主主谓一致精讲(超详细)北京四中文档,内部参考

主谓一致

主谓一致是高一下学期的一个语法专项。对于这一语法的掌握大部分靠理解后的记忆。关键要找准主语，再看其句式结构，按照规则办事。另外，对于作主语的名词还要分清是可数名词还是不可数名词。下面我们就这一语法内容进行讲解。

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。

一、语法上一致：

谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。

A、谓语用单数的情况

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。

例：The boy is clever enough to study maths well.

To work hard is necessary.

Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.

Whether she comes or not is of no matter.

2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。

例：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education.

No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game.

3、主语是单数，其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。

例：The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.

4、某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。

5、many a +单名，谓语用单数。

例：Many a student is coming.

6、the number of+复数名词，谓语用单数，中心词是number。

二、意义一致：

从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题，即主语形式为单数，意义为复数。谓语依意义而定用复数，反之，主语形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语用单数。

7、表时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看时，谓语动词用单数。

例：Fifty years is not a long time.

One hundred kilometers is a good distance.

Four hundred dollars is more than she can afford.

Five pounds is quite enough.

8、在说一个算式时，表数目的主语通常作单数看，谓语用单数。

例：20 plus 5 is 25.

9、以ics结尾的学科名称，如mathematics, physics, politics, news, works等都属形复意单名词，谓语用单数。

例：Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.

The glass works was rebuilt in 1959.

10、用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

例：“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story book.

The United States is a capitalist country.

B、谓语用复数的情况：

1．主语为复数，谓语用复数。

例：They are doing their homework now.

2．用and或both… and连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。

例：Plastics and rubber never rot.

He and I are classmates when we were at college.

Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.

What he says and what he does do not agree.

但是：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其谓语要用单数形式，这时and

后面的名词没有冠词。

例：In this hotel, the bread and butter (= the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast.

A cart and horse was seen in the distance.

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

3.一些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales, glasses等，它们作主语时，谓语要用复数。

例：The scales are mine.

My trousers are being washed.

但：如果成双的东西前有a pair of来修饰时，谓语要用单数。

例：This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.