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U n i t1G R E A T S C I E N T I S T S JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail:liqiang15/11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get fromflying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, tr ansported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived.I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I findAt first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Insidewas an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more post age or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can weDuring the explanation I looked at t he pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t itI stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questionsZY: Can I get out on a story immediatelyHX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re int erested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a storyHX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mindHX: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so importantHX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notesHX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stickHX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happ y with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies tobe ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touchinga hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hotliquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版必修5课文完整版
Unit 1 –完整版John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories. As the disease spread quickly through the poor neighbourhoods, John Snow began to gather the information. He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. He determined to find out why. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived. Here it is: The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40 Broad Street.) John Snow also saw that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He discovered that these families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. It seemed the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.Soon the disease began to slow down. John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street out break. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day. Both she and her daughter, who often visited her, died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore. Finally “KingCholera” was defeated.Unit 1 –填空版1. John Snow was such a well-known doctor in London. so famous, indeed,_____________ he attended Queen Victoria _____________ (ease) the birth of her babies. But he became _____________ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people _____________ (expose) to cholera, _____________ was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, _____________ its cure was understood. So many thousands of _____________ (terrify) people died every time there was an _____________ (break out). John Snow wanted to use his knowledge _____________ (help) solve this problem. He knew it would never be controlled _____________ its cause was found.2. He got _____________ (interest) in two theories explaining _____________ cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second _____________ that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the _____________ (affect) person was _____________ (die).3. John Snow found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe _____________ more than 500 people had died in 10 days. He determined _____________ (find) out why. He marked on a map _____________ all the dead people had lived. Many of the _____________ (die) were near the water pump in Broad Street. John Snow also saw that some houses had no deaths. He discovered that _____________ families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street, _____________ were given free beer and so had not drunk the water _____________ the Broad Street pump. It seemed the water was _____________ (blame).4. John Snow looked _________ the source of the water for these two streets. He found that _________ came from the river, which _______________________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London. Immediately John Snow told the ______________ (astonish) people in Broad Street ________________ (remove) the handle from the water pump so it could not ______________ (use).5. The disease began to slow _________. John Snow had shown that cholera ________________ (spread) by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In addition, he found two _____________ deaths in another part of London that were linked _________ the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away _________ Broad Street, liked the water _________ much that she had had it _______________ (deliver) from the pump _________ her house every day. _________ she and her daughter, who often visited her, died of cholera after drinking the water. _________ this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that _______________ (pollute) water carried the disease.6. _______________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies ______________ (examine) and new methods of dealing with polluted water _______________ (find). The water companies were also instructed _________________ (expose) people to polluted water anymore. Finally “King Cholera”_________________ (defeat).Unit 2 –完整版There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the fourcountries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to England in the 13th century AD. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Great Britain was the name given when England and Wales were joined to Scotland. It happened in 1603 when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.Although the four countries do work together in some areas (for example, in international relations) they are still very different. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is call the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands, and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the South, but most of the large industrial cities in the Midlands and North of England. Although many of the cities are not as large as those in China, they have famous football teams and some even have two. However, these industrial cities built in the 19th century do not have the historical attractions of other places. For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and words for food. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile!Unit 2 –填空版1. There is no need ______________ (debate) any more about why different words are used ______________ (describe) the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.2. Wales was linked ________ England in the 13th century AD. Now when people refer to England you find Wales ________________ (include) as well.3. Great Britain was the name ______________ (give) when England and Wales were joined to Scotland. It happened in 1603 ____________ King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves ______________ (unite) peacefully instead of by war.4. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected ______________ (form) the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland ______________ (become) the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.5. Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have developed different __________________ (education) and legal systems as well as different football teams for _______________ (compete) like the World Cup!6. England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it ______________ (divide) roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands, and the one nearest to Scotland is known _______ the North.7.You find most of the population ______________ (settle) in the South, but most of the large ______________ (industry) cities in the Midlands and North of England. Although many of the cities are not as large as ______________ in China, they have famous football teams and some even have two. However, these industrial cities ______________ (built) in the 19th century do not have the historical ______________ (attract) of other places.8. The greatest historical treasure of all is London __________ its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building __________ (begin) by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle ______________ (construct) by later Norman rulers in 1066.9.London has been influenced only by some ______________ (invade) of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and words for food.10.If you look around the British countryside, you will find ______________ (evident) of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip ________ the United Kingdom worthwhile!Unit 3 –完整版Spacemail:liqiang299A@Great Adventure Space 15/11/3008(Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still can not believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind rconstantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “ time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get fromflying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from you previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well known for their expertise, his parents’company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wanping appeared. “put on this mask,”he advised. “It ‘ll make you feel much better”. He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. Thest carriage float above the groud and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too my carriage flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and sae the area again as it had been in the year AD 2021. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall. a brown floor and soft lighting, Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much- needed oxygen. Then Wang Pingflashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “ Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “ You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast sleep.More news later from your loving son,Li Qiang1. I can’t believe that I am taking up my prize won (win) last year.2. Worried (worry) about the journey, I was unsettled (settle) for the first few days.3. I suffered from “time lag”, which is s imilar to the “jet lag” when flying, but i nstead(adv.), it means you keep getting flashbacks from your p revious (adj.) time period.4. Wang Ping was so understanding (understand) that he gave me some green tablets,which helped me a lot.5. Well-k nown (adj.) for their expertise (expert), his parents’ company named “FutureTours” t ransported (v.) me safely into the future in a time capsule.6. The seats were comfortable (comfort) and a calming (calm) drink made me sleepy(sleep).7. The capsule shook as we lay relaxed (relax) by our dreams. Sounds came from underour feet as we rose slowly from the ground.8. Confused by the new surroundings (surround), I was hit by the lack of fresh air.9. The air seemed thin as though its combination (combine) of gases had little oxygen left(leave).10. I was b ack (adj.) on my feet again, and followed him to collect a hovering carriagedriven (drive) by computer. By bending (bend) and pressing (press) down on the driving (drive) stick, we could move swiftly.11. I got lost (lose) when we reached what looked like a large market because of thepeople flying by in all directions.12. I found later that the leaves p rovided (v.) the house with much-needed oxygen.13. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits organized (organize) by the company.14. Having spread (spread) some food on the table, she produced a bed from the floor.15. Exhausted (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep (sleep).16. There were so many carriages that I lost sight of (sight) Wang Ping and my link tohim was broken … Just then I caught sight of (sight) him and flew after him.Unit 3 –填空版1. I can’t believe that I am taking up my prize ____________ (win) last year.2. ___________ (worry) about the journey, I was ____________ (settle) for the first few days.3. I suffered ____________ “time lag”, which is s____________ to the “jet lag” when flying,but i____________ (adv.), it means you keep getting flashbacks from your p____________ (adj.) time period.4. Wang Ping was so ____________________ (understand) that he gave me some green tablets,____________ helped me a lot.5. Well-k____________ (adj.) for their __________________ (expert), his parents’ companynamed “Future Tours” t_________________ (v.) me safely into the future in a time capsule.6. The seats were ________________ (comfort) and a ______________ (calm) drink made me______________ (sleep).7. The capsule shook as we lay ______________ (relax) by our dreams. Sounds came from______________ our feet as we rose slowly from the ground.8. Confused by the new __________________ (surround), I was hit by the lack of fresh air.9. The air seemed thin as though its _________________ (combine) of gases had little oxygen______________ (leave).10. I was b__________ (adj.) on my feet again, and followed him to collect a hovering carriage_______________ (drive) by computer. By ______________ (bend) and ______________(press) down on the _____________ (drive) stick, we could move swiftly.11. I got ___________ (lose) when we reached ___________ looked like a large marketbecause of the people flying _______ in all directions.12. I found later that the leaves p______________ (v.) the house with much-needed oxygen.13. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits ________________ (organize) by the company.14. _________________ (spread) some food on the table, she produced a bed from the floor.15. _________________ (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast ______________ (sleep).16. There were so many carriages that I ____________________ (sight) Wang Ping and my link______ him was broken … Just then I __________________ (sight) him and flew after him.Unit 4 –完整版(I)1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment (assign) at the office of China Daily.His discussion (discuss) with his boss was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.2. Not until you’re more experienced (experience) can you go out on a story on your own.3. Only when you have seen what he or she does can you c over (vt.) a story by yourself.4. You will have a professional p hotographer (n.) with you to take photos. If you areinterested in photography (photo), it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on.5. Not only am I interested in photography, but I (also) took a c ourse (n.) at university.6. Only if you ask many different questions will you a cquire (vt.) all the information youneed to know. Good reporters must be able to tell when people are not telling the whole truth (true) and try to d iscover (vt.) it. They must use research or ask other people to find out the missing (miss) parts of the story.7. You have to listen to the detailed (detail) facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the nextquestion depending (depend) on what the person says.8. This is a t rick (n.) of the trade. If the person interviewed (interview) agrees, wesometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight. We have thee vidence (n.) to support our story.9. - Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting thewrong end of the stick?- Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes.10. The footballer admitted that he knew the man who was supposed to have bribed him, butd enied (vt.) that he had ever taken any money.11. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he wasnot telling the truth.12. He was very angry at the article suggesting that he was guilty (guilt) and tried to stop usfrom publishing (publish) it. Later we were proved (proof) right.(II)1. Get that story ready. We need it in this edition (edit) to be ahead of the othernewspapers.2. Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous filmstar.3. His first t ask (n.) was to write this story, but he had to do it carefully (care).4. Although he r ealized (vt.) the man had been lying (lie), Zhou Yang knew he must nota ccuse him directly.5. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasteful (waste) words or phrases.6. The first person who saw his article was an editor (edit) from the International NewsDepartment (depart).7. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.8. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller headings (head).9. Zhou Yang also took a copy to the n ative (adj.) speaker employed (employ) by thenewspaper to p olish (vt.) the style.10. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story and noted that he was able to write agood f ront (adj.) page.11. Zhang Yang smiled with happiness (happy).12. Last of all, the c hief (adj.) editor read it and a pproved (vt.) it.13. He asked Zhou Yang to show the evidence so that they could make sure that they had got thef acts (n.) straight.14. The news desk editor took the story and began to work on_ all the stories and photos untilall the pages were s et (vt.).15. All the information was then ready to be processed into film n egatives_ (n.). This was thefirst stage of the printing p rocess (n.).16. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were c ombined (vt.) t heymade a coloured / colourful (colour) page for the newspaper.17. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready (ready).Unit 4 –填空版(I)1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ___________________ (assign) at the office of ChinaDaily. His ___________________ (discuss) with his boss was to strongly influence his life ____________ a reporter.2. Not until you’re more ___________________ (experience) can you go out on a story onyour own.3. Only when you have seen ____________ he or she does can you c___________ (vt.) a storyby yourself.4. You will have a professional p_____________________ (n.) with you to take photos. If youare interested in ___________________ (photo), it may be possible for you to concentrate___________ that later on.5. Not only am I interested in photography, but I (also) took a c___________ (n.) at university.6. Only if you ask many different questions will you a_____________ (vt.) all the informationyou need to know. Good reporters must be able to tell when people are not telling the whole ___________ (true) and try to d______________ (vt.) it. They must use research or ask other people to find out the ________________ (miss) parts of the story.7. You have to listen to the ______________ (detail) facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare thenext question ___________________ (depend) on what the person says.8. This is a t__________ (n.) of the trade. If the person ______________________ (interview)agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight. We have the e_______________ (n.) to support our story.9. - Have you ever had a case ____________ somebody accused your reporters _________getting the wrong end of the stick?- Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is _____________ the story goes.10. The footballer admitted that he knew the man ____________ was supposed to have bribedhim, but d_____________ (vt.) that he had ever taken any money.11. When we saw them together we guessed ____________ the footballer’s body language thathe was not telling the truth.12. He was very angry at the article suggesting that he was ____________ (guilt) and tried tostop us from _______________ (publish) it. Later we were ______________ (proof) right.(II)1. Get that story ready. We need it in this _____________ (edit) to be ahead _________ theother newspapers.2. Zhou Yang had just come back __________ the office after an interview _________ afamous film star.3. His first t_________ (n.) was to write this story, but he had to do it ______________ (care).4. Although he r_____________ (vt.) the man had been _____________ (lie), Zhou Yangknew he must not a_____________ him directly.5. Months of training had taught him to write with no ____________ (waste) words or phrases.6. The first person __________ saw his article was an _____________ (edit) from theInternational News __________________ (depart).7. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it _________ to the copy-editor.8. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller ____________ (head).9. Zhou Yang also took a copy to the n____________ (adj.) speaker _____________ (employ)by the newspaper to p____________ (vt.) the style.10. She was also very happy ___________ Zhou Yang’s story and noted that he was able towrite a good f____________ (adj.) page.11. Zhang Yang smiled with ___________________ (happy).12. Last of all, the c____________ (adj.) editor read it and a_____________ (vt.) it.13. He asked Zhou Yang to show the evidence so that they could make sure that they had got thef__________ (n.)straight.14. The news desk editor took the story and began to work ____________ all the stories andphotos until all the pages were s__________ (vt.).15. All the information was then ready to be processed into film n_______________ (n.). Thiswas the first stage of the printing p______________ (n.).16. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were c_____________ (vt.)they made a _________________ (colour) page for the newspaper.17. Zhou Yang waited excitedly _________ the first copies ________________ (ready).Unit 5 –完整版1. Often the illness (ill) or injury (injure) is not serious, but there are other times when giving (give) first aid quickly will s ave (v.) on e’s life.2. You have three layers (lay) of skin that protect you from diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful (harm) rays. Your skin also prevents your body from losing water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain; and it gives you your s ense (n.) of touch. So, if your skin gets burnt / burned (burn), it can be very serious. First aid is the first step in the treatment (treat) of burns.3. Second degree burns are serious and take a few weeks to h eal (v.). Examples include s evere (adj.) sunburn and burns caused (cause) by hot liquids.4. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting (put) them back in the cold water, squeezing (squeeze) them out and placing (place) them on the burnt / burned (burn) area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.5. Do not rub, because / for this may break any blisters and the w ound (n.) may get infected (infect).6. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean b andage (n.) that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointments on burns as they keep the heat (hot) in the wounds and may cause infection (infect).7. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery (brave) of ten people who had saved the life of another.8. She was lying in her front garden bleeding (bleed) very heavily.9. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.10. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure (press) to the wounds until the police anda mbulance (n.) arrived.11. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school s aved (v.) Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a k nowledge (n.) of first aid can make a reald ifference (n.).12. Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers a ttended (v.) a special reception yesterday hosted (host) by the Prime Minister.Unit 5 –填空版1. Often the _____________ (ill) or _____________ (injure) is not serious, but there are other times when _____________ (give) first aid quickly will s_____________ (v.) on e’s life.2. You have three _____________ (lay) of skin that protect you _____________ diseases, poisons and the sun’s _____________ (harm) rays. Your skin also prevents your body。
人教版必修5第五单元课文
必修5 Unit 5 First aid-ReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the su n's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very plex: it keeps you w arm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can ima gine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very impo rtant first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiat ion (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemica ls.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third deg ree burns, depending onwhich layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. Th ese burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric sh ocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe in juries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎ dry, red and mildly swollen◎ mildly painful◎ turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎ rough, red and swollen◎ blisters◎ watery surface◎ extremely painfulThird degree burns◎ black and white and charred◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of inju red area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to t he burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to p lace burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water sto ps the burning process, prevents the pain being unbearable and reduces swellin g.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so ba d.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blister s and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick t o the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointm ent on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if poss ible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get t he victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awa rds last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour af ter a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the braver y of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his fath er rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, m other of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when no body could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's h ands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the polic e and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John s aid.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills h e learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first a id can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Save rs attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之欧阳法创编
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his th eory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. YetCopernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this wasaccomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, themiddle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their townsand roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions,still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail:liqiang299A@ 15/11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes.The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept upinto the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins s lowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going t o examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclearmessage may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields an d “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable ”, says new journali stNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer wit h you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here c omes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes? HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling thetruth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. Hewould have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Y ang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news.A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps youwarm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns. Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day ortwo. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burnscaused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burnscaused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severepetrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once. Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painaround edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process,prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treatthe most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版高中英语必修五Unit
• if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.方便某人 做某事
• 提示：convenient不用来修饰人，常用来 指事物
• be convenient to sb. 表示“对某人来说 方便”
• be convenient for sb. to do sth. • 表示“对某人来说做某事方便”
break away 挣脱, 逃脱；脱离, 背叛 break down 抛锚, 出故障,身体跨了 break into 闯入, 突然发出 break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾) 爆发 break off 中断 break the rules 违反规则 break the records 打破记录
• credit 既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，其 常见意思是赊购（制度）；称赞；学分。 也可作动词，表示相信；把……归功于。
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Language points
1. How many countries does the UK
consist of? 大不列颠由多少个国家组成？ consist vi. 在于, 存在于; 组成, 构成 习惯搭配： 1) consist of 由……组成， 由……构成， 包括
(注意:不能用于被动语态和进行时态)
= be made up of 2) consist in 基于，在于members. Coal consists ，存在……之中
.
• 一、帮你归纳 • 1．consist of 由……组成 • 提示：consist of 为及物动词短语，但是
没有被动语态，也不可用于进行时态。
人教版英语必修五课文电子版
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended QueenVictoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked thebody and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. Intwo particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people diedin ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed thatsome houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera wasspread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from BroadStreet, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried thevirus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to。
人教版高中英语必修五全册课件【完整版】
He used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.
Gregory Mendel
She discovered radium in 1898. She received two Nobel Prizes, one for physics and one for chemistry.
人教版高中必修五 英语
全册优质课件
Unit 1 Great scientists
Warming up and reading
The work of scientists makes life much easier and more comfortable. They make great contribution to social development.
• Be aware of what you eat, and be careful how you prepare it.
• Use antibiotics exactly as prescribed. • Be cautious around all wild and domestic
animals that are not familiar to you.
Stephen Harking
He put forward a theory about black holes.
father of optical fibers
winning the Nobel Prize in Physics on October 6, 2009
Gao Kun
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之欧阳体创编
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. Intwo particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the waterfrom the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less brightat others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his th eory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theoryreplaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have verydifferent institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the easternand western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemail:liqiang299A@15/11/30 08(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small roomnearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced abed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going t o examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear yo ur mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclearmessage may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs,clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work wit h us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer wit h you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story? HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a g ood “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here c omes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story. ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an articlesuggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Y ang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” hisfriend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are notserious and should feel better within a day or two. Examplesinclude mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan,stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause verysevere injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once. Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edgeof injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool byputting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to t reat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It sho ws that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版高中英语必修五第五单元全套课件
3. To treat a burn, you: A. Rub(擦)some butter on it. B. Hold the burnt part under cold running water. C. Put salt on the burnt part.
4. You should wait at least five minutes before touching somebody who has been struck by lightening, or you might get a shock (打击).
ankle. C. Keep on walking and jumping.
2. If you get a nosebleed, gently let your head back to stop the bleeding.
A. True
B. False (It may lead the blood into the throat and easily cause choking.)
__•_h_o_t__l_i_q_u_i_d_s_,______________ __•_s_t_e_a__m_,___________________ __•_f_i_r_e_,_____________________ __•_r_a_d__ia__t_io_n__,_______________ __•_t_h_e___s_u_n_,____________________ __•_e_l_e_c_t_r_i_c_i_t_y__a__n_d__c_h__e_m__ic__a_ls__
A. True
B. False
5. Your friend has an asthma(哮喘) attack, but she doesn’t have her medicine. You’d better: A. Get a paper bag for her to breathe into. B. Get her a cup of coffee. C. Take her outside for fresh air. (caffeine咖啡因 can help to dilate扩大 the windpipe气管)
人教版高中英语必修五电子课本
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标翻开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1JOHH SHOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA〞John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so e*pert, indeed, that he attended Quee n Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people e*posed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its caus e nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly e*plained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated aroun d until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So w hen another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two partic ular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the e*act places where all the dead people had lived. This g ave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the w ater pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that som e houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no death s. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these peo ple worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had n ot drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Ne*t, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found t hat it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told th e astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could n ot be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was sprea d by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that w ere linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this e*tra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be e*amined. The water panies were instructed not to e*pose people to pollut ed water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried t o ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth w as not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as t he powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. T hey believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must b e the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seeme d to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar sys tem and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answe r. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to e*p lain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was plete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fi*ed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the ea rth was spinning as it went round the sun and this e*plained changes in the movement of t he planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged hi m to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theo ry is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as t he centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstei n and Stephen Hawking.必修5 Unit 2PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: Engl and, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when pe ople refer to England you find Wales included as well. Ne*t England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happ ily this was acplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of Englan d and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to f orm the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, t he southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to bee the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For e*ample, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as differen t football teams for petitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly i nto three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical archit ecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatre s, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by t he Anglo-Sa*ons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 10 66. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left th eir towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Sa*ons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by theNorman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had e*panded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison bined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewel s guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year -old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It loo ked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statu es in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in Lon don. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary lin e dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Mar*'s statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed munism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadl y the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading ro om was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures di splayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old C hinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The ne*t day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Q ueen"" she wondered as she fell asleep.必修5 Unit 3按住Ctrl键单击鼠标翻开配套教学视频名师讲课播放。
人教版必修5课文完整版
人教版必修5课文完整版Unit 1 –完整版John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories. As the disease spread quickly through the poor neighbourhoods, John Snow began to gather the information. He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. He determined to find out why. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived. Here it is: The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40 Broad Street.) John Snow also saw that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He discovered that these families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. It seemed the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.Soon the disease began to slow down. John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street out break. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day. Both she and her daughter, who often visited her, died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to England in the 13th century AD. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Great Britain was the name given when England and Wales were joined to Scotland. It happened in 1603 when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.Although the four countries do work together in some areas (for example, in international relations) they are still very different. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is call the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands, and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the South, but most of the large industrial cities in the Midlands and North of England. Although many of the cities are not as large as those in China, they have famous football teams and some even have two. However, these industrial cities built in the 19th century do not have the historical attractions of other places. For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and words for food. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile!Unit 2 –填空版1. There is no need ______________ (debate) any more about why different words are used ______________ (describe) the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.2. Wales was linked ________ England in the 13th century AD. Now when people refer to England you find Wales ________________ (include) as well.3. Great Britain was the name ______________ (give) when England and Wales were joined to Scotland. It happened in 1603 ____________ King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves ______________ (unite) peacefully instead of by war.4. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected ______________ (form) the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland ______________ (become) the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.5. Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have developed different __________________ (education) and legal systems as well as different football teams for _______________ (compete) like the World Cup!6. England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it ______________ (divide) roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands, and the one nearest to Scotland is known _______ the North.7.You find most of the population ______________ (settle) in the South, but most of thelarge ______________ (industry) cities in the Midlands and North of England. Although many of the cities are not as large as ______________ in China, they have famous football teams and some even have two. However, these industrial cities ______________ (built) in the 19th century do not have the historical ______________ (attract) of other places.8. The greatest historical treasure of all is London __________ its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building __________ (begin) by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle ______________ (construct) by later Norman rulers in 1066.9.London has been influenced only by some ______________ (invade) of England. Thefirst invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and words for food.10.If you look around the British countryside, you will find ______________ (evident) ofall these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip ________ the United Kingdom worthwhile!Unit 3 –完整版Spacemail:liqiang299A@Great Adventure Space 15/11/3008(Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still can not believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind rconstantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “ time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from you previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well known for their expertise, his parents’company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wanping appeared. “put on this mask,” he advised. “ It ‘ll make you feel much better”. He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. Thest carriage float above the groud and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too my carriage flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and sae the area again as it had been in the year AD 2019. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again andflew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall. a brown floor and soft lighting, Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much- needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “ Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “ You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast sleep.More news later from your loving son,Li Qiang1. I can’t believe that I am taking up my prize won (win) last year.2. Worried (worry) about the journey, I was unsettled (settle) for the first few days.3. I suffered from “time lag”, which is s imilar to the “jet lag” when flying, buti nstead (adv.), it means you keep getting flashbacks from your p revious (adj.) timeperiod.4. Wang Ping was so understanding (understand) that he gave me some green tablets,which helped me a lot.5. Well-k nown (adj.) for their expertise (expert), his parents’ comp any named“Future Tours” transported (v.) me safely into the future in a time capsule.6. The seats were comfortable (comfort) and a calming (calm) drink made mesleepy (sleep).7. The capsule shook as we lay relaxed (relax) by our dreams. Sounds came fromunder our feet as we rose slowly from the ground.8. Confused by the new surroundings (surround), I was hit by the lack of fresh air.9. The air seemed thin as though its combination (combine) of gases had little oxygenleft (leave).10. I was b ack (adj.) on my feet again, and followed him to collect a hovering carriagedriven (drive) by computer. By bending (bend) and pressing (press) down on the driving (drive) stick, we could move swiftly.11. I got lost (lose) when we reached what looked like a large market because of thepeople flying by in all directions.12. I found later that the leaves p rovided (v.) the house with much-needed oxygen.13. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits organized (organize) by the company.14. Having spread (spread) some food on the table, she produced a bed from the floor.15. Exhausted (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep (sleep).16. There were so many carriages that I lost sight of (sight) Wang Ping and my link tohim was broken … Just then I caught sight of (sight) him and flew after him.Unit 3 –填空版1. I can’t believe that I am taking up my prize ____________ (win) last year.2. ___________ (worry) about the journey, I was ____________ (settle) for the first few days.3. I suffered ____________ “time lag”, which is s____________ to the “jet lag” whenflying, but i____________ (adv.), it means you keep getting flashbacks from your p____________ (adj.) time period.4. Wang Ping was so ____________________ (understand) that he gave me some greentablets, ____________ helped me a lot.5. Well-k____________ (adj.) for their __________________ (expert), his parents’company named “Future Tours” t_________________ (v.) me safely into the future in a time capsule.6. The seats were ________________ (comfort) and a ______________ (calm) drink mademe ______________ (sleep).7. The capsule shook as we lay ______________ (relax) by our dreams. Sounds came from______________ our feet as we rose slowly from the ground.8. Confused by the new __________________ (surround), I was hit by the lack of fresh air.9. The air seemed thin as though its _________________ (combine) of gases had littleoxygen ______________ (leave).10. I was b__________ (adj.) on my feet again, and followed him to collect a hoveringcarriage _______________ (drive) by computer. By ______________ (bend) and ______________ (press) down on the _____________ (drive) stick, we could move swiftly.11. I got ___________ (lose) when we reached ___________ looked like a large marketbecause of the people flying _______ in all directions.12. I found later that the leaves p______________ (v.) the house with much-needed oxygen.13. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits ________________ (organize) by thecompany.14. _________________ (spread) some food on the table, she produced a bed from the floor.15. _________________ (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast ______________ (sleep).16. There were so many carriages that I ____________________ (sight) Wang Ping and mylink ______ him was broken … Just then I __________________ (sight) him and flew after him.Unit 4 –完整版(I)1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment (assign) at the office of ChinaDaily. His discussion (discuss) with his boss was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.2. Not until you’re more experienced (experience) can you go out on a story on your own.3. Only when you have seen what he or she does can you c over (vt.) a story byyourself.4. You will have a professional p hotographer (n.) with you to take photos. If you areinterested in photography (photo), it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on.5. Not only am I interested in photography, but I (also) took a c ourse (n.) at university.6. Only if you ask many different questions will you a cquire (vt.) all the information youneed to know. Good reporters must be able to tell when people are not telling the whole truth (true) and try to d iscover (vt.) it. They must use research or ask other people to find out the missing (miss) parts of the story.7. You have to listen to the detailed (detail) facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare thenext question depending (depend) on what the person says.8. This is a t rick (n.) of the trade. If the person interviewed (interview) agrees, wesometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight. We have the e vidence (n.) to support our story.9. - Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of gettingthe wrong end of the stick?- Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes.10. The footballer admitted that he knew the man who was supposed to have bribedhim, but d enied (vt.) that he had ever taken any money.11. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that hewas not telling the truth.12. He was very angry at the article suggesting that he was guilty (guilt) and tried tostop us from publishing (publish) it. Later we were proved (proof) right.(II)1. Get that story ready. We need it in this edition (edit) to be ahead of the othernewspapers.2. Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famousfilm star.3. His first t ask (n.) was to write this story, but he had to do it carefully (care).4. Although he r ealized (vt.) the man had been lying (lie), Zhou Yang knew he mustnot a ccuse him directly.5. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasteful (waste) words orphrases.6. The first person who saw his article was an editor (edit) from the InternationalNews Department (depart).7. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.8. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller headings(head).9. Zhou Yang also took a copy to the n ative (adj.) speaker employed (employ) by thenewspaper to p olish (vt.) the style.10. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story and noted that he was able to writea good f ront (adj.) page.11. Zhang Yang smiled with happiness (happy).12. Last of all, the c hief (adj.) editor read it and a pproved (vt.) it.13. He asked Zhou Yang to show the evidence so that they could make sure that they hadgot the f acts (n.) straight.14. The news desk editor took the story and began to work on_ all the stories and photosuntil all the pages were s et (vt.).15. All the information was then ready to be processed into film n egatives_ (n.). This was thefirst stage of the printing p rocess (n.).16. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were c ombined (vt.)they made a coloured / colourful (colour) page for the newspaper.17. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready (ready).Unit 4 –填空版(I)1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ___________________ (assign) at the office ofChina Daily. His ___________________ (discuss) with his boss was to strongly influence his life ____________ a reporter.2. Not until you’re more ___________________ (experience) can you go out on a story onyour own.3. Only when you have seen ____________ he or she does can you c___________ (vt.) astory by yourself.4. You will have a professional p_____________________ (n.) with you to take photos. Ifyou are interested in ___________________ (photo), it may be possible for you to concentrate ___________ that later on.5. Not only am I interested in photography, but I (also) took a c___________ (n.) atuniversity.6. Only if you ask many different questions will you a_____________ (vt.) all theinformation you need to know. Good reporters must be able to tell when people are not telling the whole ___________ (true) and try to d______________ (vt.) it. They must use research or ask other people to find out the ________________ (miss) parts of the story.7. You have to listen to the ______________ (detail) facts. Meanwhile you have to preparethe next question ___________________ (depend) on what the person says.8. This is a t__________ (n.) of the trade. If the person ______________________ (interview) a grees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight. We have the e_______________ (n.) to support our story.9. - Have you ever had a case ____________ somebody accused your reporters _________getting the wrong end of the stick?- Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is _____________ the story goes.10. The footballer admitted that he knew the man ____________ was supposed to havebribed him, but d_____________ (vt.) that he had ever taken any money.11. When we saw them together we guessed ____________ the footballer’s body languagethat he was not telling the truth.12. He was very angry at the article suggesting that he was ____________ (guilt) and triedto stop us from _______________ (publish) it. Later we were ______________ (proof) right.(II)1. Get that story ready. We need it in this _____________ (edit) to be ahead _________ theother newspapers.2. Zhou Yang had just come back __________ the office after an interview _________ afamous film star.3. His first t_________ (n.) was to write this story, but he had to do it ______________(care).4. Although he r_____________ (vt.) the man had been _____________ (lie), Zhou Yangknew he must not a_____________ him directly.5. Months of training had taught him to write with no____________ (waste) words orphrases.6. The first person __________ saw his article was an _____________ (edit) from theInternational News __________________ (depart).7. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it _________ to the copy-editor.8. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller ____________(head).9. Zhou Yang also took a copy to the n____________ (adj.) speaker _____________ (employ) by the newspaper to p____________ (vt.) the style.10. She was also very happy ___________ Zhou Yang’s story and noted that he was able towrite a good f____________ (adj.) page.11. Zhang Yang smiled with ___________________ (happy).12. Last of all, the c____________ (adj.) editor read it and a_____________ (vt.) it.13. He asked Zhou Yang to show the evidence so that they could make sure that they hadgot the f__________ (n.) straight.14. The news desk editor took the story and began to work ____________ all the storiesand photos until all the pages were s__________ (vt.).15. All the information was then ready to be processed into film n_______________ (n.). This was the first stage of the printing p______________ (n.).16. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were c_____________ (vt.) they made a _________________ (colour) page for the newspaper.17. Zhou Yang waited excitedly _________ the first copies ________________ (ready).Unit 5 –完整版1. Often the illness (ill) or injury (injure) is not serious, but there are other times when giving (give) first aid quickly will s ave (v.) on e’s life.2. You have three layers (lay) of skin that protect you from diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful (harm) rays. Your skin also prevents your body from losing water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain; and it gives you your s ense (n.) of touch. So, if your skin gets burnt / burned (burn), it can be very serious. First aid is the first step in the treatment (treat) of burns.3. Second degree burns are serious and take a few weeks to h eal (v.). Examples include s evere (adj.) sunburn and burns caused (cause) by hot liquids.4. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting (put) them back in the cold water, squeezing (squeeze) them out and placing (place) them on the burnt / burned (burn) area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.5. Do not rub, because / for this may break any blisters and the w ound (n.) may get infected (infect).6. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean b andage (n.) that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointments on burns as they keep the heat (hot) in the wounds and may cause infection (infect).7. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery (brave) of ten people who had saved the life of another.8. She was lying in her front garden bleeding (bleed) very heavily.9. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.10. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure (press) to the wounds until the police and a mbulance (n.) arrived.11. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school s aved (v.) Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a k nowledge (n.) of first aid can make a real d ifference (n.).12. Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers a ttended (v.) a special reception yesterday hosted (host) by the Prime Minister.Unit 5 –填空版1. Often the _____________ (ill) or _____________ (injure) is not serious, but there are other times when _____________ (give) first aid quickly will s_____________ (v.) on e’s life.2. You have three _____________ (lay) of skin that protect you _____________ diseases, poisons and the sun’s _____________ (harm) rays. Your skin also prevents your body _____________ losing water; it is _____________ you feel cold, heat or pain; and it gives you your s_____________ (n.) of touch. So, if your skin gets _____________ (burn), it can be very serious. First aid is the first step in the _________________ (treat) of burns.3. Second degree burns are serious and take a few weeks to h_____________ (v.). Examples include s_____________ (adj.) sunburn and burns _____________ (cause) by hot liquids.4. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by _____________ (put) them back in the cold water, ________________ (squeeze) them out and _______________ (place) them on the _____________ (burn) area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.5. Do not rub, _____________ this may break any blisters and the w_____________ (n.) may get _______________ (infect).6. Cover the burned area _____________ a dry, clean b_____________ (n.) that will not stick _____________ the skin. Hold the bandage in place _____________ tape. Never put butter, oil or ointments on burns as they keep the _____________ (hot) in the wounds and may cause _________________ (infect).7. John was presented _____________ his award at a ceremony which recognized the_______________ (brave) of ten people who had saved the life of another.8. She was lying in her front garden ________________ (bleed) very heavily.9. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid _____________ saved Ms Slade’s life.10. He slowed the bleeding by applying ________________ (press) to the wounds until the police and a_______________ (n.) arrived.11. There is no doubt _____________ John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school s_____________ (v.) Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a k_______________ (n.) of first aid can make a real d_______________ (n.).12. Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers a_____________ (v.) a special reception yesterday ____________ (host) by the Prime Minister.。
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之令狐文艳创作
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTS令狐文艳JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places whereall the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it camefrom the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germsand not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved awayfrom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera afterdrinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that pollutedwater carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 heworked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. Hisfriends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. TheChristian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showedthis was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales andScotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but mostof the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in thenineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldestbuilding begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans,left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside youwill find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solidstone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful fornavigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail:liqiang299A@15 /11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I wasstill on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what lookedlike a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had beenin the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is yourfirst time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrowyou’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of t he latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No moretypists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. Therubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deser ts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasksin space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an e xperienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you to take phot ographs. You’llfind your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to updatemy skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a s tory. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of do s and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was nottelling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence,read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a goodpicture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negativesheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedlyfor the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on whichlayers of the skin are burned.●First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better withina day or two. Examples include mild sunburn andburns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or ironfor a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer ofthe skin. These burns are serious and take a fewweeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause verysevere injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may bepain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, aman ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action an d knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most seve re injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledg e of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之欧阳地创编
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated arounduntil it found its victims. From the stomach thedisease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready tobegin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined tofind out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (suchas 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linkedto the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the waterfrom the pump so much that she had it deliveredto her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. Withthis extra evidence John Snow was able toannounce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth wasspecial and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. Hehad collected observations of the stars and usedall his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only new theory could do that. So between1510 and 1514 he worked on it, graduallyimproving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at thecentre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and thework of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked toit in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined withEngland, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! Itis a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to olderbut smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centreof national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in thefirst century AD, the oldest building begun bythe Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldestcastle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, lefttheir language and their government. The third,the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth,the Normans, left castles and introduced newwords for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral builtafter the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! WestminsterAbbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished theday by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so muchto tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world andis very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standingon either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statuein HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Libraryof the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had movedfrom its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she wasthrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemail:liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation. com15/11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I sufferedfrom“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seatswere comfortable and after a calming drink, wefelt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsulebegan swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journeywas completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as Itried to make the necessary adjustment to thisnew situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was backon my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bendingor pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market becauseof too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback andsaw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had agreen wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is yourfirst time travel trip. Just relax, since thereis nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. Afterhe left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going t o examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick,efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, evenplastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’tit?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on. G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing nolonger takes place on the earth but on spacestation like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth. My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of thewonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions? ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a g ood “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try todiscover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here c omes my list of dos and don’ts:don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude,don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” ZhouYang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did hereally do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked theevidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a goodfront page article,” she said, Zhou Y ang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. Thiswas the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body andits largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heator pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns. Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feelbetter within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching ahot pan, stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severesunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may bepain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents thepain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the painis not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. Heimmediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their handson any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skillshe learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之欧阳学创编
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit Londonin 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame, Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards thedisease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the skymake sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went aroundthe sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his th eory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and NorthernIreland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zoneis called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes openif you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginaryline dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemail:liqiang299A@15/ 11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygenleft. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! Ifound later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins s lowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine,always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work wit h us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer wit h you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a g ood “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here c omes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could havedemanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the articleand passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the artic le was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Y ang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to beprinted. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused bytouching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain aroundedge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries toMs Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It sho ws that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版 英语 必修五 课文 电子版之欧阳与创编
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not toexpose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his th eory, saying it was against God’sidea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built inthe nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her firstdelight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of BuckinghamPalace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passesthrough Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in HighgateCemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the BritishMuseum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for WindsorCastle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemail:liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.co m15/11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed itto me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing downin your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, itspins s lowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going t o examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just lookedlike metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right? ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields an d “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happenedto work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture,hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I get out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer wit h you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a g ood “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here c omes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the artic le was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Y ang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colourswere going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news.A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. Theseburns are not serious and should feel better within aday or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for amoment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of theskin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks toheal. Examples include severe sunburn and burnscaused by hot liquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burnscaused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severepetrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once. Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painaround edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin ofcold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
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人教版高中英语必修五unit电子课本篇一:新人教版高中英语必修五完整课文译文新人教版高中英语课文译文必修五第一单元伟大的科学家Reading 约翰.斯诺击败―霍乱王‖约翰.斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生—他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生。
但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
约翰.斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中腐殖着，像一股危险的气流到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
1斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。
因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰.斯诺着手准备对此调研。
当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰.斯诺就开始收集资料。
他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。
他决心要查明其原因。
首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。
这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。
许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。
他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。
他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。
他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。
看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。
他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。
他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵上的把手。
这样，水泵就用不成了。
不久，疫情就开始得到了缓解。
他证明了，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。
有一位妇女是从宽街搬进来的，她特备喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到2家里来。
她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。
有了这个特别的证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰.斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
最终，―霍乱王‖被打败了。
Using Language 哥白尼的革命性理论尼古拉.哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱。
虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论:地球不是太阳系的中心。
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会收到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。
教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。
这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。
如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有的行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。
哥白尼曾经对这种问题苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。
他曾经收集过观测星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数3学知识来解释这些数据。
但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。
于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。
他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它自身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球的亮度问题。
他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公诸于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教教会势力的攻击，所以他只是在1543年临终之前才把它公布出来。
当然，他小心谨慎是对的。
基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。
然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。
他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。
哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。
如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克.牛顿、阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬.霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。
第二单元联合王国Reading 地理之谜人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏4格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。
但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。
首先是英格兰。
威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合起来。
如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。
接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了―大不列颠‖。
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。
最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来已形成联合王国。
然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去，并建立了自己的政府。
因而只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗就可以看出来。
值得称赞的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和在国际关系上，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。
例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在差异。
在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的球队。
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。
为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做苏格兰北部。
你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，5而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。
尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。
在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。
最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。
那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。
它是全国的政治中心。
它有公元一世纪由古罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁-撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。
曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。
最早的入侵者是古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。
其次是盎格鲁-撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。
第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名留下了影响。
第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的食物名称的词语。
如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。
如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。
Using Language 伦敦观光记由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
她最想参观的地方是伦敦塔，它是很久以6前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。
真是太棒了～这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经屹立在那儿一千年了。
尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。
让张玉萍十分惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的特别卫士守着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时代的制服。
接着参观的是圣.保罗大教堂，它是1666年可怕的伦敦大火以后建造的，刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。
伦敦威斯敏斯特大教堂也是很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作家的雕像，例如莎士比亚的雕像。
正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。
她参观了女王伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。
啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了～第二天，萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天文台，看到了古老的轮船和著名的为世篇二:人教版高中英语必修五课文填空人教版高中英语必修五课文填空Unit 1 Great scientistsJohn Snow, a well-known doctor in London, became_______(inspire) when hethought about helping ordinary people who_________(expose) to cholera, a______(die) disease of its day.7Many thousands of people died _________ there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem.He got interested in two theories __________(explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory ________suggested that people _________(absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854, when another ________ hit London, he was ready to test the two theories._________ the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was __________(blame).Unit 2 The United KingdomIf you study British history, you may find the country went through several different ________. The first name England ________(refer) to England and Wales, but when the two countries joined Scotland in 1603, the name Great Britain was given to represent the country. With the_________(join) of Northern Ireland, the country got the name the UnitedKingdom, which was shown to the world in a new flag _________(call) the Union Jack.________ the four countries, England is the ________ and8is divided into ________ zones: the South, the North and the Midlands. Its capital _________, which has beeninfluenced by some invaders, _________ the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans,is the greatest _________(history) treasure of all with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.Unit 3 Life in the futureLi Qiang couldn’t believe that he had traveled to the year AD 3008 _______ a time capsule. Because this was his ________ time trip, he was worried and ________(settle) so that he suffered _________‖time lag‖. Besides, he was hit by the lack of fresh air. His guide, Wang Ping, who was very _________(understand), gave him some green tablets and a mask, which helped him _______ the problems. However, Li Qiang experienced something new. He flew ________ the ground in a hovering carriage.________(arrive) home, he was shown into a large bright, clean room with a wall of trees. After eating something, he fell ________ asleep in the bed that _________(produce) from the floor.Unit 4 Making the newsIt is Zhou Yang’s first day at the office of China Daily. He is excited and ________ to go out _______ a story on his own,9but he can’t because he isn’t ___________(experience)enough. His new boss, Hu Xin, is sharing with him how to be a good reporter.To be a good reporter, one needs to be curious, which _________(able) one to ask many different questions and acquire all the information he needs to know. Besides, it’simportant for a reporter to have a nose ________ a story,_________(know) if someone is telling the truth. And while interviewing people, a reporter has to listen to the answers carefully because he has to listen to the _________(detail) facts and prepare the next question__________(depend) on what people say. If possible, a reporter can __________(recorder) the interview in case he _________(accuse) of printing lies.Unit 5 First aidFirst aid is the kind of help ________ to someone ________falls illor gets injurybefore a doctor can _______(find). Of course, the illness or injuryis not serious. Now let’s talk about FIRST AID forburns. You have three layers of skin that protect yourself_________diseases, poisons and the harmful rays ________ the sun. Your skin also gives you your ________ of10touch. First aid is a very important step in the _________(treat).People can get burned by many things, ________ hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, etc. There are three types of burns. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns, depending on ________layers are burned. Different degree burn can be treated in a different _________. Let’s keep these things in mind.答案:Unit 11. inspired2. were exposed3. deadly4. when/whenever5. explaining6. that7. absorbed8. outbreak9. With 10. to blameunit 21. names2. referred3. joining4. called5. Of6. largest7. three8. London9. like/such as 10. Historicalunit 31. in2. first3. unsettled4. from5. understanding6.overcome/solve 7. above 8. Arriving 9. fast/sound 10. was produced unit 4111. eager2. on3. experienced4. enables5. for6. knowing7. detailed8. depending9. record 10. is accused ofunit 51. given2. who3. be found4. against/from5. from6. sense7. treatment8. such as/like9. which 10. way篇三:高中英语:人教版必修电子课本(word版)普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本Book 3Unit 1 Festivals around the worldB3U1P1-3FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient FestivalsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food wasdifficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the DeadSome festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and pleasethe ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people12should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with ,bones‖ on them. They offer food,flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children‘sfestival, when they can go to their neighbours‘ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India‘s independence fromBritain.Harvest Festivals13Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards fortheir animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, andfamilies celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter14is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.B3U1P4We think it has always been the custom for people to have festivals. They are a time to enjoy ea ch other‘s company andhave fun with our friends. We think that long ago people looked forward to the celebrations. Our ancestors would sit round a fire andcook plenty of meat to eat. Then they would be satisfied with their festival.B3U1P7A SAD LOVE STORYLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine‘s Day and HuJin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn‘t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at15seven o‘cloc k, and he thought she would keep her word. He hadlooked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her apologise. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting forLi Fang to leave,he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV,just whatLi Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The seventh daughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving girl, and she was the most lovely of the daughters. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (,Justlike me and Hu Jin, ‖thought Li Fang.) They got marriedsecretly, and they were very happy. (,We could be like that, ‖ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her daughter wasmarried to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her mother finally decided to let the couple16cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. This happens when the stars Vega and Altair meet in the Heaven. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh lunar month. people in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinu is weeping and the couple won‘t be able tomeet.The announcer said, ,this is the story of Qiqiaojie. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine‘s story. It‘s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.‘‘ As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, ,I guess Hu Jin doesn‘t love me. I‘ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don‘t want them to remind me of her.‘‘ So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him andcalling, ,Why are you so la te? I‘ve beenwaiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!‖What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine‘s Day!B3U1P44&4517Winter carnival in QuebecW e are sitting in a café in old Quebec, drinking hot coffee to tryto warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are covered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, the snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks and in parking lots. The music and lights of the carnival continue, but we have been watching the parades, riding in horse carriages and listening to the music all day. Our feet are freezing and our noses are red.Quebec carnival is the biggest winter festival in the world – every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in a week of activities. If you come, you must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. The competitions speed down the track and through the air though they could fly.If you are brave enough, you can try the canoe race. Five or six men paddle in each canoe across the great St Lawrence River, which is partly frozen. Of course, the river is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you18would freeze in less than two minutes.One of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about 6 Husky dogs pull long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encourage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of the crowd make an exciting Northern experience. The dogs arebeautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur. Many of them have blue eyes.After admiring the ice sculptures everywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can have a cup of tae or coffee in an igloo. It is amazing how warm these ice houses can be!Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance outside to the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes – even some of their instruments are dressed up for winter.Finally we sit down in our café to warm up and to plan tomorrow –perhaps we‘ll join the snowmobile races – orperhaps we‘ll just sleep in.Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy eating19B3U2P10COME AND EAT HERE (1)Wang Peiwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of mutton kebabs, roast pork and fried rice. Then by lunchtimethey would all be sold. His restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was it so? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton kebabs and fattypork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His fried rice was hot but did not taste of fat. His cola was sugary and cold and his ice cream was made of eggs, milk, cream andfrui t. ,Nothing could have been better,‖ he thought.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Maochang hurrying by. ,Hello, Maochang,‖he called, ,Your usual?‖ ButMaochang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did.Pengwei followed Li Maochang into a newly-opened small restaurant at the end of the street. There was a sign in the window.Tired of all that fat? Want to be thinner?20Come inside to Yong Hui’s slimming rest aurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again.Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside. It was full of people. A very thin lady came forward. ,Welcome!‖ shesaid, ,My name is Yong Hui.I will take all that fat off you in two weeks if you eat here every day.‖ Then she gave a menuto Wang Peiwei. There were only two kinds of food and one drink on it: raw vegetables, fruit and water. Wang Peiwei was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his own restaurant. He could not believe his eyes! He threw away the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? He wondered if he should go to the library to find out. He couldn‘t have Yong Hui getting away withtelling people lies! He had better do some research!After reading, he realised what was wrong with Yong Hui‘s restaurant. It was not giving its customers energy-giving food! After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly. Perhaps this was a way to win his customers back! Peng Wei wrote his own sign.It said:Want to feel fit?21Come and eat here!Our food gives you energy all day!The competition between the two restaurants was on!B3U2P12Daisy wished to be ,,,so that she could wear all thelatest, cool clothes designed for the young. She decided to dosome ,,,into what foods should be eaten to become thinner. She learned that one of the ,,,of not eatingenough was to become very tired quickly. When she went to the doctor, he told her she could be thinner as well as healthy if she ate more vegetables like beans,,,, and ,,,.Soshe did. She felt very fit when she started eating more ,,, foods as well as her usual energy–giving foods. She evenbegan to enjoy eating all the vegetables,,, rather thancooked. She soon looked like a model!B3U2P14&P15COME AND EAT HERE (2)The next day Wang Pengwei’s restaurant was nearly fulland he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his livingafter all and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. Hesmiled .But the smile left his face22when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glaredat him as she moved roundthe customers. ,May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday? I thought you were a new customer and now I find you cameonly to spy on me and my menu,‖she shouted. ―Please excuse me,‖ he calmly explained,―Iwanted to know where all my customers had gone yesterday. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don‘t want to upsetyou but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and startedadvertising the benefits of my food. Why don‘t you sit down and try a meal?‖Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola. When they were served the ice cream Yong Hui began to look ill. ―I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,‖she said,―I miss my vegetables and fruit.‖Wang Pengwei was just enjo ying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.―yes,‖he added,―and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. But don‘t you tired quickly?‖―Well, now you mention it. I do have to rest a lot, ‖admitted Yong Hui. ―But don‘t you think it would bebetter if you were a bit thinner?‖ she asked Wang Pengwei. ―I‘m sure you would feel much healthier.‖23They began chatting about menus and balanced diets. ―My researchhas shown me that neither your restaurantnor mine offers a balanced diet,‖explained Pengwei,―I don‘toffer enough fibre and you don‘t offer enoughbody–building or energy–giving foods. Perhaps we ought tocombine our menus and provide a balanced menu with foods full of energy and fibre. ‖So that is what they did ,They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them .Then they served fresh fruit with ice cream. In this way they cut down thefat and increased the fibre in the meal. Their balanced menus becamesuch a success that before long Wang Pengwei became slimmer and Yong Hui heavier. After some time the found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one .Finally they got married and lived happily ever after!B3U2P52-53THE TOWN HAS TO DECIDE(At the meeting that evening there are two speakers: one for and one against building a McDonald‘s restaurant.)FOR BUILDING A MCDONALD‘SI was excited when I heard that our community(社区) was24to have its own McDonald‘s restaurant. I thought about allthose young people who would not have to go to the next town to buy their favourite burgers and chips. McDonald‘scares about healthy eating too and works with scientists to provide food that is of high quality,safe and healthy. It is also cheap .They often provide salads as well as burgers and chips. You can also choose between cola and milk shakes(奶昔). Of course it also means more work for our area that needs jobs badly. McDonald‘s say they are interested indoing what is right for the community and being a good neighbour. So I think they will be concerned about providing parking for the cars in our main street. Many of our young people will be only too happy to workfor it. They make a promise to the people that work for them. They say,―Wevalue you, your growing skills and your help to the company.‖I can see nothing but good if this company comes to build its restaurant in our town.AGAINST BUILDING A MCDONALD‘SI am very worried about McDonald‘s building arestaurant in our hometown. We are a small community and we enjoy our local d ishes. I am not sure if McDonald‘s foodis as healthy as they say in their advertisements. When25scientists look at it carefully they find high levels of fat,sugar相关热词搜索:必修人教版课本高中英语电子人教版五年级英语课本人教版五下英语课本26。