高中英语系动词和助动词精讲及练习

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系动词和助动词

一、动词概述

二、连系动词

系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词,接的是形容词。大致分七种

1状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall(asleep), get, go, come, run.

例如:

He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

7.使役动词:let,have,make 使,让…

Let /make somebody do sth

The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.

Make sb/sth adj.

The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.

Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事

Have sth done 让某物被

My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.

有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词,又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同,词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如:

Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)

He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)

They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)

They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词,帮助构成现在进行时)

三、助动词

独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法

(1)be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴?

She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

(2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to d o the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

(3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情况:

①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀?

I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等,同should。

You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

What is to be d one?该干什么。

④表示可能性,与情态动词may, can同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

⑤表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示命运或注定

They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了,没想到再也不能相见了。

He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥用于习语

Where am I to go? 我该向何处去?

What am I to do? 我该怎么办?

2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法

(1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

He has been a d octor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。

(2)和不定式构成谓语,表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车,我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗?

-No. We d on't have to.不,不必了。

3、do(d oes, did) 的用法

(1)构成疑问句或否定句

How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

(2)加强语气。

He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。

-You like popular music, d on't you?你喜欢流行音乐,是吧?

-Yes , I d o.是的,我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

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