(教师用书)高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 考点精讲 第一节 名词和冠词
高考英语一轮复习 语法突破 专题一 冠词课件1
(3)学科名词前和表示三餐的名词前。 We study physics and chemistry. 我们学习物理和化学。 (4)play 后所接的球类运动、棋类游戏前。 We often play football. 我们经常踢足球。 (5)季节/月份/周/日/含有 day 的节日名词前。 I was born in September. 我出生在九月份。
Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话？
3．零冠词(即不用冠词)的用法 (1)表示泛指的不可数名词。 I have milk and bread for my breakfast. 早餐我喝牛奶和吃面包。 (2)表示泛指的复数可数名词。 Computers play a great part in our life. 电脑在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
冠词的固定搭配 固定搭配中冠词的考查是一大难点，平常的积累非 常重要，因此多留意一些短语中冠词的使用非常重要。
1．与不定冠词连用的常考习语 have a gift for 有„„的天赋 get a lift/ride 搭便车 as a rule 通常，照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 once in a while 偶尔 a waste of„„的浪费 have a population of 有„„人口
have a history of 有„„的历史 have an area of 有„„的面积 have a knowledge of(＝know)知道 go on a，不知所措 all of a sudden 突然 a matter of „„的问题
2．与定冠词连用的常考习语 in the end 最后，终于 on the whole 总之 for the time being 暂时 on the radio/phone 通过无线电/电话 on the spot 在场，到场；立即，马上，当场 to tell (you) the truth 说实话，老实说 not in the least (＝not at all)一点也不
2025届高考英语一轮总复习名词和冠词教师用书教案北师大版
名词和冠词(一)名词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2024 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)．解析：此处的cause是可数名词，表示“缘由”。
依据其前的all可知，应当运用复数形式，故填causes。
2．(2024·浙江卷)Making Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.解析：此处dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指中国菜。
3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：依据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。
4．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析：依据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。
高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件语法专题+一、名词和冠词
choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 -age -cy
-dom -ence -ness
-th
-y -ty -ity
例词 short→shortage不足;短缺 efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 free→freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 strong→strength力气;强项 warm→warmth温暖;热情 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
特别提示 ①当这些名词前有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。如:a bright moon,a new
world。 ②有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词,如:space太空,
nature自然,man人类。 5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如:in the east,in the
northwest,play the piano。 6.用于序数词和形容词最高级前面。
高考英语一轮复习 第3编语法突破 第1讲冠词和名词(冠词)课件
一、不定冠词的基本用法 1．不定冠词有a和an两种形式，常位于名词或名词的修 饰语前。当紧跟(jǐn ɡēn)不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音 音素时，用a；而当紧跟(jǐn ɡēn)不定冠词的单词的第一个音 素为元音音素时，用an。注意：判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟 (jǐn ɡēn)不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素，而不是 该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。
词前。
用在“be＋of＋a(n)＋
4
n.”结构中，表示“相 同的”，相当于the
We are of an age.
same。
第六页，共15页。
5
用来表示不确定的某一个，相当 He is a living Lei Feng in our class.
于a certain，some。
A Mr Smith wants to see you.
“a most＋形容词＋名词”或“most
＋形容词”，most在此不表示最高级 This is a most interesting
12
含义，为“很，非常”的意思，相当 film. 于very；而“the＋most＋多音节形容 This is the most interesting
词(＋名词)”为多音节形容词的最高 film that I have ever seen.
7
用在姓氏复数名词前表示“一 家人”或“夫妇俩”
the Greens，the Wangs
用于序数词和形容词/副词比 the third one
8 较级、最高级以及形容词
That’s the very thing I’ve been
very，only，same前
looking for.
高考英语一轮复习教案： 语法梳理 名词和冠词(15页Word文档) Word版含解析[ 高考]
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名词和冠词【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点：1．名词词义辨析2．名词的数3．名词作定语4. 名词所有格5. 抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合【知识归纳】名词考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。
考点二名词的数1．可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。
许多名词通常是不可数的，但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。
(1)物质名词一般不可数，如：milk，gold，coffee，beer，但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an icecream(一份冰淇淋)，a light rain(一阵小雨)。
(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。
difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事experience 经验；an experience 一次经历failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。
(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义time 时间times 次数；时代；倍数glass玻璃glasses 眼镜wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子sands 沙滩paper 纸papers 试卷；论文；报纸wish 愿望wishes 问候如：She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。
高考英语一轮复习 考点专题一 名词、代词、冠词-人教版高三全册英语试题
名词、代词、冠词考点一名词题型一名词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.【答案】towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.【答案】preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.【答案】tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).【答案】countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.【答案】child’sⅡ.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.【答案】Saturday’s→Saturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.【答案】knowledges→knowledge题型二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.【答案】observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.【答案】invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).【答案】distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.【答案】strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.【答案】encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring〞 created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).【答案】awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.【答案】combination考点二代词Ⅰ.单句填空1.China’s research icebreaker X uelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.【答案】its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca〞.【答案】it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).【答案】them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.【答案】their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.【答案】himselfⅡ.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a product’s basic message.【答案】that→it7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded bycalligraphers.【答案】our→their8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough water.【答案】it’s→its9.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like neither of them very much.【答案】neither→either考点三冠词题型一冠词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning country’s 35th Antarctic expedition.【答案】the2.It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,it’s ongoing process.【答案】an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life.【答案】the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.I’m lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.【答案】person前加a6.What a impressive experience!【答案】a→an题型二冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance.【答案】the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.【答案】 a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together.【答案】 a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.【答案】best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me.【答案】第一个a→thestly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.【答案】删除the《真题训练》考点一名词第一组1.(某某,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility2.(江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) you’ve made.【答案】assumption3.(江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations4.(浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity5.(江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.【答案】happiness6.(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments/adjustment7.(江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).【答案】apology/apologies8.(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress9.(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.【答案】thought第二组1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.【答案】silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for thebaboons’(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.【答案】teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【答案】importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up.【答案】arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.【答案】sweetness6.(河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.【答案】competition7.(海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 【答案】death8.(河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots.【答案】platforms9.(浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.【答案】action10.(江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home. 【答案】competitions考点二代词第一组1.(某某,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.【答案】those2.(某某,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.【答案】It3.(浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.【答案】that4.(某某,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.【答案】that5.(浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it6.(重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 【答案】nobody7.(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.【答案】other8.(四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none第二组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校〞一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.【答案】ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.【答案】Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock.【答案】himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.【答案】it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness〞.【答案】those7.(山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.【答案】it8.(吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.【答案】their9.(湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well asimprove(they)performance.【答案】their10.(江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.【答案】itself考点三冠词第一组1.(浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 【答案】The; a2.(浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.【答案】the3.(重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 【答案】the;a4.(四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 【答案】 a第二组1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve one’s condition.【答案】an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in — number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since .【答案】the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.【答案】 a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.【答案】 a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.【答案】an6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.【答案】 a7.(吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.【答案】 a8.(湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Educati on(MOE),“First Class for New Semester〞 has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.【答案】 a9.(江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.【答案】 A10.(河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.〞【答案】 a。
2022届高考英语一轮总复习专题1名词和冠词课件新人教版
1．特指上文提及的或读者清楚的或受定语修饰的人或物。 Where is the teacher you talked about yesterday? 你昨天谈到的那位老师在哪儿？
2．用于单数可数名词前，表示整个类属。 The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎濒临灭绝。 Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876． 1876年亚历山大·贝尔发明了电话。 3．用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been sent into space in China. 在中国，杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
6．“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语(系动词)＋主句”， 意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……。”
Hero as he is，he has some shortcomings. 虽然他是英雄，但他也有一些缺点。
1．含不定冠词的固定搭配 have a knowledge/ understanding of了解，have a good view of饱览，in a hurry匆忙地，as a result因此，as a rule通常，as a whole总体上，as a matter of fact事实上，at a loss不知所措，in a word总之
(1)-’s所有格 the boy’s mother，the children’s toys，the teachers’ books，Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(共用)，Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms(各自的) (2)“of＋名词”所有格 the roof of the house，the cover of the book，the name of the girl，a picture of my father
新课标高考英语一轮复习教师用书配套资料 语法专题感悟题 第一讲 名词和冠词 北师大版
语法专题复习方略第一讲名词和冠词Ⅰ用适当的冠词填空' go to cinema－that' tae our mind off the 29米e to reaie that the houd go on baanced diet and mae room in their da for eercie解析：泛指平衡饮食，应该用不定冠词。
答案：acoudn't remember when he firt met ，but he wa ure itwa Sunda becaue everbod wa at church解析：句意：虽然George记不起他第一次见的时间，但他确信是个星期天，因为大家都去做礼拜。
该空表示泛指，用不定冠词。
答案：ai e a univerit miion委任，代理，佣金；reeaure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切；ae it difficut for ae hagination想象力；iion允许；ut ue our own解析：udgement判断；oedicine forfutime writing解析：ent治疗，待遇。
答案：Dod man got into the of toring mone under the bed解析：get into the habit of doing th意为“养成了做……的习惯”。
habit指个人的习惯；cutom则指社会的风俗习惯；tradition传统；ue用途。
答案：Btuc on the outide of the enveo the on hi face 解析：eent ha ot a great dea of becaue of the arge increae in foodent协定，协议；vote作为“选票”解时，是可数名词，所以不能与a great dea of 搭配。
高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第一讲名词和冠词随堂训练新人教版(2021年整理)
2019年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第一讲名词和冠词随堂训练新人教版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第一讲名词和冠词随堂训练新人教版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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名词和冠词错误!单句语法填空1．(2018·安徽六校联考）As a businessman， Mr. Green is a complete failure。
Being lazy may well be one of the ___________ (advantage）to his failure.答案：disadvantages2．(2018·哈师大附中月考）As far as I am concerned, my ___________ （suggest） is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese。
English dictionary within easy reach.答案：suggestion3．(2018·安徽宿州期末)Li Hua has ___________ good knowledge of English and this will be ___________ advantage over others in finding ___________ proper job.答案：a; an； a4．(2018·宁波十校联考)Due to the ___________ (apply） of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage。
课标高考英语一轮复习教师用书配资料 语法专题感悟题 第一讲 名词和冠词
开放市齐备阳光实验学校语法专题复习方略第一讲名词和冠词Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空1.Let's go to cinema－that'll take your mind off the problemfor while.解析：go to the cinema与for a while均为习惯搭配，分别指“去看电影〞，“一会儿〞。
答案：the；a2.The biggest whale is blue whale，which grows to be about29 meters long－the height of 9story building.解析：句意：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，可以长到大约29米长——其高度相当于一座9层楼的高度。
前一空格处是“the＋单数可数名词〞表类指；后一个空格处是泛指。
答案：the；a3.We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.解析：sky与world都表示泛指，a表示“一〞这个数量，相当于“one〞。
答案：a；a4.What pity that you couldn't be there to receiveprize！解析：该句是感慨句，What a pity that...为固句型，所以第一空用不冠词a；而第二空依据语境该是谈话双方都知道的事物，所以用冠词the。
答案：a；the5.In order to find better job，he decided to studysecond foreign language.解析：第一空用不冠词表泛指，表示“一份更好的工作〞；第二空用不冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一〞。
句意：为了找一份更好的工作，他决再学一门外语。
答案：a；a6.Many people have come to realize that they should go onbalanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.解析：泛指平衡饮食，该用不冠词。
2021版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法考点讲练第1节冠词与代词教师用书北师大版2021070625
2021版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法考点讲练第1节冠词与代词教师用书北师大版20210706250第一节冠词与代词冠词[对应学生用书P148][基础考法]考法1 考查冠词的差不多用法冠词的泛指和特指在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中都会有所涉及。
不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指；定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前，或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前，也可用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指。
在名词前使用不定冠词时需注意：a用于以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前；an 用于以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。
[典型例题1](2021·高考全国甲卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.解析：句意：你能够出去一会儿，通过锤炼或做些你喜爱做的情况来让你的躯体和大脑得到休息。
for a while意为“一会儿”。
故填a。
考法总结：冠词的考查常在具体的语境中，解题时要注意所修饰名词的具体含义，比如，本题空格后的while意为“(一段)时刻”，不是用作连词。
[典型例题2](2020·高考辽宁卷改错)Besides，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.解析：average为以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。
故将average前的a改为an。
考法总结：看到average，不难想到是以元音音素开头的单词，其前不能用a。
2．通常情形下，形容词比较级前不用冠词；形容词最高级前用定冠词；序数词前用定冠词。
但也有专门用法。
(链接考点四冠词的活用)另外，表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前用定冠词the也是考查的热点。
[典型例题3](2020·高考课标全国Ⅱ卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built by the PuebloIndians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.解析：句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建筑的土坯房甚至受到了(当今世界上)最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。
2019版高考总复习英语外研通用版教师用书：语法专项突破 1 第一讲 名词和冠词 含答案
第一讲名词和冠词名词名词的数名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。
普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有复数形式。
(1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式， 方法), series, species(2)词形变化：man →men, woman →women, child →children, tooth →teeth, foot →feet, mouse→mice, ox →oxen(3)合成名词的复数：passer-by →passers-by, looker on →lookers on, grown up →grown ups, stand by →stand bys(4)名词前有man 或woman 修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变为复数形式。
如：woman doctor →women doctors ，man waiter →men waiters 。
3．常以复数形式出现的名词thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪),instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷， 文件), times(时代)等。
4．常考的纯抽象名词progress, luggage/baggage, advice, weather, information, equipment, furniture 等都只能用作不可数名词。
抽象名词具体化experience[U]经验→an experience[C] 经历surprise[U]惊奇→a surprise[C]令人吃惊的人或事pleasure[U]愉快→a pleasure[C]一件乐事success[U]成功→a success[C]一个(件)成功的人或事comfort[U]安慰→a comfort[C]一个(件)令人安慰的人或事[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat thelittle panda.2．(2018·淄博模拟)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors ，so he had to get them opened byforce.3．Though we are now out of danger, the broken bridge is still great danger to cardrivers.great 前加a名词构词法英语中构成名词的常见后缀：ence ，ance ，tion ，sion ，ment ，ness ，age ，th ，ure ，dom 等。
高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破(考点精讲+语法专练)：一 名词和冠词(课件+教师用书+真题分类,
冠词【2013新课标全国卷I】31．India attained ________ independence in 1947，after ________ long struggle.A．不填；a B．the；aC．an；不填D．an；the【解析】本题考查冠词。
句意：印度经过了长期的斗争之后，在1947年赢得了独立。
attain independence是一个固定短语，意为“赢得独立”，这里不需要用冠词。
第二个空格填入不定冠词a 表示“一个/段……”，因此答案选A。
【答案】 A【2013重庆卷】32．The parents were shocked by________news that their son needed________operation on his knee.A．a; / B．the; /C．the; an D．a; an【解析】句意：父母被他们的儿子需要在膝盖处动手术的消息震惊了。
news之后that引导的句子作news的同位语，表示特指，故news之前用定冠词the。
由句意知，他们的儿子需要在膝盖处做一个手术，表示一个泛指的手术应用不定冠词，且不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，operation以元音音素//开头，故用an。
所以答案为C。
【答案】 C【2013山东卷】22．It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.A．不填；a B．a；theC．the；a D．the；不填【解析】句意：那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮照亮了整个夜空。
指“一个……的夜晚”且night 前有形容词修饰时，需用不定冠词a表示泛指；第二个空后指的是夜晚的天空，表示特指，需用定冠词the。
【答案】 B【2013陕西卷】19．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on________Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in________thirteenth century.A．the；a B．a；不填C．不填；the D．the；the【解析】题干的意思是：“据说在13世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。
高考英语一轮复习专题1名词与冠词PPT课件
冠 词 一、不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式，常位于名词或名词的修饰语 前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时，用
The police are questioning everyone in the house.警察正在盘
问房子里的每一个人。
3 ．专有名词一般没有复数形式，除非专有名词本身带有 复数词缀。但专有名词有时可普通化、具体化 Ford一辆福特车
赶着牛(cattle)。
2 ．一般而言，集合名词若表示一个整体，作单数用；若 表示集体的各个成员，作复数用。 audience 观 众 ， class 班 级 ， family 家 庭 ， group 小 组 ， committee委员会
【记忆口诀】船员(crew)、夫妻(couple)当观众(audience)，
二、可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例
特别提醒：1.有些可数名词虽是单数形式，但表示复数意 义。此类名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 【 记 忆 口 诀 】 警 察 (police) 和 人 们 (people) 穿 着 衣 裤 (clothes，trousers) ，戴着眼镜(glasses)，拿着剪刀(scissors) ，追
an ugly man一个丑陋的人
2．具体用法
二、定冠词的用法
三、零冠词的用法
三、不可数名词
特别提醒：1.有些单词和短语常使用复数形式 (1)表示由两个相连的类似部分组成的事物的名词只用复数 形式，如：jeans，headphones，pants，scissors，compasses。这 些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；也可以用 a pair
高考英语一轮复习语法部分第一讲冠词和名词(“名词”相关文档)共9张
Tina and Mary's room 蒂娜和玛丽共有的房间
诊所 Li's 李家 the doctor's play the violin/piano
The train arrived late on account
the barber's 理发店
特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清
the son of the man you just talked to
刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子
7
(4)双重所有格
表表示示泛 各指自，拥与有时an，“yo每同个f义＋名词后名都要词加“'s所”。 有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。
English Channel
in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the
play the violin/piano
Tina and Mary's room 蒂娜和玛丽共有的房间
用在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海 a play of Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部戏剧 岸的地名中 楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 用在表示姓氏的复数名词及整十 用在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海
I visit my father once a month.
数词的复数前 a play of Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部戏剧 B用ir在ds序o数f a用词fe和a在t最he高r表f级loc前示k tog国ethe家r. 的形容词前，泛指该 国的人民 表示“每一个”，与 every, each, per 同义
There I met a foreigner and the fo-reigner helped me a lot. Do you know the girl dancing there？
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【课堂新坐标】（教师用书）2015届高考英语一轮总复习语法专项突破考点精讲第一节名词和冠词(对应学生用书第225页)考点一名词的数与名词的格1．抽象名词具体化常见的抽象名词具体化的词有Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
His new book is quite a success. 他的新书获得了巨大成功。
2．有些物质名词可具体化为可数名词，常见的有—Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗？—I'd like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡两瓶啤酒。
3．名词作定语(1)名词作定语时，大多数情况用单数形式。
例如：a shoe store 一家鞋店(2)man，woman修饰名词时，随名词单复数的变化而变化。
a man teacher 一位男老师→ two men teachers两位男老师a boy student 一位男生→ two boy students两位男生(3)有些名词作定语时用复数形式，常见的有：a clothes shop 一家服装店；a goods car 一辆货车；a customers officer 一位海关官员。
4．名词的格(1)所有格的构成：不以－s结尾的单数名词后加－'s；以－s结尾的复数名词后加－'；以－s结尾的单数名词后加－'s或－'均可。
(2)表示各自所属关系时，各名词末尾均需加's，例如：Jane's and Mary's bikes 简的自行车和玛丽的自行车。
(3)表示共有的所属关系时，在最后一词后加's，例如：Jane and Mary's father 简和玛丽的父亲(是同一个人)考点二名词的词义辨析近些年对名词的考查以词义辨析为主，在辨析时要注意名词的固定搭配以及一词多义。
下面是常见的两组名词词义辨析：第一节名词和冠词(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)高三一轮总复习英语(Ⅰ)(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)Drunken driving is often the cause of accidents.酒后驾驶经常是事故的起因。
The reason for my absence was that I was ill.我没来的原因是由于病了。
Late again! What's your excuse this time?又迟到了！这次是什么借口？Smoking can do great harm to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。
The city of Pompeii is totally in a ruin.庞培城成了一片废墟。
The earthquake has caused great damage to the city.地震给这个城市造成了巨大伤害。
Will you dress this injury?请包扎这个伤口好吗？考点三冠词的用法1．不定冠词a/an的用法(1)表示数量“一个；同一；每一；某一”，意思相当于one，the same，every或a certain。
Rome is not built in a day. (谚)罗马非一日建成。
The children are of an age.这些孩子们年龄一样大。
We have meals three times a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。
A Mr. Li is waiting for you. 一位李先生在等你。
(2)放在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人和物。
A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
(3)用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一种”等。
What a heavy rain! 雨下得真大！(4)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前，或有形容词修饰的季节、日期或星期几前，表泛指。
I'm sure the outing will last long. Please bring a packed lunch.我敢肯定这次郊游时间比较长，请带上自备的午餐。
We had a hot summer last year.我们去年度过了一个酷暑。
(5)序数词前可加不定冠词，表示“另一个”或“又一个”。
Can you give me a second chance?你再给我一次机会好吗？(6)用在一些固定搭配中，如 all of a sudden，at a loss，make a living，tell a lie 等。
I was at a loss what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
2．定冠词的用法(1)用于彼此都知道所指的人或物时，表示特指。
Do you know the man standing there? 你认得那边站着的那个人吗？(2)和形容词连用，代表一类人或事物。
The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤者马上被送往了医院。
(3)用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
【点津】有些物体实际上也是独一无二的，但习惯上不用冠词，如space，nature，man(人类)。
(4)用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
还可用在对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
He is the older of the two.他是两人中年长的那一个。
(5)用在姓氏复数名词前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。
The Greens are on holiday now.现在格林一家(夫妇)正在度假。
(6)用在逢10的数词的复数形式之前，指世纪的某个年代，如in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代。
(7)用在以festival组成的中国传统节日之前，但以day组成的节日前不加定冠词；在表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前通常用定冠词，但中国传统乐器前不加定冠词。
试比较：in the Spring Festival 在春节；on Christmas Day 在圣诞节play the piano 弹钢琴；play erhu 演奏二胡(8)用在表示计量的名词前，如by the day，by the hour，by the dozen等，表示“按照……”；但如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词前面不加定冠词，如by weight，by height 等。
(9)用在一些固定搭配中，如in the end，on the whole，on the spot等。
The thief was caught on the spot. 小偷当场被抓。
3．零冠词的用法(1)季节、月份、星期、节日、学科名称、球类、棋类名词前不加冠词。
January 1st is New Year's Day. 一月一日是新年。
I like physics though it is a little difficult.我喜欢物理，尽管学起来有些难。
(2)表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、同位语或补足语时。
We made Jack monitor of our class.我们选杰克为班长。
(3)连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不用冠词，但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则必须用冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.鲁迅成为作家前是医生。
(4)表示交通工具的名词与by连用，不指具体某辆车，而是作为工具时。
He goes to school by bike every day.他每天骑自行车上学。
(5)as，though引导的倒装的让步状语从句中的名词移至句首时不用冠词。
Child as he is, he plays the violin very well.尽管他是个孩子，但小提琴拉得很好。
(6)用在一些固定搭配中，如at war，in place of，take place等。
I will give you this lesson in place of Mr. Wang. 我代替王老师给你们上这堂课。
4．一些短语中有无冠词的区别①at table在吃饭；at the table在桌子旁②at school上学；at the school在学校③in hospital/prison住院/坐牢；in the hospital/prison在医院/在监狱里④by day白天； by the day按日计算⑤take place发生；take the place of取代⑥in charge of掌管；in the charge of在……掌管之中⑦in front of在……的前面；in the front of在……的前面部分⑧out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能He is in charge of the factory. 他负责这个工厂。
The factory is in the charge of him.这个工厂由他负责。
(对应学生用书第228页)Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．All it takes is courage and ________(commit)．2．Doctors spent several hours doing an ________(operate) for her.3．But Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.4．They have designed a Y－shaped solar house combining six recycled shipping ________(contain)．5．There are many different kinds of ________(marry) ceremonies practiced around the world.6．She gave me a smile with ________(satisfy) and gratitude in her eyes.7．Seeking material ________(succeed)is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world.8．The ________(achieve)of Sally Ride，America's first woman astronaut to fly into space，made this flight especially memorable.9．The ________(compete)began and someone jumped the gun.So all the runners had to go back to the starting line.10．Try recording yourself whenever you pare your ________(pronounce)with the master version(版本)，see how you can do better and have another go.11．He knew much about ________(poor)，hunger and hopelessness and made a long，moving ________(speak)．All the students were impressed with his passionate ideas.12．David Tom Daley，a 13－year－old diver yesterday won his ticket to Beijing with a top ________(perform)in a qualifying event(选拔赛)．13．One summer something did go wrong with the power plant that supplied New York with ________(electric)．14．A quake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale(里氏震级)shook the area suddenly，resulting in over 10，000 ________(die)by far.15．Kenny is one of the typical ________(beg)．He sleeps rough in an underground passage，“Bessing for money is very embarrassing，”says Kenny，“but I've got to live too.”16．Goldman Sachs Group，the international investment banking company，has started a new program to provide ten thousand poor women with business ________(educate)，says Dina Powell，the managing ________(direct)of Goldman Sachs Group.17．Like most writers，Willa Cather wrote books not for the money that they brought her，but rather for the ________(please)that came in the writing.18．This February，he made a ________(decide)to leave Tsinghua University after failing five courses.He returned to the middle school again.19．She took me from a poor，unhappy college student and brought me into her world：a world of smiles love and ________(warm)．20．Last week，our school held a ________(sport)meeting on the playground.【答案】 mitment 2.operation 3.choice 4.containers 5.marriage petition10.pronunciation 11.poverty；speech 12.performance13．electricity 14.deaths 15.beggars cation；director 17.pleasure 18.decision19．warmth 20.sportsⅡ.用适当的冠词完成下列句子1．India attained ________ independence in 1947，after ________ long struggle.【答案】不填；a2．Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight，and ________ break for cheese，chocolate and tea with sugar.【答案】a；a3．It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.【答案】a；the4．The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.【答案】a；a5．The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.【答案】the；an6．People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.【答案】a；an7．Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.【答案】不填；a8．The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.【答案】不填；the9．In ________ face of more and more “dropout factories”，many people prefer to be paid on ________ daily basis.【答案】the；a10．It came as ________ shock that ________ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday，killing at least 5 people.【答案】a；aⅢ.用适当的冠词填空Villages in developing countries often lack many things.Books.Clean water.Electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But __1__ different kind of shortage is not easy to see.That is __2__ shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors，engineers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical problems or design __3__ new energy system.There is __4__ way to ease __5__ problem.You can do it with computers.In __6__ past few years，computer scientists around __7__ world have developed what they call “expert systems”．__8__ expert system is __9__ special kind of computer program.In some situations，it can take __10__ place of a human expert.【答案】1．a 此处表示泛指，指另一种不同的缺乏。