最新Confucius孔子全英文PPT教学讲义ppt课件
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最新孔子英文介绍PPt说课材料
言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
Confucius’s sayings：
yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái，búyì yuè hū.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
Confucius’s sayings：
sìhǎi zhīnèi jiē xiōngdì. 四海之内皆兄弟也； All Men Are Brothers.
Confucius’s sayings：
xìng xiāng jìn，xí xiāng yuǎn yě.
性相近也，习相远也。
By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！ 谢谢!
Confucius’s sayings言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
Confucius’s sayings：
rén wú yuǎnlǜ，bìyǒu jìnyōu. 人无远虑，必有近忧。
孔子英文介绍PPt
One of the most famous people in ancient China ——
• This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life,
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
Confucius’s sayings：
yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái，búyì yuè hū.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
Confucius’s sayings：
sìhǎi zhīnèi jiē xiōngdì. 四海之内皆兄弟也； All Men Are Brothers.
Confucius’s sayings：
xìng xiāng jìn，xí xiāng yuǎn yě.
性相近也，习相远也。
By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！ 谢谢!
Confucius’s sayings言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
Confucius’s sayings：
rén wú yuǎnlǜ，bìyǒu jìnyōu. 人无远虑，必有近忧。
孔子英文介绍PPt
One of the most famous people in ancient China ——
• This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life,
孔子与儒家(英文介绍) ppt课件
• Collective > Individual • Humans are good, but
we stray – Education and self-
discipline
PPT课件
6
PPT课件
7
Confucianism as a religion
• Religion = community of people who share beliefs, cultural practices, worship a deity/deities
• “something done with great attention to detail”
– Confucian philosophy of self discipline
PPT课件
8
Confucianism as a religion
• Confucius was not a god or a prophet
PPT课件
4
Confucianism as a system of ethics
• Moral conduct is the basis of social harmony • Emphasis on self discipline and education • Obligation to family
simply because it ought to be done, not for personal gain or profit.
Basically… A person does all action for the sake of Yi because they
Basically…
A person does all actions for the sake of Jen because the respect for humanity implies the right
we stray – Education and self-
discipline
PPT课件
6
PPT课件
7
Confucianism as a religion
• Religion = community of people who share beliefs, cultural practices, worship a deity/deities
• “something done with great attention to detail”
– Confucian philosophy of self discipline
PPT课件
8
Confucianism as a religion
• Confucius was not a god or a prophet
PPT课件
4
Confucianism as a system of ethics
• Moral conduct is the basis of social harmony • Emphasis on self discipline and education • Obligation to family
simply because it ought to be done, not for personal gain or profit.
Basically… A person does all action for the sake of Yi because they
Basically…
A person does all actions for the sake of Jen because the respect for humanity implies the right
孔子英文介绍ppt课件
• Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior.
言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
6
Confucius’s sayings：
yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái，búyì yuè hū.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
2
Confucius(孔子 kǒngzi)
Thinker 思想家 Educator 教育家 Statesman 政治家 Philosopher 哲学家 Founder of the Confucian school and
Confucianism 儒家学派创始人 Symbol of Chinese culture中国文化的象征
3
Confucian temple, is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place.
The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple
言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
6
Confucius’s sayings：
yǒupéng zì yuǎnfāng lái，búyì yuè hū.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
2
Confucius(孔子 kǒngzi)
Thinker 思想家 Educator 教育家 Statesman 政治家 Philosopher 哲学家 Founder of the Confucian school and
Confucianism 儒家学派创始人 Symbol of Chinese culture中国文化的象征
3
Confucian temple, is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place.
The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple
孔子与儒家(英文介绍)(课堂PPT)
Confucius, Confucianism and Christ, Christianity
Confucius: Latinized spelling
Chinese name: • Kong Fuzi 孔夫子 • (Master Kong) • 551-479 BC titles: The First Holy One, First Teacher, Teacher of the Ten
• Collective > Individual • Humans are good, but
we stray – Education and self-
discipline
4/4/2020
4/4/2020
Jamie Buehler
Confucianism as a religion
• Religion = community of people who share beliefs, cultural practices, worship a deity/deities
• “something done with great attention to detail”
– Confucian philosophy of self discipline
4/4/2020
Confucianism as a religion
• Confucius was not a god or a prophet
• He did not create these ideas, but merely restored them
“As to being a Divine Sage or even a Good Man, far be it from me to make any such claim.”
Confucius: Latinized spelling
Chinese name: • Kong Fuzi 孔夫子 • (Master Kong) • 551-479 BC titles: The First Holy One, First Teacher, Teacher of the Ten
• Collective > Individual • Humans are good, but
we stray – Education and self-
discipline
4/4/2020
4/4/2020
Jamie Buehler
Confucianism as a religion
• Religion = community of people who share beliefs, cultural practices, worship a deity/deities
• “something done with great attention to detail”
– Confucian philosophy of self discipline
4/4/2020
Confucianism as a religion
• Confucius was not a god or a prophet
• He did not create these ideas, but merely restored them
“As to being a Divine Sage or even a Good Man, far be it from me to make any such claim.”
儒家思想英文介绍 ppt课件
(372-289BC)
Xunzi is another Confucian philosopher who lived during the Warring States period. He believed man's inborn tendencies need to be curbed through education and ritual.
3.Proper social behavior consists of not treating others as you would not like to be treated yourself.
儒家思想英文介绍
Core ideology of Confucian
ren (仁): benevolence to others — the root yi (义): righteousness by justice — the
1. Representative of Confucianism
2.Introdunction of Confuciansim
3. Influence of Confucianism
儒家思想英文介绍
1. Representative of Confucianism
Confucius Mencius(孟子)
2.Introdunction of Confuciansim
A school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
A set of moral and social values designed to bring ways of man and government in harmony with each other and with the universe.
孔子英文介绍(课堂PPT)
• 诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。 • An apt quotation from Book of Poetry can
stimulate the imagination, endow one with breeding, enable one to live in a community, and give expression to grievances.
lengths it becomes completely ordered.
17
Li (礼)
• 不学礼，无以立。 • If you don’t learn li you will have no structure. • 道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻； 道之以德，
齐之以礼，有耻且格。 • If you govern the people legalistically and control
wearied. • 三人行, 必有我师焉：择其善者而从之, 其不善者而改之。 • When three men are walking together, there is one who
can be my teacher. I pick out people’s good and follow it. When I see their bad points, I correct them in myself.
people • Course content:
morality, proper speech, government, the refined arts
• Pedagogical[pedə'gɔdʒikəl] methods:
He poses questions, or uses apt analogies, and waits for his students to arrive at the right answers. • Education goal: to create superior men
stimulate the imagination, endow one with breeding, enable one to live in a community, and give expression to grievances.
lengths it becomes completely ordered.
17
Li (礼)
• 不学礼，无以立。 • If you don’t learn li you will have no structure. • 道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻； 道之以德，
齐之以礼，有耻且格。 • If you govern the people legalistically and control
wearied. • 三人行, 必有我师焉：择其善者而从之, 其不善者而改之。 • When three men are walking together, there is one who
can be my teacher. I pick out people’s good and follow it. When I see their bad points, I correct them in myself.
people • Course content:
morality, proper speech, government, the refined arts
• Pedagogical[pedə'gɔdʒikəl] methods:
He poses questions, or uses apt analogies, and waits for his students to arrive at the right answers. • Education goal: to create superior men
孔子与儒家(英文介绍) ppt课件
“China was no longer one country but a dozen, each potentially the enemy of any other”
PPT课件
3
Is Confucianism a philosophy, a code of ethics, or a religion?
simply because it ought to be done, not for personal gain or profit.
Basically… A person does all action for the sake of Yi because they
are the right thing to do.
PPT课件
16
Filial Piety 孝
• Reverence and extreme respect for parents. • A huge part of Chinese culture that has been adopted into three
main religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. • Varies from taking care of the parents to burying them
PPT课件
18
The Four Books 四书
• Analects of Confucius • Doctrine of the Mean • Great Learning • Mencius
PPT课件
19
Eros vs Agape 爱（愛 ）
• Eros
– Sexual, romantic love
孔子及其思想(中英文)PPt.
Confucius said: "ls it not delightful to learn and constantly review? Is it not very happy to have like-minded friends come from afar ? Others do not understand(know) me, but I will not grudge (angry), am I not a gentleman?"
Legend says that Confucius has three thousand disciples, of which 72 are sages. After Confucius died, his disciples and the disciples' disciples recorded the saying and thought of Confucius and his disciples, sorting into the Confucian classic named 《the Analects of Confucius》. 相传他有弟子三千，其中七十二贤人。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔 子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。 The Confucian thought has far-reaching influence on China and the world, Confucius is listed as the world's top ten cultural celebrities. 其儒家思想对中国和世界都有深远的影响，孔子被列为“世界十大文化名人” 之首。
As one of the greatest thinker, educator, philosopher and the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism in the history of China, Confucius’ legacy lies in the following three aspects: 作为中国历史上伟大的思想家、教育家、哲 学家和儒家及儒学的创始人，孔子为后人留下 了宝贵的遗产，主要体现在三个方面： Firstly, he compiled and preserved the literary works, The Six Classics, including Shi, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chun Qiu, which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism. The accomplishment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture. 首先，他整理了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、 《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六部文献，被后代 奉为儒家经典，合称“六经”，为传统文化的 继承和发展做出了巨ius built up a system of philosophical thoughts with Ren as its basic virtue. This virtue is the central theme of his Analects. He considered Ren as the first and highest criterion of man’s behavior and the core of morality. 第二，建立了一套以“仁”为核心的思想体系，这集中体现在 《论语》一书中。 他认为“仁”是人的最高道德境界，是道德的核心内容，包 括孝、弟（悌）、恕、礼、恭、信、知、勇等内容。 Ren meant to “love other men”.For the person who have Ren, if treat others with generous,others will reward you Ren; if tforbear others, others will forbear you. “仁”就是“爱人”。“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人” （此句意指：仁爱之人，自己决定对人建立仁爱之心，别人才会对你仁爱，自 己决定对人宽容，别人才会对你宽容。
Legend says that Confucius has three thousand disciples, of which 72 are sages. After Confucius died, his disciples and the disciples' disciples recorded the saying and thought of Confucius and his disciples, sorting into the Confucian classic named 《the Analects of Confucius》. 相传他有弟子三千，其中七十二贤人。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔 子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。 The Confucian thought has far-reaching influence on China and the world, Confucius is listed as the world's top ten cultural celebrities. 其儒家思想对中国和世界都有深远的影响，孔子被列为“世界十大文化名人” 之首。
As one of the greatest thinker, educator, philosopher and the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism in the history of China, Confucius’ legacy lies in the following three aspects: 作为中国历史上伟大的思想家、教育家、哲 学家和儒家及儒学的创始人，孔子为后人留下 了宝贵的遗产，主要体现在三个方面： Firstly, he compiled and preserved the literary works, The Six Classics, including Shi, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chun Qiu, which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism. The accomplishment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture. 首先，他整理了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、 《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六部文献，被后代 奉为儒家经典，合称“六经”，为传统文化的 继承和发展做出了巨ius built up a system of philosophical thoughts with Ren as its basic virtue. This virtue is the central theme of his Analects. He considered Ren as the first and highest criterion of man’s behavior and the core of morality. 第二，建立了一套以“仁”为核心的思想体系，这集中体现在 《论语》一书中。 他认为“仁”是人的最高道德境界，是道德的核心内容，包 括孝、弟（悌）、恕、礼、恭、信、知、勇等内容。 Ren meant to “love other men”.For the person who have Ren, if treat others with generous,others will reward you Ren; if tforbear others, others will forbear you. “仁”就是“爱人”。“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人” （此句意指：仁爱之人，自己决定对人建立仁爱之心，别人才会对你仁爱，自 己决定对人宽容，别人才会对你宽容。
孔子简介ppt英文版
• Quick and eager to learn, don't be ashamed to ask
• If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools
famous book
This is a book about the Discussion between Confucius and his student. It's a very important work of Confucianism and it’s also the basis for the Confucius study, there's a lot of right
but understand etiquette, so he could be my teacher."
Achievement
• He ran private schools widely and paid attention to "teaching students according to their aptitude" . He required students to "review the past and learn the new" and develop an honest attitude towards learning
• He was a great thinker, educationist and the founder of Confucianism in ancient China
Temple of Confucius
JiangSu Confucian Temple
• If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools
famous book
This is a book about the Discussion between Confucius and his student. It's a very important work of Confucianism and it’s also the basis for the Confucius study, there's a lot of right
but understand etiquette, so he could be my teacher."
Achievement
• He ran private schools widely and paid attention to "teaching students according to their aptitude" . He required students to "review the past and learn the new" and develop an honest attitude towards learning
• He was a great thinker, educationist and the founder of Confucianism in ancient China
Temple of Confucius
JiangSu Confucian Temple
孔子英文介绍PPtPPT课件
人无远虑，必有近忧。 6. Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.
道不同，不相为谋。
第8页/共14页
The influence
第9页/共14页
Confucius is not only famous for its ethical and moral thoughts in the world, and his political thought also has unique feature. In the past, some scholars have suggested that the Confucius political thought is conservative, but the author thought that the master is not conservative, it calls for, praised the rites "ke-ji-fu-li" zai ", looking forward to meet each other with the duke of zhou dream, etc., is a special method of he push the society forward.
第12页/共14页
The end
第13页/共14页
感谢您的观看！
第14页/共14页
Chinese Name: 孔子
English Name: Confucius
Alias: Confucius, Confucius
Place of origin: China, Shandong, Qufu City, Southeast
道不同，不相为谋。
第8页/共14页
The influence
第9页/共14页
Confucius is not only famous for its ethical and moral thoughts in the world, and his political thought also has unique feature. In the past, some scholars have suggested that the Confucius political thought is conservative, but the author thought that the master is not conservative, it calls for, praised the rites "ke-ji-fu-li" zai ", looking forward to meet each other with the duke of zhou dream, etc., is a special method of he push the society forward.
第12页/共14页
The end
第13页/共14页
感谢您的观看！
第14页/共14页
Chinese Name: 孔子
English Name: Confucius
Alias: Confucius, Confucius
Place of origin: China, Shandong, Qufu City, Southeast
最新孔子与孔子思想-英文文档教学讲义ppt课件
Sungkyunkwan성균관
2 Developed in Korea
Korea 류성국-Famous for his Confucianism study
Jeong Mong-ju 정몽주
He emphasized the natural character
inside people, focused on moral
1 The brief introduction of Confucius' life
2 The main theory about Confucianism
3 Confucianism impact on Korean
cultrue and society
4 Confucianism in Korean modern life
Left his country LU, went and sought refuge with QI, went back to LU.
Left his country LU again, started to travel through all the kingdoms with his students
Confucianism
Csic Moderation Benevolence
礼乐 制度
中庸 思想
仁
Confucianism&Korea
Korea
1 Spread into Korea At the end of the first century B.C.
Korea
1 Loyalty 忠
In traditional Confucianism morals, Loyalty means people have to be loyal to their emperor. But now in Korea the whole country replaces the old emperors.
孔子及其思想英文介绍PPt
effective and systematic ↓ Eclipse in the 3rd century B.C. ↓ Revive in Han dynasty Dong Zhongshu ↓ Overshadowed by rival ,(Taoism Buddhism) became an orthodox state teaching after Han ↓ Became an complete metaphysics in Song dynasty
“Five Classics” The Book Of Poetry 诗 The Book of Documents 书 The Records of Rites 礼 The Book of Changes 易 The Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋
The basis of education up to the early 20th
begin to construct in 478 B.C
The analects of Confucious
Elementary textbooks
for Confucianism study Author “Four Books” Mencius The Great Learning The Doctrine of the Mean
Confucius
Born in 551 B.C.
Died in 479 B.C Qiu Zhongni
Zi
孔子[1]：子姓，以孔为氏，名丘，字仲尼。。 “子”：古代对成年男子的尊称，在春秋战
国时期，拥有一定社会地位的成年男子都可 以称为“子”，而且都希望别人称自己为 “子”，因为“子”还是一种爵位，所谓 “公侯伯子男”也。但是，真正能获得别人 以“子”相称的，一般是两种人：要么在社 会上公信力较高的，如“老师”；要么就是 较有道德的贵族；孔子、老子属于前者。
孔子英文介绍PPt1课件
孔子思想在世界的传播与影响
东亚文化圈
孔子的思想在东亚地区传播广泛，如韩国、日本、越南等国家都 受到了孔子思想的影响，形成了独特的东亚文化圈。
启蒙运动
在欧洲启蒙运动中，孔子的思想被介绍到欧洲，对欧洲的哲学家和 思想家产生了一定的影响。
全球化时代
在全球化时代，越来越多的人开始关注和研究孔子的思想，孔子的 思想成为了世界文化交流的重要内容。
的典范。
04
孔子的影响与传承
孔子思想在中国文化中的影响
深远影响
孔子思想是中国文化的重要组 成部分，对中国历史、哲学、 教育、政治等方面产生了深远
的影响。
儒家文化
孔子的思想体系成为了儒家文化的 基石，被后人不断发扬光大，成为 中国传统文化的主流。
价值观塑造
孔子的思想塑造了中国传统的价值 观，如仁爱、忠诚、礼义廉耻等， 这些价值观至今仍然对中国社会产 生着影响。
02
孔子的核心思想
仁爱思想
仁爱为本
孔子认为仁爱是人类最本质的美德，是人与人之间最基本的 关系。他主张以仁爱之心待人，关爱他人，尊重生命，促进 人与人之间的和谐。
己所不欲，勿施于人
这是孔子仁爱思想的重要体现，意指在待人处世时，不要对 别人做自己不愿意被做的事情，要站在别人的角度思考问题 ，以此来促进人与人之间的互相理解和尊重。
学术成就：他创立了儒家学派，成为中国古代最重要的哲学家之一。
孔子的生平
政治生涯
孔子曾在鲁国担任官职，致力于推行礼治，但因政治斗争而遭贬谪。
周游列国
孔子晚年周游列国，传播儒家思想，吸引了众多门徒。
孔子的教育理念
这一部分可以详细介绍孔子的教育理念和实践。例如 标题：Confucius' Educational Philosophy
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3. 礼 rituals(仪 式),ceremony,manners,courteous(礼貌)
4. 智 wisdom,resourcefulness(足智多 谋),intellgence,well –educated
5. 信 royalty,faithful, reliable ,responsible,accountable(有责任 的 ),creditable(诚信)
Confucius孔子全英文PPT
Confucius (Chinese:孔子； pinyin:Kong zi)
• (551-479BC)
• Background • Educator • Thinker • Statesman • A symbol of Chinese culture
Background
临床实践证明:
血管扩张药在适宜剂量下，动脉血压不变或轻度降低、心 率变化不大。但剂量过大，可引起严重低血压，故应用时 应从小剂量开始，并密切监护心率和血压。长期应用不能 立即停药，否则易引起反跳。
缺点： 血管扩张药长期应用，因反射性神经-体液变化而减弱其降压 作用 ①激活交感神经N → HR↑、耗O2 ↑ →诱发加重心绞痛 ②肾素活性↑ → 钠水潴留。一般不宜单用，常与利尿药和β 受体阻断药等合用，以提高疗效，减少不良反应。
• Confucius founded the Confucianism,which deeply influenced not only in the daily lives,but also the ideology(思想体系) of later generations in China.
• It is far-reaching that we are still living under the shadow of its sorroundings.As you know,it is called –the Harmonious Society nowadays.
一类是直接松弛血管平滑肌的药物，即直接血管扩张药， 如肼苯哒嗪，硝普钠和硝酸酯类;
另一类是通过不同作用机理，最终导致血管扩张的药物， 包括α-肾上腺素受体阻断药、钙拮抗剂和血管紧张素转化酶 抑制剂。
周围血管扩张药在临床上主要用于：
周围循环障碍性疾病如肢端动脉痉挛症、偏头痛、梅尼埃 尔氏病、闭塞性脉管炎、降血压，也用以抗心力衰竭。
• Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two s.
Politics
• As a statesman,Confucius didn’t play an important role in his homeland .Once had he been the acting prime ministre,however,during his whole-life political career,he had to go to other countries back and forth.
3. The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.（三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志 也。）
philosophy
The basic Confucius doctrines（经 济学说） are embodied(V.表现) in
the following characters:
1. 仁 benevolence(仁慈 ),to be humanity,mercy,and kindness
2. 义 justness,righteousness(正义 ),obligation(义 务),friendly
A symbol of Chinese culture
• Map for confucius Institutes Worldwide
周围血管扩张药(peripheral vasodilators)：直接扩张小血 管平 滑肌和钾通道开放或通过作用于肾上腺素能受体而舒张周围 血管的药物
临床应用的血管扩张药种类很多，归纳起来可分为Ⅱ大类：
Education
• He established first private school in China and accepted the students from everywhere.
• Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature, Riding,Archery,and Mathematics(礼， 乐，射，御，书，数)
• He have 3000 students .Among them,72 beome famous scholars.
Confucius Quotes
1. Keep what you say and carry out what you do .(言必信，行必果。)
2. Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed. （己所不欲，勿施于人。）
4. 智 wisdom,resourcefulness(足智多 谋),intellgence,well –educated
5. 信 royalty,faithful, reliable ,responsible,accountable(有责任 的 ),creditable(诚信)
Confucius孔子全英文PPT
Confucius (Chinese:孔子； pinyin:Kong zi)
• (551-479BC)
• Background • Educator • Thinker • Statesman • A symbol of Chinese culture
Background
临床实践证明:
血管扩张药在适宜剂量下，动脉血压不变或轻度降低、心 率变化不大。但剂量过大，可引起严重低血压，故应用时 应从小剂量开始，并密切监护心率和血压。长期应用不能 立即停药，否则易引起反跳。
缺点： 血管扩张药长期应用，因反射性神经-体液变化而减弱其降压 作用 ①激活交感神经N → HR↑、耗O2 ↑ →诱发加重心绞痛 ②肾素活性↑ → 钠水潴留。一般不宜单用，常与利尿药和β 受体阻断药等合用，以提高疗效，减少不良反应。
• Confucius founded the Confucianism,which deeply influenced not only in the daily lives,but also the ideology(思想体系) of later generations in China.
• It is far-reaching that we are still living under the shadow of its sorroundings.As you know,it is called –the Harmonious Society nowadays.
一类是直接松弛血管平滑肌的药物，即直接血管扩张药， 如肼苯哒嗪，硝普钠和硝酸酯类;
另一类是通过不同作用机理，最终导致血管扩张的药物， 包括α-肾上腺素受体阻断药、钙拮抗剂和血管紧张素转化酶 抑制剂。
周围血管扩张药在临床上主要用于：
周围循环障碍性疾病如肢端动脉痉挛症、偏头痛、梅尼埃 尔氏病、闭塞性脉管炎、降血压，也用以抗心力衰竭。
• Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two s.
Politics
• As a statesman,Confucius didn’t play an important role in his homeland .Once had he been the acting prime ministre,however,during his whole-life political career,he had to go to other countries back and forth.
3. The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.（三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志 也。）
philosophy
The basic Confucius doctrines（经 济学说） are embodied(V.表现) in
the following characters:
1. 仁 benevolence(仁慈 ),to be humanity,mercy,and kindness
2. 义 justness,righteousness(正义 ),obligation(义 务),friendly
A symbol of Chinese culture
• Map for confucius Institutes Worldwide
周围血管扩张药(peripheral vasodilators)：直接扩张小血 管平 滑肌和钾通道开放或通过作用于肾上腺素能受体而舒张周围 血管的药物
临床应用的血管扩张药种类很多，归纳起来可分为Ⅱ大类：
Education
• He established first private school in China and accepted the students from everywhere.
• Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature, Riding,Archery,and Mathematics(礼， 乐，射，御，书，数)
• He have 3000 students .Among them,72 beome famous scholars.
Confucius Quotes
1. Keep what you say and carry out what you do .(言必信，行必果。)
2. Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed. （己所不欲，勿施于人。）