历年月英语词汇学真题和标准答案(-)

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全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案练习

全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在卷子上无效。

卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。

2.第—局部为选择题。

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3.第二局部为非选择题。

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4.合理安排答题空间。

超出答题地域无效。

第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1.Of all the characteristics listed for the basic word stock the most important is____.A.all national characterB. collocabilityC. stabilityD. productivity2.Which of the following words is NOT one of the aliensA.Kowtow.B.Bazaar.C.Mother tongue.D.Status quo.3.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.A word is the smallest form of a language.B.A word is a sound unity.C.A word has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.4.The language used between 1150 and____is called Middle English.A. 1250B.1500C.1850D.17005.The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ____.A. LatinB.GreekC.RussianD.Spanish6. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the words of French originA. Skirt.B.State.C.Roast.D.Crime.7.Which of the following words does NOT have a suffixA.Northward.B. Snowy.C. Happy.D. Worker.8.Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Which of the following words does NOT have a derivational affixA. Reread.B. Prewar.C. Postwar.D. Postcard.9.How many free morphemic words are there in the following words: wind, man, reddish, collectionA. 1B.2C.3D.410.Which of the following words contains a number prefixA. Amoral.B. Disunite.C.Antiwar.D. Bicycle.11.Which of the following words is an example of blendingA. Smog.B. Sandwich.C.Quake.D. NATO.12.The verbal phrase “fall down〞can be turned into a noun compound as____.A. falling downB. downfallC.fall-downD. fallen-down13.The following words are onomatopoetically motivated words EXCEPT ____.A. bangB. miniskirtC.quackD. hiss14.The word “mother〞is often associated with “love〞，“care〞，“tenderness〞，“forgiving〞，etc. In this sense, the word “mother〞conveys____.A. connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning15.Which of the following statements is trueA.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listenerattitude towards the person or thing in question.D.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.16.Words are____symbols and independent identities so far as their outer facet — spelling and pronunciation, is concerned.A. arbitraryB. clearC.traditionalD.cultural17.When a word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning, which is called the primary meaning. Which of the following is the primary m eaning of the word “face〞？A. A surface of a thing.B. The topography (of an area).C. The front of the head.D. Outward aspect.18.“Comprehend〞and “understand〞are synonyms, but “understand〞is used in a much more extended sense than “comprehend〞. The above example shows there is difference in ____between near-synonyms.A. denotationB. connotationC.applicationD. implication19.Word-meaning changes by the following modes EXCEPT____.A. narrowingB. broadeningC.transferD. elevation20.The word “journ al〞originally meant mere “daily paper〞，but now has come to include any “periodical〞. The above example reflects one type of changes in word meaning,that is，____.A. extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD. elevation21.Which of the following is one of the linguistic factors that cause the change of meaningA. Social classes.B. Scientific discovery.C. Psychological motives.D. Analogy.22.The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call____context.A. lexicalB.grammaticalC.structuralD. non-linguistic23.Ambiguity often arises due to____，as is shown in the sentence “He is a hard businessman"，in which “hard〞can mean both “hardworking〞and “difficult〞.A. polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD. antonymy24.The context clue used in “It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts ofa computer commonly known as ‘silicon chip’〞is____.A. definitionB.explanationC. exampleD. relevant details25.Which of the following is NOT one type of figures of speechA. Addition.B.Personification.C. Euphemism,D. Metaphor.26.Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom “bag and baggage〞？A. Rhyme.B. Alliteration.C. Juxtaposition.D. Synecdoche.27.The change in the idiom “take short views〞from the origin al form “take long views〞is____.A. dismemberingB.position-shiftingC. replacementD. shortening28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionariesA.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C.A Chinese-English Dictionary.D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary,29.Readers will usually find the following areas of information of a word in a general dictionary EXCEPT____.A. difference with its synonymsB. definitionC. pronunciationD. usage30.American dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster’s Phoneti c Alphabet非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析总分：102分题量：51题一、单选题（共51题，共0分）1.“Woman”becomes“Frau”inGerman,“femme”inFrenchand“fùnǔ”inChinese.Thisexampleshowsthatindifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanbe representedbydifferent______.A.soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析2.Thefollowingwordsofthebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsandphe nomenaoftheworldaroundusEXCEPT______.A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析3.Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationan dspelling.WhichofthefollowingwordscomesfromChinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析4.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofthelanguagesofthefollowingE XCEPT______.A.EuropeB.theFarEastC.IndiaD.theNearEast正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析5.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainsourcesofnewwordsinthepresent-d ayEnglishvocabulary?A.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.B.Social,economicandpoliticalchangesC.Theinvasionofforeigncountries.D.Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析6.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthefollowingchannelsEXCEPT___ ___.A.creationB.borrowingC.semanticchangeD.lexicalchange正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析7.Howmanymonomorphemicwordsarethereinthefollowingwords?catsbossworkim propertriedA.1B.2C.3D.4正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析8.Amongthefollowingwords,“______”doesNOThaveinflectionalaffixes.A.likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析9.WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOThavesuffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析10.Amongthefollowingwords,“______”containsanegativeprefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析11.Fromtheviewpointofwordformation,theword“smog”isa______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析12.Whichofthefollowingispartiallyconverted?A.AwhiteB.AdrunkC.ThepoorD.Finals正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析13.Onecanfigureoutthemeaningof“airmail”tobe“mailbyair”byits______.A.onomatopoeicmotivationB.morphologicalmotivationC.semanticmotivationD.etymologicalmotivation正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析14.Whenareadercomesacrosstheword“home”inhisreading,thewordmayremindhimofhis“family,friends,warmth,safety,etc.”Inthissense,theword“home”conveys______.A.connotativemeaningB.stylisticmeaningC.affectivemeaningD.collocativemeaning正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsandstylistic featuresofwords.B.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,associativemeaningisunstableandindeterminat e.C.Affectivemeaningindicatesthelistener’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestionD.Collocationcannotaffectthemeaningofwords.正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析16.Wordsthatareidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaningar ecalled______.A.perfecthomonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析17.ThedifferencesbetweensynonymsexistinthefollowingareasEXCEPT______.A.denotationB.connotationC.referenceD.application正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析18.“Apple,pear,peach,orange,lemon,etc.”makeupthe______of“fruit”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinatetermD.semanticfield正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析19.______ofmeaningisaprocessbywhichawordthatoriginallyhadaspecialized meaninghasnowbecomegeneralized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析20.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheextra-linguisticfactorsthatcausech angesinmeaning?A.Culturalreason.B.HistoricalreasonC.ClassreasonD.Psychologicalreason正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析21.Theword“minister”originallymeant“aservant”,butnowhaschangedto “aheadofaministry”.Thisprocessofmeaningchangeiscalled______.A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析22.Ingrammaticalcontext,themeaningofawordmaybeinfluencedbythe______in whichitoccurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析23.Thereisanambiguityinthesentence“Heisahardbusinessman”dueto______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析24.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecontextclues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析25.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?A.Thepartofspeechofeachelementinanidiomisveryimportant.B.Theconstituentsofidiomscaneplaced.’tberC.Thewordorderinanidiomcan’tbechanged.D.Anidiomfunctionsasoneword.正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析26.Idiomsnominalinnaturehavea(n)______asthekeywordineachandfunctionas anouninsentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析27.Lexicalmanipulationisoneaspectoftherhetoricalfeaturesofidioms.Thef ollowingEXCEPT______belongtolexicalmanipulation.A.alliterationB.reiterationC.repetitionD.juxtaposition正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析28.OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary’,3rdEdition(1980),isamongthebest -knownBritish______dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析29.Generally,adictionarycoversthefollowingcontentsEXCEPT______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntacticalrules正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析30.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987)hassomeuniquefeatures suchasdefinition,extracolumnand______.A.pronunciationB.grammarcodesageexamplesnguagecodes正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析31.Theprofessorworkedfor7hoursata________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong正确答案：A本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。

12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。

13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。

14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。

15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。

三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。

19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。

五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。

（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。

(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案

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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
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词汇学试卷及答案

词汇学试卷及答案1.With the（）of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. [单选题] *A.exhibition(正确答案)B.exceptionC.exceptD.reception2.Although the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a （）speed. [单选题] *A.spareB.fast(正确答案)C.moderateD.moral3.All the memories of his childhood had（） from his mind by the time he was 65. [单选题] *A.fadedB.illustratedfined(正确答案)D.concerned4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a （） under it without modern technology. [单选题] *A.canal(正确答案)B.tunnelC.channelD.cable5.The （） is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. [单选题] *A. beanB.beam(正确答案)C.bakeD.battery6.When making modern cameras , people began to （）plastics for metal. [单选题] *A. surroundB.substanceC.stretch(正确答案)D.substitute7.With the help of the government , a large number of people ---（）after the flood in 1991. [单选题] *A. survived(正确答案)B.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected8.He always has a lot of （） ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. [单选题] *A. novelB.spoilC.acceptable(正确答案)D.additional9.Please be serious. I am not （）. You should consider it carefully [单选题] *A. sortingB.jokingC.countingparing(正确答案)10.We do not have a （） school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . [单选题] *A. continue(正确答案)B.bayC.assistanceD.graduate11.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the （）government, not by each state. [单选题] *A. federal(正确答案)B.figureC.scientific12.He works in our university as a visiting （）, not as a formal faculty member. [单选题] *A. traditional(正确答案)B.scholarC.nurseD.pilot13.When you fill in the application form, please use your （） address so that we can contact you easily later. [单选题] *A. policyB.plain(正确答案)C.permanentD.principal14.John （） to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. [单选题] *A. pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts(正确答案)15.We can not trust him any more because he often （）his duty. [单选题] *A. owes(正确答案)B.spoilsD.neglects16.In order to increase our output, we need to import more production （）. [单选题] *A. facilitiesB.hens(正确答案)C.votesD.artists17.When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s（）. [单选题] *A. surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent(正确答案)18.This river forms a natural （） between China and Korea. [单选题] *A. boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone(正确答案)19.She is already 16years old. But she （）_as if she were still a little girl. [单选题] *A. believes(正确答案)B.absorbsD.behaves20.We are （） at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester. [单选题] *A. distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonished(正确答案)D.scored21.The doctors （） the medicines to the people in the flood area. [单选题] *A. distributed(正确答案)B.packedC.prayedD.undertook22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is （）, not foreign. [单选题] *A. domestic(正确答案)B.strainC.purchaseD.murder23.He tried to —（）relations with his former wife but he failed. [单选题] *A. measureB.maintain(正确答案)C.shelter24.He （） to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to finda better job. [单选题] *A. resolved(正确答案)B.resortedC.requestedD.reserved25.The （）work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy. [单选题] *A. researchB.rescue(正确答案)C.vesselD.vast26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have（）from the earth [单选题] *A. withdrawnB.vanished(正确答案)C.foundD.hung27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（） their plans for the new bicycle. [单选题] *A. countingC.elaborating(正确答案)D.casting28.Pine trees are usually believed to（） cold weather. [单选题] *A. guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure(正确答案)29.Free medical service is （） to nearly all the college students in China. [单选题] *A. favoriteB.available(正确答案)C.convenientD.average30.After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were （）. [单选题] *A. exhausted(正确答案)B.mountedC.wrappedD.restored31.The college students in China are （） from smoking on campus because this will do them no good. [单选题] *A. discouraged(正确答案)C.obeyedD.obtained32.Professor Smith is also the（） of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help. [单选题] *A. detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director(正确答案)33.We won’t allow any foreign country to （）in our internal affairs. [单选题] *A. devoteB.districtC.interfere(正确答案)D.wander34.We can not （） all the magazines together. [单选题] *A. routeB.drawC.threadD.bind(正确答案)35.What he said in the meeting （） everybody present. [单选题] *A. disgusted(正确答案)C.disposedD.eliminated36.Some lazy men would rather （） than work. [单选题] *A. indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve(正确答案)37.This boy was （） for what he had done in the class. [单选题] *A. scolded(正确答案)B.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed38.Some states in the United States （） people to carry guns. [单选题] *A. applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid(正确答案)39.Carelessness made him fall in his job （）. [单选题] *A.interview(正确答案)B.intentionD.stocking40.Sometimes it is very difficult to （） some of the English words. Even the native speaker can not help. [单选题] *A. decreaseB.createC.define(正确答案)D.delight41.Students with （） problems may apply for student loans. [单选题] *A.economicB.financial(正确答案)C.maleD.economical42.Both sugar and salt can （）in water. [单选题] *A.desertB.absorbC.dissolve(正确答案)D.involve43.I have not heard anything from him since his （）. [单选题] *A.departure(正确答案)B.faultD.acciptance44.Without a proper education, people could （） all kinds of crimes. [单选题] *A.conductB.stoopmit(正确答案)D.sweat45.Several loudspeakers are （） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly. [单选题] *A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended(正确答案)46.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his （） at last because he could not stand any more. [单选题] *A.temper(正确答案)B.terrorC.verseD.contain47.It is not --（） for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research. [单选题] *A. continuousB.difficultC.convenient(正确答案)D.sufficient48.When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better take a （） with you in case you get lost. [单选题] *pass(正确答案)pressplseD.campus49.As a teacher, you should not （） the students from asking questions in class. [单选题] *A.ruinB.restrain(正确答案)C.importD.impose50.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not （） to call me for help [单选题] *A.hesitate(正确答案)B.despairC.urgeD.request51. This kind of medicine has the power to （）poison. [单选题] *A.splashB.resist(正确答案)C.adoptD.occupy52. He is easily （） so I do not like to talk with him. [单选题] *A.defendedB.affordedC.createdD.offended(正确答案)53.I am （） to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again. [单选题] *A.inclined(正确答案)B.puzzledC.accompaniedD.performed54.Before you mail this letter, you should check again whether you have （） it or not. [单选题] *A.sunkB.sighedC.soughtD.sealed(正确答案)55.After talking for nearly ten hours, he （） to the government’s pressure at last. [单选题] *A.expressedB.yielded(正确答案)C.decreasedD.approved56.My hands and feet were （） with cold as I waited for the bus. [单选题] *A. cliffB.stillC.stiff(正确答案)D.stick57.This problem is beyond his ability and he can not （） it. [单选题] *A.slipB.packC.gainD.solve(正确答案)58.When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the （） ones from the authorized dealer. [单选题] *A.genuine(正确答案)B.generousC.geniusD.gentle59.If you use （）, you can get a higher quality picture. [单选题] *A.waxB.shameC.gooseD.slides(正确答案)60.Who（） this country, the people or the president? This question is not easy to answer. [单选题] *A.frightensB.differsC.displayserns(正确答案)。

词汇学考试历年习题及答案(选集)

A B（）1．Ultr- A. backformation（）2．burgle B. initialism（）3．pop C. transfer of sensation（）4．clear-sounding D. before（）5．VOA E. brim (water’s edge—the top edge of a cup) （）6．fore- F. mistress（）7．degradation G. succeed（）8．kick the bucket H. clipping（）9．extension I. die（）10．make it J. extreme1~5:JAHCB 6~10:DFIEGA B11.Scandinavian（） A. mill（place where things are made）12.Germanic（） B. grammatical13.extension（） C. double meaning14.narrowing（） D. Swedish15.linguistic（） E. comprehend/understand16.ambiguity（） F. Dutch17.participants（） G. determined18.difference in denotation（） H.pigheaded19.appreciative（） I.non-linguistic20.pejorative（） J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）11~15:DFAJB 16~20:CIEGHStudy the following words or expressions and identify 1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms;5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations.1．ball, ball (Old English, old French(origins of homonyms)）2．a hard businessman （Polysemy）3．friend or foe （Old English）4．miniskirt （Morphologically motivated）5．an attractive ball （Homonymy）6．lie –distort the fact（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）7．occupation-walk of life（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）8．coffee （Modern English）9．mother (love, care) （Connotation）10．enrich (Middle English）Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of boundmorphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.1.predict（bound root ）2.motel（ (head+tail)blinding）3.potatoes（ inflectional affix/morpheme）4.blueprint（ adjective+noun）5.preliminaries（ full conversion）6.Southward（ suffix）7.demilitarize（ reversative prefix）8.hypersensityve（prefix of degree ）9.retell（prefix ）10.multi-purposes（number prefix ）Define the following terms1.loan words2.specialized dictionary3.conversion4.lexical context5. amelioration6. semantic change (referring to modes of vocabulary development)7. compounding8. synonyms9. grammatical context10. phrasal verbs1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan or simply borrowing.2.It is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena.It concentrates exclusively on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usages in language, and special subjects like architecture, engineering, gardening and literature.3.It is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.4.It refers to the lexical items that co-occur with the word in question.The meaning of the word is often sffected and defined by the neighboring words.5.It refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.6.It means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.7.It is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases.8.One of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.9.In some cases, the meanings of a polysemant may be influenced by the syntactic structure in which it occurs.10.A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and an adverb or preposition, for example ’shut up’ or ’look after’, which together have a particular meaning 1．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.2．Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?3. What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?4. Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s) in the word “internationalist”.5. Explain the difference between initialisms and acronyms with the examplewords VOA, AIDS, N-bomb, UFO, CORE, ID.6. Arrange each of the following groups of synonyms according to their degree ofintensity, from the weakest to the strongest.1) astonish, amaze, surprise2) pardon, forgive, excuse3) genius, ability, talent4) sadness, grief, sorrow5) pleasure, rapture, delight7. What are the three major functions of context?1.Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morpheme or morphemes to from words.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.2.Because most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in a given context.3.Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.It is usually constant and relatively stable.Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning.It is open-ended and indeterminate.4.A stem is a part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.Stems: nation, national, international.5.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, hence the name. For example VOA,UFO,ID.Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS, CORE,N-bomb.6. 1) surprise-amaze-astonish 2)pardon-excuse-forgive 3) ability-talent-genius 4) sadness-sorrow-grief 5)pleasure-delight-rapture7.Elimination of ambiguity; indication of referents; provision of clues for inference of word meaning.Analyze and comment on the following.1. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.2．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.3. Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the two sub-categories of affective meaning.A) Knowledge of inequality has stimulated envy, ambition and greed.B) One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.4. What characteristic of antonyms does the following pairs of sentences demonstrate?A) How tall is his brother?B) How short is his brother?1.I agree with this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now been used in daily life.For example jump means ’just’ ,vulgar means ’common’, and rival means ’partner’ in Hamlet.2.Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects,i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associative meanings. Synonyms of this type are interchangeable in every way. Absolute synonyms are rare in natural languages and restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as word-building-word formation in lexicology. Relative synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. Take change-alter-vary for example. To change a thing is to put another thing in its place; to alter a thing is to make it different from what it was before; to vary a thing is to alter it in different manner and at different times.3.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. The appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are usually brought out in context.In sentence A, ambition conveys a pejorative meaning, along with the other two word s ’envy’ and ’greed’; while in sentence B, the word ambition is used in good sense, showing approval, along with the words ’works hard’.4.Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. Some pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively, on the grounds that one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the marked term is found in that of the unmarked.So far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A is inclusive.The use of tall does not exclude the possibility of his brother being very short. But sentence B is much more restricted in meaning and is considered abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in the shortness of his brother or curious enough to find how short his brother is.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1. Newly-created words or expressions in English vocabulary, such as AIDS and E-mail are called neologisms.2. In modern times, borrowings brings less than ten percent of modern English vocabulary from other languages.3. In the words prewar, bloody, impossible, pre-, -y, im- are called derivational affixes.4. Compounds differ from phrases in three aspects: phonetic, semantic, and grammatical features.5. The sense of an expression is not a thing, so it is difficult to say what sort of identity it is. For example, and, if, yes don’t refer to anything in the world, but all have meaning.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meaning of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach.7. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.8. The extra-linguistic context may be extended to embrace the entire culture background, which may also affect the meaning of words.9. The main body of a dictionary is its definitions of words.10. All sentence idioms are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.11．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the morpheme.12．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.13．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of time.14．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.15．Relative synonyms also called near-synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called old English.ELD is a monolingual dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river", the word "mouth" is semantically motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is extralinguistic context.。

历年4月英语词汇学真题和答案(2008-2011)

全国2008年4月历年自考英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes thestatement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B1. Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （）A. use frequencyB. notionC. productivityD. origin2. Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （）A. terminologyB. jargonC. slangD. neologisms3. Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following. （）A. SkirtB. DressC. ModelD. Status4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? （）A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contribute to the growth of English vocabularyC. The word cloak is of French origin.D. Modern English is a synthetic language.5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （）A. ante-B. -ced-C. -dentD. -ent6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （）A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. back-formation7. Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （）A. connotative meaningB. lexical meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.C. Allomorph.D. Variation.9. Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English?（）A. Deer.B. Cattle.C. Sheep.D. Bird.10. When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （）A. semantic motivationB. degradationC. ambiguityD. extension11. Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.A. contextB. semantic unityC. structural stabilityD. stylistic feature12. Idioms manifest such rhetorical features as the following except______. （）A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. literary expressionsD. figures of speech13. According to its grammatical functions, idioms can be classified into five groups. The idiom “heart and soul”belongs to ______. （）A. idioms nominal in natureB. idioms adjectival in natureC. idioms verbal in natureD. idioms adverbial in nature14. The main body for a dictionary is ______ of words. （）A. spellingsB. pronunciationsC. definitionsD. grammar15. Readers can’t fi nd pronunciation or meaning in ______. （）A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English DictionaryD. Collins COBUILD English Language DictionaryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative16. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ________ morphemes.17. The chief function of ________ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.18. “Pavement”in British English and “sidewalk”in American English have the same ________.19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other opposite III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 ) types of meanings;2) types of motivations; 3) types of dictionaries; 4) origins of English and 5) types of sense relations. (10%)21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.HA B( )21. queer, odd A. onomatopoetically motivated( )22. surplus value B. subordinate hyponymy( )23. miaow C. specialized dictionary( )24. CED D. Greek( )25. hard disk, CPU etc. —computer E. polysemy( )26. technology F. semantically motivated( )27. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs G relative synonym( )28. The pen is mightier than the sword. H. conceptual meaning( )29. gay-joyous, brilliant and homosexual I. bilingual dictionary( )30. home/dwelling place J. GermanIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of context; 2) types of word formation; 3) causes of meaning change; 4 ) types of bound morphemes underlined. (10%)31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason32. derivational affix/prefix33. extra-linguistic context34. derivational affix/prefix35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason40. compounding31. boob-head-one who returns too often to jail (32. ascendant (33. look out/look out (34. descend ( )35. telequiz ( )36. landlord (in English vs. in Chinese) ( )37. a coloured nail/a copper nail ( )38. tolerance ( )39. churl-bad people ( )40. stockholder ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. creation (as a mode of vocabulary development)42. free morphemes43. collocative meaning44. concatenation45. grammatical context41．Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.VI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)2008年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题答案及评分参考Ⅰ Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)每小题2分1.A2.C3.A4.D5.B6.B7.B8.B9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.BⅡ Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)每小题2分，答错不给分，拼写错误最多给0.5分。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案测评

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2.第—局部为选择题。

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3.第二局部为非选择题。

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超出答题地域无效。

第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stockA.All national character.B. Productivity.C. Stability.D. Terminology.2.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.B.Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.C.Words may fall into loan-words and notional words by the degree of assimilation.D.Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.3.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaningA.There is intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning.B.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.4.In the Western set,____is the modern language derived from Hellenic.tinB. GreekC. RussianD. Spanish5.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the English vocabularyA.English is more closely related to German than French.B.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D.In Early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is____.A. from 55B.C. to 410 B. from 450 to 1150C. from 1150 to 1500D. from 1500, then up to now7.Which of the following words does NOT have inflectional affixesA. Happier.B. Worker.C. Harder.D. Taller.8.The word “idea listic〞comprises____morpheme(s).A.1B.2C.3D.49.Which of the following words is NOT a stemA. Nation.B. National.C. International.D. Internationalists.10.The word “sandwich〞now denotes a popular fast food. It originates from John Montague, Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sources of English vocabulary is____.A. compoundB. proper nounsC. back-formationD. conversion11.Which of the following words is the example of blendingA. Motel.B. Sandwich.C. Flu.D.AIDS.12.Which of the following words is NOT a noun compoundA. Moon walk.B. Ten-storey.C. Outbreak.D. Up-bringing.13.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called____.A. onomatopoeic motivationB. morphological motivationC. semantic motivationD. etymological motivation14.a) They chucked a stone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot,b) After casting a stone at the police, they absconded with the money.The above two sentences have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in____meaning.A. connotativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocative15.____meaning indicates the speaker's attitude towards the person or thing in questions.A. ConceptualB. StylisticC. AffectiveD. Denotative16.Words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are____.A.homographsB. homophonesC. perfect homonymsD. hyponyms17.Words “change〞，“alter〞and “vary〞are similar in denotation，but embrace different shades of meaning. They are____.A. absolute synonymsB. complete synonymsC. full synonymsD. relative synonyms18.Words like “red, orange, yellow, green，black，etc.〞make up the____of “colours〞.A. synonymsB.hyponymsC. sense relationsD.semantic field19.V ocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and____.A. pronunciationB.contentC. spellinge20.The meaning of the word “criticize〞has changed from “apprais e〞to “find fault with〞. Such a change is called____.A. elevationB.generalizationC. extensionD.degradation21.The word “meat〞originally meant ‘‘food’，，but now has come to mean “flesh of animals〞. This is an example to illustrate____of meaning.A. generalizationB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevation22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.A. structureB. sentenceC. phraseD. clause23.The word “do〞means “brush〞in “do one’s teeth〞，while it means “arrange〞in “do the flowers〞.The above example shows that____affects the meaning of a word.A. lexical contextB. grammatical contextC. non-linguistic contextD. structural context24.Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of contextA.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Formation of ambiguity.D. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.25.Which of the following is NOT one of the variations of idiomsA. Repetition.B. Dismembering,C. Addition.D. Shortening.26 .“Thr ough thick and thin〞is a(n)____.A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in natureC. sentence idiomD. adverbial idiom in nature27.There is a____in the idiom “by hook and by crook〞as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.A. simileB. reiterationC. repetitionD. rhyme28.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known____dictionary.A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic29.When we choose a dictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT____.A. unabridged or abridgedB. British or AmericanC. early or lateD. monolingual or bilingual30.Which of the following is NOT true about a Chines e-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)A.The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.B.The new edition revised some old entries.C.The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries,D.The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

历年月英语词汇学真题和标准答案（-）

历年月英语词汇学真题和标准答案（-）历年4月英语词汇学真题和答案(2008-2011)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2全国2008年4月历年自考英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes thestatement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B1. Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （）A. use frequencyB. notionC. productivityD. origin2. Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （）A. terminologyB. jargonC. slangD. neologisms3. Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following. （）A. SkirtB. DressC. ModelD. Status4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? （）A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contribute to the growth of English vocabularyC. The word cloak is of French origin.D. Modern English is a synthetic language.5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （）A. ante-B. -ced-C. -dentD. -ent6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （）A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. back-formation7. Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （）A. connotative meaningB. lexical meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.C. Allomorph.D. Variation.9. Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English?（）A. Deer.B. Cattle.C. Sheep.D. Bird.10. When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （）A. semantic motivationB. degradationC. ambiguityD. extension11. Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.A. contextB. semantic unityC. structural stabilityD. stylistic feature12. Idioms manifest such rhetorical features as the following except______. （）A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. literary expressionsD. figures of speech13. According to its grammatical functions, idioms can be classified into five groups. The idiom “heart and soul”belongs to ______. （）A. idioms nominal in natureB. idioms adjectival in natureC. idioms verbal in natureD. idioms adverbial in nature14. The main body for a dictionary is ______ of words. （）A. spellingsB. pronunciationsC. definitionsD. grammar15. Readers can’t find pronunciation or meaning in ______.（）A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English DictionaryD. Collins COBUILD English Language DictionaryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative16. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ________ morphemes.17. The chief function of ________ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.18. “Pavement”in British English and “sidewalk”in American English have the same ________.19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other opposite III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 ) types of meanings;2) types of motivations; 3) types of dictionaries; 4) origins of English and 5)types of sense relations. (10%)21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.HA B( )21. queer, odd A. onomatopoetically motivated( )22. surplus value B. subordinate hyponymy( )23. miaow C. specialized dictionary( )24. CED D. Greek( )25. hard disk, CPU etc. —computer E. polysemy( )26. technology F. semantically motivated( )27. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs G relative synonym( )28. The pen is mightier than the sword. H. conceptual meaning( )29. gay-joyous, brilliant and homosexual I. bilingual dictionary( )30. home/dwelling place J. GermanIV . Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of context; 2) types of word formation; 3) causes of meaning change; 4 ) types of bound morphemes underlined. (10%)31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason 32. derivational affix/prefix 33. extra-linguistic context 34. derivational affix/prefix 35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context 38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason 40. compounding31. boob-head-one who returns too often to jail ( ) 32. ascendant( )33. look out/look out ( ) 34. descend ( ) 35. telequiz( ) 36. landlord (in English vs. in Chinese) ( ) 37. a coloured nail/a copper nail ( ) 38. tolerance( ) 39. churl-bad people ( ) 40. stockholder()V . Define the following terms. (10%)41. creation (as a mode of vocabulary development) 42. free morphemes 43. collocative meaning 44. concatenation 45. grammatical context41．Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains. 45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.VI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason32. derivational affix/prefix 33. extra-linguistic context 34. derivational affix/prefix 35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context 38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason 40. compounding46. What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point46. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分) Suffixes generally change the word class.(1分) For example, “economy” is a verb, but “employer” becomes a noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem “employ”.(1分)47. What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English ?1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分)2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature;(1分) 3）subfields also included;(0.5分)4）semantically related words defining one another(0.5分)48. Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words tochange in meaning.. pig/pork, sheep/mutton(1分)In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.(2分)VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. ( 18 % )49. Explain the meaning of the phrase “a laconic answer”, using the theory of motivation.Laconic is derived from Lacons (1分), a tribe of people who were known for their “brevity of speech” (2分) and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. (2分) So laconic m eans “brief or short” (1分)，which is etymologically motivated.(1分) “A laconic answer” thus is “a short answer”.(1分)50. Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom, 2) explain its origin, and 3) comment onthe use.David’s head was in the to ol-box, but his voice was heard saying, “T oo many cooks, better let me.”1）“too many cooks”, from “Too many cooks spoil the broth”. (3分)2）In the situation of disorder or chaos, when everyone tries to direct, the speaker manages to control the situation. (2分) 3）The use of the short form indicate the informal situation. (2分)4）This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues. (1分)2008年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题答案及评分参考Ⅰ Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)每小题2分1.A2.C3.A4.D5.B6.B7.B8.B9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.BⅡ Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book.(10%)每小题2分，答错不给分，拼写错误最多给0.5分。

词汇学考试题及答案

1.give the definition of the lexicology.2. give the definition of the word3. what are the main three types of word formation and the main features of the three types?4. what are they characteristics of the English idioms?5. what do you think of the course: English lexicology.第一题Lexicology is a branch of linguistics inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. (WNWD)English lexicology is a subbranch of linguistics. But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. Morphology: the branch of grammar, studies the structure or form of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.Etymology: traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Semantics: the study of meanings of different linguistics levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.Stylistics: the study of style, concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.Lexicography: record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference. (Edit a dictionary).第二题The definition of a word comprises the following points:(1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.第三题The most productive word formations are affixations, compounding and conversion. The rest of new words come from shortening including clipping and acronymy, together with words born out of blending and other means. While applying the rules, we should remember that there are always exceptions.1. AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, the words formed in this way are called derivations.1.1 Prefixation. It is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature.Negative prefixes: a-, dis-, in- (il-, ir-, im-), non-, un-.Reversative prefixes: de-, dis-, un-.Pejorative prefixes: mal-, mis-, pseudo-.Prefixes of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-,mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-, under-.Prefixes of orientation and attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-.Locative prefixes: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-.Prefixes of time and order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re-.Number prefixes: bi-, multi- (poly-), semi- (hemi-), tri-, uni- (mono-). Miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-.1.2 SuffixationIt is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. They mainly change the word class.Noun suffixes:a. Denominal nouns: Concrete: -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, - let; Abstract: -age, -dom, -ery, -ery (-ry), -hood, -ing, -sim, -ship.b. Deverbal nouns:To create nouns denoting people: -ant, -ee, -ent, -er (-or).To produce abstract nouns, denoting action, result, process, state, etc.: -age, -al, -ance, -ation (-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion), -ence, -ing, -ment.c. De-adjective nouns: -ity, -ness.d. Noun and adjective suffixes: can be used both as nouns and adjectives: -ese, -an, -ist.Adjective suffixes:a. Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y; -al (-ial, -ical), -esque, -ic, -ous (-eous, -ious).(Both –ic and –ical can be affixed to the same stem in some cases, but differ in meaning.)b. Deverbal suffixes: –able (-ible), -ive (-ative, -sive).Adverb suffixes: -ly, -ward(s), -wise.Verb suffixes: -ate, -en, - (i)fy, -ize (-ise).Some seemingly productive vogue affixes like –nik are still considered slang.2. CompoundingIt is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems, also called composition. Words formed in this way are called compounds.A compound is a ‘lexicology unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word’. They can be written solid, hyphenated and open.2.1 Characteristics of CompoundsOpen compounds are the same in form as free phrases. The difference:Phonetic features: In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element. Semantic features: Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatical features: A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2.2 Formation of CompoundsThe three major classes of compounds:Noun compounds: n+n; n+v; v+n; a+n; n+v-ing; v-ing+n; n+v-er; adv+v; v+adv; v-ing+adv; adv+v-ing.All of these patterns are more or less productive except the last two.Adjective compounds: n+v-ing; a+v-ing; n+a; a+a; n+v-ed; a (adv) +v-ed; n (a) +n-ed; num+n; num+n-ed; adv+v-ing; v-ed+adv.Very productive: n+v-ing, n+a, n+v-ed.Verb compounds.The limited number of verbs are created either through conversion or backformation.3. ConversionIt is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. This process is also known as functional shift.Conversion to NounVerb to noun: Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al: State (of mind or sensation); Event or activity; Result of the action; Doer of the action; Tool or instrument to do the action with; Place of action.Many simple nouns converted from verbs can be used with have, take, make, give etc. to form phrases to replace the verb or denote a brief action.Adjective to noun: Not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Words fully converted: They can be: common adjectives, participles and others. Words partially converted: This class generally refer to a group of the kind. Miscellaneous conversion: This covers nouns converted from conjunctions, models, finite verbs, prepositions, etc.Conversion to verbsA noun can be converted to a verb without any change. This is both economical and vivid.Noun to verb: ways: to put in or on N; to give N r to provide with N; to remove N from; to do with N; to be or act as N; to make or change into N; to send or go by N. Verbs of this type are all transitive except the last one.Adjective to verb: This is not as productive as that of nouns. They can be used either transitively to mean ‘to make…adjective’ or intransitively ‘to become adjective’. Verbs restricted to transitive use are still, forward, free, bare, blind and so on. Miscellaneous conversionIn some cases, conversion is accompanied by certain change: which affect pronunciation or spelling or stress distribution. The most common changes are: V oiceless to voiced consonant; Initial to end stress.第四题Idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements. In a broad sense, idiom may include colloquialisms（俗语）, Catchphrases（标语）,slang expressions （俚语）,proverbs（谚语）,etc. They form an important part of the English vocabulary.Characteristics of Idioms: Semantic Unity and Structured StabilitySemantic Unity: Being phrases or sentences, Idioms each consist of more than one word, but each is a semantic unity, e.g. keep in mind, take off. The semantic unity ofidioms is also reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning and the meaning of the idiom. For example, ‘How do you do’ does not mean ‘In what way do you do things’.Structural Stability: The structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable: the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced; the word order cannot be inverted or changed; the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to; many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.第五题English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study many usage examples. Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved.Lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology(形态学), semantics（语义学）, etymology（词源学）, stylistics（文体论）, lexicography（词典编撰）.Aims of the course1)Give a systematic description of the English vocabulary.2)Offer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary.3)Discuss the problems of word-structure and word-formation4)Study the use of English words , their meanings and changes in meaning, theirsense relations.The significance of the course1)Develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power(active vocabulary).2)Understand word-meaning and organize, classify and store words moreeffectively.3)Raise your awareness of meaning and usages, use words more accurately andappropriately.4)Develop your skills and habits of analyzing and generalizing linguisticphenomena in your learning experiences.5)Ultimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processingas well as language production.。

词汇学语言考试题及答案

词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。

答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案.txt I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose theone that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changingmeaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或 pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.有情芍药含春泪，无力蔷薇卧晓枝。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。

(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案

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3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
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4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
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5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )

月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题及答案

2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题I、Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1、Semantics is the study of different linguistic level: lexis syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.（ D ）A、relationsB、originsC、formsD、meanings2、The relationship between sound and meaning is because people of the same speech.（ B ）A、arbitraryB、conventionalC、symbolicD、fixed3、Which of the following belongs to the common core of the English language?（ A ）A、PolysemyB、TerminologyC、JargonD、Slang4、At the end of the 6th century Latin-speaking Roman missionaries spread Christianity and brought many terms such as abbot, candle, alter.（ D ）A、geographicalB、medicalC、artisticD、religious5、In the mid-seventeenth century, enabled English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.（ B ）A、the RenaissanceB、the growth of colonizationC、advances in science and technologyD、a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek classics6、New words like Mao jacket, kungfu, blank belt come into present-day English vocabulary due to .（ C ）A、social, economic and political and political changesB、an upsurge of learning ancient Roman classicsC、the influence of other cultures and languagesD、the rapid development of modern science and technology7、For the word idealistic, prisoner, individualist, only ideal, prison, individual are .（ A ）A、free morphemesB、bound morphemesC、functional wordsD、grammatical words8、For the word antecedent, -ced- is called a(n) .（ B ）A、free morphemeB、bound rootC、free rootD、affix9、There are inflectional affixes in the following words EXCEPT.（ C ）A、likesB、hardestC、hatredD、going10、Which of the following prefixes is a pejorative prefix?（ C ）A、a-(asleep)B、de-(de-compose)C、mal-(mal-practice)D、extra-(extra-strong)11、The prefixes bi-, multi-, semi- are prefixes.（ B ）A、miscellaneousB、numberC、locativeD、reversative12、Words like nylon, orlon are words from proper names, which were originally .（ D ）A、names of peopleB、names of placesC、names of booksD、trade names13、is the result of human recognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（ B ）A、ReferenceB、ConceptC、SenseD、Motivation14、The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning ismeaning.（ B ）A、grammaticalB、conceptualC、associativeD、affective15、The following are words of appreciative meanings EXCEPT.（ C ）A、famousB、determinedC、associativeD、affective16、Which of the following statements is true?（ A ）A、Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation.B、Homonyms mainly come from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.C、Homonyms are words whose meanings are closely related.D、Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling, but differ in sound and meaning.17、Horse, dog, pig are subordinates in relation to animal, which shows the sense relation of .（ D ）A、antoymyB、synonymyC、homonymyD、hyponymy18、Which of the following expressions does NOT use antonyms?（ C ）A、Easy come, easy go.B、More haste, less speed.C、Feed a cold and starve a fever.D、United we stand, divided we fall19、The word picture originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawing”and even “photograph”. This example shows of meaning.（ A ）A、extensionB、narrowingC、degradationD、transfer20、which of the following words has undergone elevation of meaning?（ B ）A、busybody: busy person – officious and meddlesome personB、naughty: wicked, bad, evil-not behaving properlyC、notorious: well-known-unfavorable well-knownD、voyage: journey-journey by water21、The meaning of clean-sounding has changed from “sight”to”hearing”. This example shows .（ B ）A、associated transferB、transfer of sensationsC、transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsD、transfer between subject and objective meanings22、Many familiar words have different meanings when they are used in different contexts.Study the following sentences carefully and decide in which sentence stage means “the theatre or acting as a profession”.（ C ）A、The union kept plans alive to stage new strikes.B、The scientists have added another stage to the rocket.C、Michael Jackson is a star of the stage, screen, and television.D、I believe in the national independence as the first stage of responsible self-government.23、I like Mary better than Jean.The above sentence has ambiguity due to .（ D ）A、polysemyB、homonymyC、antonymyD、grammatical structure24、is used as context clues in the flowing sentence:“Do get me a clop,”she said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a scornful glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.（ B ）A、HyponymyB、ExampleC、Word structureD、Definition25、When in a brown study is used as an idiom, brown cannot rereplaced by red, green, etc. This shows that .（ C ）A、many idioms are grammatically unanalysableB、the word order of idioms cannot be inverted or changedC、the structure of an idiom is a large extent unchangeableD、the consitituents of an idiom cannot be delete or added to26、The English idiom means “something that spoils the perfections of something”.（ D ）A、white elephantB、flesh and bloodC、an apple of discordD、fly in the ointment27、Which of the following idioms is NOT a phrasal verb?（ B ）A、look intoB、fall flatC、get away withD、put off28、Which of the following statements is NOT true?（ A ）A、Monolingual dictionaries are written in two languages.B、An unabridged dictionary is an unshortened one.C、Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the languageD、Special dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or knowledge29、The grammatical code [+obj v-ed] means .（ C ）A、verb+infinitiveB、verb+object+infinitiveC、verb+object+past+participleD、verb+object+clause with wh-30、Which of the following is NOT the proper Chinese equivalent for its English item?( C )A、吃软不吃硬——open to persuasion, but not to coercionB、布衣素食——coarse clothes and simple fareC、打小报告——be a reporterD、没词儿——be suck for an answerII、Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15%)31、Newly-created words or expressions in English vocabulary, such as AIDS and E-mail are called neologisms.323334353637383940proverbsincluding colloquialisms and catchphrases.III. Define the following terms. (15%)41、semantic change(referring to modes of vocabulary development)Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.42、compoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.43、synonymsSynonyms can be defines as words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning.44、grammatical contextIn some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context.45、phrasal verbsPhrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. And/or a particle.IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)46、Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s) in the word “internationalist”.A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. “nation, national, international, internationalist” are all stems.47、Explain the difference between initialisms and acronyms with the example words VOA, AIDS, N-bomb, UFO, CORE, ID.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, e.g. VOA, ID, UFO.A cronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, or formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second, e.g. AIDS, CORE,N-bomb.48、Arrange each of the following groups of synonyms according to their degree of intensity, from the weakest to the strongest.1) astonish, amaze, surprise2) pardon, forgive, excuse3) genius, ability, talent4) sadness, grief, sorrow5) pleasure, rapture, delight1) surprise, amaze, astonish2) excuse, pardon, forgive3) ability, talent, genius4) sadness, sorrow, grief5) pleasure, delight, rapture49. What are the three major functions of context?1) elimination of ambiguity2) indication of referents3) provision of clues for inferring word-meaningV. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)50、Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the two sub-categories of affective meaning.A)Knowledge of inequality has stimulated envy, ambition and greed.B)One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. Word of positive overtones are used to show appreciation or the attitude of approval, while those of negative connotations imply disapproval, contempt or criticism.The appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are usually brought out in context.In sentence A, ambition undoubtedly conveys a pejorative overtone, along with the other two words envy and greed, while in sentence B, the same word ambition is obviously used in good sense, showing approval on the part of the speaker, together with the words work hard.51、What characteristic of antonyms does the following pair of sentences demonstrate?A)How tall is his brother?B)How short is his brother?Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion, pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively. In many pairs we find one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the specific is included in that of the general, so far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A includes the meaning of sentence B. the use of tall does not exclude the possibility of his brother being short. But sentence B is much more restricted in sense and is considered semantically abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in the shortness of his brother.。

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历年4月英语词汇学真题和答案(2008-2011)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2全国2008年4月历年自考英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes thestatement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B1. Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （）A. use frequencyB. notionC. productivityD. origin2. Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （）A. terminologyB. jargonC. slangD. neologisms3. Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following. （）A. SkirtB. DressC. ModelD. Status4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? （）A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contribute to the growth of English vocabularyC. The word cloak is of French origin.D. Modern English is a synthetic language.5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （）A. ante-B. -ced-C. -dentD. -ent6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （）A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. back-formation7. Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （）A. connotative meaningB. lexical meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.C. Allomorph.D. Variation.9. Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English?（）A. Deer.B. Cattle.C. Sheep.D. Bird.10. When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （）A. semantic motivationB. degradationC. ambiguityD. extension11. Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.A. contextB. semantic unityC. structural stabilityD. stylistic feature12. Idioms manifest such rhetorical features as the following except______. （）A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. literary expressionsD. figures of speech13. According to its grammatical functions, idioms can be classified into five groups. The idiom “heart and soul”belongs to ______. （）A. idioms nominal in natureB. idioms adjectival in natureC. idioms verbal in natureD. idioms adverbial in nature14. The main body for a dictionary is ______ of words. （）A. spellingsB. pronunciationsC. definitionsD. grammar15. Readers can’t find pronunciation or meaning in ______.（）A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese TranslationB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English DictionaryD. Collins COBUILD English Language DictionaryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative16. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ________ morphemes.17. The chief function of ________ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.18. “Pavement”in British English and “sidewalk”in American English have the same ________.19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other opposite III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 ) types of meanings;2) types of motivations; 3) types of dictionaries; 4) origins of English and 5) types of sense relations. (10%)21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.HA B( )21. queer, odd A. onomatopoetically motivated( )22. surplus value B. subordinate hyponymy( )23. miaow C. specialized dictionary( )24. CED D. Greek( )25. hard disk, CPU etc. —computer E. polysemy( )26. technology F. semantically motivated( )27. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs G relative synonym( )28. The pen is mightier than the sword. H. conceptual meaning( )29. gay-joyous, brilliant and homosexual I. bilingual dictionary( )30. home/dwelling place J. GermanIV . Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of context; 2) types of word formation; 3) causes of meaning change; 4 ) types of bound morphemes underlined. (10%)31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason 32. derivational affix/prefix 33. extra-linguistic context 34. derivational affix/prefix 35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context 38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason 40. compounding31. boob-head-one who returns too often to jail ( ) 32. ascendant( )33. look out/look out ( ) 34. descend ( ) 35. telequiz( ) 36. landlord (in English vs. in Chinese) ( ) 37. a coloured nail/a copper nail ( ) 38. tolerance( ) 39. churl-bad people ( ) 40. stockholder()V . Define the following terms. (10%)41. creation (as a mode of vocabulary development) 42. free morphemes 43. collocative meaning 44. concatenation 45. grammatical context41．Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements. 42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains. 45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.VI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason32. derivational affix/prefix 33. extra-linguistic context 34. derivational affix/prefix 35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context 38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason 40. compounding46. What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point46. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分) Suffixes generally change the word class.(1分) For example, “economy” is a verb, but “employer” becomes a noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem “employ”.(1分)47. What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English ?1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分)2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature;(1分) 3）subfields also included;(0.5分)4）semantically related words defining one another(0.5分)48. Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words tochange in meaning.. pig/pork, sheep/mutton(1分)In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.(2分)VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. ( 18 % )49. Explain the meaning of the phrase “a laconic answer”, using the theory of motivation.Laconic is derived from Lacons (1分), a tribe of people who were known for their “brevity of speech” (2分) and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. (2分) So laconic m eans “brief or short” (1分)，which is etymologically motivated.(1分) “A laconic answer” thus is “a short answer”. (1分)50. Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom, 2) explain its origin, and 3) comment onthe use.David’s head was in the to ol-box, but his voice was heard saying, “Too many cooks, better let me.”1）“too many cooks”, from “Too many cooks spoil the broth”. (3分)2）In the situation of disorder or chaos, when everyone tries to direct, the speaker manages to control the situation. (2分)3）The use of the short form indicate the informal situation. (2分)4）This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues. (1分)2008年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题答案及评分参考Ⅰ Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)每小题2分1.A2.C3.A4.D5.B6.B7.B8.B9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.BⅡ Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)每小题2分，答错不给分，拼写错误最多给0.5分。