水滴式饲料粉碎机的设计

摘要锤片式粉碎机是转子在高速旋转工况下工作的机械，如其他高速旋转机械一样，存在静态不平衡问题，也存在旋转工况下的动态不平衡问题，这不可避免地要在运转产生振动和噪声，从而对粉碎机的安装基础、自身结构、使用性能(能耗、效率)及工环境带来不利影响。

根据动静平衡原理，采用了改变锤片的在轴上的布置方式，将原来的非对称式改为较易建立动静平衡的对称交错排列，并运用了传统的平衡校验方法对改进后的转子进行了验算，从而建立了基本上的动静平衡。

考虑了不平衡量大小和不平衡位置对转子系统振动的影响;校核了结构的强度，得到了机座结构的静刚度值和动刚度值。

分析结果表明不平衡度对整机的震动和强度有较大影响。

应用机械优化设计理论，探讨了利用动静平衡原理进行结构动态优化设计，优化效果比较显著;最后针对影响锤片式机动态特性的其它因素，提出了减振措施。

所得结论为粉碎机产品的减振降噪设计以及转子的动静平衡校验提供理论依据时，通过对锤片式粉碎机结构动态优化设计方法的研究，为今后相似类型旋转机械的优化设计提供一个工程参考。

关键词:锤片式粉碎机；动态特性；动态优化设计；动静平衡。

AbstractHammer mill is a high-speed rotation of rotor operating conditions in the work of machinery, like other high-speed rotating machinery, the existence of static imbalance, but also the dynamics of rotating unbalanced conditions, which inevitably arise in the operation vibration and noise, so the installed base of the mill, its own structure, the use of performance (energy efficiency) and a negative impact on work environment. According to the principle of static and dynamic balance, using a hammer to change the axis of the layout in the original non-symmetric static and dynamic balance changed to be easier to establish symmetry with staggered, and the use of the traditional method of checking the balance of the improved rotor were checked,Basically, in order to set up the static and dynamic balance. Taking into account the size and imbalance unbalance location of the vibration of rotor system; check the structural strength, by the base structure of the value of static stiffness and dynamic stiffnes s values. Analysis of results showed that the imbalance of the whole intensity of the shock and have a greater impact. Application of mechanical optimal design theory, to explore the use of static and dynamic balance between the principle of dynamic optimization of structural design and optimization of a significant effect; final hammer against the impact of the dynamic characteristics of machines and other factors, the measures proposed by the vibration.The conclusions for the mill products, as well as noise and vibration reduction design of static and dynamic balance of rotor check and provide a theoretical basis, through the hammer mill on the structural dynamic optimization design study for future similar to the type of optimum design of rotating machinery to provide a reference works.Keywords: hammer mill；dynamic characteristics；dynamic optimization of the design；static and dynamic balance.目录摘要.................................. 错误！未定义书签。

Abstract................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

1. 前言........................................................ - 3 -1.1水滴式饲料粉碎机的发展前景............................. - 3 -1.2三维实体设计在我国农业机械设计的作用................... - 8 -2.水滴式饲料粉碎机的总体设计................................. - 10 -2.1 电动机的确定.......................................... - 10 -2.2 基本结构组成.......................................... - 11 -2.3 工作原理及力学分析.................................... - 11 -3.关键部件的设计 ............................................. - 13 -3.1 锤片的设计............................................ - 13 -3.1.1锤片的种类....................................... - 13 -3.1.2锤片的材质与热处理............................... - 14 -3.1.3锤片数量的确定................................... - 15 -3.1.4锤片的排列和厚度................................. - 15 -3.1.5锤片末端线速度的确定............................. - 17 -3.1.6锤筛间隙的确定................................... - 18 -3.2粉碎室的形状和结构.................................... - 19 -3.2.1粉碎室的形状..................................... - 19 -3.2.2粉碎室的结构..................................... - 20 -3.3转子结构并尺寸与粉碎室宽度及改进...................... - 20 -3.3.1转子结构并尺寸与粉碎室宽度....................... - 20 -3.3.2转子上的改进..................................... - 21 -3.4筛片的设计 ............................................ - 21 -3.5电机与转子的连接...................................... - 22 -3.6旋转主轴的设计及理论校核.............................. - 23 -3.6.1主轴的设计....................................... - 23 -3.6.2旋转主轴的力学分析及理论校核..................... - 25 -3.7滑动轴承的热平衡计算.................................. - 27 -4.整机的虚拟装配 ............................................. - 29 -5.水滴型饲料粉碎机的主要参数................................. - 32 -6.结论........................................................ - 32 -7.结束语...................................................... - 33 -8.致谢........................................................ - 33 - 1.前言1.1水滴式饲料粉碎机的发展前景改革开放以来，我国畜牧业得到了长足发展，畜牧业生产水平不断提高，主要畜产品产量持续二十多年快速增长，畜牧业已成为我国农村经济的支柱产业，也是农民增收的亮点。