中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

A.needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. don’t
3.____ you tell me how to improve my memory?
A.Do B. Can C. Must D. Should
4.I _____ neither read nor write at that time.
例如：We don’t have to go there.
The boy didn’t have to go to school because there were no people there yesterday.
need作为实义动词，其否定形式和疑问句要用助动词do、does或did来帮助提问，
may表示请求，might语气更委婉，
例如：May I help you?
Might I sit here?
may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测
例如：Mary may be doing her homework now.
May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。
I can’t / cannot/ can not help you.
但是must的一般疑问句的否定回答例外，
例如：Must I finish my homework?
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./ don’t have to.
have to的否定形式用do/does/did来完成。
例如He can finish his homework alone.他可以单独完成作业的。
He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old.他18岁时还不会做饭。
can表示推测，意为“可能”，在否定句中表示否定的猜测，意为“不可能”，could用于对过去的猜测，can’t be不可能
拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。
must表示推测，语气比can更强.
例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants.
刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的）
—It______ be John' s. It ‘s ______ small for him.
A. can't; much too B, can't; too much C. mustn't; much too D. mustn't; too much
. 7. -- May I go out now, Dad?
-- No. You______ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
8.— _______ we clean the classroom at once?
— No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school.
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Need作“实义动词”的用法：
a)Need作“实义动词”时，可接名词或动词不定式。
肯定：need+名词need+to do否定：don’t need to do
例如: I need some water, I am very thirsty.
◆注意：
情态动词没有单复数形式变化，除了have to
例如：They have to face their problems.
情态动词变为否定句直接在其后加not，回答时用相应的情态动词帮助回答,
例如：Can I help you?
Yes, of course. / I can. No, I can’t. (注意要用缩写形式回答,但may和might除外)
1、look看；看起来
He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词
It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词
2、feel摸；感觉
I feel someone touch my arm. (我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词
I am not feeling well. (我今天感觉不太好。)连系动词
例如：He could be cooking at this time yesterday.他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。
He can’t be here because he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里，因为他已经去美国了。
can表示请求语气，could的语气更委婉，
I单项选择。
1.Students _____ wear uniforms at school.
A.must B. can C. may D. need
2.We _____ talk or speak loudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas?
例如：I don’t need to get up early.
Parents need love their children more.
had better否定形式在better后加not，had通常可以和主语缩写。
例如：You'd better not make a mistake again.
A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can.
C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may9.–Do you think his story ______ true?--I don’ think so. But it sounds good.
Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或don’t have to回答。
例如：Must I finish my homework now?
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
④must和have to的区别：
a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。
例如：Can I help you? / Could I help you?有什么我可以为您效吗？
拓展：be able to=can也为“能够”，用来表示能力（有人称和时态的变化）
例如：He is able to deal with this problem.他能解决这个问题的。
2.may和might
3.should, ought to
should表示义务，意为“应该”。否定：shouldn’t表示“不应该”。
ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，语气更强。否定：ought not to表示“不应该”.
例如：We should protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。
A. must beB. may beC. can beD. has to be
10.. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may
第一章连系动词
一、定义
连系动词也称系动词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语，例如:
We ought to protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。
4.shall, will和would
shall表请求、建议，
例如：Shall we go shopping together?
will表请求、意愿，would表对过去的意愿或者比will语气更委婉的请求
例如：I will not make this mistake again.我不会再犯这样的错误了。
Will you open the door?你可以打开下窗户吗？
Would you like a hamburger?需要来一份汉堡吗？
5.had better表“最好”，
例如：You had better take a taxi or you will be late.
A.can B. may C. must D. could
5.The conductor(售票员）said I ____ get off at the next stop.
A.must B. had to C. have to D. would have to
6.—Whose T - shirt is this?
She becomes a college student.
His face turns white.
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.
三、难点解释
注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。
We are in Grade six this year.
二、分类
连系动词可具体分为三类:
1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。
例如: He is a teacher. He was a soldier two years ago.
b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to表示客观需要。
例如: I must go now.我必须走了。（我想走了）
I have to go now.我不得不走了。（因为太晚了等原因，不得不走）
◆Need的用法：
Need既可以作“情态动词”，又可以作“实义动词”。
Need作“情态动词”的用法：肯定：need否定：needn’t.
中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解
中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解
1.can和could
2.may和might
3.need, must和have to
情态动词4. should和ought to
5. shall, will和would
6. had better
1.can和could
can表示能力，意为“能够，可以”，could用于过去时，
3、smell嗅；闻起来
My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.
肯定：I need to study hard.
否定：You don’t need to clean this room.
b)疑问句式：要借助助动词do /does.
例如: Does she need to do her homework now?
Do you need to water the tree?
2、表示“感觉”的词，即感官动词，如look(看起来)，feel(觉得，摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)等感官动词后面加形容词。
3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如come，become, get, grow, turn, go都解释为“变”、“变得”
例如：
a) need作“情态动词”时，多用于否定句和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句。
Fra Baidu bibliotek例如: You needn’t worry about us.
Need I water these flowers now?
b)作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t回答。
例如: Need I clean the room?
3. must和have to
must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”，
例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。
You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous.千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。