英美文学导论重点
英美文学重点总结 第一章
Introduction: Old and Medieval English Literature1. source of the rise and growth of English literature: the cultural influences of the Anglo-Sexons conquest and the Norman conquest.盎格鲁撒克逊征服与诺曼征服2. Old English literature: 450—1066medieval period in English literature: with the Norman Conquest starts,covers about 4 centurries,3. Beowulf主题分析:Beowulf,a typical example of Old English poetry,is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.4. In the second half of the 14th century,English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer (the greatest writer){Canterbury Tales}, William Langland (religious and social issues){Piers Plowman},John Gower (produces the best romance of the period){Sir Gawain and the Green Knight},and others.5. 骑士文学Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs(主题) of the quest,the test,the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.6. Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era to come.7. 乔叟,押尾韵及英雄双韵体.Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.And in The Canterbury Tales,Chaucer employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm toe the first time in the history of English literature.8. 最早的现代小说: Chaucer’s Troilous and CriseydeJohn Dryden called Chaucer “the father of English poetry”. The English Homer.Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1.RenaissanceIt refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th .It first started in Italy,with the flowering of painting,sculpture,and literature.The Renaissance,shich means rebirth or revival,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events.Therefore,in essence,it is a historical period in which the European hunanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England.2.HumanismRenaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection,and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question,explore,and enjoy.Thus,by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life,they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beautiful of this life,but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3.人文主义者代表(best English humanists): Thomas More, Chistopher Marloweand William Shakespeare.4.By the middle of Elizabeth’s reign,Protestantism had been firmly established,witha certain compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism.5.引进印刷术的英国第一人: William Caxton.印刷了The Canterbury Tales(Chaucer), Morte Darthur(Malory)6.Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers..7. Wyatt and Surrey engraved the forms and graces of Italian poetry. (Petrachan sonnet, blank verse)8.John Donne and George Herbert.(玄学派诗人)9. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.10.Lively,vivid native English material was put into the regular form of the Latincomedies of Plautus and Terence.Tragedies were in the style of Seneca.11. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance in England: Chistopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare,and Ben Jonson.12.Francis Bacon,the first important English essayist,was also the founder of modernscience inEngland.A.2 Shakespeare’s drama career:a.The first period,one of apprenticeship.5 histoty plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus.4 comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Tamingof the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.b.The second period,Shakespear’s style and approach became highlyindividualized.5 histories: Richard II, King John,Henry IV, Parts I, II, and Henry V.6 comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much AdoAbout Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor.2 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, and Julius Caesar.c.The third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies.Tragedies: Hamlet(most popular), Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanus.2 comedies: All’s Well That Ends Well and Measure for Measure.d.The last period of Shakespeare’s(there’s a prevalent Christian teaching ofatonement [赎罪] ) work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest.2 final place: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.A.3 历史剧:Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the priciple that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity. The first and second parts of Henry IV are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays.A.4 The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes(赞美)the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.A.5 四大悲剧的共性:(Greatest tragedies have some characteristic in common) Each portrays some noble hero,who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a dufficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero,we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense.A.6 The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.He affirms the importance of the feudal system in order to uphold social order. A.7 莎士比亚的学观Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature.He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. The end of the dramatic creation is to give faithful reflection of the social realities of the time. Shakespeare also states that literary words which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.A.8 莎士比亚的物刻画Shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types.Each character has his or her own personailities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.Shakespeare also protrays his characters in pairs.Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.A.9 莎士比亚的节设计Shakespeare’s plays are well-known for their adroit (巧妙的)plot constraction.He seldom invents his own plots.In order to play more lively and compact, he would shorten the time and intensify the story.A.10 莎士比亚的语言特色Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms.He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom.His coinage of new words and disortion of the meaning of the old ones also create stricking effects on the reader.B.1 米尔顿的三类文学成就Three groups:the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great poems.B.2 Lycidas(early period)Lycidas is composed for a collection of elegies dedicated to Edward King.It begins with grief and a feeling of immaturity; then the grief is deepen by the sense of irrecoverable loss in the silencing of a young poet.With this bitter sense of loss,Milton asks why the just and good should suffer.The climax of the poem is the blistering attack on the clergy,who are corrupted by self-interest.B.3 Areopagitica(middle period)is a great plea for freedom of the press.B.4 three major poetical works:Paradise lost, Pparodise regained and Samson AgonistesB.5 Paradise regained shows how mankind, in the person of Christ, withstands thetemper and is established once more in the divine favor. Crist’s temptation in the wilderness in the theme, and Milton follows the account in the fourth chapter of Matthew’s gospel(福音).B.6 米尔顿的艺术特色a. Milton’s style is distinguished by its rich and complex texture, the multiplicityof its classical references, its wealth of ornament and decoration.b. Milton’s subjects are lofty and magnificent. The theme of Samson Agonistes istragic and sublime.c. The great epic, which resounds with the grandear and multiplicity of the world,is also a poem, the central actions of which take place inwardly.d. Finally, his endinds are lifelike.13.玄学派诗人MetaphysicalIt refers to the school of poets that appeared in the Revolutionary period in England by using quite unconventional and often surprising conceits; the metaphysical poets wrote poems full of wit and humor. John Donne and Andrew Marvell are the representative metaphysical poets.14. 十四行诗SonnetIt is a basic lyric form, consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns. Milton made a new kind of use of the Petrarchan form, and the Romantic poets continued in the Miltonic tratition.。
《英美文学导论》教学大纲
《英美文学导论》教学大纲课程名称：英美文学导论说明一、课程性质：本课程为专业必修课。
二、教学目的和要求：通过文学史的简介，使学生了解英美文学各个历史时期的文学思潮、文学流派、主要作家及其主要作品。
通过作品选读教学，使学生能借助工具书阅读英文原著，并能归纳作品的主题思想，写作风格，写出读书报告。
通过课外学习，使学生的自学能力得到提高，为更广泛地进行课外阅读奠定基础。
三、教学原则和方法1、《英美文学导论》课以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导，使学生对英美文学有正确的认识和了解。
2、在教学过程中应注意以史为纲、文史结合；讲授宜简不宜繁，深入浅出，切忌支离破碎、博而寡要。
3、讲解作品时，除解决文字疑难问题外，还应对作品的背景知识、篇章结构、主题思想、写作风格、修辞手段等作简要介绍、分析与评论。
四、教学内容选取本课程所用教材为《英国文学史及选读》（第一、二册）和《美国文学史及选读》（第一、二册）(吴伟仁编, 外语教学与研究出版社，1990年8月)。
参考《新编英美文学概论》（庞好农、陈许等编, 汕头大学出版社，2001年7月）、《英美文学选读》（桂扬清、吴翔林编注，中国对外翻译公司出版，1985年6月）、《英国文学简史》（刘炳善，上海外语教育出版社，1993年4月）、《美国文学简史》（常耀信，南开大学出版社，1990年6月）和在教学过程中注意以史为纲、文史结合；所选作品力求题材广泛、难易适度、形式多样。
五、作业布置及考核形式每个单元学习后，要求学生整理出读书笔记，回答相关问题，并作讨论。
第五学期结束时要求学生写一篇书评，第六学期为闭卷考试。
大纲内容第五学期(总计34课时)第一章中世纪英国文学（2课时）贝奥武甫英国民谣乔叟及《坎特伯雷故事集》第二章文艺复兴时期英国文学（4课时）文艺复兴及人文主义英国文艺复兴、莫尔、马洛莎士比亚及十四行诗（第十八首）、《威尼斯商人》第三章启蒙运动时期英国文学（4课时）启蒙运动及相关背景斯威夫特及《格列佛游记》笛福及《鲁滨逊漂流记》第四章英国浪漫主义文学（8课时）托马斯·格雷及《墓园挽歌》布莱克及《伦敦》、《我听见天使在歌唱》彭斯及《一朵红红的玫瑰》华滋华斯及《孤独的割麦女》简·奥斯汀及《傲慢与偏见》雪莱及《致英国人民之歌》、《西风颂》第五章英国现实主义文学（8课时）狄更斯及《大卫·科波菲尔》（节选）萨克雷及《名利场》爱米莉·布朗特及《呼啸山庄》第六章二十世纪英国文学（8课时）哈代及《德伯家的苔丝》（节选）高尔斯华绥及《福尔赛世家》（节选）肖伯纳及《卖花姑娘》艾略特及《窗边的清晨》第六学期（32课时）第一章早期美国文学（2课时）布莱德斯吉特及《致我亲爱的丈夫》本杰明·富兰克林及《自传》第二章美国浪漫主义文学（6课时）欧文及《睡谷传奇》朗菲罗《生之礼赞》爱伦·坡及《爱纳贝尔·李》、《致爱伦》爱默生及《美国的学者》、《论自然》霍桑及《红字》第三章现实主义文学(8课时)惠特曼及《我听见美洲在歌唱》艾米莉·狄金森及《因为我不能停步等待死亡》、《成功的滋味》马克·吐温及《汤姆·索亚历险记》（节选）西奥多·德莱塞及《嘉丽妹妹》第四章美国现代主义文学（8课时）弗洛斯特及《未选择的路》、《雪夜林边停》庞德及《地铁站一瞥》奥尼尔及《鲸油》福克纳及《献给爱米莉的玫瑰》海明威及《永别了,武器》第五章二次世界大战以后的美国文学（8课时）塞林格及《麦田里的守望者》谭恩美及《两张车票》莫里森及《苏拉》学时分配建议根据教学计划的安排，《英美文学导论》在第五、六学期开设，每周2课时，共66课时。
大学英美文学导论教案
大学英美文学导论教案1. 引言1.1 概述本教案旨在介绍和讲解大学英美文学导论课程的重要内容和主题，为学生提供深入了解英美文学发展历程和经典作品的机会。
通过本课程的学习，学生将能够掌握英美文学史、重要作家与作品、文学流派等基本知识，拓展其对西方文化和文学艺术的认知。
1.2 文章结构本教案共分为引言、正文、第二章节、第三章节以及结论五个部分。
其中引言部分将简要介绍全文内容，并阐述教案编写的目的与意义。
接下来的正文部分将详细探讨该课程所包含的主要内容，包括不同时期、不同流派与不同作家的代表性作品。
第二章节和第三章节将具体列举出若干典型案例进行详细阐述，以助于学生更好地理解和欣赏相关作品。
最后，在结论部分简要总结本课程对于培养学生对英美文学的研究兴趣与批判思维能力方面的积极影响。
1.3 目的本教案的编写旨在引导学生深入研究英美文学，培养他们对于文学作品的理解能力和批判思维能力。
通过课程学习，学生将能够掌握英美文学发展的主要历程与背景，了解不同时期和流派的特点，并深入阐释英美文化对于全球文学影响的重要性。
同时，通过对经典作家与作品的研究，学生将拓展自己的文化视野，丰富自身人文素养。
此外，本课程还将培养学生的批判性思维和分析能力，使他们具备对文学作品进行评价和解读的能力。
以上是“1. 引言”部分内容，请根据需要进一步添加补充相关内容。
2. 正文在这一部分中，我们将介绍大学英美文学导论的具体内容和教学方法。
本课程旨在让学生对英美文学的发展历程、作家及其作品有一个整体的认识，并培养学生对文学作品的批判性思维和分析能力。
2.1 课程背景大学英美文学导论是一门重要的人文科学课程，旨在提供对英美文学经典作品及其背后的历史、社会背景、流派等方面进行深入了解和分析的机会。
通过对经典作品的研究，我们可以更好地理解人类文化与价值观念的演变过程。
2.2 教学目标在这门课上，我们将追求以下教育目标：a) 了解英美文学的发展历程及其主要特点；b) 分析并理解不同时期、不同流派及其代表性作品；c) 培养阅读和批判性思考能力；d) 培养写作和表达能力；e) 培养跨文化交流与合作意识。
英美文学导论教学大纲
英美文学导论教学大纲一. 课程简介本课程旨在引导学生了解和掌握英美文学的基本概念、主要流派和核心作品，以及文学与社会、文化之间的关系。
通过对不同时期、不同地区的英美文学作品的学习和分析，培养学生的文学素养和批判思维能力。
二. 教学目标1. 培养学生的英美文学欣赏能力，使其对英美文学有基本的了解和鉴赏能力；2. 培养学生的批判性思维能力，使其能够分析和评价英美文学作品；3. 培养学生的写作能力，使其能够撰写英美文学相关的论文或评论。
三. 教学内容1. 英美文学的起源与发展- 英美文学的定义和研究方法- 古代英美文学的代表作品欣赏与分析- 文艺复兴时期英美文学的代表作品欣赏与分析- 浪漫主义时期英美文学的代表作品欣赏与分析- 现代主义和后现代主义时期英美文学的代表作品欣赏与分析2. 不同流派的英美文学- 小说- 英美小说的发展历程- 不同时期和流派的英美小说代表作品欣赏与分析- 诗歌- 英美诗歌的发展历程- 不同时期和流派的英美诗歌代表作品欣赏与分析- 戏剧- 英美戏剧的发展历程- 不同时期和流派的英美戏剧代表作品欣赏与分析3. 文学与社会、文化的关系- 英美文学作品中的社会与文化因素的表达和反映- 英美文学作品对社会和文化变迁的影响和作用四. 教学方法1. 授课- 通过讲解和解读文学作品，向学生传达英美文学的基本概念、流派特点以及作者的创作背景和意图。
- 通过讲授文学批评和分析方法，指导学生对英美文学作品进行批判性思考和分析。
2. 阅读与讨论- 学生阅读指定的英美文学作品，在课堂上进行小组讨论，对作品进行深入的解读和分析，培养学生的独立思考和表达能力。
3. 写作训练- 学生通过写作论文、书评等方式，将对英美文学作品的阅读和分析成果呈现出来，提高学生的写作和表达能力。
五. 评估方法1. 平时成绩- 出勤情况- 课堂参与与表现- 作业完成情况2. 学术论文- 学生撰写一篇关于指定英美文学作品的学术论文，考察学生对文学作品的理解和分析能力。
英美文学导论学生复习材料
American Literature:the body of written works produced in the English language in the United States.●For more than a millennium, each stage in the development of the English language has produced itsmasterworks.●Following the NormanConquest of 1066, French influence shaped the vocabulary as well as the literarypreoccupations of Middle English.●The publication of the King James V ersion of the Bible in 1611 infused the literature of the period withboth religious imagery and a remarkably vigorous language, and it served as an important instrument for the spread of literacy throughout England.●Gradually seven kingdoms arose in Britain. By the 7th century, these small kingdoms were combinedinto a united kingdom called England.●Angles, Saxons and Jutes usually known as Anglo-Saxons are the first Englishmen. Language spokenby them is called Old English, which is the foundation of English language and literature. With the Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain, the history of English literature began.Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language.●Thus three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke French, the lower classspoke English, and the scholars and clergymen used Latin.●The romance was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages.●The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. GEOFFREY CHAUCER乔叟Chaucer was the representative writer of the 14th century, and therefore the 14th century is usually called the Age of Chaucer.the outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and ―the first finder of our language.‖ His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English.The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集The great majority of the words Chaucer uses are the same in meaning and function as their Modern English counterparts. They usually differ greatly in spelling. But this initial difficulty soon disappears as one reads through the text -- especially if one reads the text aloud.Chaucer‘s contribution to English poetry is that he introduced from France the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which was later called the heroic couplet, to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.文艺复兴时期The English Renaissance●The Renaissance was a European phenomenon. It revived the study of Roman and Greek classics andmarked the beginning of bourgeois revolution.English literature in the Renaissance period is usually regarded as the high light in the history of English literature. In the Elizabethan period, English literature developed with a great speed and made a magnificent achievement. William Shakespeare 莎士比亚●Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature. Hamlet is made a hero of the Renaissanceperiod and the representative of humanism. Through him Shakespeare expressed his own humanist ideas, Hamlet is made a hero of the Renaissance period and the representative of humanism. Through him Shakespeare expressed his own humanist ideas,●Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?●Thou art more lovely and more temperate:●Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,●And summer‘s lease hath all too short a date:●So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,●So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步●in poetry, a line of verse containing five metrical feet. Bacon‘s essays have a literary style peculiar totheir own. They are noted for their clearness, brevity and force of expression.●The Faerie Queene is a long poem with sweet melody and its lines are very musical. Spenserinvented a new verse form for this poem. The verse form has been called Spenserian Stanza. Each stanza has nine lines, each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentametre form, and the ninth line is an iambic hexametre line, rhyming a b a b b c b c c.Metaphysical poet 玄学诗人John Milton(1608-1674) 弥尔顿Milton ranks second only to Shakespeare among English poets; his writings and his influence are an important part of the history of English literature, culture, and libertarian thought. He is best known for Paradise Lost, which is generally regarded as the greatest epic poem in the English language.Paradise Lost 失乐园Paradise Lost is an epic poem written in blank verse—i.e., unrhymed iambic pentameter verse. It tells the story of Satan's rebellion against God and his expulsion from heaven and the subsequent temptation and expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.●It is a long epic in 12 books, done in blank verse. All is not lost; the unconquerable will●And study of revenge, immortal hate,●And courage never to submit or yield：The best-known section in this book is the V anity Fair episode. On the V anity Fair, honors, titles, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures and lives can be sold or bought, and cheating, roguery, murder and adultery are normal phenomena. Enlightenment 启蒙运动The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout W estern Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.●The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. What the writers described in theirworks were social realities. The main characters were usually common men. Most of the writers concentrated their attention to daily life.Samuel Johnson 约翰逊博士●His letter to Chesterfield is often taken as sounding ―the death-knell of patronage,‖ which it did not. Butit did assert the dignity of the author.Sentimentalism感伤主义Daniel Defoe(1660-1731) 笛福Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊飘流记Robinson Crusoe (1719), an immediate success at home and on the Continent, is a unique fictional blending of the traditions of Puritan spiritual autobiography with an insistent scrutiny of the nature of man as social creature and an extraordinary ability to invent a sustaining modern myth.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) 斯威夫特Gulliver‗s Travels 格列佛游记Numerous obstacles have to be overcome before he achieves this, however, and in the course of the action the various sets of characters pursue each other from one part of the country to another, giving Fielding an opportunity to paint an incomparably vivid picture of England in the mid-18th century.Romanticism浪漫主义Romanticism was marked by intense human sympathy, and by a consequent understanding of the human heart.The sympathy for the poor, and the cry against oppression grew stronger and stronger.Spenser, Shakespeare and Milton were inspiration of the romantic movement. W e can hardly read a poem of the early romanticists without finding a suggestion of the influence of one of these great leaders.Robert Burns 彭斯●national poet of Scotland, who wrote lyrics and songs in the Scottish dialect of English.The Romantic Age began in 1798 and came to an end in 1832. The publication of the L yrical Ballads marked the break with classicism and the beginning of the Romantic Age.In 1832, the last romantic writer Walter Scott died, so in that year, the Romantic Age came to an end.●This age is emphatically an age of poetry. Many young enthusiastic writers turned to poetry as ahappy man to singing. The glory of the age lies in the poetry of W ordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats.●W omen as novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed, for thefirst time, an important place in English literature. Jane Austen offered us her charming descriptions of everyday life in her enduring works, which raised woman to the high place in literature she has ever since maintained.William Wordsworth华兹华斯●major English Romantic poet and poet laureate of England (1843–50). His Lyrical Ballads (1798),written with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the English Romantic movement.●I wandered lonely as a cloud●That floats on high o‘er vales and hills,●When all at once I saw a crowd,●A host of golden daffodils:●Beside the lake, beneath the trees,●Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Lake Poet 湖畔派诗人Jane Austen 奥斯丁English writer who first gave the novel its distinctly modern character through her treatment of ordinary people in everyday life. Austen created the comedy of manners of middle-class life in the England of her time in such novels●Although the birth of the English novel is to be seen in the first half of the 18th century in the workof Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, and Henry Fielding, it is with Jane Austen that the novel takes on its distinctively modern character in the realistic treatment of unremarkable people in the unremarkable situations of everyday life.In her six novels—Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion—Austen created the comedy of manners of middle-class life in the England of her time, revealing the possibilities of ―domestic‖ literature.George Gordon Byron 拜伦Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Ode to the W est Wind 西风颂●Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth●Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!●Be through my lips to unawakened earth●The trumpet of a prophecy!O Wind,●If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?John Keats 济慈●English Romantic lyric poet who devoted his short life to the perfection of a poetry marked byvivid imagery, great sensuous appeal, and an attempt to express a philosophy through classical legend.维多利亚时代English Literature in the Victorian AgeCritical Realism 批判现实主义English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and the early fifties. It foun d its expression in the form of novel. The critical realists, most whom were novelists, described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens.Charles Dickens 狄更斯Dickens enjoyed a wider popularity than had any previous author during his lifetime. Much in his work could appeal to simple and sophisticated, to the poor and to the Queen, and technological developments as well as the qualities of his work enabled his fame to spread worldwide very quickly.The range, compassion, and intelligence of his apprehension of his society and its shortcomings enriched his novels and made him both one of the great forces in 19th-century literature and an influential spokesman of the conscience of his age.In his own time Thackeray was regarded as the only possible rival to Dickens. His pictures of contemporary life were obviously real and were accepted as such by the middle classes.V anity Fair 名利场The main plot centers on the story of two women Amelia Sedley and Rebecca Sharp.The Bronte sisters 勃朗特三姐妹●Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men. In thisnove l, Gaskell shows great sympathy for the workers. She highly praises the workers‘ struggle against capitalists●He clasps the crag with crooked hands;●Close to the sun in lonely lands,●Ringed with the azure world, he stands.Robert Browning 布朗宁Browning's dramatic monologues must, as he himself insisted, be recognized as the utterances of fictitious persons drawing their strength from their appropriateness in characterizing the speaker, and not as expressions of Browning's own sentiments.The play is about the training Higgins gives to a Cockney flower girl to enable her to pass as a lady and is also about the repercussions of the experiment's success.●The W aste Land(1922), traced the sickness of modern civilization—a civilization that, on theevidence of the war, preferred death or death-in-life to life—to the spiritual emptiness and rootlessness of modern existence.William Butler Y eats 叶芝T.S.Eliot 艾略特●If one figure had to be named as the pivotal leader among writers in English during the first halfof the twentieth century, it would be Thomas Sterns Eliot. Not only was he a great poet, a greatcritic, a fine playwright, and a far-reaching influence on others, but he became the conscience of his generation, deliberately fitting himself for this role, which he summed up in a celebrated phrase when he defined his belief as ―classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion‘.●What Eliot achieved was an exact expression for the spiritual disease of the twentieth century.After the unquenchable optimist of the Victorian Age had burned itself out in W orld W ar I, a period of intense questioning began. One by one, what had seemed established certainties were questioned; a society that had appeared both stable and progressive for ove r a century broke into fragments. Eliot‘s classic expression of the temper of his age is ‗The W aste Land‖, a poem which, despite its extreme difficulty, brought him immediate fame.The Waste Land 荒原●April is the cruelest month, breeding●Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing●Memory and desire, stirring●Dull roots with spring rain.Seamus Heaney 希尼Bogland 沼泽地●W e have no prairies●To slice a big sun at evening—●Everywhere the eye concedes to●Encroaching horizon.Modernist novelists 现代主义小说家V irginia Woolf 伍尔夫●In her long essay, A Room of One's Own (1929), she described the difficulties encountered bywomen writers in a man's world.William Golding 戈尔丁●Golding's first published novel was Lord of the Flies (1954; film 1963 and 1990), the story of a groupof schoolboys isolated on a coral island who revert to savagery.Its imaginative and brutal depiction of the rapid and inevitable dissolution of social mores aroused widespread interest. Doris Lessing 莱辛●The Golden Notebook (1962), in which a woman writer attempts to come to terms with the life ofher times through her art, is one of the most complex and the most widely read of her novels.美国文学American LiteratureAmerican literature is the youngest of all national literatures. English literature in the United States is therefore only about more than 200 years old. In spite of this fact, the people of the United States have produced some of the world‘s best literature.BradstreetShe wrote her poems while rearing eight children, functioning as a hostess, and performing other domestic duties.▪The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The W ar of the Independence lasted till 1783, and the United States of America was founded.The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment. Rationalism was the dominant spirit. The enlighteners were opposed to the colonial order fighting against the Puritan tradition, brought to life secular literatureBenjamin Franklin 富兰克林Franklin, next to George Washington possibly the most famous 18th-century American,Autobiography 自传Thomas Jefferson 杰弗逊draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United StatesThe Declaration of Independence 独立宣言▪W e hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.超验主义和浪漫主义Transcendentalism and the Romantic AgeIn this period a new literature was forged by such authors as Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, Poe, Emerson, Thoreau, Longfellow, Melville and Whitman. It was rich in native character and tradition. Like the European literature of the time, it was romantic in character.Transcendentalism wrote an important chapter for the history of ideas in this period. It was the expression of an intuitional idealism which had taken various forms in American thought as a counter-current to rationalistic and authoritarian orthodoxies from early times.▪The American transcendentalists formed a club called the Transcendental Club. The club members often met at Emerson‘s Concord home. Thoreau is the most noteworthy of these in respect to literary values. Emerson was the leading spirit of the Transcendental club.The first great essay writer in the United States was W ashington Irving. He was the first great American author born after the Revolutionary W ar.W ashington Irving 欧文▪The Sketch-Book includes the short stories The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip V an Winkle. Ralph W al do Emerson (1803-1882) 爱默生Ralph W aldo Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts. He is widely regarded as one of America's most influential authors, philosophers and thinkersThese roses under my window make no reference to former roses or to better ones; they are for what they are; they exist with God to-day. There is no time to them. There is simply the rose; it is perfect in every moment of its existence. Before a leaf-bud has burst, its whole life acts; in the full-blown flower there is no more; in the leafless root there is no less. Its nature is satisfied, and it satisfies nature, in all moments alike. Henry David Thoreau 梭罗▪at the age of 28 in 1845, wanting to write his first book, he went to W alden pond and built his cabin on land owned by EmersonOver the years, Thoreau's reputation has been strong, although he is often cast into roles -- the hermit in the wilderness, the prophet of passive resistance (so dear to Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King) -- that he would have surely seen as somewhat alienBut Thoreau's style differs markedly from that of Emerson, whose natural expression is through abstraction. Thoreau presents experience through concrete images;Romantic Poets▪Often the romantic writers were transcendentalists and mystics. Sometimes they were lovers of nature. All the great poets of the middle of the nineteenth century in American literature were romanticists.Henry W adsworth Longfellow 朗费罗Americans owe a great debt to Longfellow because he was among the first of American writers to use native themes.W alt Whitman 惠特曼Leaves Of Grass 草叶集a collection of some of the finest American free-verse poetry ever written.Emily Dickinson 狄金森▪She is widely considered one of the greatest poets in American literature. Her unique, gemlike lyrics are distillations of profound feeling and original intellect, and they stand outside the mainstream of American literary tradition.American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was Emily Dickinson.▪To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee,▪One clover and a bee,▪And revery.▪Revery alone will do,▪If bees are few.James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) 库柏▪They are vivid and fascinating stories about Indian life. They also tell of the poineers in early America. The characters are vigorous, and the description of primitive forest life is captivating.Unfortunately Cooper‘s Indians are ideal Indians. They are very unlike the real American Indian, and have given people a false concept of the aboriginal American.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 霍桑▪As America's first true psychological novel, The Scarlet Letter would convey these ideals;contrasting puritan morality with passion and individualism.The Scarlet Letter 红字The Scarlet Letter attained an immediate and lasting success because it addressed spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint.▪Hawthorne was masterful in the use of symbolism, and the scarlet letter "A" stands as his most potent symbol, around which interpretations of the novel revolve. At one interpretive pole the "A"stands for adultery and sin, and the novel is the story of individual punishment and reconciliation.At another pole it stands for America and allegory, and the story suggests national sin and its human cost. Y et possibly the most convincing reading, taking account of all others, sees the "A" asa symbol of ambiguity, the very fact of multiple interpretations and the difficulty of achievingconsensus.Moby Dick莫比·迪克▪The novel Moby Dick by Herman Melville is an epic tale of the voyage of the whaling ship the Pequod and its captain, Ahab, who relentlessly pursues the great Sperm Whale (the title character) during a journey around the world.Harriet Beecher Stowe: 1811-1896 斯托夫人Stowe learned about slave life by talking to these people and by reading various materials, including slave narratives and antislavery tracts. She also saw Northern racial prejudice. Uncle Tom‘s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋▪The novel ends with a chapter summarizing the lesson learned from these "sketches" of experiences with slavery: that slavery is indeed a very cruel and evil institution that should be abolished.Abraham Lincoln 林肯The Gettysburg Address Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Nov. 19, 1863 ▪Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.▪The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.现实主义小说Realistic Novelists▪writers who were interested in problems of daily life; authors who could picture the pioneers of the Far W est, the new immigrants, and the struggles of the working classes now began to gain the favor of the reading public. This literary interest in the so-called ‗reality‘ of life started a new period in American writing known as the rise of Realism.Mark Twain 1835 – 1910 马克·吐温The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·芬历险记▪The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is about a young boy, Huck, in search of freedom and adventure. The shores of the Mississippi River provide the backdrop for the entire book.Kate Chopin 1851-1904 肖班The A wakening 觉醒Henry James (1843-1916) 詹姆斯▪Among James' masterpieces are Daisy Miller(1879), where the young and innocent American, Daisy finds her values in conflict with European sophistication and The Portrait Of A Lady (1881) where again a young American woman becomes a victim of her provincialism during her travels i n Europe.Theodore Dreiser 1871-1945 德莱塞In his fiction, Dreiser deals with social problems and with characters who struggle to survive. His sympathetic treatment of a "morally loose" woman in Sister Carrie was called immoralSister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹Cather's work made her one of the most important American novelists of the first half of the 20th century. Cather's fiction is characterized by a strong sense of place, the subtle presentation of human relationships, an often unconventional narrative structure, and a style of clarity and beauty. Beginning with Alexander's Bridge (1912), Cather devoted herself to writing. Many of her books drew on her memories and knowledge of Nebraska. O Pioneers! (1913), My Antonia (1918), and A Lost Lady (1923) offer fascinating explorations of the experience of pioneers of the PlainsMy Antonia 我的安东尼娅The twentieth century witnessed a renaissance in American literature. The volume of American literary activity, the large number of new authors, the high level of their powers, the originality, daring, and general success of many new forms of expression, and the absorbed response of a reading public larger and more critical than ever before, produced a new and brilliant national literature.Robert Frost(1874-1963)弗罗斯特one of the finest of rural New England's 20th century pastoral poets.▪The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.Ezra Pound (1885-1972) 庞德▪Ezra Pound founded the Imagist movement in poetry, which encouraged experimenting with different verse forms, and opposed representational art in favor of abstract forms.The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Langston Hughes(1902-1967) 休斯The Lost Generation 迷惘的一代▪Name applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First W orld W ar, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could repalce them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) 海明威William Faulkner 1897-1962 福克纳In an attempt to create a saga of his own, Faulkner has invented a host of characters typical of the historical growth and subsequent decadence of the South. The human drama in Faulkner's novels is then built on the model of the actual, historical drama extending over almost a century and a half Each story and each novel contributes to the construction of a whole, which is the imaginary Y oknapatawpha County and its inhabitants.John Steinbeck(1902-1968) 斯坦贝克He is best remembered for THE GRAPES OF WRA TH (1939), a novel widely considered to be a 20th-century classic.The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄Eugene O‘Neill(1888-1953) 奥尼尔one of the greatest playwrights in American history. Through his experimental and emotionally probing dramas, he addressed the difficulties of human society with a deep psychological complexity.Arthur Miller 1915－2005 阿瑟·米勒Miller's plays are, above all, concerned with morality as they reflect the individual's response to the manifold pressures exerted by the forces of family and society.Joseph Heller (1923-1999) 海勒was a popular and respected writer whose first and best-known novel, Catch-22(1961), is considered a classic of the post-W orld W ar II era.▪Catch-22 is most often interpreted as an antiwar protest novel that foreshadowed the widespread resistance to the Vietnam W ar that erupted in the late 1960s.Toni Morrison 莫里森The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛first novel, a book heralded for its richness of language and boldness of vision. Set in the author's girlhood hometown of Lorain Ohio, it tells the story of black, eleven-year-old Pecola BreedloveAlice W alker 沃克The Color Purple紫色published in 1982, tells the story of Celie, a Black woman in the South. Celie writes letters to God in which she tells about her life--her roles as daughter, wife, sister, and mother.Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell 1900-1949 米切尔GONE WITH THE WIND 飘▪The novel had similar success throughout the United States and around the world. It won for Margaret Mitchell a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. It has sold more copies worldwide than any other book except the Bible.。
英语文学教授教案模板范文
课程名称：英美文学导论授课对象：大一英语专业学生课时： 2课时教学目标：1. 知识目标：- 了解英美文学的基本发展脉络和主要文学流派。
- 掌握分析文学作品的基本方法，如人物分析、主题探讨、结构分析等。
2. 能力目标：- 培养学生阅读和分析文学作品的能力。
- 提高学生的英语阅读速度和理解能力。
3. 情感目标：- 增强学生对英美文学的兴趣和热爱。
- 培养学生的审美情趣和文化素养。
教学重难点：1. 重点：- 理解英美文学的发展历程和主要文学流派。
- 分析文学作品中的典型人物和主题。
2. 难点：- 掌握文学分析的方法和技巧。
- 将文学分析的方法应用到实际阅读中。
教学准备：- 教材：英美文学导论- 多媒体课件- 文学作品原文- 相关背景资料教学过程：第一课时一、导入（5分钟）1. 通过展示一些著名的英美文学作品封面，引导学生对英美文学产生兴趣。
2. 提问：你们对英美文学有哪些了解？你们想从这门课程中学到什么？二、基础知识讲解（20分钟）1. 介绍英美文学的发展历程，包括几个主要时期：文艺复兴时期、启蒙时期、浪漫主义时期、现实主义时期、现代主义时期等。
2. 讲解英美文学的主要流派：古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等。
3. 举例说明每个时期的代表作品和作家。
三、案例分析（20分钟）1. 选择一部代表作品，如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，进行人物分析和主题探讨。
2. 引导学生分析作品中的主要人物、情节、主题等。
四、课堂讨论（10分钟）1. 提问：你们认为这部作品反映了什么样的社会现象？2. 学生自由讨论，分享自己的观点。
第二课时一、复习与总结（10分钟）1. 回顾上节课的学习内容，检查学生对基础知识掌握情况。
2. 总结英美文学的发展历程和主要文学流派。
二、作品阅读与分析（20分钟）1. 选择另一部作品，如海明威的《老人与海》，进行阅读和分析。
2. 学生分组，每组选择一个分析角度，如人物、主题、结构等。
三、成果展示与讨论（15分钟）1. 每组展示自己的分析成果，其他组进行评价和讨论。
外国语言文学导论期末重点
外国语言文学导论期末重点外国语言文学导论第一节：语言和文学语言：语言是符号系统，是以语音为物质外壳，以语义为意义内容的，音义结合的词汇建筑材料和语法组织规律的体系。
语言是一种社会现象，是人类最重要的交际工具，是进行思维和传递信息的工具，是人类保存认识成果的载体。
语言具有稳固性和民族性。
（语言的重要性；人类对语言的崇拜）文学：文学是指以语言文字为工具形象化地反映客观现实的艺术，包括戏剧、诗歌、小说、散文等，是文化的重要表现形式，以不同的形式（称作体裁）表现内心情感和再现一定时期和一定地域的社会生活。
文学是一种对语言使用的重新认识，它以一种特殊的方式，将日常语言，通过各种修辞手法，将世界呈现在我们面前。
对于一部好的文学作品，无论其年代多么久远，读者和作者之间能通过语言这座桥梁产生共鸣。
两者间的关系：从时间顺序上来看，似乎是先有语言，然后才有文学：苏美尔人创造的“楔形文字”，距今五千多年。
所谓学术上来讲，是先有文学，然后再有语言研究。
语言对文学的影响“语言是文学的第一要素”，没有语言就没有文学。
最好的文学作品是用最优美的语言写成的。
语言修养是文学家的起码条件。
——高尔基诗人卡西尔说，诗人不可能创造一种全新的语言。
他必须使用现有的词汇，必须遵循语言的基本规则（工具论）。
不同的文学样式对语言材料的各种功能在使用上各有侧重。
戏剧侧重于语言的会话功能，小说侧重于语言的叙事功能，诗歌则侧重于语言的抒情功能语言的演变对文学的影响（如诗歌）句式变化上古汉语中（弹歌）这类原始歌谣，一词为一字，两字一拍，全篇四句八字：断竹，续竹，飞土，逐肉；西周《诗经》：关关雎鸠,在河之州。
窈窕淑女,君子好逑。
唐宋：五言体和七言体格律变化：萨丕尔在语言论说，大概没有别的东西比诗的声律更能说明文学在形式上依靠语言了。
语言的表达局限对文学的影响。
文学是用语言写成的，文学的物质媒介是语言。
文学在一定程度上依赖语言，同时又是超语言的（难以言传，以及语言的言外之意）。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳1. 英美文学的定义英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。
英美文学具有悠久的历史，涵盖了从古代文学到现代文学的各个时期和流派。
2. 英美文学的时期和流派2.1 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学、中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期文学。
其中，早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗《贝奥武夫》为代表，中世纪文学以《坎特伯雷故事集》为代表，文艺复兴时期文学以莎士比亚的戏剧作品为代表。
2.2 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义是英美文学的一个重要流派，包括诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈等人的作品。
浪漫主义文学强调个体的感情和想象力，关注自然、爱情、自由等主题。
2.3 现实主义文学现实主义是英美文学的另一个重要流派，出现于19世纪后期。
代表作家包括狄更斯、托尔斯泰和马克·吐温等人。
现实主义文学揭示社会问题，关注人性的复杂性和社会的不公平。
2.4 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的主要流派，代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、塞缪尔·贝克特和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
现代主义文学对传统的文学形式进行了颠覆和重塑，追求形式上的创新和思想上的深度。
3. 英美文学的重要作家和作品3.1 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。
他的代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。
3.2 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，被誉为英国小说的经典作家。
她的代表作包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》等。
3.3 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国作家，代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》。
他被认为是美国“爵士时代”的象征之一。
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。
英美文学要点
23. In his romantic comedies， Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth， and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。
18. In the second period， he wrote five histories： Richard II， King John， Henry IV， Parts I and II， and Henry V； six comedies： A Midsummer Night’s Dream， The Merchant of Venice， Much Ado About Nothing， As You Like It， Twelfth Night， and The Merry Wives of Windsor； and two tragedies： Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。
《英美文学导论》重难点分析(2)
《英美文学导论》重难点分析（2）英国文学新古典主义时期一、学习目标通过本章的学习，了解欧洲的启蒙运动和新古典主义文学流派产生的背景，启蒙运动的主张及文学特点新古典文学的艺术特色，及其随同时代及后世英国文学的影响；了解该时期一些重要作家的创作生涯、思想和艺术特色及其代表作品的结构、主题、人物刻画、语言风格、社会意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特点，提高文学作品的欣赏能力。
二.学习重点（一）新古典主义时期概述1.新古典主义时期的界定2.启蒙运动:主张及文学特点；意义及影响3.新古典主义对散文、诗歌、戏剧创作的标准4.新古典主义时期文学的艺术特色：早期的诗歌；中叶的英国现实主义小说的诞生；后叶的哥特式小说与伤感主义文学的兴起（二）新古典主义时期的主要作家1. 约翰`班扬a. 主要作品及风格b. 选读《天路历程》：名利场（作品内容简介）2.亚历山大`蒲伯 a. 蒲伯的文学观及主要作品3.丹尼尔`笛福a 笛福的生平（个人事业和社会活动）b. 其主要作品c. 笛福的创作特点语言风格d.选读《鲁滨孙飘流记》第四章鲁滨孙的人物特征；内容简介4.乔纳森`斯威夫特a. 主要作品b. 作品的语言风格c. 《格列佛游记》第一部第三章（故事梗概）。
5.亨利`菲尔丁a.菲尔丁的主要作品b.对英国小说的贡献c.菲尔丁的语言特色d. 选读《汤姆`琼斯》第四部第八章（故事梗概、人物刻画）6.塞谬尔`约翰逊a. 约翰逊的文学评价b. 主要作品c. 约翰逊对语言的贡献d. 约翰逊的主张7.查理德`比`谢立丹a.谢立丹的戏剧主题b谢立丹的写作技巧c. 谢立丹的主要作品8.托马斯`格雷a. 格雷诗歌的特点b. 选读《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》（诗歌的主题：死亡-------哀叹人生；诗歌的语言特色）浪漫主义时期一．学习目标通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义文学产生的政治、经济和文化背景，人是这一时期的文学创作的基本特征、基本主张、和对当时及后世英国文学和文化的影响；了解该时期的主要作家的创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格等；同时要求能读懂所作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色培养理解文学作品的能力。
英美文学导论重点
What is Literature：14th century: It means polite learning through reading. A man of literature or a man of letters = a man of wide reading, ―literacy‖18th century: practice and profession of writing19th century: the high skills of writing in the special context of high imagination。
My definition:In the widest sense it is just about anything written. In the more specialized sense, it is the art that use language as a medium and characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.What is poetry?A literary form Written in linesCompressed contentRich imageryBeautiful harmonyGreat artistic appeal Sonnet十四行诗：an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.玄学派诗歌：The term ―metaphysical poetry‖ is commonly used to name the work of the 17th –century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.Ode颂:an elaborately formal lyric poem, often in the form of a lengthy ceremonious address to a person or abstract entity, always serious and elevated in tone. Imagism and Ezra PoundAn image is ―that whichpresents an intellectual andemotional complex in aninstan t of time‖.(1) Direct treatment of the‗thing‘ whether subjectiveor objective.(2) To use absolutely noword that does notcontribute to thepresentation.(3) As regarding rhythm:to compose in the sequenceof the musical phrase, notin the sequence of ametronome.什么是小说：A work of fiction is anarrative that originates inthe imagination of theauthor.Sometimes the stories are―true‖, but more often theyare not.Some fiction—historical orautobiographical fiction, forexample—may focus onreal people and the plotmay be grounded in actualevents, but the waycharacters interact and howthe plot unfolds are theauthor‘s own invention.The purpose of fiction aremainly for entertainment,instruction, and aestheticpleasure of the reader小说要素：Plot SettingPoint of view ThemeTone Irony StyleLost Generation垮掉的一代：applied to the disillusionedintellectuals and aesthetesof the years following theFirst World War, whorebelled against formerideals and values;代表人物：Francis Scott FitzgeraldEzra PoundSherwood AndersonWilliam FaulknerErnest Hemingway什么是戏剧：A drama is a work ofliterature or a compositionwhich delineates life andhuman activity by means ofpresenting various actionsof, and dialogues between agroup of characters. And itis designed for theatricalpresentation戏剧要素：Plot Character ThoughtDiction Music Spectacle戏剧分类：TragedyComedyTragicomedyMelodramaProblem playFarceFatancy。
最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。
3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。
seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale④The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪)1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Third period(1609—1612)historiesLyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggSonnet 18:Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29:Theme：①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.③His intellectual genius is outstanding.④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan. 光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：①John Donne“metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually②John MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica: attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In thisstage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品：①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnson②pre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in the n Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>③modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe①英国小说之父②Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-----active romanticsHistorical novelist-----Walter Scott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.①<Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⑤Lucy Poems 露西⑥<The Prelude>序曲The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌The Excursion 漫游7.Lord ByronA.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.B.Byronic hero:dark romancesC.works①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记②<Don Juan>唐•璜③<Cain>该隐诗歌：<She Walks In Beauty>8.ShelleyA.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行B．the finest lyric poets in the English languageC．works<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性<Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression <The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<Ode to the West Wind>西风颂To a Skylark>致云雀9.ScottA. a historical novelistB.worksIvanhoe 艾凡赫waverly 威弗利the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人Rob Roy罗布.罗衣10.Jane Austen作品：① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园④<Emma>爱玛⑤<Persuasion>劝导⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。
它具有以下几个特点：1.多元化：英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。
从古典主义到浪漫主义，从现代主义到后现代主义，英美文学不断演变和发展，展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。
2.自由和开放性：英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考，在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。
自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。
3.注重个人感受和情感表达：英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达，通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑，展示了人性的复杂和多样性。
二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑，代表作品有：•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。
•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》，通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写，揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。
2. 浪漫主义时期（18世纪末至19世纪初）浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段，代表作品有：•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》，强调对自然和个人感受的表达，展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。
•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》，通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写，呈现了封建社会的弊端。
3. 现代主义时期（20世纪初至中期）现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期，代表作品有：•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》，以流动的意识流体式叙述，探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。
•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》，通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索，反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。
三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一，代表作品有：•《哈姆雷特》：探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常，是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。
英美文学各章学习重点
英美文学各章学习重点英国文学—The old and medieval periods1．Beowuf这部作品Romance是这个时期最流行的文学形式；Chaucer第一个引进“英雄偶句”诗体。
Beowulf（贝奥武甫(八世纪初的一篇古英语史诗; 该史诗中的主角)）, a typical example of old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic (民族史诗)of the Anglo-Saxons. Literary position: The poem was originally in an oral form, it is written down in the 10th century. Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.Romance (骑士抒情诗)，a popular literary form in the medieval period) uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds, whose motifs（主题, 主旨）of the quest is for truth, beauty and kindness.Chaucer(乔叟): whose masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》. The famous character of his works is the Wife of Bath. Chaucer employed the heroic coupletverse form (英雄双韵诗形式) with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature. He is the father of English poetry.英国文学—The renaissance periods 1.《仙后》一部寓言(allegory), 人物象征意义与主题.The Faerie is an allegory.The Red-crosse Knight stands for St.George, the patron saint of England, and he also represent Holiness.A lovely Ladie, virgin Una, symbolizes the thruth or the true faith of religion.A milke white lambe reprents the God.Dragon and infernall feend refer the SatanThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic—“fiece warres and faithful loves”.2. 斯宾塞的诗歌特点The five main quailites of spenser’spoetry are:1) a perfect melody;2) a rare sense of beauty;3) a splendid imagination;4) a lofty purity and seriousness;5) a dedicated idealism.3.《浮士德》的主题Dr. Faustus is a play based on theGerman legend of a magician aspiringfor knowledge and finally meeting histragic end as a result of selling his soulto the Devil. The play’s dominantmoral is human than religious. Itcelebrates the human passion forknowledge, power and happiness; italso reveals man’s frustration inrealizing the high aspiration in ahostile moral order. And theconfinement to time is the cruelest factof man’s condition.4.《威尼丝商人》的故事及主题The play has a double plot:1) Bassanio——Portia2) Antonio——ShylockThe traditional theme of the playis to praise the friendship betweemAntonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of greate beaulity, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Tody, many people tend to regard the play as a satire of the christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of frindship and love, their cunning way of pursuing worldliness(俗心, 俗气)and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.5．Milton的三部作品Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes.英国文学—The neoclassical periods 1．Bunyan的《天路历程》是一部寓言(allegory)，其主题及《名利场》的寓意The Pilgrim’s Progress is themost successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weakness and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor —life as a journey — is simple and familiar. The objects that Christian meets are homely and commonplace, and the scence presented a typical Englishones, but throughout the allegory a spiritual signifiance is added to the commonplace details.The Vanity Fair symbolizeshuman world, for “All that cometh is vanity.”Everything and anything inthis world is “vanity”, having no value and no meaning. The Vanity Fair, a “marcket selling nothingness” of all sorts, is a dirty place originally built up by devils, but, this town “lay” in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the tempatations there way through. So, the depiction of the “Fair” in selling things worldly and in attracting people bad, represents John Bunyan’s rejection of the worldly seekings and pious longing for the pure and charming “Celestial City” his Christian ideal.2．鲁宾逊的意义Robinson is here a real hero: atypical eighteenth-century Enlish middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in stuggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.3．Gulliver’s Travel的四个部分The book contains four parts.The first part —— LilliputThe second part —— BrobdingnagThe third part —— flying IslandThe fourth part —— Houyhnhnmland, YahooAs a whole, the book is one of themost effcetive and devastatingcriticisms and satires of all aspects inthen English and European life —socially, politically, religiously,philosophically, scientifically, andmorally.4．Fielding的贡献Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel”.He was first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and syle. Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either the Episolary form or the picaresque form, but fielding adopted “the third-person narration,” in which the author become the “all-knowing God”.英国文学—The romantic periods 1．Blake青春之歌与经验之歌的比较The Song of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and suffering.His Songs of Experiecnce paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with melancholy tone.The two “Chimney Sweeper” poems are good examples toreveal the relation between an economic circumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making compiant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect(景色, 前景)of “illusory happiness;” the poem from the Songs of the Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor child.2．拜伦式英雄Buyron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero,” a proud, mysterious rebel figu re of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burdens of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustilbeenergies.3．KEATS的希腊古瓮颂的主题Ode on an grecian Urn shows thecontrast between the permanence of artand the transcience of human passion.4．奥丝丁的三种婚姻观Stories of love and marriageprovide the major theme in all JaneAusten’s novels, in which femalechatacters are always playing an activepart. In their pursuit of a marriage,they ate usually categorize into threetypes according to their differentattitudes: those who would marry for material wealth and social position, those who would marry just for beauty and passion, and those who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partn er’s personal merit as well ad his economical and social status.5.《傲慢与偏见》的故事及主题Pride and Prejudice mainly tellsof the love story between a rich, pround young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizaeth Bennet. None of the daughters can inherit the estate of the family for it has been entailed upon the nearest male heir, Willian Collins, Collins intends to marry and he decides to shoose Elizabeth as a way of making amends for inheriting the family’s estate. Collins is a preposterous(荒谬的) suitor, and Elizabeth rejects the proposal. Another young man called Darcy proposes her, but she has prejudice against him because she thinks that he has nothing but pride. After many twists and turns, they are happily united. This book tells us a great deal about attitude toward marriage in Austen’s time.Stories of love and marriageprovide the major themes in all her novels, Jane Austen tries to say that it is wrong to marry just for money or for beauty, but it is also wrong to marry without it.as it is said in the book that it is a truth universally acknowledged that a singe man in possession of a good foutune must be in want of a wife.英国文学—The victorian periods 1．Dickens小说的3种角色类型及创作生涯。
英语-英美文学选读-重点分析
学习目标1. The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义2. The Victorian Period(1836-1901)维多利亚时期3. The Romantic Period in American Literature浪漫主义时期The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义The Romantic period is an age of poetry.浪漫主义时代也是诗歌的时代。
The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义浪漫主义代表诗人布莱克William Blake，华兹华斯Wordsworth Wordsworth，科勒律治Coleridge，拜伦Byron，雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley及济慈John KeatsThe Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义William Blake威廉.布莱克Songs of Innocence 《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义William BlakeMarriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的结合》It plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.布莱克的《天堂与地狱的结合》一诗标志着他创作上的成熟，并担负了讽喻与革命预言的两重角色。
The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯：Wordsworth defines the poet as a“man speaking to men,”and poetry as“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility.”华兹华斯认为诗人是对着广大人民讲话的人，而诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露，发乎情，止乎静。
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What is Literature：
14th century: It means polite learning through reading. A man of literature or a man of letters = a man of wide reading, ―literacy‖18th century: practice and profession of writing
19th century: the high skills of writing in the special context of high imagination。
My definition:
In the widest sense it is just about anything written. In the more specialized sense, it is the art that use language as a medium and characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
What is poetry?
A literary form Written in lines
Compressed content
Rich imagery
Beautiful harmony
Great artistic appeal Sonnet十四行诗：
an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.
玄学派诗歌：
The term ―metaphysical poetry‖ is commonly used to name the work of the 17th –century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.
Ode颂:an elaborately formal lyric poem, often in the form of a lengthy ceremonious address to a person or abstract entity, always serious and elevated in tone. Imagism and Ezra Pound
An image is ―that which
presents an intellectual and
emotional complex in an
instan t of time‖.
(1) Direct treatment of the
‗thing‘ whether subjective
or objective.
(2) To use absolutely no
word that does not
contribute to the
presentation.
(3) As regarding rhythm:
to compose in the sequence
of the musical phrase, not
in the sequence of a
metronome.
什么是小说：
A work of fiction is a
narrative that originates in
the imagination of the
author.
Sometimes the stories are
―true‖, but more often they
are not.
Some fiction—historical or
autobiographical fiction, for
example—may focus on
real people and the plot
may be grounded in actual
events, but the way
characters interact and how
the plot unfolds are the
author‘s own invention.
The purpose of fiction are
mainly for entertainment,
instruction, and aesthetic
pleasure of the reader
小说要素：Plot Setting
Point of view Theme
Tone Irony Style
Lost Generation垮掉的一代：
applied to the disillusioned
intellectuals and aesthetes
of the years following the
First World War, who
rebelled against former
ideals and values;
代表人物：
Francis Scott Fitzgerald
Ezra Pound
Sherwood Anderson
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway
什么是戏剧：
A drama is a work of
literature or a composition
which delineates life and
human activity by means of
presenting various actions
of, and dialogues between a
group of characters. And it
is designed for theatrical
presentation
戏剧要素：
Plot Character Thought
Diction Music Spectacle
戏剧分类：
Tragedy
Comedy
Tragicomedy
Melodrama
Problem play
Farce
Fatancy。