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收稿日期:2011-07-27 修回日期:2011-09-21

几种常用的肺动脉高压动物模型简述

李彦川(综述),李欣欣※(审校)

(天津天士力研究院,天津300410)

中图分类号:R541 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-2084(2012)01-0121-03

摘要:肺动脉高压(PH)是一类以肺小动脉的血管痉挛、内膜增生及重构、微血栓病灶形成、肺血管阻力进行性增高为主要特征的一种疾病,能够导致右心衰竭、功能受限、最终死亡的疾病。PH动物模型的制作方法包括慢性低氧法、野百合碱注射法、分流手术等方法。现分别介绍各模型原理、制作方法、优缺点,为进行PH研究时选择合适的动物模型提供参考。

关键词:肺动脉高压;动物模型;模型特点

Brief Int roduct ion of Common Animal Models for Pulmonary Hypertension L I Yan-chuan,L I Xin-xin.(Tasly Ins titute of Tianjin,Tianjin300410,C hina)

Abst rac t:Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a disease with the main characteristics of pulmonar y a r-tery vasospasm,intmial hy per plasia and r emodeling lesions,micr othr ombosis formation and increased pulmonary vascular resistance,which leads to right-sided hear t failur e,functional limitations,and ulti-mately death.The methods for anim al models construction including:chronically hypoxic,monoerotatine injection,surgica l shunt and so on.Her e is to describe the pr inciple of each model,production methods,

a dvantages and disadvanta ges to pr ovide r eferences for selection of the appropriate animal model.

Key words:Pulmonar y hypertension;Anima l models;M odel char acteristics

肺动脉高压(pulmona ry hypertension,PH)是以肺

小动脉的血管痉挛、肺小动脉的血管增生和重构为

主要特征的一种疾病。肺小动脉的血管增生和重构

致使肺血管阻力进行性增加,患者往往最终死于右

心衰竭。美国国立卫生研究院规定PH诊断标准:右心导管测定静息状态下平均肺动脉压>25mm Hg(1mm Hg= 0.133kPa),或运动后平均肺动脉压>30mm Hg[1]。由于人运动后肺动脉压力数值差别很大,肺动脉压力的正常值界定非常困难,为了利于临床和实践的统一,在2008年第四次PH会议上取消了运动后肺动脉压的诊断标准,只以静息状态下右心导管测定的肺动脉平均压≥25m m Hg

作为诊断标准[2],其有助于临床PH诊治水平的不断提高。研究PH常用的实验动物有大鼠、犬、绵羊、牛、猪等[3-4]。目前常用模型制作方法有慢性低氧法、野百合碱(monocrotaline,MCT)注射、分流手术等,以及近年报道的新生内膜产生的重度PH造模方