体验商务英语3 unit1Globalization
体验商务英语3教案unit11st
一、教案头编号：授课班级：授课日期：年月日年月日年月日本次课标题： Unit 1Globalization (Starting up/Listening/Reading1/Vocabulary)能力（技能）目标知识目标1. Use words to describe 1.Concepts of globalization.教globalization. 2.For and against views on2. Describe the advantages and globalization.学disadvantages of globalization. 3.Background information of 3. Reading skills: read for Boeing company.目information. 4.Vocabulary: Entering new 4. Use words to describe markets.globalization methods.标能1. Greet the students and introduce the aims of this class力2. Leading-in questions训3. Listening: For and against globalization练4. Reading : Going global任5. Vocabulary: Entering new markets.务及过程Teacher’s Resource Book （高等教育出版社）参考资料二、教学设计步教学内容骤告知 1. Concepts of globalization.( 教学 2. For and against globalization.内容、 3. Boeing: Becoming a global company.目的） 4. Vocabulary: Entering new markets.Leading-in: discuss these questions:引入Q1: What do you think globalization means?Q2: Do you think globalization is a recent trend?（任务Q3: What global companies can you think of? What industries 项目）are they in?Q4: Do global companies do more harm than good?Listening:操练Stephen Haseler,Professor of Government at London Guildhall University, has written books on British and（掌握European politics,and on globalization. In this section he 初步或points out how globalization increases competition.He also 基本能describes how it disempowers local governments and suggests 力）that large multinationals are now more powerful than somegovernments.教学Time 方法Activities (学生活动 )(时间 )讲授3min15 min 提问Answer the leading-inquestions.播放录音20 min Students listen to Recording1.1 and finish the exercises.深化（加深对基本能力的体会）归纳（知识和能力）练习15min Exercises pre-teach vocabulary from the interview and focusDo the exerciseon listening for information and for understanding.总结 5 min 1.Vocabulary: Entering new markets. Key words and 全球vocabulary associated with companies joining forces.化的Globalization, in one way or another, has been going on since概念human beings started to travel and to go to war with their及相 Keep the concept of neighbors. However, the modern form is highly dependent on关单 globalization and associated electronic communications and rapid international travel andvocabulary in mind.词freight, and has grown up with them.训练( 巩固拓展检验 )总结作业Reading: Going globalThis article talks about the attempt by Boeing to break down aparochial company culture in favor of a more global view,accompanied by a more international way of doing business.1.Views on and examples of globalization.2.Vocabulary about entering new markets.The exercises on P7 C &P8 B.阅读理解归纳讲述1.Discuss the questions2 .Read the article.25min3. Answer the questions.2 min5 minPractice后记Steps （步骤）Introduction Step OneStep TwoPeriod I: Section I & Section IV Applied writingMethods & Tasks（方法、任务）1.Concepts of globalization.2.For and against globalization.3.Boeing: Becoming a global company.4.Vocabulary: Entering new markets.Leading-in: ask students the following questions:Q1: What do you think globalization means?Q2: Do you think globalization is a recent trend?Q3: What global companies can you think of? What industries are they in?Q4: Do global companies do more harm than good?Listening: For and against globalizationStephen Haseler, Professor of Government at London Guildhall University, has written books on British and European politics, and on globalization. In this section he points out how globalization increases competition. He also describes how it disempowers local governments and suggests that large multinationals are now more powerful than some governments.Part A: Match the words below with their definitions.1)Students work through the exercise individually, checking their answers in pairs.2)Check the answers with the whole class.Answers: 1 c) 2 a) 3 e) 4 b) 5 d)Part B: Listen to the interview and answer these questions.1)Tell students to read the two questions, then play the recording.2)Divide the listening into two parts, pausing between the two main problem areas.3)Go through the answers with the whole class.Answers:1.Stephen Haseler is generally against globalization. He thinks that the advantagesare outweighed by a large number of disadvantages.2.Advantages: Globalization increases competition among companies.3.Disadvantages: Globalization could lead to big employment problems in the West;Globalization prevents governments from controlling their welfare systems.Part C: Complete the text below with these phrases from the interview.1)Write give-and-take, rule the roost and gather pace on the board.2)Students guess what they mean. 3) Get students to work through the exercise inpairs.4) Check the answers with the whole class.Answers: 1 rule the roost 2 give-and-take 3 gather paceReading : Going globalThis article talks about the attempt by Boeing to break down a parochial company culture in favor of a more global view, accompanied by a more international way of doingbusiness.Part A: Discuss these questions.1)What do you know about Boeing?2)Where is its head office?3)What do you think in-plant and out-plant mean?Part B: Go through the answers with the whole class.1.Boeing is a US company which manufactures aeroplanes for civil aviation.Step Three 2.Seattle.3.in-plant means in Seattle. Out-plant means everywhere.Part C: Which of these statements are true?1)Tell students to answer as many of the true/false questions as they can from memory.2)Students check or complete their answers by reading the text again and underliningthe passages which support their answers.3)Go through the answers with the whole class. Ask students to quote the relevantsections of the text to support their answers.Answers: 1 true 2 true 3 true 4 false 5 falseVocabulary: Entering new markets.In this section, students study key words and vocabulary associated with companies joiningforces.Part A: Match the methods below to the definitions.1)Ask the students to do this exercise individually.Step Four2) Go through the answers with the whole class.Answers: a d) 2 f) 3 g) 4 b) 5 c) 6 e) 7 a)Conclusion Homework Part B: Complete these sentences with some of the methods listed above.1)Tell students to do this exercise individually.2)Go through the answers with the whole class.1. joint venture 2 acquisition 3 local partner 4 licensing/franchising1.Views on and examples of globalization.2.Vocabulary about entering newmarkets The exercises on P7 C &P8 B.postscript。
《职通商务英语》第三册1-6单元教案(高教社).doc
综合英语（3）课程教案8th period*Free talkingDiscussion topics: What are the differences between domestic trade and international trade? 作业布置：.1. Do Translation on p ・ 6 parts as HW.2.Try to retell the main idea of the text.3.Review the expressions about how to ask for an appointment. 课后小结：综合英语（3）课程教案综合英语（3）课程教案课后小结:综合英语（3）课程教案综合英语（3）课程教案综合英语（3）课程教案Difficult sentences:1.Foreign exchange traders generate profits, or losses, by speculating whether a currency will raise or fall in value in comparison to another currency.外汇贸易商们通过预测一种货币对另一种货币的升值或贬值进行投机，并由此盈利或亏损。
This sentence can be paraphrased as "Foreign exchange traders earn profit or loss money by doing their business with anticipation of one currency^ change in value compared with another's：Speculate, to buy goods, property, shares, etc, hoping that you will make a profit when you sell them.2.The value of a currency, in the simplest explanation, is a reflection of the condition of that contrry's economy with respect to other major economices.。
体验商务英语3教案 unit 1 3rd
3. Memo.
4.Writing a memo.
讲授
3min
引入（任务项目）
Background information of Case Study:
This case study concerns problems of quality control, coordination and human relations in an international clothing business.
6) It is usual to end with your initials rather than a signature.
Action Plan:
1)For most business meetings, action minutes are more useful than full minutes.
练习口语
Discuss and produce an action plan.
20min
归纳（知识和能力）
1.Writing style of action plan.
2.Writing style of memo.
讲授
Master the writing style and steps of action plan and memo.
Step Three
Task:
1) Give students a few minutes to read through the documents again and think about their ideas individually, then ask them to discuss how to deal with the problems described. Each group should agree a recommendation course of action.
体验商务英语综合教程三(第二版)答案Unit 1 Brands汇编
Discussion Why do people like brands?
a) To consumers - Make shopping a lot easier -Buy reliable products (value for money, durable,
stylish, well-designed) - High-prestige brands enhance one's status
b) To manufacturers - Own instantly recognisable products - Associate specific qualities with the brand
(value for money, quality, safety) - Gain greater customer loyalty - Make more profits - Launch related products under the same brand
Cover various functional areas: marketing, advertising, human resources, production, trade and etc.
Focus on: business knowledge and communication skills；analytical skills and problem-solving skills.
Starting up
• Homework
• 1). Vocabulary: Brand management Ex A, B on P7 • 2). Reading: Made in Europe Ex A, B, C, D on P8
体验商务英语3教案 Unit 3 1st
商务英语 Unit 1 globalisationPPT课件
Disadvantages:
Globalization prevents governments from controlling√
their welfare systems.
Globalization lowers people’s living standards.
Globalization could lead to big employment problems √
c) basic facilities and services of a country, for example water, power, roads
d) a movement of large sums of money out of a country
e) the ability of a business to make money
word
2021ne Globalisation
Listening Warm-up discussion
For or against globalisation?
•Destroys cultural diversity •Homogenizes our world •Bankrupts local small businesses
globalization or against it?
word
2021/3/13
完整版课件
Back to overview
15
Listening For and against globalization
Which of the points below does Stephen Haseler make?
flight of capital Issue
高级商务英语Unit1Globalization
chairman and CEO of General Electric
Lead-in
Warm-up Questions Quiz Quotation Mini Case
Mini Case
Zara Gap Target Wal-Mart
Mini Case
clothing retailer 服装零售商 logistical expertise 物流专业知识 rival 与…相匹敌 fabrics 纤维织物 La Coruna [,lɑ:kɔ:'ru:njɑ:] 拉科鲁尼亚（西班牙西北部港口） intranet 内联网；企业内部网 Barcelona [,bɑ:si'ləunə] 巴塞罗那(西班牙东北部港市) Berlin [bə:'lin] 柏林(德国首都) Beirut [,bei'ru:t] 贝鲁特(黎巴嫩首都)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Lead-in
Warm-up Questions Quiz Quotation Mini Case
Quiz
Lead-in
Warm-up Questions Quiz Quotation Mini Case
Quotation 1
"It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity." -- Kofi Anna
Assignments
Previewing Text A Reading Comprehension Grouping Leader Members
体验商务英语3-练习
用户名：学号 密码：111111
Unit 1 Globalization
Important Reading Sentences
1. There are too many examples in aviation and other sectors of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that. 2. The problem, he says, is not just that employees at Boeing think of other countries as being exotic. 3. It would not repeat earlier mistakes such as attempting to enter the train or boat-building business.
100 metric tons of rice, stating the earliest date of shipment.
2 We trust that we could place large orders with you if your prices are competitive.
3 If your quality is good and the price in line with the market
体验商务英语3讲稿
Unit 1 GlobalizationI Teaching Objectives1．Master the vocabulary of globalization；useful language on managing telephone calls2．Be familiar with different views on globalization；3．Get to know the background of Boeing companyII Teaching procedureStep 1 Starting up: (15 minutes)1) Students are asked to figure out the meaning of the quotation. Then someone is asked to present his answer.2) Divide the students into groups of 4 to discuss the 4 questions.Step 2 V ocabulary: task A, B (10 minutes)1) Have the students do the exercise in pairs. (dictionary using allowed)2) check the answers with the whole classStep 3 Reading: Going global and Phone rage (40 minutes)1) Discuss the question in task A briefly with the whole class.2) Have the students do exercise C in the first reading and exercise B in the second reading3) check the answers with the whole classStep 4 Language review: Comparing (10 minutes)1) Briefly elicit some examples from every business life where comparing might be necessary,e.g. figures; products.2) students are required to do the task A3) Check the answer with all the students.Step 5 Case study (25 minutes)1) Ask students to think about what possible problems a large clothing company might have inthese areas.2) Elicit suggestions from the whole class and write them on the board.Unit 2 BrandsI Teaching Objectives1．Master the vocabulary of talking about brands；useful language in taking part in meetings 2．Be familiar with past simple and simple perfect3．Get to know some famous brandsII Teaching procedureStep 1 Check on the answers of last-week assignments (10 minutes)Step 2 Starting up:1) Ask students, working individually, to make a list of their five favorite brand.2) Ask students to discuss the advantages of branded goods for the manufacturer and the consumer(5 minutes)3) Do exercise CStep 3 V ocabulary (20 minutes)1) Students are given 15 to finish the exercises of task A &B2) Ask few students to present their answers.3) Give explanations to some difficult terms.Step 4 Reading: (15 minutes)Questions for discussion: How can manufacturers protect their brands from piracy?1) Read the article and do exercise B.2) Have the students do exercise C and DStep 5 Language review: past simple and present perfect (10 minutes)1) Students are supposed to finish task AStep 6 Additional reading material—What’s that smell?Unit 3 TravelI Teaching Objectives1．Master the terms irritating travelers when flying; sills of making arrangements on the telephone 2．Be familiar with the usage of ―will‖3．Get to know the background of EmiratesII Teaching procedureStep 1 Check on the answers of last-week assignments (10 minutes)Step 2 Starting up: (10 minutes)1) give explanation to the quote2) introduction on Anne Morrow LindberghBorn: 6/22/1906Birthplace: Englewood, New JerseyDied: Passumpsic, Vermont, 2/7/2001Known in her own right as a writer, she was also co-pilot and navigator for her husband, Charles Lindbergh. The couple met when Anne’s father was ambassador to Mexico when Lindbergh came to visit and took the family on sight-seeing flights. Under her husband’s tutelage, Anne earned her p ilot’s license in 1931.3) Have the students do exercise B and CStep 3 Reading: Free flight offer1) Background of Emirates AirlineEmirates Airline: Dubai（迪拜）based Emirates Airline is one of the fastest growing airlines in the world and has received more than 300 international awards for excellence since its launch in 1985. Emirates now takes you to more than 80 destinations in Europe, the Middle East, the Far East, Africa, Asia, Australasia and North America.Let students see a video recording about Emirates Airline2) New wordsincentive n. sth that encourages a person to work harder, produce more or spend more moneyvoucher n.a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money to pay for sth, or that allows one to pay less than the usual price3) Get students do exercise of task AStep 4 Reading: Passengers behaving badlyNew Words1.abusive a. rude, offensive and insulting2.verbal a. relating to or in the form of words3.assault n. a violent verbal or physical attack4.frustrate v. cause (someone) to feel dissatisfied or unfulfilled5.storm v. move angrily or forcefully in a specified directionpel v. force or oblige to do something7.adrenaline n. 肾上腺素8.cramped a. uncomfortably small or crowded9.let rip: to speak or behave violently or emotionally or without restraint10.septuagenarian n. a person who is between 70 and 79 years old11.down to: be attributable to (a factor); be the responsibility of1) Skim and scan the article to find two examples of passengers behaving badly1.A business shot out the front tyres of a plane on the runway.2. A 70-year-old hit a steward because there was no more steak.2) Check the answersUnit 4 AdvertisingI Teaching Objectives1. To enable Ss to know about advertisements, to know what factors a successful ad contains2. To familiarize Ss with vocabulary concerning advertising media and methods3. Get to know outdoor advertisementsII Teaching procedureStep 1 Check on the answers of last-week assignments (15 minutes)Step 2 Quotation: Advertising is the greatest art form of the twentieth century.‖Marshall McLuhan (马歇尔·麦克卢汉) (1911—1980), Canadian author, educator, & philosopher : Canadian academic and commentator on communications technology, who developed theories about the role of the electronic media in mass popular culture. He is best-known for the studies institutionalized as the University of Toronto’s Center for Culture and Technology, where he was direct or from 1963. McLuhan’s works include UNDERSTANDING MEDIA (1964) and MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE(1967), in which he argued that the form of media has more significant effect on society and knowledge than the contents carried. McLuhan prophesied（预言）that printed books would become obsolete, killed off by television and other electronic information technology.Step 3 Definitions of Advertising•Advertising is promoting a product, service, brand or store.•Advertising is a paid form of communicating a message by the use of various media. It is persuasive, informative, and designed to influence purchasing behavior or thought patterns.•Advertising is defined in Webster’s dictionary ―as the action of calling something to the attention of the public especially by paid announcements, to call public attention byemphasizing desirable qualities so as to arouse a desire to buy or patronize: promote.‖Step 4 Types of Advertising•Informational advertising- describes a product’s objective characteristics—price, features, uses, etc.•Persuasive advertising - designed to shift consumers’ tastes –―Drink this beer and women will find you irresistible.‖ ― Drive this red sports car and men will love you.‖Step 5 Methods of advertisingTo reach the consumer, advertisers employ a wide variety of media. The most popular media, as measured by the amount of ad spending, are television, newspapers, direct mail, radio, Yellow Pages, magazines, the Internet, outdoor advertising, and a variety of other media, including transit ads, novelties, and point-of-purchase displays. Generally, newspapers are the most popular advertising medium, followed by television, magazines, radio, and outdoor advertising.Step 6 Discussion on the four adsStep 7 V ocabulary : Exercise BStep 8 ReadingExercise A, C and DUnit 5 EmploymentI Teaching Objectives1. Master the words or expressions related to employment2. Be familiar with past simple and past continuous3. Get to know ways to encourage new ideaII Teaching procedureStep 1 Check on the answers of last-week assignments (10 minutes)Step 2 Starting up: (5 minutes)1)―It is all one to me if a man from Sing Sing or Harvard. We hire a man, not his history.‖Henry Ford(1863—1947), American car manufacturer, was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents. As owner of the Ford Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with ―Fordism‖, that is, the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line, coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arranged for his family to control the company permanently.2)Which factors do you think are important for getting a job? Choose the five most importantand give your reasons.age sex appearance astrological sign blood group referencescontacts and connections experience family background handwriting hobbies intelligence marital status personality qualifications sickness record3)Think about jobs you've had or you want to have and interviews you've attended. Ask eachother about your worst:Step 3 Reading: Choose the right candidate(20 minutes)1) Task B: Do people change during their working lives?‖Fundamentally, people stay the same. They may learn things, and later in life forget them, but basic abilities—such as language learning and numeracy—change little.2 ) Task C: What types of failures do companies experience, according to the article?People who panic; people with impressive qualifications who can't learn; hypochondriacs;unstable people; those who don't come up to expectations.3) What does a fine future behind them mean?That some people had potential when they were employed—but never realised that potential.4) Task DWord studyquick-tempered [ kwik 'tempəd ] a.性急的, 易怒的punctual ['pʌŋktjuəl] a.严守时刻的,准时的,正点的-- A punctual person always finishes everything ahead of time一个守时的人总是把事情提前做好。
体验商务英语3 unit 1 Case study- Fotune Garments (4)
Weaknesses
The globalization affects its overseas plants, having a bad effect on its share price.
1. Quality control Subsidiaries make clothing from materials supplied by several of company’s plants. the materials are often of poor quality. this has resulted in cancelled orers. 2 .Responding to customer needs Orders have also been cancelled because Fortune Garments’ subsidiaries are not responding quickly to customers’ needs. 3. Design It seems to lost its creative energy. its latest collections were described by a famous fashion expert as boring, behind the times and with no appeal to a fashion-conscious buyer'. the problem is that ideas are not shared between the company’s designers.
Improve the work environment of the administrative staff to make sure the offices are well ventilated.
体验商务英语综合教程3中文双语对照版
体验商务英语综合教程3 第二版双语对照版Unit1 Made in Europe 欧洲制造Almost every fashion label outside the top super-luxury brands is either already manufacturing in Asia or 5 thinking of it. Coach, the US leather goods maker, is a classic example. Over the past five years, it has lifted all its gross margins by manufacturing solely in low-cost markets. In March 2002 it closed its factory in Lares, Puerto Rico, its last company-owned plant, and outsources all its products.除了顶级奢侈品牌外几乎所有的时尚品牌都已经在亚洲生产，或者正在考虑这么做。
美国的皮革商品制造商蔻驰（Coach）就是一个经典的例子。
在过去的五年中，它通过仅在低成本市场生产来提升毛利率。
在2002年的3月，它关闭了在波多黎各拉雷斯的最后一间公司所属工厂，将所有产品全部外包。
Burberry has many Asian licensing arrangements. In 2000 it decided to renew Sanyo's Japanese licence for ten years. This means that almost half of Burberry's sales at retail value will continue to be produced under license in Asia. At the same time however, Japanese consumers prefer the group's European-made products.巴宝莉（Burberry）在亚洲持有许多许可授权安排。
体验商务英语3-unit1Globalization
1
GLOBALIZATION
Chapter Objectives
2
1. Understand the term of globalization 2. Understand the main drivers of globalization 3. Understand the changing nature of the global
1-4
Introduction
5
The effects of this trend can be seen in the following
Examples in our daily life:
in the cars people drive in the food people eat in the jobs where people work in the clothes people wear in many other ways
1-5
What Is Globalization?
6
Question: What is globalization?
Globalization refers to the trend towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy.
1. Converging tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations Q: Impacts on American businesses?
2. Examples of global brands: Coca Cola, Starbucks, Sony, and McDonald’s
体验英语3 unit 1 passage A
4) What is Leon Nacson’s specific area of concern regarding the state of environment?
... see everything as independent from one another Paraphrase Key ? regard everything as a single and isolated being ... independent from/of — separate and not connected with Example • The United States became independent from Britain in 1776.
Return to Menu
Passage A
Passage A
• Think About It
• Read About It
• Talk About It
• Write About It
1. Why should we treat the earth we live on as our Mother Earth? Reference:
Key The flood has isolated the village from outside for two weeks.
(be) blind to — to completely fail to notice or realize something 对……视而不见，不了解 Examples
consequence n. — something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions Examples • The safety procedures had been ignored, with potentially tragic consequences. • Acceptance of what has happened is the first step to overcoming the consequences of any misfortune.
体验商务英语综合教程3课文翻译(全)
第一单元欧洲制造除顶级奢侈品牌外几乎所有的时尚品牌都或者已经在亚洲生产，或者正在考虑这样做。
美国皮具制造商蔻驰(Coach）是一个典型的例子。
在过去的五年中，它通过完全在低成本市场生产已经提高了毛利率。
2002年3月它关闭了在波多黎各拉雷斯的工厂（公司拥有的最后一家工厂)，将所有产品全部外包。
巴宝莉(Burberry）在亚洲有许多特许授权安排，2000年它决定给日本三洋公司的特许授权延长十年.这意味着按零售价计算巴宝莉几乎一半的销售额将是亚洲授权生产的。
但是同时，日本的顾客却偏爱该集团欧洲生产的产品。
为了应对这种对巴宝莉在亚洲工厂所生产产品的需求,三洋公司在东京银座开设旗舰店，出售从欧洲进口的巴宝莉产品.在《金融时报》的采访中，许多企业高管表示,消费者认为顶级的奢侈品牌来自欧洲，在亚洲尤为如此。
古琦（Gucci）的多米尼克·德索尔说：“无论如何,亚洲的消费者只相信：奢侈品来自欧洲,而且一定是那里制造的最好。
" 古琦的控股公司(Pinault Printemps Redoute）的首席执行官塞格·温伯格说，公司不会将古琦的生产线移到海外.然而一些业内人士认识到,就算对豪华奢侈品牌而言，这种变化也将来临。
普拉达（Prada）的首席执行官帕特里齐奥·埃特里说：“‘意大利制造’的标签很重要，但我们真正提供的是一种风格，风格是文化的表现"。
因此，他认识到高品质的时尚产品并非总是要在意大利生产.欧洲工商管理学院市场营销系的Amitava Chattopadhyay教授说：“品牌就是消费者心中的一系列联想，其中之一就是原产地.对于奢侈品，品牌的作用至关重要。
破坏它是一种弥天大罪。
没有哪个品牌经理愿意将产地和品牌形象之间的关系搞错.”第三单元活儿脏，点子棒SOL清洁公司是欧洲北部最令人向往的公司之一，走进它的总部SOL城，你会感觉就像走进了一个商业广场。
它坐落在赫尔辛基市中心一家翻新过的电影制片厂里,里面色彩炫烂、气氛喧闹,彰显着非凡的创造力。
体验商务英语3 unit1_globalization
Passage A—Hallmark’s Asian Valentine
warming up—Culture notes. global comprehension of the text—the structure, the general idea detailed study of the text—language points translation practice classroom activity
17
Passage A Hallmark’s Asian Valentine
18
Warm-up Activities:
1.Do you know anything about Chinese Valentine’s Day?
?
?
?
19
Warm-up Activities
2.Which do you think is more popular among young people, Chinese Valentine’s Day or western Valentine’s Day? Why?
9
Some Important Organizations Contributing to Globalization(1)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was
established in 1995 to administer the rules of international trade agreed to by its 123 member countries. These rules have been ratified by the parliaments of all members.
体验商务英语3unit1Globalization解读
Plate divided the country into three classes: ruling class with strictly philosophy education, warrior caste and civilian class. Plate scorned personal happiness, emphasized the integrity. In Plato’s eyes, the third class people are inferior, and be cheated.
Globalization also contains an ideological dimension. For instance, that whether globalization is a good thing or not sparked a heated debate in the ideological area.
Selling globalization
American people’s attitude towards LOGO globalization. 65% of the respondents think globalization is a good thing for customers and businesses in both US and the rest. On the other hand, they are afraid that globalization might lead to a significant loss of American jobs. 70% of those think that free trade agreement with low-wage countries are responsible for driving down wages in the US
体验商务英语3 unit1Globalization(2)
• In this part,all of groups will have 3 minutes to have a discussion and find out the right answer. • Afater discussion time,all of 4 groups will send one student to write down the answer on the blackbroad.
Game rule: if you put forward your view on globalization ,your group will get 1 points. Remember to discuss it in English . If you say it in Chinese , your group will decline 0.5points.
• advantages of globalization
• the disadvantages of globalization Globalization
advantages of globalization
• Group1-4:Do you know what is the significance • Group3:Do you know what are these • The First Industrial Revolution improved traffic of The Fist Industrial Revolution? Maps and shrengthened about?---2points conditionstelling Industrialthe connection of The First Revolution countries in the world. answer it will score 1-3 • Hurry up,anyone who • It also maked it possible to produce more goods points
体验商务英语综合教程第3册录音文本
体验商务英语综合教程第3册录音文本★本套英语资料为外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770)整理制作，愿能助您英语学习一臂之力★UNIT 1Globalisation1.1Could you tell me about the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation?The great advantage of globalisation in my view is that it increases competition. Companies and firms have to be careful and have to order their affairs so that they compete in a global market.But I think that is outweighed by a large number of disadvantages.The first one is that it does hurt the local government's ability to deal with issues like welfare benefits, wages and taxes,mainly because the corporation is able to say to the British Government or the French Government or the American government,‘Look, unless you lower your taxes on us, we'll the moving off to South East Asia or Latin America', and so on.And so it takes out of the hands of government the ability to control their own welfare systems,and provide a decent infrastructure for their people.Now this is not so bad as long as there is some negotiation between governments and companies.But more and more in recent years, companies have started to rule the roost. The corporation... some commentator said the other day,‘The corporation is the most important institution in our lives,' and I think there's a lot truth in that.They can now dictate to governments,and I want to see some kind of give-and-take between governments and corporations. Now that's the first problem.The other problem that I see, of course, is one of unemployment in the Western world. As companies want to improve their profitability, they're going to be looking for the low-cost, low-wage centres.So we're going to see a flight of capital from the West which is going to be sudden and dramatic.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：If this is too sudden and is not managed properly we could find very sever employment problems in the Western world.So that is, I think, the kind of issue we've got to deal with as this process of globalisation gathers pace.1.2A survey has come up with some interesting information about the cost of living in our major cities.Tokyo is still the most expensive city in the world.Osaka is second and Moscow third, on a par with Hong Kong.Many European cities have gone down the rankings because their exchange rates have become weaker against the US dollar.Moscow's exchange rate has also become weaker,but Russia has a much higher inflation rate than many European countries.So prices in Moscow are among the highest in Europe.But there is one advantage of living in Moscow.The underground is excellent-very cheap and much more comfortable than the one in London.New York is the most expensive US city.This is because the US dollar is stronger than many other currencies.Some European countries that used to be far more expensive than New Your are now much cheaper.London is the 10th most expensive city in the world, according to the survey.A year ago, London was 5%-10% cheaper than many French and German cities.This is no longer so. Now London is 15% dearer than the German and French cities mentioned in the survey.However, London is a good city to live in.Business people said that London was the most exciting of all the major cities in the world.Londoners also claim that it is cleaner than it used to be, and safer than many other European cities.If you're hard up, don't go to Oslo-it's Europe's most expensive city.Meals at restaurants cost a fortune and drinks are very pricey.1.3Conversation 1Yes?Could I speak to Mr Smith?Er... I don't know erm I think he's out.Do you know when he'll be back?Well, I'm not quite sure. You could maybe try tomorrow.OK. Bye.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：Conversation 2Hello. Is that Janet, Bill's secretary?Yes, that's right.It's John Blank. I'm just phoning to give him an invoice number.Yeah. What is it?Oh, let me see, where is it. Yeah, I've got to have it here somewhere.Look, phone me back when you find it. I'm rather busy just now.Conversation 3Hello. I'd like to speak to Bob Graham.He's not here.Could you tell me when he'll be back?Later this afternoon.Well, could you take a message for me?Sorry, I don't have time. I'll have to ring off, I'm going to lunch. Conversation 4Hello, it's Susan here. I'm just phoning to check my appointment with Chris tomorrow. Yeah?Could you look it up for me?Oh, I don't know... where's the diary?... Yes, got it. So it was the 16th, was it? No, the 18th.No, I can't find anything, I didn't write it down.Conversation 5Hello Bilk Ltd.Hello, this is Jack Johnson. I'm phoning about the delivery. Has it arrived yet? No, it hasn't. We've been waiting a week. It still isn't here yet.I'm really sorry about that.Well, we've been waiting for too long. It's not good enough. You're wasting our time. Oh, I'm sure your order will be...UNIT 2Brands2.1What is branding and why do we need brands?A brand can be a name, a term or a symbol.It is used to differentiate a product from competitors' products.The brands guarantee a certain quality level. Brands should add value to products. It's a synergy effect whereby one plus one equals three.But customers must believe they get extra value for money.2.2★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：There are different types of brands.There are what we refer to as the stand alone brands or individual brands,for example Ariel, Haagen Daaz ice-cream, Direct line insurance, or Marlboro cigarettes.They require separate marketing support.There's also the corporate branding, or family brands such as Heinz or Virgin, Marks and Spencer, Levis.2.3We need new brands because, well, customers want new brands.They want choice. They want a selection of different products.They like to rely on the quality levels guaranteed by the company.They like to trust products. It makes shopping so much easier for them.And also, they like to identify with brands.UNIT 3Travel3.1Good morning, CPT. How may I help you?It's Philippa Knight here. Could you put me through to extension 281 please? Certainly. Putting you through.Hello. Maria Bonetti speaking.Hello Maria. It's Philippa Knight from The Fashion Group in New York.Hi Philippa, how are things?Fine thanks. I'm calling because I'll be in London next week and I'd like to make an appointment to see you.I want to tell you about our new collection.Great. What day would suit you? I'm fairly free next week, I think.How about Wednesday? In the afternoon? Could you make it then?Let me look now. Let me check my diary.Oh yes, that'd be no problem at all.What about 2 o'clock? Is that OK?Perfect. Thank very much. It'll be great to see you again. We'll have plenty to talk about.That's for sure. See you next week then.Right. Bye.Bye.3.2Good morning, CPT. How may I help you?I'd like to speak to Maria Bonetti, extension 281, please.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：Thank you. Who's calling please?It's Philippa Knight, from The Fashion Group.Thank you. I'm putting you through.Hello, I'm afraid she's engaged at the moment.Will you hold or can I take a message?I'll leave a message please. The thing is, I should be meeting Ms Bonetti at 2 pm, but something's come up.My plane was delayed, and I've got to reschedule my appointments.If possible, I'd like to meet her tomorrow. Preferably in the morning.Could she call me back here at the hotel please?Certainly. What's the number please?It's 020 7585 3814.I'll be leaving the hotel soon, so if she can't call me back within,say, within the next quarter of an hour, I'll call her again this morning. Is that OK?Right. I've got that. I'll make sure she get's the message.Thanks for your help. Goodbye.Goodbye.3.3Could you introduce yourself please?Certainly.My name's David Creith and I'm the Customer Service Teaching Manager for British Airways in Terminal 4 at Heathrow.What problems do you have to solve for business travelers?A lot of problems. Probably the main one is seating requests.A lot of business travelers have specific seating requests.Some people want an aisle, some people want a window, some people want to sit next to their colleague.It's not always possible to give everyone the exact seat they want due to the aircraft being fully booked.Certain passengers may say this is going to disrupt their business trip, because they can't discuss things with colleagues-that sort of thing.One of the other things we get is downgrading.Sometimes, like all airlines, due to commercial pressure we have to oversell fights. Occasionally we miscalculate and have to downgrade passengers to a lower class —for example from First to Business Class or Business to Economy.Obviously passengers aren't happy about this at all.The opposite thing is an upgrade.Passengers may request an upgrade for countless reasons —for anything that has happened to them in the past and they perceive that British★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：Airways has done wrongly.Or just because they think they're a very important person or very commercially important as regards British Airways.And so they demand an upgrade for the smallest of reasons.For example, we have Gold Card holders —that's part of the British Airways frequent flights scheme —who like to see their status recognised and will request an upgrade almost habitually.There are also problems with baggage.Passengers' baggage may have been lost or damaged on previous flights,and it may mean a lot of running around on my part,and trying to trace where a bag may have gone missing or how it was damaged. And it's quite an exhausting process trying to find out things because, obviously Heathrow and British Airways is a very large organisation.3.4How do you deal with people who complain by phone?The very first thing you've got to do is listen very carefully,because they may have a very valid cause for complaining.But the important thing is to listen carefully enough to find the actual cause of the complaint,and not just the symptoms of the complaint.For example, a passenger may have been on a delayed flight.From our point of view it's important to find out what actually caused the delay —because it may have been factors completely out of the airline's control.And if it was something to do with the airline then we obviously have to try and redress that,so that it doesn't happen again and offer an apology if it's due.UNIT 4Advertising4.11There's one about a car with lots of children and people dancing.They're all playing around. I like it because it's colourful, I like the music and it's chaotic.But I can't remember what car it is.Oh, and I hate all the ads for banks and insurance companies. They're so boring. 2★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：The one I liked was Levi Strauss, when a very good looking boy dives into a pool. And everyone thinks he looks marvelous. And there's a great tune they play-'Mad about the boy'.3I liked the Renault Clio ad so much that I went out and bought the car.My husband hadn't passed his driving test and it was totally my decision.I thought it was a funny ad.It just appealed to my sense of fun,and actually it was a bit of a joke to say that I'd bought something as big as a car purely on the basis of the advert.4I remember watching a Dairy Box chocolate advert very late at night with some collage friends,and there was an all-night garage round the corner.Suddenly I just felt that I had to have those chocolates and I went out and bought them.It was an immediate response to an advert.Normally you don't allow yourself to be influenced strongly by ads but sometimes it's fun just to go along with it.4.2Andrew, could you tell me what has been your most successful advertising campaign? Er, I did a campaign for a marmalade product called Frank Cooper's marmalade, in Britain.It was a campaign we organized with a radio station, Classic FM, which concentrates on classical music.We targeted the morning, the breakfast programme, and we had a series of regular adverts,we had a sponsorship tie-up and we had a competition.And the response was tremendous.We had a huge increase in sales of our marmalades, especially in the key retailers who we were targeting,and since then we had many more listings in retail outlets.So the campaign was extremely positive,but the key thing that made it successful was the amount of money we spent - very little money -and in terms of sales results, as a percentage of the amount of money we spent, it was a huge success.So it was very cost effective.It was very cost effective and at the end of the day, that's what we're looking for. Why do you think it was so successful?★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：Targeting.We had a very good match between the types of people who we knew bought marmalade and the types of people who we knew through research listened to that radio station. And we fitted them together in a way that made sense.In the morning, at breakfast time, marmalade is a product eaten mainly by older people,so they were listening to this radio station.Everything fitted together - that's what made it a success.Is there another piece of TV advertising you can think of, which was very successful? Well, er... I was very proud once of an advert I did for Kraft Cream Cheese Spread. It was very simple. We demonstrated what the product did.Three glasses of milk went into this cheese spread,we said why mothers would need it - it was for the kids to help them grow up, it was a growing up spread -and we created an advert that was fun.And so the kids liked watching it, and so obviously when they were in the supermarket with their mothers, they'd say,'Mum, mum, I like that product, can we get it?'And so the kids like it, the mother feels OK because she's being reassured that it's got health and nutrition benefits,and the sales have done very well.That's the key thing about advertising. If it doesn't generate sales, then it's no good.4.3Andrew, a lot of people think advertising is a waste of money. Is that your view? No, not at all. I would say that, wouldn't I?Advertising is one of many ways in which manufacturers persuade customers to buy their products.You've got public relations, you've got sponsorship, you've got price promotions, you've got all sorts of promotional techniques.It's one element of what we call the marketing mix.In today's world, people are bombarded with advertising, with calls on their time, with picking up the kids from school, taking the dog for a walk, paying the gas bill. They haven't got time to make judgments on which can of tomatoes is the best one for me,or which brand of coffee gives me the best flavour.And if you can be constantly telling people why they should choose your brand, rather than another one, they're going to remember that.So when they're shopping, and they see your product on the shelf, they'll remember it.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：It's 'front of mind', as we say.It means that the person knows, ah coffee, I need coffee,which brand am I going for, ah Jacobs, yes I've seen that, that's good isn't it - and they just buy it.It's an automatic response, they don't spend more than two or three seconds making a choice,and unless you're front of mind in those two or three seconds, they're going choose another brand.4.4Presentation 1Good morning everyone, on behalf of myself and Focus Advertising, I'd like to welcome you.My name's Sven Larsen, I'm Commercial Director.This morning. I'd like to outline the campaign concept we've developed for you. I've divided my presentation into three parts.First, the background to he campaign, next the results of our market study, thirdly, the concept itself.If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to interrupt me.Presentation 2Hi, I'm Dominique Lagrange. Good to see you all.As you know, I'm Creative Director of DMK.I'm going to tell you about the ideas we've come up with for the ad campaign.I'll give you the background and talk you through the results of the market study and tell you all about our concept.If you're not clear about anything, go ahead and ask any questions you want.UNIT 5Employment5.1Alan, how can a candidate impress an interviewer?Well, David, I feel it's basically all down to good preparation.First of all, find out about the job.You could ring up the Press Officer or the Marketing Department and get the latest press releases,or perhaps an annual repot.The annual report, for example, will say where the company operates and the products it sells.Then, when you get there, you perhaps could congratulate the interviewer on a recent success the company's had.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：In a nutshell, find out about that company.Show that you've taken an interest in the company and show enthusiasm for the job because,after all, that's what they're looking for in the candidate.They want somebody not only who's qualified for the job but will want to do the job, and will be interested and enthusiastic about the job.Secondly, you could go to the company maybe a few days before the interview, talk to the receptionist, get a company newspaper —you can always pick you literature on the products maybe you'll be involved in.A very good tip - find out what the dress code is.You need to fit in and you need to make a good impression.Finally, your CV. Make sure it's easy to read, it's well written, but it's concise - don't ramble.I must say that I have done all of this, I've prepared my CV, and it was really good.I left it behind - I didn't get the job!5.2Alan, are there any key questions that you regularly use when interviewing candidates?Yes, there are and it's almost a ritual with me.Following the CV tells you about the person and their qualifications.What you also want to know is their personality.So key questions I ask — what do they like most and what do they like least about their present job?They might say that they like travelling and they like meeting new people. These are standard answers.I think more interestingly perhaps are what don't they like about the company. They might not like working weekends at their current company.You might have the same problems with yours, working weekends might be something essential for the job.Also, ask them what their weaknesses are.They're usually, generally I would say, quite honest when they're giving their weaknesses.And ask them what their strengths are.It gives you an in-depth, if you like,feeling about their personality rather than just the straightforward qualifications that they have on their CV.Do they fit in? That's what you're really looking for.5.3Good, everyone's here now. There's coffee if you want it.Right, can we start please? As you all know, Roberto's been working as assistant★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：to Carla Nunez for six months now.He's just finished him probationary period. How do you feel about offering him a full time contract?I'm not sure we should do it really.It says in this report that he's been late to work a few times and he can be rather... Oh, I don't think that's too important...Could you let her finish please?Oh, sorry, I didn't mean to butt in...Another thing about Roberto I'm not happy about. He leaves exactly on time every day.Also he doesn't have lunch with us very often, you know, he goes off on his own... I'm not sure that's relevant.Mmm, maybe.I think we should move on now if we're going to finish by 11 o'clock. We do have other promotions to consider.But what about his actual work? In my opinion, it's fine. He's done some really good things.Well, I think we should discuss this a bit more. What exactly do you mean by 'good things'?Well, thanks very much, Maria. You've made your views very clear.OK, let's go over what we've agreed. Roberto will have a further probationary period of three months. After that...5.4How let me ask you a question we ask all our candidates. Why should we hire you? Why hire me? Simple. I get along well with people. I'm used to dealing with people from all walks of life.That's vital for this job. And I've got lots of ideas for making Slim gyms more profitable. Want to hear them?Not just now, if you don't mind. We'll come back to that later. Um, about your attendance record.Could you tell me why you've had quite a bit of time off?Hmm, you've been talking to my boss, I see. Let's get this clear.I've taken a day off now and then, true, but it's always to go to some family celebration —a marriage, a christening, a family reunion sometimes.Uh huh.Anyway, I've got a great assistant at work — she looks after things if I'm away. It's no problem at all if I have a day off now and then.Right. Can we look into the future now? I'm interested to know where you see yourself in a few years.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：In a few years I suppose I see my self... um, working for your organisation, running the whole business.I hope you achieve that objective.5.5Right, a question now about your managerial skills. You're currently with a sporting goods firm.Do you enjoy working on a team — with other managers?I enjoy working with colleagues a lot, especially when developing a project, let's say, working on a new product.It's exciting, often tiring, you're working long hours sometimes,but everyone's working together, to make a success of things.So would you say you're a good team player?Definitely. But, let me say this, I like to be on my own from time to time. Especially if there's some problem to be worked out.I guess some people would day I keep to myself too much, but it's not true really. OK, let me follow that up. Um, I'd like to know what your colleagues would say about you.How would they describe you?Huh, that's a difficult one. Mmm...I think they'd say I know my own mind, I'm a decisive person.Sometimes, you have to do things that you don't like, for example, fire an employee. Well, if I have to do it, I do it, and then forget about it.What else would your colleagues say?They'd say that I'm a friendly person, when I get to know people, some of them think I'm too friendly.Really?Well, you know, a few of the women in the company, they get a little jealous, because I take out my administrative assistant, Sue, from time to time, give her a nice lunch, you know,say thanks for all her hard work.Nothing wrong in that, is there?5.6You're obviously eager to get this job. Could you tell me what your strengths are? What do you think you're good at?Main strengths? Good at managing people, I'd say. I suppose it's my army training.I know how to set goals for people. Objectives. And I make sure they meet them. Hmm, don't you think some people might get upset,you know, lose their motivation if they don't achiever the goals you set?Not at all. You don't get anywhere in this life if you're too easy on people. You've got to make an effort to get anywhere. Like your health club customers.★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：If they want to get fit. They've got to have discipline.Do all the exercises, eat properly, give up alcohol and smoking.Change their lifestyle — that's what it's all about.Mmm, interesting! A final question. Maybe a difficult one.Could you tell me how you've changed in the last... oh... five years, let's say. Sure. I think I'm more realistic now than I used to be.I know it'll be difficult for me to get a good job — being in the army most of my life.So, I'm trying to learn new skills, update my knowledge. Like in marketing and finance.So I'll have more to offer an employer.I'm not going to sit around waiting for the big job to come to me — it's not my style.5.7Right. Can you tell me why you want to leave your present job. TV announcer. Well paid.Everyone knows you. Admires you. You've got everything you want, don't you? Huh, I guess it does look like that. I do love the job. But I'm thirty now.I know the management is looking for younger talent. It wants sparky, glamorous twenty-year-olds in the job.To increase the ratings. I'm on the way out, I know that. So... I'm going before I'm pushed.Oh surely not. Someone with your reputation.People come and go in my profession. Think of all the stars of ten years ago. Where are they now?Mmm, I take you point. Um, looking at your CV, your earlier career,you gave up competitive swimming when you were... er... twenty-four.Rather early to do that, wasn't it? I mean, don't swimmers go on competing...? Look, I'm sure you red the papers.You must know, when I won the big races, some of the swimmers accused me of taking drugs.You know, to improve my performance. It was horrible.All a bunch of lies. I got really upset, I thought, oh, I don't need this nonsense.I just gave it all up. I'd had enough.UNIT 6Trade6.1If we by more than 500 cases of the Reserve, what discount can you offer us?★外语资源世界(QQ:18469114/85652770) ★我爱英语屋：提供各类外语MP3+LRC同步字幕+PDF/WORD文本→淘宝店： 英语资源坊：提供最新最全学校教材课本书本同步配套MP3→淘宝店：。
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Examples: World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations (UN)
1-9
Drivers of Globalization
Question: What factors drive the move toward greater globalization?
1Байду номын сангаас12
Declining Trade and Investment Barriers
Lower trade barriers enable companies to view the
world as a single market and establish production activities in optimal locations around the globe This has led to an acceleration in the volume of world trade and investment since the early 1980s
Chapter 1
GLOBALIZATION
Chapter Objectives
1. Understand the term of globalization 2. Understand the main drivers of globalization 3. Understand the changing nature of the global
1-6
The Globalization of Markets
The globalization of markets refers to the
merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace.
economy 4. Understand the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization 5. Understand the opportunities and challenges for business managers created by globalization
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What Is Globalization?
Question: What is globalization?
Globalization refers to the trend towards a more
integrated and interdependent world economy. Two key facets of globalization are: the globalization of ____________ the globalization of ____________
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The Role of Technological Change
The lowering of trade barriers made globalization
of markets and production a theoretical possibility, technological change made it a tangible reality Since World War II, there have been major advances in communication, information processing, and transportation
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Introduction
In the world economy today, we see a shift away from self-contained national economies with high barriers to crossborder trade and investment a move toward a more integrated global economic system with lower barriers to trade and investment about $3 trillion in foreign exchange transactions taking place everyday the establishment of international institutions
Two macro factors underlying the trend toward greater globalization 1. declining trade and investment barriers 2. technological change
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Declining Trade and Investment Barriers
International trade occurs when a firm exports
goods or services to consumers in another country Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country During the 1920s and 1930s, many nations erected barriers to international trade and FDI to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Examples: USA, Britain
Examples: GE, Boeing, Dell
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The Emergence of Global Institutions
Several global institutions have emerged to help manage, regulate, and police the global market place promote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system
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Declining Trade and Investment Barriers
After WWII, advanced Western countries began
removing trade and investment barriers Under GATT (the forerunner of the WTO), over 100 nations negotiated further decreases in tariffs and made significant progress on a number of non-tariff issues Under the WTO, a mechanism now exists for dispute resolution and the enforcement of trade laws, and there is a push to cut tariffs on industrial goods, services, and agricultural products
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The Globalization of Production
The globalization of production refers to the
sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the COST and QUALITY of factors of production (labor energy, land, and capital) The goal for companies is to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their product and gain competitive advantage
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The Role of Technological Change
The development of the microprocessor has lowered the
cost of global communication and therefore the cost of coordinating and controlling a global organization Web-based transactions have grown from virtually zero in 1994 to $250 billion in 2007 in the U.S. alone, and Internet usage is up from fewer than 1 million users in 1990 to 1.3 billion users in 2007 Development of commercial jet aircraft and super freighters and the introduction of containerization have greatly simplified transshipment from one mode of transport to another