大学英语英国文学1English Literature

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英国文学用英语怎么说

英国文学用英语怎么说英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。

那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。

英国文学的英语说法1：English literature英国文学的英语说法2：British literature英国文学相关英语表达：英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature英国文学的英语例句：1. He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授.2. The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一.3. That was the high summer of English literature.那是英国文学的黄金时代.4. Are you majoring in English Literature?你是在专修英国文学吗 ?5. His speciality is English literature.他的专业是英国文学.6. Dickens'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学.7. He has a formidable knowledge of English literature.他有丰富的英国文学知识.8. His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。

英国文学资料English-literature-of-the-renaissance

• Geographical Discoveries (commercial expansion and broadening the mental horizons)
• In the commercial expansion, Spain was the rival with England over the sea. At last a war broke out in 1588. it ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet “Armada”.
Arcadia
• Pastoral, as an adjective, refers to the lifestyle of shepherds and pastoralists, moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability of water and food.
• Thomas Wyatt and Surrey were court poets. They are both top-notch aristocrats and their poetry was more representative of the thoughts and feelings of the nobility.
• Then Spenser studied at Cambridge, where she read the classics and italian poets and wrote poems. He received his M.A.degree in 1576.
• In 1579 he wrote The Shepherd’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.

大学英语英国文学选读

Preface (The Development of British Literature)1. Early and Medieval Literature (5th century-1485)2. The Period of English Renaissance (the end of 15th century-the beginning of 17th century)3. 17th Century Literature4. The Period of Enlightenment (the end of 17th century-the middle of 18th century)5. English Romanticism (1798-1832)6. The Age of Realism (1830s-1918)7. The Age of Modernism (1918-1945)8. Contemporary British Literature (1945- )Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)Lived in the 14th centuryThe greatest writer in this century and the 14th century is usually known as “The Age of Chaucer”Was acclaimed as “father of English poetry”◆Literary Career1. From 1360 to 1372 (French period)Translations: The Romance of the Rose2. From 1373 to 1386 (Italian period)Major works: 1380 The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》1384 The House of Fame《声誉之堂》1385 Troilus and Criseyde《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》1386 The Book of the Duchess《公爵夫人之书》The Legend of Good Women3. From 1387 to 1400 (English period)Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales1700lines—about half of Chaucer’s entire literary productionThe whole poem is a collection of tales and stories strung together according to a simple plan, which shows the influence of Boccaccio’s Decameron.◆The PrologueThe Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. We see the whole cavalcade, as it rides out on a fine spring morning.The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections. (preference)◆CommentsChaucer makes English the language of literature. The language he used, known as Middle English now, is vivid and smooth.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry i s that he greatly enriched the rhyme schemes by introducing from France the rhymed stanzas of various types.◆TermsIambic Pentameter:五音步抑扬格It refers to a poetic line consisting of metrical foot in poetry consisting of one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable.Heroic Couplet:英雄双韵体It refers to a pair of rhymed iambic pentameter lines. A stanza composed of two heroic couplets is called a heroic quatrain.Alliteration:头韵It refers to the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes, the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds.Unit 2 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)William Shakespeare is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all English literature. Comedy Tragedy Historical Play38/39 plays; 154 sonnets; 2 narrative poemsTwo tragedies:Romeo and Juliet；The Life and Death of Julius Caesar 《凯撒大帝》Great tragedies: Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkThe two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were respectively published in 1593 and 1594.His Sonnets were published in 1609. They are divided into two groups. One is about the conflicted lover for a young man of superior beauty and the other about the uncontrollable love for a mysterious “dark lady” of irresistible beauty.◆HamletHamlet is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.Hamlet i s the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. Major Characters:Hamlet, the Ghost, Claudius, Gertrude, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Polonius, Ophelia, Laertes◆Some of the Problems Troubling Hamlet1. His father was murdered by his uncle who has become the king of Denmark.2. His mother was married to his uncle right after his father’s death.3. The Ghost of his father urged him to seek revenge for his murder, but Hamlet was not quite sure that the ghost was h is father’s spirit, for he feared it might have been a devil sent to torment him.4. His former friends Rosencrantz & Guildenstern were dispatched by the king to spy on him (A betrayal of friendship! As a humanist he attached great importance to friendship).5. His girl friend Ophelia was sent as a tool to find out whether or not he was really mad (A betrayal of love!).◆What do you learn about Hamlet’s mental conflict and character through this soliloquy独白? Further AnalysisIn this soliloquy, Hamlet is detached, reflective, analytic and moral. His thoughts were philosophical rather than practical; his concerns were on the nature of things rather than any specific plans for actions; his feelings were of a deep sorrow over the injustice and vanity, “a sea of troubles” which brought pains into human life. His melancholy and procrastination are also revealed. Here he is pondering on the question of life and death.He is thinking of committing suicide. But he hesitates for he doubts whether death can give him rest and peace. Besides, he is not sure whether the world of death would be better than this one. He gives the reasons why he wants to commit suicide.Apart from his personal revenge (He hasn’t mentioned it in this soliloquy), he cannot bear the social injustices and grievances. He is conscious of his own weakness of thinking too much which makes him dilatory, allowing many opportunities to slip away.◆SonnetA fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.It includes three Quatrains and a concluding Couplet, with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.Each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final comment.Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)◆Literary CareerBacon’s works ma y be divided into three classes: the philosophical, the literary, and the professional works.1. Philosophical works:1605 The Advancement of Learning (in English)1620 Novum Organum (in Latin)2. Literary works:1597-1625 Essays(Of Truth, Of Death, Of Revenge, Of Friendship)3. Professional works:1630 Maxims of the Law1642 Reading on the Statue of Uses◆Of Studies“Of Studies” is the one of the shortest, but probably the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.1. It analyzes the major functions of studies and the different ways of pursuing studies by different people.2. It probes into the effects studies have upon human character.3. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, the essay best reveals Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.The essay starts with the general use and benefits of studies, namely, delight, ornament and ability.Then it goes on to relate studies to experience and reveals the mutual-promoting relation between them.Bacon also points out that studies need to be treated properly and conducted in right ways.By doing it right, he reckons, our characters shall be improved in different aspects.The whole essay seems to be a manifesto of the Renaissance and a declaration of the beginning of the coming Age of Reason.◆CommentsBacon was a representative of the Renaissance in England.He was a prominent philosopher and scientist as well as an essayist.He contributed to the foundation of modern science with his scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for knowledge.Although he wrote much in Latin, he was capable of varied and beautiful styles in English and there is a peculiar magnificence and picturesque-ness in much of his writing.Many of his sentences in Essays have assumed almost the character of proverbs.His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has become a landmark in the development of English prose.Unit 7 Jane Austen (1775-1817)◆Main works:《理智与情感》（Sense and Sensibility，1811)《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice，1813)《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（Mansfield Park，1814)《爱玛》（Emma，1816)《诺桑觉寺》（Northanger Abby，1818)《劝导》（Persuasion，1818)◆Pride and PrejudiceThe whole story portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and focuses on the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and the haughty Darcy. Their relationship begins with the initial misunderstandings and ends with their mutual enlightenment. Finally they learn that their first impressions, based on pride and prejudice, were incorrect.◆Major Characters:Mr. Bennet＋Mrs. Bennet五个女儿：Jane（Mr. Bingley）; Elizabeth（Mr. Darcy）; Mary; Kitty; Lydia（Mr. Wickham）Lady Catherine（Mr. Darcy的姨妈）Charlotte（Elizabeth最好的朋友，和Mr. Collins结婚）◆人物分析Mr. BennettHe is a queer, sarcastic man.Being the father of 5 daughters, he is destined the responsibility for the future of them. But when a prospective catch comes, he keeps reserved and calm; he even teases his wife inconsiderately when she urges him to visit the new comer.This and his other oddities can only be accounted for that Mr. Bennett is regretful for his own marriage and thus becomes hesitant about his daughters. But he is now at a loss to help it, since there is such a gossipy and garrulous（唠叨，爱管闲事的）wife in the house. That is why he rarely talks to his wife as an equal and prefers to have the privacy of his library, his country and his self-entertaining irony.After all, he is a lively character.Mrs. BennettShe fails by all relevant criteria.empty-headed, snobbish, inconsiderate, ill-mannered, vulgar, foolish…She has no feminine charm.As a parent, she is partly responsible for the superficial characters of her 3 younger daughters. Lydia is clearly in her mother’s mold.She thinks of marriage mainly as a means of social and economic advancement.JaneThe eldest of the Bennett girls has two distinguishing characteristics: she is very beautiful, and she is very unperceptive, or, she is so pure of heart and mind that she will go to any length not to believe evil of any one.On the most superficial level, the plot is the story of the romance of Jane and Bingley; but actually their story provides only the occasion for the real interest of the novel.Jane and Bingley exhibit neither pride nor prejudice. The themes of social status arise only indirectly in their case. Choice for them is never problematic. Their function rather is to show how people can suffer from the pride and prejudice.◆CharacterizationWhich of these methods does Jane Austen employ? Cite examples to illustrate your choices.1. Physical description of a character by the author;2. A description of another character;3. The use of dialogue or conversation;4. An explanation of a character’s inner thoughts;5. The behavior or actions of a character;6. The reactions of a character to another character or to a situation◆Theme: Love and MarriageIn this novel, Austen provides 4 different marriages. They are utilitarian marriage, sex-oriented marriage, moral marriage and perfect marriage.It is analyzed that one’s character reflects his/her marriage and attitudes towards love and social mores are reflected in their marriage’s formation.The conditions for love and marriage: material wealth and social position; beauty and passion; true love with consideration of the partner’s personal virtue as well as his economic and social status.It is wrong to marry just for money, or beauty; it is also wrong to marry without it.Elizabeth thinks she is happier than Jane.◆Writing StyleIn style, Austen is a classicism advocate, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, and gracefulness in novel writing. She writes within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting and plot are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Irony（反讽）A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”In this statement, Austen cleverly illustrates 3 points: she declares that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage; she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject to elaborate and to speak intelligently of; she has prepared the reader for a chase in the novel of either a husband in search of a wife, or a woman in pursuit of a husband.The first line also defines Jane’s book as a piece of literature that connects itself to the 18th century period, in which, the emphasis on man in social environment was important, and the use of satire and wit was a common form of the 18th century literature.Unit 8 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)◆Ode (颂)1. It refers to a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.2. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.◆Ode to the West Wind1. Talking about the poem, Shelley says that it was his emotional response to a strong hailstorm in which he happened to be swallowed one autumn evening in 1819 on the Arno near Florence.2. Shelley sees, in the storm of the natural world, an apt metaphor for the storm of revolution in the human world. The poet had been feeling depressed at the triumph of the reactionary Holy Alliance over Napoleon and the French Revolution and was emphatic in his forecast that the storm of revolution would make a powerful comeback yet.◆The Form1. This ode contains five 14-lined stanzas of iambic pentameter, each containing four tercets and a closing couplet.2. The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima, the three-line rhyme scheme first used by Dante in his well-known The Divine Comedy.3.In the three-line terza rima stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, and the middle line does not; then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines in the next stanza. The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three-line stanza.4. Thus, each of the five stanzas follows the rhyme scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.5. Function: This linked chain gives a feeling of onward motion and the verse has a breathless quality which is in keeping with the onward motion of the wind’s movement.Ⅰ哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，（唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。

英国文学简史Part 1 Early and Medieval English Literature

Part on: Early and medieval english literature早期和中古时期的英国文学I.Beowulf <贝奥武夫>Features of Beowulf<贝奥武夫>的特点(1)Certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.,每一行的重读单词以相同的辅音开始。

(2)Other features of Beowulf are the use of metaphors and of understatements.《贝奥武夫》的另一些特点是隐喻和低调陈述的大量运用。

II The Romance(1)The Content of the Romance传奇文学的内容The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes n verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight.封建时期的英国最流行的文学形式是传奇文学。

传奇文学的作品篇幅较长，有时是诗歌的形式，有时是散文的形式，描写贵族英雄的生活和冒险故事。

传奇文学的中心人物是贵族出身的善于使用武器的骑士。

(2)The Romance Cycles传奇文学的类型a.Matters of Britain(adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table)“取材于英国的作品”（亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士）b.Matters of France(Emperor Charlemagne and his peers)“取材于法国作品”（查理曼大帝和他的贵族）c.Matters of Rome(Alexander the Great and so forth)“取材于罗马的作品”（亚历山大大帝）d.The romance of King Arthur is comparatively the most important for the history of English literature.比较起来亚瑟王的传奇故事是英国文学史中最重要的。

01.英国文学史

val English Literature
(English Literature of the Anglo-Saxon Period)
1
1. The Social and Historical Background of This Period 2. The Roman Conquest
Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,
To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.”
12
★ Structure (plot) of Beowulf
The poem opens with a brief account of the first adventure to lend help to Hrothgar. He engages in a terrific battle with Grendel, the monster and wins the fight in the hall at night; The second adventure of Beowulf ’ long struggle with Grendel’s mother and finally succeeds in killing her with a magic sword of the ancient giants hanging in the cave; The third and last adventure of Beowulf’s fighting against a dragon in his own country. As an aged king then, he resolves to fight with the dragon himself and kills the monster with his knife. But he is himself is mortally wounded and died. His people praised his virtues as a great and good king: “of men was the mildest and most beloved, to his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.”

English Literature 英国文学考试试题及答案

Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEngland.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer明朝3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.中世纪A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.亚瑟王的顶峰A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB.BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. TheNormans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator ofthe Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. Wycliffe威克利夫D. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed,through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudal封建的；领地的；世仇的C. bourgeois 资本家D. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revolt反抗C. obedience顺从D. mockery嘲弄10. The most famous cycle of English ballads民歌centers on the stories about alegendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂（英国名人墓地13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the FrenchRoman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A.The Romaunt of the Rose 传奇故事B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact onthe wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem na med _____ based on Boccaccio’spoem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAABⅡ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?文体。

British literature 1英国文学

V. Romanticism
* William Wordsworth: ―Lyrical Ballads‖
* Samuel Coleridge: ―The Ancient Mariner‖
* George Gordon Byron: ―Don Juan‖
* Percy Bysshe Shelley: ―Prometheus Unbound‖ * John Keats: ―Ode to a Nightingale‖
* Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels * Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe * Henry Fielding: Tom Jones * William Blake: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell * Sentimentalism: Oliver Goldsmith: ―The Deserted Village‖ Thomas Gray: ―Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard‖
* other forms: natural science philosophy history law graphic novels/comic books films, videos and broadcast have carved out a niche which often parallels the functionality of prose fiction. iii. Expectation of you 1. To get acknowledged with the history and framework of British literature. 2. To view literature from a literary perspective and accomplish one mid-term essay. 3. To fulfill the assignment after class.

英国文学[1]

Part One Early and Medieval English Literature
二.Beowulf 3.Features of Beowulf d. Synecdoche(提喻)：She has just seen 80 winters. Every life has its roses and thorns. e. Understatement(低调陈述):He is no bad singer. f. hyperbole(夸张):Every lovers sees a thousand graces in the beloved object.
Part One Early and Medieval English Literature
四.William Langland 1.Piers the Plowman and its author 2.A Picture of Feudal England 3.Aritisne Early and Medieval English Literature
四.William Langland 3.Aritistic features: ⑴. Piers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems. It is written in the form of a dream vision, and the author tells his story under the guise of having dreamed it. ⑵.The poem is also an allegory which uses symbolism to relate truth. ⑶.But, in the main, Piers the Plowman is a realistic picture of medieval England.

张伯香英国文学课堂讲义（EnglishLiterature）

English LiteratureChapter OneEnglish Literature in the Middle Age (5th -15th )Main points:I. Background information of the Anglo-Saxon period.II. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon period.III. Background information of the Anglo-Norman period.IV. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Norman period.V. Important literary works and men of letters of the Anglo-Norman period.VI. Geoffrey ChaucerI . Background information of the Anglo-Saxon periodThe period can be roughly divided into two stages: the Anglo-Saxon period and the Anglo-Norman period.1.The making of the nation.1.1 The inhabitants of the nationThe native Celts凯尔特人(they inhabit in what is now Ireland, Wales and Scotland )------- the Roman Conquest ( this conquest was led by Julius Caesar in 55B.C., which lasted 4 centuries, but it made little influence on the nation‘s literature )------- the Anglo-Saxon Conquest in about 449 by three Teutonic tribes 条顿部落--- the Anglos, the Saxons, the Jutes.The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century, which influenced the literature in two aspects: one is the great number of Christian poetry which forms an important part of English literature of this period; the other is Christian color in pagan works, for the monks recorded the oral literature with their Christian ideas. (The ideas usually do not go with the content of the whole being.)1.2 The languageIn the 7th, the three tribes mixed into a whole people called English and the language spoken by them is generally called Anglo-Saxon, that is the Old English.II. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon period.The main literary form of the period is poetry and there are two groups: pagan poetry and religious poetry, and often Christian one.The most important works left is Beowulf《贝奥武甫》or《贝尔武夫》The introduction to BeowulfIt is the earliest complete epic in English literature and it is regarded as the national epic of the English people.----- Definition of epic or national epic 史诗: it is a poetic account of the deeds of one or moregreat heroes, or of a nation‘s past history.----- 3182 lines, two parts with an interpolation between the two.----- The theme of the poem: Beowulf is one of the nation‘s heroes of the English people. With the descriptions of his heroic deeds, the song reflects events taking place on the Scandinavian peninsula at the beginning of the 7th century.----- The significance of the poem: The story represents 1) the fight of the ancient people against beasts and natural forces ( e.g. flood, volcano ); 2) it reflects the features of tribal society of ancient time; 3)Beowulf‘s deeds presents the ideal virtues of ancient Anglo-Saxons.( courage,prowess, devotion to his people )----- Characteristics of the poem: an alliterative verse头韵体诗歌; pagan in spirit and matter, yetwith visible Christian marks.III. Background information of the Anglo-Norman period.3.1 The Norman ConquestThe beginning of the Anglo-Norman period is marked by the Norman Conquest in 1066. The influences of the conquest on the English society are: 1) the nation turned from the tribal society to the feudal society; 2) the conquest brought for the nation French civilization and the French language.3.2 The languageAt first, French was the language of the upper class or the oppressor and Old English was the language of the oppressed. Then Old English was combined with French to form a new language ---- Middle EnglishIV. Literary characteristics of the Anglo-Norman periodThe main literary forms of the period are poetry and prose.( romance in the form of prose ) Literary characteristics------ 中古英诗呈现法国诗风与英格兰本土传统交融的情景。

英国文学史简介课件

• In the field of literature, enlightenmenters believed that the artistic should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy . seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. • Neoclassicism. A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.
Achievements

Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by Anglo-Saxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in spirit. Major achievement: Beowulf
What is Literature?
Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.

Literature and English literature(文学和英国文学介绍)

Christopher Marlowe: Tamburlaine 帖木
儿大帝
Ben Johnson: Volphone 狐狸
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
Works:
154 sonnets, 37 plays, 2 long poems
Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
C. Novel:
Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility,
Pride and Prejudice, Emma.
Walter Scott: Ivanhoe
Features of the Victorian Literature:
Realism
A. Novel:
Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist, David
– Fiction小说
Myths, parables, romances, novels, short stories
– Poetry
Open form and closed form
Relies on imagery, figurative language, sound
– Drama戏剧
Made up of dialogue and set direction
conveying writer’s feelings, attitudes
and tone between the lines; it is
ambiguous(多歧义的）, the
interpretation varies with context and
reader.

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, theyear of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD.mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as thenational ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. WilliamShakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

新编英国文学及选读复习资料1

英语专业课程：新编英国文学选读复习大纲Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur‟s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。

最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人。

到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。

这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。

2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

English literature I简介和古英语时期英国文学

❖ (6) Enjoying oneself.
❖ (7) Enabling one to get more education or to appear well educated. etc.
Important historical periods in English literature
❖ The Old English Period ❖ The Middle Ages ❖ The Renaissance ❖ The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17th Century) ❖ The Age of Enlightenment (18th century ) ❖ The Romantic Period (the early 19th century) ❖ The Victorian Age (the later 19th Century) ❖ 20th Century (Modernism and Post-modernism.)
What Is Literature
❖ Literature is a permanent expression in words of some thoughts or feelings or ideas about life & the world.
Literary genres
❖ Narrative, lyric, dramatic ❖ Poetry, prose, drama, fiction
❖ Genres are often divided into sub-genres. Ancient Greece divided Literature into classic three forms: poetry, drama, and prose.

文学与艺术英语

文学与艺术英语一、单词1. Literature- 英语释义：Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.- 用法：作为不可数名词，可用于表达文学的总体概念，如“English literature”（英国文学）；也可与定冠词“the”连用，表示特定的文学作品或文学研究，如“She is studying the literature of the 19thce ntury.”（她正在研究19世纪的文学作品）。

- 双语例句：Modern literature reflects theplex society we live in.（现代文学反映了我们所生活的复杂社会。

）2. Art- 英语释义：The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.- 用法：作为不可数名词，表示艺术的总体概念，如“Art is a universal language.”（艺术是一种通用的语言）；也可作可数名词，表示某种艺术形式或艺术品，如“This museum has a large collection of arts.”（这个博物馆收藏了大量的艺术品）。

- 双语例句：She has a great talent for art.（她在艺术方面有很高的天赋。

）3. Poetry- 英语释义：Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature.- 用法：作为不可数名词，表示诗歌这一文学体裁，如“He loves reading poetry.”（他喜欢读诗）；也可作可数名词，表示具体的一首首诗，如“This poetry is full of deep emotions.”（这首诗充满了深沉的情感）。

大学英语专业英国文学史考试简答题.doc

PartV The 17th centuryThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne1What are the characteristics and representatives of the English literature of the revolution period，the metaphysical period and restoration period?A.The revolution period，Puritans believed in simplicity of life and disapproved ofthe sonnets and the love poetry，and they influence in general tended to suppressed literary art.Representatives： John Milton，John BunyanB.The metaphysical （玄学i尼）period, the style became spiritual gloom. Representatives： Donne and Herbert； John MiltonC.The restoration period，the literary was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical.Representatives： John Dryden2In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《告别：莫忧伤》’’，why does the speaker forbid mourning when his going to pass away and leave his lover? Why and what are the two conceits （比喻）that he uses to describe their perfect love?A.Although they may leave each other, yet they love is firm and forever, and soul lovers cannot be separated by distance and death. Besides, death is natural just like earthquake.B.First conceit （like gold to airy thinness beat） , their souls are like gold，it can expand and their love still exit.Second conceit（as stiff tein com, they are like compasses are two），one moving and anther stay and wait for the companion.3In “Death be not proud”（死神莫骄妄），what will happen to us when we die? why does the speaker say that “death should not be proud”？ When will death die? A.It will be rest and sleep flow with much pleasure when we die，and our souls will be released.B.Because it is a slave of fate，chance，kings and desperate man and death is together with poison,war,sickness and opium or charms. And these things can make us sleep like the death, and the effect is better than death. Death for peo ple is a soul’s delivery, and after death people will feel free and pleased. Although people die, yet they wake eternally，and their souls are exiting forever.C.When people’s short sleep past，people wake eternally，and death no longer exist and death will die.John Milton1In what way is John Milton a staunch（坚定的）revolution fighter and a great poet?A.W hen he was in Italy, he heard the trouble sprung up in England，and he gave up his plan for travelling and went back to England. After he return to England, he opposed themonarchic party and gave all his energy to the writing of pamphlets、册子dedicated to the people’s liberties.B.After finishing the university course, he thought he was born to be a poet.So for five years he lived at home in his father’s country house at Horton about 20 miles from London,writing poetry and studying hard,in order better to fit himself for his work.He worked for 7years upon Paradise Lost.And he also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.The three works made him a great poet.2What is the theme of Paradise Lost ?What is the basic idea of Paradise Lost? Theme:? ? ? ? ?The basic idea:the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.3 In Paradise Lost, why was Satan punished by God driven out of heaven and at last into hell? What did he want to do for revenge? And what was his reason? What is the allegorical meaning of the poem?A.Because Satan led the mutinous(反叛的)angels to rise against God himself but in thebattle with the hosts of angels that remained true to God, they were finally defeated.B.Satan wanted to ruin God’s precious creation (man).C.So he wanted to tear Adam and Eve away from the influence of God and to makethem instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority.D.God represents authority and tyranny on earth,he has strong rights to controlanything •Satan represents the power of revolting against authority and desire for freedom.3 In the Sonnet On His Blindness, what is the double meaning of “talent”？ What is “mine” question? And what is the answer given by patience? What is the theme of the Sonnet?A.The “talent” means :ability and a kind of currency unitB.Question is that God does not give us light，and why I will bear it?('Doth God exactday-labor,light denied?’)C.Patience answers that God does not need gift, and go and climb without rest or standand wait is also a service.fGod doth not need either man’s work or his own gifts;who best bear his mild yoke,they serve him best)D.Theme:If you have talents,you should make full use of it. and your pain will bediminished and you will be peaceful and calm.You can use your talent to live a meaningful life.John Banyan1What is “allegory”？ In what way is Banyan The Pilgrim’s Progress is allegory? What are the literal meaning and symbolic meaning of the work?A.Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which the characters, actions or settingsrepresent abstract ideas general truth or moral qualities, and a story that has two meanings, literal and symbolic.B.The literal meaning: Christian’s pilgrimage from the city of Destruction to the HolyCityThe symbolic meaning:religious people,people should follow Christian’sexample.And it reflects the society and culture.2In the part Vanity Fair，what is the Vanity Fair? What are sold and brought at the VF? What do Christian and his companion Faithful want to buy? How are they treated as a fair? What is the meaning of this excerpt?A.Vanity fair is a name of a town and there is a fiar kept.B.Everything in vanity is can be sold and brought,such asjouses，ladns，trades，placesC.Christian and his companion want to buy “truth”D.They was mocked and taunted,and were taken and beaten by the people in thevanity.And the people in fair besmeares（I占｛亏）them with dirt,and put them with dirt,and put them into the cage.E.“ Vanity ’’ means empt iness or worthlessness，and hence the fair is an allegory ofthe worldliness（俗气）and the corruption of the religious life through the attractions of the world. And Banyan described the world that lost truth and were full ofselfishness and corruption.PartVI The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandDaniel Defoe1What does Enlightenments Movement mean? What do you know about the English literature of the Enlightenment?The Enlightenments Movement on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisies against feudalism.Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. And the literary leaders emphasized formality or correctness of style. The reign of classicism is Addison，Steele, and Pope, and their verse became the ambition of aspiring young authors. Beside，the modern novels became popular: realist，psychological，satirical and sentimental novels. And the revival of romanticism or pre-romanticism.2What story does the novel Robinson Crusoe tell? What is the theme and style? Why do we say that Robinson Crusoe is the representative of the raising bourgeois?The story is about Robinson was lost in an island，and he was alone and finally survive. The theme: a man’s struggle against natu re for survival by self-reliance and man’s determination to improve his livelihood by labor.The style: simple，direct, fact-based story and characterization and smooth, easy and colloquial language.Robinson is fighting with difficulties and does not give in, and he struggles against nature for survival. Just like the enterprising Englishman fighting the survivals of feudalism and develop the bourgeois relations.Jonathan Swift1 What kind of writer is JS?What are his major works?A.JS is a supreme master of devastating satire.（ He was a posthumous （遗腹子）child， and people looked upon him as a servant，he had a bitter，unhappy early life. After he entered the strife （争斗）of party politics，he soon became a veritable（名畐ij Jt及:的）dictator，and he was courted and flattered, and he was arrogant.But when the Tories went out of power his position was uncertain, and the last years he was anguish and grief ）B.Major works:The tale of a Tub，The battle of the Books，Gulliver’s Travels2How many past does Gulliver travelers consist of? What satirize in the novel? Include four parts，the voyage，the Brobdingnag，the flying island and the Houyhnhnms. The story is an immortal classic of satire，a penetrating anatomy of human nature 揭露人'性丑恶，and a satirical description of the vices of his age.2What are the structure，the significance and the style of it?见笔记3What are Gulliver’s experiences in Lilliput and Brobdingnag described in the selecting readings?A.In Lilliput, Gulliver is shipwrecked，and the Lilliputians bind the sleeping Gulliverhand and foot. Gulliver has to convince them，then he goes to the war but theofficials conspire against him and charge him with high treason. Finally，Gulliver escapes in a boat and goes back to England.B.In Brobdingnag, people are good-natured and they treat Gulliver kindly，they lookhim as a plaything. And the king often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs. At last，the travelling-box takes him to the seashore, and he was picked up by aEnglish trip.PartVII The Age of EnlightenmentJoseph Addison1What is the Addison’s contribution to the two papers The Tatler and The Spectator?Addison was a better writer than Steele and he made The Tatler a great success, and he also helped with the anther newspaper. Addison gave many ideas and thoughts to the two papers and made the paper become very and interesting and popular.2What are the poems contain form and style on the two papers?The form is little and familiar essays.The style is clean, wholesome, gentle humor, courtesy and good breeding.Henry Fielding1What ar e the major features of Henry Fielding’s novels?Criticism of social relations，hypocrisy and lack of spirituality，and vivid positive and negative characters, besides, direct, vigorous, hilarious, coarse and realistic style.2What good quality does Tom Jones display in chapter 20 of book4 and chapter 14 of book 12?Tom was brave and kind，when Sophia was in dangerous，Tom saved her and got hurt, but he cared about nothing but Sophia’s health，although he was hurt，he also thought about others not himself. And in another story，Tom was clever and friendly，he would like to help other people, even it may be put him in danger.Thomas Gray1 In the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓畔哀歌》，what are thecontents of the poem?what are the poet thoughts and feelings about the dead buried in the churchyard? How does he describe grooms in the poem?A.见笔记本’B.He shows his respect，praise and symapthy for the poor and the ordinary.but mocks the great ones who despise（鄙视）the poor and bring havoc （马蚤?1） on them.C.The author selects natural phenomena to reflect the mood and display the emotion of man借情抒景，寓情于景P250William Blake1In the poem The Tiger，what is the Blake feeling about the tiger? What is his feeling about the Maker of tiger? What does he want to say by asking the questi on’did he who made the lamb made thy’？ does he ask about God and about the order of nature and the social order in reality?A.To the poet, the tiger means power and strength，and it makes people scared andfrightened.B.He is praising the skill and courage of the maker of the tiger.So the Marker isgreat.SymbolicaIly，Blake is praising the French Revolutin and the violentrevolutionary forces.C.The poet is confused，the Marker have made tiger already，why then created thelamb. The tiger id ferocious .violent and powerful，but the lamb idpeacefuljnnocent and midi.But the maker create them both,which symbolizes the disordered society.There are the rich and the poor.And the poor is deprived by the rich.2In the poem The Chimney Sweeper，is the chimney sweeper happy?what is the little CS fate? Who are responsible for his sad fate?A.No, he is not happy,although the little chimney sweeper was positive and believed that everything will be fine.B.His fate is to die because of the harsh condition.C.Parents make their children be a tool to earn money，and do not protect them, but the God，the Priest and the King do not help those children.Robert Burns 彭斯1 In the poet My Heart’s in the Highlands, where is the speaker now? Where is his heart? Why does he have such a strong love for highlands?A.He is not in his homeland.B.His heart is in the highlandsjn his homeland.C.Because highlands mean the birthplace of valour （勇气），the country of worth, andeven the birthplace of him,he compliment his country and show his strong love and homesickness for his home.2In A Red，Red Rose, how does the speaker describe this love’s loveliness? How does he describe his deep love for her?A.He uses simile（明喻）and metaphor（喑喻）.He describes his love as red rose.B.In the second part of the poem the speaker uses seas，rocks, sun and sands tometaphor his deep love. He also uses overstatement（夸张手法）.。