticline9 向斜syncline10 构造盆地structural basin11 断层fault12 正断层normal fault13 逆断层reverse fault14 平移断层transcurrent fault, strike- slip fault15 活断层active fault16 擦痕面slickensides17 断裂rupture, fracture18 发震断裂causative fault, seismogenic fault19 破碎带fracture zone20 节理joint21 节理组joint set22 节理频数（裂隙度）joint frequency23 裂隙fissure, crack24 裂隙率fracture porosity, fissure porosity25 极射赤平投影stereographic projection第六节外力地质作用及其产物1 沉积物sediments2 冰积物till3 分选sorting4 磨圆度roundness5 冲刷深度scour depth, erosion depth6 冻结深度frost depth7 风化作用weathering8 风化壳weathering crust9 风化程度degree of weathering10 风化带weathered zone第七节物探1 地球物理勘探geophysical prospecting, geophysical exploration2 工程地球物理勘探engineering geophysical prospecting3 综合物探方法comprehensive geophysical method4 声波探测sonic prospecting, acoustic prospecting, acoustic exploration5 大地电流场telluric (electric) field6 自然电场natural electric field7 自然电场法natural electric field method8 电法勘探electrical prospecting, electrical exploration9 地震勘探seismic prospecting, seismic exploration10 磁法勘探magnetic prospecting, magnetic exploration11 重力勘探gravity prospecting, gravity exploration12 放射性勘探radioactivity prospecting13 地球物理测井geophysical logging14 电测井electric logging15 电阻率测井resistivity logging16 温度测井temperature logging17 井斜测井drift logging18 放射性测井radioactivity logging19 井径测量hole diameter measurement20 单孔下传法down-hole method21 单孔上传法（检层法）up-hole method (borehole method)22 跨孔法cross hole method23 遥感技术remote sensing technique24 红外探测infra-red acquisition, infra-red detection25 航片地质解释geological interpretation of aerial photograph26 卫片地质解释geological interpretation of satellite photograph27 传感器transducer28 探头(探测器、探针) probe第八节勘探1 勘探exploration2 勘探线exploratory line3 勘探点exploratory spot, exploratory point4 勘探孔（井）exploration hole (well)5 勘探生产孔（井）exploration production hole (well)6 探槽exploratory trench, test trench7 平洞adit8 探井exploratory pit, test pit, exploratory shaft9 斜井inclined shaft10 竖井shaft, vertical shaft11 钎探rod sounding12 槽探trenching13 井探（坑探）test-pitting14 钻探drilling, boring15 钻孔borehole, drill hole16 钻孔结构drill hole structure17 回转钻进rotary drilling18 冲击钻进percussion drilling, churn drilling19 钢砂钻进shot drilling20 跟管钻进follow-down drilling21 岩芯钻探core drilling22 振动钻探vibro-boring, vibro-drilling23 泥浆钻探mud flush drilling24 空气钻探air flush drilling25 岩石的可钻性rock-drillability26 岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction27 冲洗液flush fluid28 正循环冲洗direct circulation29 反循环冲洗reverse circulation30泥浆med, slurry31 泥皮mud cake32 冲洗液消耗量flush fluid loss33 漏水段lost circulation interval34 钻机drilling rig35 钻头drill bit, drilling bit36 螺旋钻头auger37 勺钻spoon bit38 冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit39 桶式钻头bucket auger40 抽桶bailer41 钻杆drill rod42 套管casing43 岩芯管core barrel44 取土器sampler, sampling tube45面积比area ratio46 内间隙比inner clearance ratio47 外间隙比outer clearance ratio48 厚壁取土器thick wall sampler49 薄壁取土器thin wall sampler50 束结式取土器ringed-line barrel sampler, thin walled shoe and barrel sampler assem51 回转取土器rotary sampler, double core barrel sampler52 活塞取土器piston sampler53 水压活塞取土器hydraulic piston sampler54谢尔贝取土器Shelby tube sampler55 原状土样undisturbed sample56 扰动土样disturbed soil sampler第九节通用图件1 地形图topographical map2 地貌图geomorphologic map3 地质图geological map4 第四纪地质图quaternary geology map5 覆盖层地质图drift map, overburden map6 基岩地质图bedrock map7 构造地质图geological structure map8 地质剖面图geological section, geological profile9 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile10 横剖面图transverse profile, cross-section11 纵剖面图longitudinal profile12 综合柱状图composite columnar section13 立体投影图fence diagram14 节理玫瑰图rose diagram of joints第三章岩土力学及基础工程第一节土的类别1 土的统一分类法unified soil classification system2 塑性图plasticity chart3 残积土residual soil4 坡积土slope wash5 洪积土diluvial soil6 冲击土alluvium, alluvial soil7 风积土eolian deposit8 海积土marine soil9 有机土organic soil10 泥炭peat11 沼泽土swamp soil, marsh soil12 漂石boulders13 块石blocky stones14 卵石gravels, cobbles15 碎石angular gravels, angular cobbles16 圆砾fine gravels, pebbles17 角砾angular fine gravels, angular pebbles18 砂土sand19 砾砂gravelly sand20 粗砂coarse sand21 中砂medium sand22 细砂fine sand23 粉砂silty sand24 粉土silt25 砂质粉土sandy silt26 粘质粉土clayey silt27 轻亚黏土sandy loam28 亚砂土silty loam, sandy loam, clayey silt29 粘性土cohesive soil30 粉质黏土silty clay31 亚黏土clay loam, lean clay32 黏土clay33 红黏土red clay, lateritic soil34 裂隙黏土fissured clay35 网纹黏土lattice clay36 软土soft clay37 淤泥soft organic clay, mud38 冻土frozen soil39 膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil40 盐渍土salty soil, saline soil41 湿陷性土collapsible soil, slumping soil42 黄土loess43 人工填土fill44 素添土plain fill45 杂填土miscellaneous fill46 冲填土hydraulic fill, dredger fill47 回填土backfill48 质控填土engineered fill49 纹泥（季候泥）varved clay50 正常固结土normally consolidated soil51 欠固结土underconsolidated soil52 超固结土overconsolidated soil第二节岩土物理性质1 物理性质physical property2 均质性homogeneity3 非均质性heterogeneity4 均质层homogeneous stratum, homogeneous layer5 非均质层heterogeneous layer, heterogeneous stratum6 各向同性isotropy7 各向异性anisotropy8 各向同性介质isotropic medium9 各向异性介质anisotropic medium10 粒径（粒度）grain size, particle size11 粒组fraction12 颗粒级配grain size distribution; gradation; grading; granulometric distribution13 粒径分配曲线（颗粒累积曲线）grain size distribution curve; grading curve; granulometric curve; grain accumulation curve14 有效粒径effective grain size, effective diameter15 平均粒径mean diameter16 限制粒径constrained diameter17 均匀系数coefficient of uniformity18 级配系数coefficient of gradation19 浑圆度roundness20 球度sphericity21 比面积specific surface22 土骨架soil skeleton23 宏观结构macro-structure24 微观结构micro-structure25 单粒结构single grained structure26 聚粒结构aggregated structure27 絮凝结构flocculent structure28 组构分析fabric analysis29 触变性thixotropy30 活动性activity of soil31 绸度consistency32 阿太堡界限Atterberg limits33 缩限shrinkage limit34 塑限plastic limit (PL)35 液限liquid limit (LL)36 塑性指数plasticity index (PI)37 液性指数liquidity index38 含水比water content ratio39 密度density40 重度bulk weight, unit weight41 干重度dry unit weight42 浮重度buoyant unit weight, submerged unit weight43 饱和重度saturated unit weight44 含水量moisture content, water content45 饱和度degree of saturation46 孔隙率porosity47 孔隙比void ratio48 相对密度relative density49 临界孔隙比critical void ratio50 密实度compactness51 收缩shrinkage52 体缩volumetric shrinkage, bulk shrinkage53 膨胀性expansibility, expansiveness54 自由膨胀率free swell55 崩解性（湿化性）slaking56 湿陷性collapsibility57 自重湿陷性self-weight collapsibility58 冻胀frost heave59 融陷性thaw collapsibility60 岩石的吸水率absorption rate of rock61 岩石的饱水率water saturation of rock62 岩石的饱水系数water-saturation coefficient of rock63 岩石的抗冻性frost resistibility of rock第三节岩土力学性质1 力学性质mechanical properties2 总应力total stress3 有效应力effective stress4 中性应力(中性压力) neutral stress5 孔隙水压力pore water pressure6 超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure7 孔隙水压力参数pore pressure parameters8 孔隙（水）压力消散dissipation of pore water pressure9 应力路径stress path10 莫尔圆Mohr’s circle11 非线性应力应变关系relation of nonlinear stress-strain12 弹性介质elastic medium13 弹性半空间elastic half space14 泊松比Poisson’s ratio15 弹性模量modulus of elasticity, elastic modulus, Young’s modulus16 粘弹性viscoelasticity17 弹塑性elastoplasticity18 弹性区elastic zone19 塑性区plastic zone20 米塞斯屈服准则V on mises yield criteria21 特莱斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criteria22 莫尔-库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criteria23 德鲁克-普拉格屈服准则Druker-Prager yield criteria24 库仑-太沙基破坏准则Coulomb- Tezaghi criteria25 流变性rheological property26 蠕变creep27 剪胀性dilatancy28 抗剪强度shear strength29 峰值抗剪强度peak shear strength30 残余抗剪强度residual shear strength31 长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength32莫尔包络线Mohr’s envelope33 粘聚力（内聚力，凝聚力）cohesion34 似粘聚力apparent cohesion35 假粘聚力pseudo-cohesion36 附着力（粘着力）adhesion37 内摩擦角angle of internal friction38 外摩擦角angle of external friction39 休止角angle of repose40 有效粘聚力effective cohesion41 有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction42 不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength43 固结consolidation44 压缩性compressibility45 初始固结initial consolidation46 主固结primary consolidation47 次固结（压缩）secondary consolidation48 各向等压固结isotropic consolidation (IC)49 各向不等压固结anisotropic consolidation (AC)50 固结系数coefficient of consolidation51 固结度degree of consolidation52 前期固结压力(先期固结压力) preconsolidation pressure53 似前期固结压力quasi-preconsolidation pressure, psedo-preconsolidation pressure54 超固结比overconsolidation ratio (OCR)55 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility56 压缩系数compression index57 再压缩指数recompression index58 体积压缩系数coefficient of (volume) compressibility59 压缩模量modulus of compressibility60 变形模量modulus of deformation61 体积模量bulk modulus62 剪变（切）模量shear modulus63 初始切线模量initial tangent modulus64 切线模量tangent modulus65 割线模量secant modulus66 回弹模量rebound modulus67 卸荷模量unloading modulus68 旁压模量pressuremeter modulus69 次固结（压缩）系数coefficient of secondary consolidation (compression)70 湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure71 湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility72 岩石抗拉强度tensile strength of rock73 岩石软化系数softening coefficient of rock74 岩石强度损失率rock strength loss75 岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance76 岩石点荷载（强度）指标point load index, point load strength index第四节岩土试验1 颗粒分析granulometric analysis, grain-size distribution analysis, mechanical analysis2 击实试验compaction test, Proctor test3 膨胀压力试验swelling pressure test4 单轴压缩试验(无侧限抗压强度试验)uniaxial compression test, （unconfined compression test）5 单剪试验simple shear test6 直接剪切试验direct shear test7 不固结不排水试验（快剪试验）unconsolidated undrained test(UU),(quick test)8 固结不排水试验（固结快剪试验）consolidated undrained test (CU); (consolidated quick test)9 固结排水试验（慢剪试验）consolidated drained test (CD); (slow test)10 压缩试验（固结试验）compression test; (consolidation test)11 三轴剪切试验（三轴压缩试验）triaxial shear test; (triaxial compression test)12 动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test13 共振柱试验resonant column test14 偏应力deviator stress, deviatoric stress15 巴西抗拉强度试验Brazilian tensile strength test16 加州承载比试验California bearing ratio test (CBR)17 点荷载试验point load test18 原位测试in-situ tests19 静力触探试验static penetration test, static cone test, cone penetration test (CPT)20 荷兰锥Dutch cone21 孔压静力触探试验cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements, piezocone test22 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding23 标准贯入试验standard penetration test (SPT)24 旁压试验（横压试验）pressuremeter test25 十字板剪切试验vane test, field vane test (FV), vane shear test26 平板载荷试验plate loading test27 螺旋板载荷试验screw plate loading test28 现场谦切试验in-situ shear test29 应力解除法stress relief method30 应力恢复法stress recovery method31 套孔法over-coring method32 门塞法doorstopper method33 水压胀裂法（水力致裂法）hydraulic fracturing34 足尺试验full scale test35 模型缩尺效应scale effect第五节土工计算1 地基土foundation soil, subgrade, subsoil2 持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer3 下卧层underlying layer4 压缩层compressed layer5 接触压力contact pressure6 超载surcharge7 有效覆盖压力effective overburden pressure8 附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress, load-induced stress9 纽马克图Newmark chart10 压力泡pressure bulb11 临塑压力critical pressure12 地基失效foundation failure13 剪切破坏shear failure14 整体剪切general shear failure15 局部剪切破坏local shear failure16 冲剪破坏punching failure17 渐进破坏progressive failure18 基础滑动sliding of foundation19 容许荷载allowable load20 容许承载力allowable bearing capacity21 极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity22 安全系数factor of safety23 沉降settlement24 差异沉降（沉降差）differential settlement25 局部倾斜angular distortion26 倾斜tilting27 坑底隆起bottom heave28 静止土压力earth pressure at rest29 主动土压力active earth pressure30 被动土压力passive earth pressure31 郎肯土压力理论Rankine’s earth pressure theory32 库伦土压力理论Coulomb’s earth pressure theory33 斜坡稳定性slope stability34 稳定数stability number35 条分法method of slices36 极限平衡法limit equilibrium method37 本构方程constitutive equation38 剑桥模型Cambridge model (Cam-model)39 帽檐模型cap model40 赖特-邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model (LD model)41 邓肯-张模型Duncan-Chang model42 有限单元法finite element method43 有限差分法finite difference method44 边界单元法boundary element method45 初始条件initial condition46 边界条件boundary condition47 基床反力系数（温克尔系数）coefficient of subgrade reaction ccoefficient)48 温克尔假定Winkler’s hypothesis第六节地下峒室1 基岩bedrock2 临空面free face3 岩体rock mass4 结构体structural element5 结构面（不连续面）structural plane (discontinuity)6 软弱结构面weak plane7 软弱夹层weak intercalated layer8 结构面起伏度（节理面起伏度）discontinuity waviness; (joint waviness)9 接力糙度系数（裂隙糙度系数）joint roughness coefficient (JRC)10 岩体结构类型structural pattern of rock mass11 格里非斯破裂Griffith fracture, Griffith crack12 岩体尺寸效应size effect of rock mass13 围压效应confining pressure effect, confined pressure effect, ambient pressure effect14 岩体工程地质分类engineering geological classification of rock mass15 普氏系数Protodyakonov’s number16 风化系数rock weathering index17 裂隙系数coefficient of fissuration18 坚固度competence of rock19 岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass; (velocity index of rock mass)20 岩石质量指标rock quality designation (RQD)21 岩石质量系数rock quality index22 岩体质量指标rock mass quality designation23 岩体变形系数deformation coefficient of rock mass24 岩石模量折减系数reduction factor of rock mass25 隧道围岩质量指标tunneling quality index26 岩体的稳定性rock mass stability27 隙跨比fissure spacing-span ratio28 自持时间stand-up time29 地应力ground stress, geostatic stress30 初始应力initial stress31 构造应力tectonic stress32 残余应力residual stress33 感生应力induced stress34 地应力场ground stress field, geostatic stress field35 地下洞室underground opening, underground chamber36 隧道tunnel37 洞室围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock38 围岩二次应力状态（围岩应力）secondary stress state; (surrounding rock stress)39 围岩应力集中系数factor of stress-concentration in surrounding rock40 岩石压力（山岩压力、岩体压力）rock pressure41 应力松弛stress relaxation42 松动区loosened zone, loose zone43 自然平衡拱natural self-supporting arch44 围岩偏压non-uniform rock pressure45 覆盖层overburden46 覆盖压力overburden pressure47 内水压力internal water pressure48 外水压力external water pressure49 洞室稳定性评价underground opening stability evaluation50 冒顶cave in, roof fall51 片帮sidewall spalling, sidewall slabbing, sidewall scaling52 底鼓bottom heave, bottom squeeze53 回弹rebound54 岩爆rockburst55 采空区mined-out area56 采空塌陷mining subsidence57 导洞（导坑）pilot tunnel58 全断面法full face method59 上导坑法top heading method60 侧导坑法side drift method61 多导坑法multi-drift method62 坑台法top heading and bench method63 盾构法shield method, shield tunneling64 气压法pneumatic sealing method65 冻结法freezing method, freezing process66 超挖overbreak67 仰拱invert, inverted arch68 边墙side wall69 衬砌lining70 喷锚联合支护combined bolting and shotcreting第七节堤坝工程1 涵管culvert2 围堰cofferdam3 堤dike4 路堤embankment5 坝dam6 尾矿坝tailings dam, tailings fill dam第八节地基处理与岩土加固1 地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment, soil improvement2 岩土加固soil stabilization, soil improvement, soil reinforcement3 垫层cushion4 掺拌加固法admixture stabilization5 预压法preloading6 砂井sand drain7 排水板法geodrain, wick drain, cardboard drain method8 真空固结法（真空预压法）vacuum method9 深层加密法deep compaction10 挤密桩compaction pile11 石灰桩lime pile, lime column12 振冲法vibroflotation13 深层搅拌法deep mixing method, mixed-in-place piles14 化学加固法chemical stabilization15 旋喷法jet grouting16 灌浆grouting17 帷幕灌浆curtain grouting18 挤密灌桩compaction grouting19 强夯法dynamic consolidation, heavy tamping20 土工合成材料geosynthetics, geotextiles21 土工织物geotextile22 土工膜geomembrane23 土工垫geocushion, geospacer24 加筋土reinforced earth25 热加固法thermal stabilization26 托换工程underpinning27 挡土墙retaining wall28 抗滑桩slide-resistant pile29 锚固anchoring, bolting30 锚杆earth anchor, ground anchor, tieback31 喷浆shot creting, guniting32 盲沟french drain, mole drain33 树根桩root pile第九节基础1 基础foundation, footing2 浅基础shallow foundation, shallow footing3 深基础deep foundation4 埋深embedment depth5 扩展基础spread footing6 条形基础strip foundation, strip footing7 筏形基础raft foundation, mat foundation8 板式基础slab foundation9 格排基础grillage foundation, grillage raft10 联合基础combined footing11 箱形基础box foundation12 补偿基础floating foundation, compensated foundation13 沉井open caisson14 沉箱caisson15 地梁foundation beam, grade beam16 桩基础pile foundation, piled foundation17 桩pile18 群桩pile group19 桩承台pile cap20 高桩承台highrise pile cap21 低桩承台buried pile cap22 摩擦桩friction pile23 端承桩end bearing pile24 嵌岩桩socketed pile25 排土桩displacement pile26 少排土桩small displacement pile27 不排土桩non displacement pile28 预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile29 板桩sheet pile30 旋喷桩jet-grouted pile31 灌注桩cast-in-place pile32 沉管灌注桩driven cast-in place pile33 法兰基灌注桩Franki pile34 墩pier35 扩底墩belled pier, under-reamed pier36 被动桩passive pile37 支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles38 地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall39 支撑bracing40 井点降水well-point dewatering41 桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile42 桩的容许荷载allowable pile bearing load43 桩端阻力end resistance, point resistance44 桩的表面摩擦力skin friction of pile45 桩的粘着系数adhesion factor of pile46 负摸擦力negative skin friction, dragdown47 桩的分部安全系数partial safety factors of pile48 桩的维持荷载试验maintained load pile test49 桩的等速贯入试验constant rate penetration test of pile50 桩的动测法dynamic measurements of pile51打桩分析仪pile driving analyser第十节振动1 自由振动free vibration2 强迫振动forced vibration3 有阻尼振动damped vibration4 谐振harmonic vibration5 周期振动periodical vibration6 稳态振动steady-state vibration7 瞬时振动transient vibration8 随机振动random vibration9 振动衰减vibration attenuation10 对数衰减logarithmic decrement11 阻尼damping12 内阻尼internal damping13 临界阻尼critical damping14 几何阻尼geometrical damping, radial damping15 振幅amplitude16 振动幅值amplitude of vibration17 相位差phase difference18 周期period19 圆频率circular frequency20 共振resonance21 扰力disturbing force22 竖向振动vertical vibration23 滑移振动sliding oscillation24 摇摆振动rocking oscillation25 扭转振动torsional oscillation, yawing oscillation26 耦合振动coupled vibration27 地基刚度stiffness of foundation soil28地基刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction29 自由度degrees of freedom30 单自由度体系single-degree-of freedom system31 质量-弹簧-阻尼体系（集总参数体系）mass-spring-dashpot system; (lumped-coefficient system)32 集总质量lumped-mass33 自然频率（固有频率）natural frequency34 振型mode of vibration35 峰值速度peak velocity36 动力放大系数dynamic magnification factor37 动态位移dynamic displacement38 频率比frequency ratio39 质量比mass ratio40 阻尼比damping ratio41 惯性矩比ratio of moment of inertia, inertia ratio42 机械阻抗mechanical impedance43 导纳admittance44 基础隔振foundation isolation45 弹性波elastic wave46 体波body wave47 剪切波（横波）shear wave; (transverse wave)48 压缩波（纵波、疏密波）compression wave; (longitudinal wave)49 表面波surface wave50 瑞利波Rayleigh wave51 波动方程wave equation52 功率普密度power spectral density第四章岩土工程勘察1 工程勘察engineering investigations2 岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigations, geotechnical study3 工程地质详细勘察detailed geotechnical investigation4 岩土工程分级categorization of geotechnical projects5 踏勘walk-over survey, site reconnaissance6 工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping7 地质点point of observation, geologic observation point8 选址勘察siting investigation9 初步勘察preliminary geotechnical investigation10 详细勘察detailed geotechnical investigation11 施工勘察investigation of during construction12 场地的地质适宜性geological suitability of site13 场地稳定性site stability14 场地复杂程度site complexity15 工程地质类比法（工程地质比拟法）engineering geological analogy16 工程地质条件engineering geological condition17 工程地质单元engineering geologic unit18 工程地质分区engineering geologic zoning19 工程地质图engineering geological map20 工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation21 工程地质勘察报告engineering geological investigation report22 岩土工程分析评价geotechnical analysis and evaluation23 现场检验on site inspection, in-situ inspection24 现场监测on site monitoring, in-situ monitoring25 反演分析back analysis, back calculation26 岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report, geotechnical study report第二节不良地质现象1 不良地质现象adverse geologic phenomena, unfavorable geological conditions2 泥石流mudflow, debris flow3 沟床糙度channel roughness, bed roughness4 危岩overhanging rock, hanging rock5 崩塌（山崩）toppling collapse; toppling; (avalanche)6 地裂ground fracturing, ground fissuration7 管涌piping8 流砂quicksand9 地面沉降land subsidence10 沉陷subsidence11 滑坡landslide, slide12 滑动面sliding surface13 滑动带sliding zone14 滑坡床slide bed, sliding bed15 滑坡体slide mass, sliding mass16 滑坡舌slide tongue17 滑坡后壁head scarp, slip cliff18 滑坡裂缝slide cracks19 滑坡主轴slide axis20 古滑坡fossil landslide21 顺层滑坡consequent landslide22 切层滑坡insequent landslide23 浅层滑坡shallow slide24 深层滑坡deep slide, deep landslide25 推移式滑坡slumping slede26 牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide, retrogressive landslide27 马刀树diverted trees, bent trees, tilted trees第三节地震1 地震区seismic area, earthquake area2 震源seismic source3 震中epicenter4 地震活动性seismicity5 地震波seismic wave6 主震main shock7 余震after hock8 水库诱发地震reservoir impounding induced seismicity9 地震震级earthquake magnitude10 地震烈度seismic intensity, earthquake intensity11 基本烈度basic intensity12 场地烈度site intensity13 设计烈度design intensity14 地面运动ground motion15 基岩加速度bedrock acceleration16 地震反映谱seismic response spectrum17 地面脉动microtremour18 卓越周期predominant period19 地震效应seismic effect20 震陷earthquake subsidence21 砂土液化liquefaction of sand22 液化势liquefaction potential23 液化指数liquefaction index24 喷水冒砂sand boil25 动荷载dynamic load26 脉冲荷载pulse load27 循环荷载cyclic loading28 动应力dynamic stress29 循环应力cyclic stress30 滞回圈hysteresis loop31 骨干曲线backbone curve32 地震力seismic force33 地震系数seismic coefficient34 地震影响系数coefficient of seismic effect35 地震小区划seismic microzonation, seismic microzoning36 地震危险性分析（地震风险分析）earthquake hazard evaluation第五章水文地质第一节水循环1 水循环（水文循环）water cycle, (hydrologic cycle)2 大气水atmospheric water3 地表水surface water4 土壤水soil water5 地下水groundwater6 水力联系hydraulic interrelation7 地下水起源origin of groundwater8 地表径流surface runoff9 地下径流subsurface runoff10 流域valley, drainage basin11 流域面积（汇水面积）drainage area, river basin area, (catchment area)12 地下水动态groundwater regime13地下水动态类型type of groundwater regime14 潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level15 气象因素meteorological factor16 降水量amount of precipitation17 蒸发量amount of evaporation18 地下水蒸发evaporation of groundwater19 水文因素hydrological factor第二节地下水的类型1 包气带水aeration zone water2 上层滞水perched water3 潜水phreatic water4 承压水confined water5 自流水artesian water6 孔隙水pore water7 裂隙水fissure water8 岩溶水karstic water9 结合水bound water, combined water10 吸着水hydroscopic water11 薄膜水pellicular water12 毛细管水capillary water13 重力水gravitational water14 地下水成因类型groundwater origin type15 凝结水condensation water, condensed water16 渗入水infiltration water17 封存水connate water18 原生水juvenile water第三节地下水赋存1 水文地质条件hydrogeological condition2 地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence3 地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence4 充气带（包气带）zone of aeration5 土壤水带soil water zone6 中间带（渗水带）intermediate zone, vadose water zone7 毛细管带capillary zone, capillary fringe8 毛细管上升高度capillary height, capillary rise9 毛细管水压力（毛细管水张力）capillary pressure, (capillary tension)10 饱水带（饱和带）zone of saturation11 含水层aquifer12 潜水含水层phreatic aquifer13 承压含水层confined aquifer14 有限含水层finite aquifer15 无限含水层infinite aquifer16 透水层permeable layer, pervious layer17 渗透性（透水性）permeability18 富水性water abundance19 弱透水层aquitard20 不透水层（隔水层、阻水层）imperious layer, impermeable layer, (aquifuge,aquiclude)21 自流斜地artesian slope22 自流盆地artesian basin23 自流水区artesian basin24 自流水头artesian head25 承压水头confined water head, artesian head26 含水构造water-bearing structure27 断裂含水带water-bearing fracture zone28 地下水盆地groundwater basin29 地下水库groundwater reservoir30 不透水边界impervious boundary31 地下分水岭groundwater divide32 地下水流域groundwater catchment33 潜水面phreatic surface, water table34 渗出面seepage face ( seepage zone)35 含水层储水storage of water in aquifer36 含水层储能storage of energy in aquifer第四节地下水运动1 渗流seepage2 渗流场seepage field3 水头water head4 水头损失water head loss5 过水断面discharge section, discharge area6 水力坡（梯）度hydraulic gradient7 渗透速度seepage velocity, filtration velocity8 实际流速actual velocity9 渗透途径filtration path, seepage path。
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇Hand Auguring Total Footage of hand auguring Mackintosh probe test Soil Resistivity Test Factual report Interpretation report Subtotal Price of （1-5）（RM） TAX（RM） Total Price（6+7）(RM) 序号名词（中文）名词（英文） 1 K0固结 consolidation under K0 condition2 K0固结不排水试验 K0 consolidated undrained test3 K0固结排水试验 K0 consolidated drained test4 阿太堡界限 Atterberg limits5 安息角（台）angle of repose6 安息角（台） angle of repose7 巴隆固结理论 Barron's consolidation theory8 板桩 sheet pile9 板桩结构 sheet pile structure 10 板桩围护 sheet pile-braced cuts 11 饱和度 degree of saturation 12 饱和密度 saturated density 13 饱和土 saturated soil 14 饱和重度 saturated unit weight 15 杯形基础 16 贝诺托灌注桩 Benoto cast-in-place pile 17 被动土压力 passive earth pressure18 被动土压力系数 coefficient of passive earth pressure 19 本构模型constitutive model 20 比奥固结理论 Biot's consolidation theory 21 比重specific gravity 22 比重试验 specific gravity test 23 比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity 24 比阻尼容量 specific gravity capacity 25 毕肖普法 Bishop method26 边界面模型 boundary surface model 27 边坡稳定安全系数 safety factor of slope 28 变水头渗透试验 falling head permeability test 29 变形 deformation 30 变形模量 modulus of deformation 31 变质岩 metamorphic rock 32 标准冻深 standard frost penetration33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 标准贯入试验 standard penetration test 表层压密法 surface compaction 表面波试验 surface wave test 冰川沉积 glacial deposit 冰积层（台） glacial deposit 波的弥散特性 dispersion of waves 波动方程分析 Wave equation analysis 波速法 wave velocity method 泊松比 Poisson's ratio补偿性基础 compensated foundation 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不均匀系数 coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strength 不平衡推理传递法 unbalanced thrust transmission method 布西涅斯克解 Boussinnesq's solution 材料阻尼 material damping 残积土 eluvial soil, residual soil 残余变形 residual deformation残余孔隙水压力 residual pore water pressure 残余内摩擦角 residual angle of internal friction 残余强度 residual strength 层理 beding层向各向同性体模型 cross anisotropic model 长期强度 long-term strength 长石 feldspar 常规固结试验 routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验 constant head permeability test 场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile 超弹性模型 hyperelastic model 超固结比over-consolidation ratio 超固结土 overconsolidated soil超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure 超声波试验 ultrasonic wave test 超载预压 surcharge preloading沉管灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉积岩 sedimentary rock 沉降 settlement沉降比 settlement ratio 沉井基础 open-end caisson foundation 沉箱基础 box caisson foundation 成孔灌注同步桩 synchronous pile 承台 pile caps承压水 confined water77 承载比试验 Califonia Bearing Ratio Test 78 持力层 bearing stratum 79 充盈系数 fullness coefficient 80 充重塑土 81 冲剪破坏 punching shear failure 82 冲填土 dredger fill 83 稠度 consistency 84 初始液化initial liquefaction 85 触变 thixotropy86 次层（台） substratum 87 次层（台） substratum88 次固结 secondary consolidation89 次固结沉降 secondary consolidation settlement 90 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 91 次生矿物 secondary mineral 92 次压缩（台） secondary consolidatin 93 达西定律 Darcy's law 94 大地工程 geotechnical engineering 95 袋装砂井 sand wick 96 单独基础individual footing 97 单剪仪 simple shear apparatus 98 单粒结构single-grained structure 99 单向度压密（台） one-dimensional consolidation 100 单轴抗拉强度 uniaxial tension test 101 单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test102 单桩承载力 bearing capacity of single pile103 单桩横向极限承载力 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 104 单桩横向载荷试验 lateral load test of pile 105 单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile106 单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 107 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力 vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 108 单桩竖向抗压容许承载力 vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 109 挡土墙 retaining wall 110 挡土墙排水设施 111 挡土墙稳定性 stability of retaining wall 112 倒梁法 inverted beam method 113 德鲁克－普拉格准则 Drucker-Prager criterion 114 等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test 115 等梯度固结试验 constant gradient consolidation test 116 等效集总参数法 constant strain rate consolidation test117 等应变速率固结试验 equivalent lumped parameter method 118 邓肯－张模型 Duncan-Chang model 119 低桩承台 low pile cap 120 地工织物geofabric, geotextile121 地基 subgrade, ground, foundation soil122 地基沉降的弹性力学公式 elastic formula for settlement calculation 123 地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation soil 124 地基处理 ground treatment, foundation treatment 125 地基固有周期 natural period of soilsite 126 地基固有周期 natural period of soil site 127 地基固有周期natural period of soil site128 地基极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 129 地基稳定性 stability of foundation soil130 地基允许承载力 allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 131 地下连续墙 diaphgram wall 132 地下水 groundwater 133 地震 earthquake, seism, temblor 134 地震持续时间 duration of earthquake135 地震等效均匀剪应力 equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 136 地震反应谱 earthquake response spectrum 137 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 138 地震震级 earthquake magnitude 139 地震卓越周期 seismic predominant period140 地震最大加速度 maximum acceleration of earthquake 141 地质年代geological age 142 地质图 geological map 143 点承桩（台） end-bearing pile 144 电动化学灌浆 electrochemical grouting 145 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 146 电渗法 electro-osmotic drainage 147 顶升纠偏法 148 定喷 directional jet grouting 149 动基床反力法 dynamic subgrade reaction method 150 动剪切模量 dynamic shear modulus of soils 151 动剪切强度 152 动力布西涅斯克解 dynamic solution of Boussinesq 153 动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test 154 动力打桩公式 dynamic pile driving formula 155 动力放大因数 dynamic magnification factor 156 动力放大因素 dynamic magnification factor 157 动力放大因素 dynamic magnification factor 158 动力性质 dynamic properties of soils 159 动强度 dynamic strength of soils 160 动强度 dynamic strength of soils 161 冻土 frozen soil, tjaele 162 冻土地基处理 frozen foundation improvement 163 端承桩 end-bearing pile 164 短桩处理 treatment with short pile 165 断层 fault 166 断裂构造 fracture structure 167 堆载预压法preloading168 对数递减率 logrithmic decrement 169 多维固结 multi-dimensional consolidation 170 垛式挡土墙 171 法兰基灌注桩 Franki pile 172 反分析法back analysis method 173 反复直剪强度试验 repeated direct shear test 174 反压饱和法 back pressure saturation method 175 非饱和土 unsaturated soil176 非线性弹性模量 nonlinear elastic model 177 费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices 178 分层总和法 layerwise summation method 179 分散性土 dispersive soil180 粉体喷射深层搅拌法 powder deep mixing method 181 粉土 silt, mo 182 粉质粘土 silty clay 183 峰值强度 peak strength 184 蜂窝结构 honeycomb structure 185 伏斯列夫参数 Hvorslev parameter 186 扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall 187 负孔隙水压力 negative pore water pressure 188 负摩擦力 negative skin friction of pile 189 附加应力 superimposed stress 190 复合地基 composite foundation 191 盖帽模型 cap model 192 干密度 dry density193 干振成孔灌注桩 vibratory bored pile 194 干重度 dry unit weight 195 刚塑性模型 rigid plastic model 196 刚性基础 rigid foundation 197 刚性角 pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 198 刚性系数 coefficient of rigidity 199 钢板桩 steel sheet pile200 钢筋混凝土板桩 reinforced concrete sheet pile 201 钢筋混凝土预制桩 precast reinforced concrete piles 202 钢桩 steel pile 203 钢桩 steel pile 204 高杯口基础 205 高岭石 kaolinite 206 高压固结试验 high pressure consolidation test 207 高压喷射注浆法 jet grounting 208 高桩承台 high-rise pile cap。
岩土工程 术语
岩土工程术语1. “地基承载力”，这可是岩土工程里的关键术语呢。
就好比房子的脚，脚要是没力气，房子能稳吗？我一朋友盖房子，没搞清楚地基承载力，结果房子刚建起来就有点歪歪扭扭的，可吓人了。
2. “土压力”这个词，你可不能小瞧它。
想象一下，土壤就像一群调皮的小怪兽，一直在给墙体施加压力。
在修挡土墙的时候，如果不考虑土压力，那墙就可能被这些“小怪兽”推倒，就像搭积木时，旁边有人乱推一样。
3. “岩土勘察”，这就像是给土地做个全面体检。
岩土工程师们就像医生一样，拿着各种仪器去探测土地的状况。
我见过他们在工地上，又是钻洞，又是取样的，认真得很。
如果没有岩土勘察，就像医生没给病人检查就开药，那能行吗？4. “边坡稳定性”。
嘿，你看那些山坡，它们要是不稳定，那就像一颗定时炸弹。
我记得有次去山区旅游，看到有些山坡上有防护网，那就是为了保证边坡稳定性。
要是不管不顾，一旦滑坡，后果不堪设想。
5. “压缩模量”听起来有点复杂，其实简单理解就是土被压缩时的一种抵抗能力。
就像弹簧一样，有的弹簧硬，不容易被压缩，土也是这样。
我在学习岩土工程的时候，这个概念可让我头疼了好一阵，真像个调皮的小精灵，老是抓不住。
6. “孔隙比”。
这土啊，就像一块充满小孔的海绵，孔隙比就是这些小孔所占的比例。
要是孔隙比太大，土就像松松垮垮的旧沙发，坐上去都不踏实。
建筑在这样的土上，肯定会有问题。
7. “固结沉降”。
土就像个慢慢被压实的蛋糕，随着时间推移，它会一点点下沉，这就是固结沉降。
我看到过一些老房子，因为当初没有考虑到这个，地面都下陷了，住在里面的人可烦恼了。
8. “抗剪强度”，这可是岩土的一种重要特性。
可以把岩土想象成一块布，抗剪强度就是这块布不容易被撕开的程度。
要是岩土的抗剪强度不够，就像脆弱的纸，一撕就破，在工程里可就危险了。
9. “液塑限”。
土有时候像水一样可以流动，有时候又像泥一样有一定形状。
液塑限就像是土的性格界限。
我曾经做实验测液塑限，那土在不同状态下的变化真是奇妙，就像一个多变的魔术师。
岩土工程英语词汇
岩土工程常用英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and over consolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous lo ading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen a nd mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
岩土工程 术语标准
岩土工程术语标准岩土工程是土木工程中的一个重要分支，它涉及到地下工程的设计、施工和监测。
在岩土工程领域，有许多专业术语是工程师们必须熟悉和掌握的。
本文将介绍一些常用的岩土工程术语，帮助工程师们更好地理解和应用这些术语。
1. 土工程。
土工程是研究土体性质、土体力学和土体工程性质的学科。
土工程术语包括土壤、土体、土质、土壤力学参数等。
2. 岩土。
岩土是指由岩石和土壤组成的地层。
岩土工程术语包括岩石、岩土体、岩土工程性质等。
3. 地基。
地基是指建筑物、桥梁、道路等工程的基础部分，承受和传递荷载到地基土体中。
地基工程术语包括地基承载力、地基沉降、地基基础等。
4. 岩土勘察。
岩土勘察是指对地下岩土条件进行调查和研究，为工程设计和施工提供必要的地质和地下信息。
岩土勘察术语包括钻孔、取样、地质勘察、地下水勘察等。
5. 岩土工程设计。
岩土工程设计是根据岩土勘察结果，对地下工程进行合理的设计和布置。
岩土工程设计术语包括基坑支护、边坡稳定、地下水防治等。
6. 岩土施工。
岩土施工是指根据岩土工程设计方案，对地下工程进行施工和施工监测。
岩土施工术语包括挖土、支护、加固、注浆等。
7. 地下水。
地下水是指地下岩土中的水资源，对地下工程施工和使用有重要影响。
地下水术语包括地下水位、地下水渗流、地下水压力等。
8. 岩土监测。
岩土监测是指对地下工程施工和使用过程中的变形、沉降、裂缝、地下水变化等进行观测和记录。
岩土监测术语包括监测点、监测数据、监测报告等。
以上是一些常用的岩土工程术语，工程师们在进行岩土工程设计和施工时，应当熟悉和掌握这些术语，以确保工程质量和安全。
同时，岩土工程术语标准的制定和统一，对于促进岩土工程领域的发展和交流也具有重要意义。
希望本文能够帮助工程师们更好地理解和应用岩土工程术语，推动岩土工程领域的发展和进步。
岩土专业词汇
地下水位groundwater level /groundwater table 粘土矿物 clay minerals 次生矿物secondary minerals 滑坡 landslide 钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 工程地质勘察 engineering geologicinvestigation 漂石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砂石 gravel 砾砂gravelly sand 粗砂 coarse sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand 粉土Part 1 General words 岩土工程Geotechnical engineering 基础工程Foundation engineering 土 soil ,earth' 土力学 soil mechanics 周期荷载 cyclic loading 卸载 再加载 reloading 粘弹性地基viscoelastic foundation 粘滞阻尼 viscous damping 剪切模量 shear modulus 土动力学 soil dynamics 应力路径stress pathPart 2 Types of soil 残积土silty sand 粘性土clayey soil 粘土clay 粉质粘土silty clay 砂质粉土sandy silt 粘质粉土clayey silt 饱和土saturated soil 非饱和土unsaturated soil 填土filled soil Part 3 Permeability and seepage 达西定律Darcy 's law 管涌piping 流土flowing soil 砂沸sand boiling 流网flow net 渗流seepage 渗漏leakage 渗透压力seepage (force) pressure 渗透性permeability 水力梯度hydraulic gradient 渗透系数coefficient of permeabilityPart 4 Deformation and of foundation 软土soft soil 打入桩(负)摩阻力(negative)skin friction of pile 有效应力effective stress 总应力total stress 十字板抗剪强度fieldvane shear strength 低活性low activity 灵敏度sensitivity 三轴试验triaxialtest 基础设计stressdrivenfoundation design 再压缩recompaction 承载力bearing capacity 土体soil mass 接触压力contact pressure 集中荷载concentrated load 半无限弹性体a semi-infinite elastic solid 均质homogeneous 各向同性isotropic 条基strip footing 方形独立基础square spread footing 下卧层（土）underlying soil （stratum ,strata）恒载/静载dead load 持续荷载sustained load 活载live load 短期瞬时荷载short -erm tra nsie nt load长期荷载long-term transient load折算荷载reduced load沉降settlement变形deformation套管casing堤（防）dike=dyke粘粒粒组clay fraction 物理性质physical properties路基subgrade级配良好土well-graded soil级配不良土poorly-graded soil筛子sieve摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb failure condition有限元法FEM=finite element method 极限平衡法limit equilibrium method 孔隙水压力pore water pressure 先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压缩模量modulus of compressibility 压缩系数coefficent of compressibility 压缩指数compression index 回弹指数swelling index 自重应力geostatic stress 附加应力additional stress 最终沉降final settlement 滑移线slip linePart 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation 开挖excavation 降水dewatering 基坑失稳failure of foundation 基坑围护bracing of foundation pit （基坑）底隆起bottom heave=basal heave 挡土墙retaining wall 孔压分布pore-pressure distribution 降低地下水位法dewatering method 井点系统well point system 深井点deep well point 真空井点vacuum well point 支撑围护braced cuts 支撑开挖braced excavation 支撑挡板braced sheeting Part 6 Deep foundation 桩基础pile foundation 灌注桩cast -n-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 钻孔桩bored pile机控异型灌注桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock 夯扩桩rammed bulb pile 钻孔墩基础belled pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩drilled-pier foundation 预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile 钢桩steel pile 钢管桩steel pipe pile 钢板桩steel sheet pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土管桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 沉井（箱） caisson foundation 地下连续墙diaphragm 摩擦桩friction pile 端承桩end-bearing pile 波动方程分析wave equation analysis 承台pile cap 单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile 单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test 单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验static load test of pile 单桩竖向容许承载力vertical allowable load capacity 低桩承台low pile cap 高桩承台high-rise pile cap 单桩抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 静压桩silent piling 抗拔桩uplift pile 抗滑桩anti-slide pile群桩pile groups群桩效率系数（n）efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应efficiency of pile groups 桩基动测dynamic pile testing 最后贯入度final set 桩动荷载试验dynamic load test of pile 桩的完整性试验pile integrity test 桩头pile head=butt 桩端（头）pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩距pile spacing 桩位布置图pile plan 桩的布置arrangement of piles=pile layout 群桩作用group action 桩端阻end bearing=tip resistance 桩侧阻skin（side） friction=shaft resistance桩垫pile cushion 打桩（振动）pile driving（by vibration）拔桩试验pile pulling test桩靴pile shoe 打桩噪音pile noise 打桩机pile rigPart 7 Ground treatment 建筑地基处理技术规范technical code for ground treatment of building 垫层法cushion method 预压法preloading method 强夯法dynamic compaction method 强夯置换法dynamic compaction replacement method 振冲法vibroflotation method 砂石桩sand-gravel pile/pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥土搅拌桩cement mixing pile 水泥桩cement column 石灰桩lime pile/lime column 高压喷射注浆法jet grouting method 夯实水泥土桩rammed-cement-soil pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile /lime-soil compacted column 化学加固法chemical stabilization method 表层压实法surface compaction method 超载预压法surcharge preloadingmethod 真空预压法vacuum preloading method 袋装砂井法sand wick method 土工织物geofabric /geotextile 复合地基composite foundation 加筋法reinforcement method降低地下水固结法dewatering consolidation method 冷热处理法freezing and heating method 膨胀土地基处理expansive ground treatment 山区地基处理ground treatment in mountain area 湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment 人工地基artificial foundation 天然地基natural foundation 褥垫pillow 软土地基soft clay ground 砂井sand drain 树根桩root pile 塑料排水带plastic drain 碎石桩stone column/gravel pile (复合地基)置换率(compositefoundation) replacement ratioPart 8 固结consolidation太沙基固结理论Terzzaghi ' s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论Barraon 's consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biot ' s consolidation theory 超固结比over consolidation ration (OCR) 超固结土overconsolidation soil 超孔压力excess pore water pressure 多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 一维固结one-dimensional consolidation 主固结primary consolidation 次固结secondary consolidation 固结度degree of consolidation 固结试验consolidation test 固结曲线consolidation curve 时间因子time factor Tv固结系数coefficient of consolidation 前期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 有效应力原理principle of effective stressK0 固结consolidation under K0 condition Part 9 抗剪强度shear strength 不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength 残余强度residual strength 长期强度long-term strength 峰值强度peak strength 剪胀dilatation 抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength 莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 内摩擦角angle of internal friction 粘聚力cohesion 破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfinedcompression strength 有效应力破坏包线effective stress failureenvelope Part 10 Constitutivemodel 弹性模型Elastic model 非线性弹性模型Nonlinear elastic model弹塑性模型Elastoplastic model 粘弹性模型Viscoelastic model 边界面模型Boundary surface model 邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model 刚塑性模型Rigid plastic model 帽模型Cap model 加工软化Worksoftening 加工硬化Work hardening剑桥模型Cambridge model 理想弹塑性模型Ideal elastoplastic model 莫尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yieldcriterion 屈服面Yield surface 弹性半空间地基模型Elastic half-space foundation model弹性模量Elastic modulusPart 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soil冲切破坏Punching shear failure 整体剪切破坏General shear failure 局部剪切破坏Local shear failure 极限平衡状态State of limit equilibrium 地基稳定性Stability of soil/rock foundation 地基极限承载力Ultimate bearing capacity ofsoil/rock foundation 地基容许承载力Allowable bearing capacity ofsoil/rock foundationPart 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysis 主动土压力Active earth pressure 被动土压力Passive earth pressure 静止土压力Earth pressure at rest休止角Angle of repose 边坡稳定安全系数Safety factor of slope条分法Slices methodPart 13 retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性Stability of retaining wall基础墙Foundation wall扶壁式挡土墙Counter retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式板桩墙Cantilever sheet pile wall 重力式挡土墙Gravity retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙Anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板板桩墙Anchored sheet pile wallPart 14 Soil test 高压固结试验High pressure consolidation test K0 固结试验Consolidation under K0 condition 变水头渗透试验Falling head permeability test 不固结不排水三轴试验Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 固结不排水/ 排水三轴试验Consolidated undrained/drained triaxial test 击实试验Compaction test 固结快剪试验Consolidated quick direct shear test 快剪试验Quick direct shear test 土工模型试验Geotechnical model test 离心模型试验Centrifugal model test 直剪仪Direct shear apparatusPart 15 In situ test 标准贯入试验Standard penetration test (SPT) 表面波试验Surface wave test(SWT) 动力触探试验Dynamic penetration test(DPT) 静力触探试验Static cone penetration test 跨孔试验Cross-hole test 螺旋板载荷试验Screw plate test 旁压试验Pressuremeter test 轻便触探试验Light sounding test 深层沉降观测Deep settlement measurement 现场渗透试验Field permeability test 原位空隙水压量测In-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位(土、岩石)试验In-situ soil/rock test 直剪试验Direct shear test 直接单剪试验Direct simple shear test 动三轴试验Dynamic triaxial test 自(共)振柱试验Free(resonance) vibration column test 隧道Tunnel 水平隧道Horizontal gallery 明挖法Cut and cover 沉管法Immersed tube 入口隧道或引道隧道Access tunnel 竖井shaft 斜井Inclined shaft 洞室cavern 天然洞室Natural cavern 人工洞室Artificial cavern 地下综合建筑Underground complex 尺寸Size,dimension 特小断面Mini section 小断面Small section 中断面Medium section 特大断面Very large section 短Short length中长Medium length长大Long length特长大Very long length断面形状Section shape圆形Circular shape马蹄形Horseshoe shape矩形Rectangular shape卵形Egg shape箱形Box shape 内部净空断面形状Inside shape 开挖断面形状Outside or excavation shape 埋深Tunnel depth明挖回填Cut and cover 浅埋Shallow depth 中埋Medium depth 深埋Deep depth 特深埋Very deep depth 用途Purpose or use 调查investigation 地质调查Ground investigation 导洞Pilot tunnel 调查孔或坑道Pilot bore 铁路rail 干线Main line 地铁metro 公路road 人行道pedestrian 车站Station 上水道Water supply 水利发电Hydraulic power 有压与无压隧洞Pressure or non pressure tunnels 分水渠River diversion 洪水Storm water 排水Drainage 水渠Aqueduct 冷气cooling air 冷却水排水Cooling water outfall 航道navigation 下水道Sewerage 地域暖气District heating 电缆cable 热水Hot water 电力－通信Power-telecommunication 通风Ventilation煤气Gas 工厂factory 发电所Generating station 储藏storage 流体和固体储藏Fluids and solids storage 停车parking 办公室，商店Office,shop 军事Military 人防Defence,protection 多目的，多功能Multi service 采矿Mining 地下建筑物各部分名称Parts of cross section 仰拱Invert arch 底板Face,front 入口部 access 洞门 portal 接头部 junction 分岔部 bifurcation 开口部 Opening window 加宽部enlargement 避难洞 Recess 筛子 围岩Surrounding rock 地质学 geology 水文地质学 hydrogeology 岩石力学 Rock mechanics 土力学 Soil mechanics 地震活动 Seismicity 钻孔或钻探floor 拱部或拱顶部 roof 拱顶 crown拱脚Springer 拱肩 shoulders 刹尖 key 边墙 wall 墙脚 feet 腿部 leg 膝部 knee 开挖面或掌子面 face 形状 shape 衬砌 lining 曲隅部 bend 交叉部 crossing 正面部boring地质物理调查Geophysical investigation 室内试验Laboratory test 现场试验In situ test事前调查Probing ahead地质勘探Geologic exploration 围岩的性质Nature of ground 硬岩Hard rock完整岩石Sound rock风化岩Weathered rock破碎岩Fissured rock 软弱围岩Soft ground塑性围岩Plastic ground流动围岩Running ground减压区Decompressed zone 混合围岩Mixed ground 卵石boulder 夹层seam 层理bedding 节理Joint 不透水围岩Impervious ground 透水围岩Pervious ground 蠕变creep 风化，蚀变alteration 透水性permeability 地下水Ground water 湿度moisture 岩溶karst 断层fault 围岩的物理力学性质Ground character 密度density 比重Specific gravity 磨损度abrasivity 溶解度solubility 可钻性Drillability 抗压强度Compressive strength 抗拉强度Tensile strength 抗剪强度Shear strength 内摩擦力Internal friction 粘结力cohesion 剪胀swelling 收缩shrinkage 地压Ground pressure 弹性系数Modulus of elasticity 冲击阻力Impact resistance 孔隙率Porosity ratio 硬度hardness 设计design 分析Analysis 计算calculation 经济比较Economic study 标准化Standardization 计划Plan, planing program 设计数据Design data 垂直荷载Vertical load 水平荷载Horizontal load 浮力Uplift。
岩土工程专业英语
岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1。
综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method基础工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2。
工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层（台)glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil，residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层（台)marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit，sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutonic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水(台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock，igneous rock 岩脉dike dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock—forming mineral褶皱fold，folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil，tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess，huangtu（China）蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat，bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil，clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill，artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay，mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone，broken stone, channery，chat, crushed stone, detritus 未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil，frictional soil, non—cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck，gyttja，mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil 正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity，uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒结构single-grained structure蜂窝结构honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数activity index级配gradation，grading结合水bound water，combined water，held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils，mechanical composition of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, graininess，grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter，average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri—phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的结构soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density，density index 相对压密度relative compaction，compacting factor, percent compaction，coefficient of compaction絮状结构flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台)free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water，gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boil渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure 渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution残余变形residual deformation残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method 负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A 孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B 明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three—dimensional consolidation settlement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量elastic modulus弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压缩层compressed layer压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩性compressibility压缩指数compression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self—weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength最终沉降final settlement7。
岩土工程勘察术语标准
岩土工程勘察术语标准岩土工程勘察是指为了工程建设而对地下岩土进行调查、分析和评价的工作。
在进行岩土工程勘察时，需要使用一系列的术语来描述地质、地形、地貌等相关信息，以便工程设计和施工人员能够准确理解和应用这些信息。
因此，岩土工程勘察术语标准的制定对于规范和统一岩土工程领域的术语使用具有重要意义。
一、地质勘察术语。
1. 地质构造，指地壳中的构造形态，包括褶皱、断裂、褶断等。
2. 地层，指地球内部岩石的分层，由不同性质的岩石组成。
3. 地下水位，指地下水面的高低位置，对于工程建设有重要影响。
4. 地下水渗流，指地下水在岩土中的渗透和流动过程。
5. 岩土层理，指岩石或土壤中的层理构造，包括节理、层理等。
二、地形地貌术语。
1. 地表形态，指地表的形状和特征，包括山地、丘陵、平原等。
2. 地貌特征，指地表地形的特殊特征，如河流、湖泊、峡谷等。
3. 地貌演变，指地表地形的演变过程，包括风化、侵蚀、沉积等。
4. 地震地貌，指地震活动对地表地貌造成的影响和变化。
5. 地质灾害，指地表地形变化引起的灾害，如滑坡、泥石流等。
三、岩土工程术语。
1. 岩土工程勘察，指对地下岩土进行调查和评价的工作。
2. 岩土工程地质报告，指对岩土工程勘察结果进行整理和汇报的文件。
3. 岩土工程勘察单位，指进行岩土工程勘察的专业机构或个人。
4. 岩土工程勘察成果，指岩土工程勘察所得的数据和信息。
5. 岩土工程勘察报告，指对岩土工程勘察成果进行分析和总结的文件。
四、勘察技术术语。
1. 勘察孔，指用于岩土工程勘察的钻孔或挖掘的孔洞。
2. 勘察钻机，指用于进行岩土工程勘察的钻探设备。
3. 勘察测量，指对勘察现场进行测量和记录的工作。
4. 勘察取样，指对岩土进行取样和分析的工作。
5. 勘察监测，指对勘察现场进行监测和观测的工作。
总结。
岩土工程勘察术语标准的制定对于规范和统一岩土工程领域的术语使用具有重要意义。
通过对地质、地形地貌、岩土工程和勘察技术等方面的术语进行规范和统一，可以提高岩土工程勘察的准确性和可靠性，为工程建设提供可靠的地质和地质信息。
岩土工程基本术语
岩土工程基本术语岩土工程geotechnical engineering土木工程中涉及岩石、土的利用、处理或改良的科学技术。
土力学soil mechanics研究土的物理、化学和力学性质及土体在荷载、水、温度等外界因素作用下工程性状的应用科学。
工程地质学engineering geology研究与工程活动有关的地质环境及其评价、预测和保护的科学。
环境岩土工程environmental geotechnics利用岩土工程的理论与实践解决由于人类活动和工农业生产带来的包括环境的合理利用、保护和综合治理的工程措施等的环境问题。
岩土工程勘察geotechnical engineering investigation采用各种勘察手段和方法，对建筑场地的工程地质条件进行调查研究与分析评价。
土的本构关系（本构模型）constitutive relation of soil反映土的应力、应变、强度、时间等宏观性质之间相互关系的数学表达式。
复合地基composite ground在天然粘性土地基中设置一群以碎石、砂砾等散粒材料或其它材料组成的桩柱、使其与原地基土共同械荷载的地基。
土工合成材料geosynthetics用于岩土工程的、以聚合物为原料制造的透水和不透水产品的统称。
砂土液化lique faction of sand饱和松砂的抗剪强度趋于零，由固体状态转化为液体状态的过程和现象。
盾构法shield driving method在预挖竖井内，靠外壳能支承地层压力而又能推进的断面呈圆形等的钢筒结构的盾构，在地下暗挖隧道的一种施工方法。
冻结法freezing method在地层开挖时，以人工制冷方法将软弱粘土或砂土层原地冻结固化，以提高其稳定性和防止水流流入开挖区的施工方法。
岩土英文词汇
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1…andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneo us loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pse udo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a speci men20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of speci men and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1…andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engi neering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
岩土工程专业英语
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short岩土专业英语1vane shear test|十字板剪切试验a semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engin eer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD)consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU)consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strengt h|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundation vi bration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineerin g| 国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low activity|低活性low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile spacing|桩距pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surfa ce|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrin kage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interaction anal ysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of b uilding|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation s oil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl e pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数yield surface|屈服面zonal soil|区域性土岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业外语（硕士）一. 综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil残积土groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂13. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉砂16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25. overconsolidated soil超固结土26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土28. zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥炭32. loess黄土33. frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0′ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0′(cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6. Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28. K0’domain for effective stressesσ1‘ andσ2’9. K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclicloading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh, kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count, standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test16. p0′ effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive strength19. U, Um degree of consolidation, subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. σ1,σ2 principal stresses,σ1′andσ2′denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight有效重度29. density密度30. compactness密实度31. maximum dry density最大干密度32. optimum water content最优含水量33. three phase diagram三相图34. tri-phase soil三相土35. soil fraction粒组36. sieve analysis筛分37. hydrometer analysis比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation级配系数40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy’s law达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage force渗透力11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. foundation design基础设计10. recompaction再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homogeneous均质17. isotropic各向同性18. strip footing条基19. square spread footing方形独立基础20. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained load恒载(持续荷载)22. live load活载23. short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29. dike=dyke堤（防）30. clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土35. normal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=finite element method有限元法41. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46. compression index压缩指数47. swelling index回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. final settlement最终沉降52. slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1. pile foundation桩基础1) cast –in-place灌注桩diving casing cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10. lateral load test of pile单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity of single pile单桩竖向容许承载力14. low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24. final set最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35. pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile noise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column水泥桩12. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表层压实法18. surcharge preloading超载预压法19. vacuum preloading真空预压法20. sand wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foundation复合地基23. reinforcement method加筋法24. dewatering method降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation人工地基30. natural foundation天然地基31. pillow褥垫32. soft clay ground软土地基33. sand drain砂井34. root pile树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1. Terzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraon’s consolid ation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ratio (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidated soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary consolidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型。
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岩土工程专业词汇cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的差不多物理力学性质1.c c compression index2.c u undrained shear strength3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(c u/p0)NC ,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overcons olidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.I p plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of 〝at-rest 〞pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1‘andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading oran undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.q u unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,u b ,u m pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and m ean value, respectively21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1‘andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度30 pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不平均系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透〔流〕7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩〔负〕摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力〔压力〕14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层〔土〕21.dead load =sustained load恒载连续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤〔防〕30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大〔中、最小〕主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平稳法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46 pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖〔挖方〕2 dewatering〔基坑〕降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave 〔基坑〕底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统〔轻型〕10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井〔箱〕3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台〔桩帽〕9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数〔η〕22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端〔头〕29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) 〔振动〕打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22 posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio〔复合地基〕置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时刻因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准那么13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准那么14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平稳状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳固性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳固分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳固安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳固性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础5 pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评判13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷〔动沉降〕十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震连续时刻4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震杰出周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)8 paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直截了当单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free〔resonance〕vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。