2013年四川大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
006041304全国高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题
2013年4月高等教育自学考试《英美文学选读》试题课程代码：00604I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. T.S. Eliot' s is the best of his plays in the sense that it contains the best poetry and the mostcoherent drama.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land2. All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower - class people EXCEPT.A. Robinson CrusoeB. Captain SingletonC. Moll FlandersD. Colonel Jack3. All of the following statements on Jane Austen' s works is true EXCEPT.A. She presents the quiet, day - today country life of the lower - class English.B. Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.C. Faults of characters displayed by the people of her novels are correct when, throughtribulation, lessons are learned.D. Even the most minor characters are vividly particularized.4. It was after the publication of , Lawrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.A. The RainbowB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley's LoverD. Women in Love5. A good style of prose "proper words in proper places" was defined by .A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Oliver GoldsmithD. Jonathan Swift6. "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good for tune, must be inwant of a wife." The quoted lines are taken fromA. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Sense and Sensibility7. The typical representatives of George Bernard Shaw are Widower' s House and .A. Too True to Be GoodB. Man and SupermanC. CandidaD. Mrs. Warren' s Profession8. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as ", for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Father of the English NovelB. Best Writer of the English NovelC. the most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of the English novel9. One of Shelley' s greatest political lyrics is , which was later to become a rallying songof the British Communist Party.A. "Men of England"B. "Ode to Liberty"C. "Ode to Naples"D. "Sonnet: England in 1819"10. George Bernard Shaw' s play established his position as the leading playwright of histime.A. CandidaB. Widowers' HousesC. Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionD. Man and Superman11. Milton' s literary achievements can be composed of the early poetic works, the middle pamphletsand the last great poems.A. dramaticB. proseC. epicD. statiric12. The assertion that poetry originates from "emotion recollected in tranquility" belongs to .A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC. Robert SoutheyD. William Blake13. Thomas Hardy' s works known as "novels of character and environment" are the mostrepresentatives of him as both a and a critical realist writer.A. romanticB. classicalC. optimisticD. naturalistic14, Jonathan Swift' s makes the most devastating protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the English ruling class.A. The Battle of the BooksB. "A Modest Proposal"C. The Drapier' LettersD. Gulliver' s Travels15. In English Romantic period "Lake Poets" refers to Robert Southey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge andA. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Burns16. Dickens attacks the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld lifein .A. The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC. David CopperfieldD. Dombey and Son17. John Milton' s is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style inEnglish.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica18. The major Romantic poets like Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats started arebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as .A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation19. The most important play among the comedies of Shakespeare is .A. Twelfth NightB. A Midsummer Night' s DreamC. The Merchant of VeniceD. As You Like It20. William Blake' s paints a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with amelancholy tone.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Poetical SketchesD. Lyrical Ballads21. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, and BenJonson.A. John MiltonB. William ShakespeareC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding22. John Milton's is probably his most memorable prose work,which is a great plea forfreedom of the press.A. LycidasB. AreopagiticaC. The ExcursionD. Persuasion23. The first American prose epic is .A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Waste LandC. Moby - DickD. The Great Gatsby24. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th – century“”novels and thefounder of psychological realism.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. naturalisticG. romantic D. revolutionary25. Hemingway once said that was one book from which "all modem American literaturecomes."A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. The Mysterious StrangerD. The Gilded Age26. It was a sort of first attempt at writing his masterpiece that made Fitzgerald one of thegreatest American novelists.A. The Great GatsbyB. Tales of the Jazz AgeC. All the Sad Young MenD. Tender is the Night27. In Moby -Dick, the skillful use of both as a character and a narrator gives the novel amoral magnitude.A. MelvilleB. TashtegoC. AhabD. Ishmael28. Fitzgerald' s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of , in which he shows aparticular interest in the upper- class society, especially the upper- classyoung people.A. the Lost GenerationB. the Jazz AgeC. the Post - Modern AgeD. the Babybooming Age29. As a key to the whole novel of The Scarlet Letter, the letter A takes on different layers of symbolicmeanings. The is one of the salient characteristics of Haw-thorne' s art.A. simplicityB. straightforwardnessC. self-contradictionD. ambiguity30. Before and during the Civil War, Whitman stood firmly on the side of the North and wrote a seriesof poems incorporating his emotions and feelings during the period, which were gathered as a collection under the title of .A. Drum TapsB. Leaves of GrassC. A Boy' s WillD. North of Boston31. Dickinson' s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no ,hence are always quoted by their first lines.A. themesB. rhyming schemesC. titlesD. preludes32. As saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation.. It couldenable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rude.A. Ezra PoundB. Walt WhitmanC. T. S. EliotD. Robert Lee Frost33. As a genre, emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forcesshaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. romanticismB. imagismC. naturalismD. transcendentalism34. Robert Frost' s first collection A Boy' s Will is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and thecharacteristic flavor of life.A. New EnglandB. EnglandC. the desertD. the ocean35. Many of Frost's poems are fragrant with nature quality, in his poems are drawn from thesimple country life and the pastoral landscape.A. Images and metaphorsB. Allusions and similesG. Personifications and alliterations D. Metaphors and similes36. To a great extent, Hawthorne' s view of man and human history originates in .A. TranscendentalismB. PuritanismG. Atheism D. Deism37. Faulkner, one of the leading American writers, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950 for the anti –racist .A. The MansionB. The TownC. The FableD. Intruder in the Dust38. Most of Faulkner' s works are focused on the subjects and consciousness.A. SouthernB. NorthernC. EasternD. Western39. "Man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually." This is an attitude towards life thathad been trying to illustrate in his writings.A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Henry JamesC. Ernest HemingwayD. Theodore Dreiser40. Hemingway' s first true novel, , casts light on a whole generation after the First WorldWar.A. For whom the Bell TollsB. The Sun Also RisesC. The OM Man and the SeaD. In Our TimeII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Writ4 your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. "Because I was happy upon the heath,And smil' d among the winter's snow;They cloth' d me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe."(From Blake's Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Experience)Questions:A. What does "heath" indicate?B. What does "the clothes of death" mean?C. What idea does the poem reveal?42. "Will no one tell me what she sings? -Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far - off things,And batfies long ago;Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of today?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again?"(From William Wordsworth' s "The Solitary Reaper")Questions:A. What does the phrase "plaintive numbers" mean?B. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?C. What do you think Wordsworth intends to suggest in the poem?43." I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -I took the one less traveled by,And that has made the difference."Questions:A. Who is the writer of the poem? What' s the title of the poem?B. What additional meaning do the two roads have?C. What dilemma is the speaker facing?44. "They rose when she entered——a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending toher waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand."Questions:A. Who is the writer of the story? What is the title of the story?B. What's the meaning of the underlined sentences?C. What can you infer from the passage about the protagonist?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has everknown. What are his four greatest tragedies? What are the characteristics of the fourtragedies in common?46. What do you think T. S. Eliot' s The Waste Land presents and reflects?47. Please summarize Emily Dickinson' s poetry features.48. What is Walt Whitman' s poetic style?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in al!, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Discuss Charles Dickens' features in character portraying.50. Discuss Melville' s symbolism in Moby - Dick.。
2013年高考英语试题及答案(四川卷)
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语本试题分第I卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）。
第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至10页，共10页。
考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。
第Ｉ卷（选择题共90分）注意事项：1. 必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑。
2. 第I卷共两部分，计90分。
第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中国，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. —I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—_______.A. I really envy youB. Glad to hear thatC. Sounds greatD. Take it easy2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the small ones.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _______ for us!A. waitsB. was waitingC. waitedD. is waiting4. Read this story, _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.A. orB. andC. butD. so5. —Why are your eyes are so red? You _______ have slept well last night.—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. can‟tB. mustn‟tC. needn‟tD. won‟t6. _______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. WhenB. HowC. WhatD. That7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _______ he wants to.A. even ifB. as ifC. becauseD. before8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where10.The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being comparedB. to be completed第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的所给选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2013年四川大学外国语学院241二外英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年四川大学外国语学院241二外英语真题及详解Part ⅠReading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious”both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious”is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are moreinvolved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.1. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?A. Two contrasting views are presented.B. An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C. Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D. A detailed description of the differences between urban, and small-town life is given.2. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _____.A. did not have the same interests as their neighborsB. could not develop longstanding relationshipsC. tended to be associated with bad behaviorD. usually had more friends3. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors _____.A. disrupt people’s natural relationsB. make them worry about crimeC. cause them not to show concern for one anotherD. cause them to be suspicious of each other4. It can be inferred from the passage, that the bigger a community is, _____.A. the better its quality of lifeB. the more similar its interestsC. the more tolerant and open-minded it isD. the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.B. Advances of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C. The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D. The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.【答案与解析】1.A 文章第一段开头提到了以前人们普遍认为城市居民与亲朋邻里的关系不好，紧接着又说到“However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the ‘obvious’is not true”，如今的研究表明事实不是如此了。
2013年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案
一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Descriptive adequacy is achieved when a grammar not only produces correct explanations for raw linguistic data, but also produces correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer.【试题解析】 (考查描述充分性)2 【正确答案】 Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text.【试题解析】 (考查语篇功能)3 【正确答案】 Illocutionary act refers to an utterance that accomplishes something in the act of speaking something.【试题解析】 (考查行事行为)4 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship, while motivation refers to the extent to which the individual worksor strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity.【试题解析】 (考查语言的任意性和二语习得的动机)5 【正确答案】 Ideal speaker refers to the speaker who has mastered and internalized the linguistic rules of his native language, or in other words, a speaker of a language who has the ability to speak and understand the language in a grammatically-correct manner.【试题解析】 (考查理想说话者的定义)6 【正确答案】 Bound morpheme refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone, such as the plural morpheme"-s"in "cats" and the negative morpheme "dis-" in "dislike".【试题解析】 (考查粘着语素)7 【正确答案】 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, "breakfast" + "lunch"→"brunch" , "smoke" + "fog"→"smog".【试题解析】 (考查混成法)8 【正确答案】 Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words. For example, "father" is more formal than "dad" and "friend" is more formal than "buddy".【试题解析】 (考查文体含义)9 【正确答案】 Loanword refers to the process in which both form and meaning of the words are borrowed from other languages, with only a slight adaptation. For example, English borrowed "tea" from Chinese, "sputnik" from Russian.【试题解析】 (考查借词)10 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. For example, different words may be identical in sound or spelling, or both. Such as "meet"—"meat", "pupil"(student)—"pupil"(the small round black area at the center of the eye).【试题解析】 (考查同音／同形异义现象)二、简答题11 【正确答案】 1．他喜欢假装自己是电子方面的专家。
2013年四川大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷
一、完形填空0 Many people imagine that Alzheimer's disease, the degenerative disorder that ultimately leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. 【C1】______the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people【C2】______memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-【C3】______about all forms of memory loss that we label everything "Alzheimer's". Alzheimer's disease itself can【C4】______people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also【C5】______the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. 【C6】______, only an examination of the brain tissue during all autopsy can produce an accurate【C7】______of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer's are unknown. They may be either【C8】______or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13, 000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times【C9】______chance of succumbing【C10】______the age of 80 than those with no family【C11】______of the problem.There are other factors, however. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer's and, when both twins【C12】______it, they did so as【C13】______as 15 years apart. The possibility【C14】______environment plays a part was【C15】______by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher【C16】______of the disease.Aluminum has been blamed for, the development of Alzheimer's. This is because a high level of aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time【C17】______aluminum was becoming widely available for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, difficulty in【C18】______familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all【C19】______of the onset of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, 【C20】______verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.1 【C1】（A）As（B）Since（C）While （D）In spite of 2 【C2】（A）whom （B）which （C）whose （D）what3 【C3】（A）judged （B）equipped （C）informed （D）advised4 【C4】（A）affect （B）inhibit （C）confine （D）constrain5 【C5】（A）take（B）put（C）get（D）hold6 【C6】（A）In action （B）In the main （C）In no time （D）In the end7 【C7】（A）description （B）illustration （C）demonstration （D）diagnosis8 【C8】（A）instinctual （B）natural （C）genetic （D）intuitive9 【C9】（A）slighter （B）fainter（C）less（D）more10 【C10】（A）at（B）for（C）by（D）until11 【C11】（A）relation （B）history （C）background （D）correlation 12 【C12】（A）came up with （B）did away with（C）dispensed with （D）went down with 13 【C13】（A）much（B）many（C）soon（D）often14 【C14】（A）of（B）that（C）which（D）with15 【C15】（A）undermined （B）eliminated （C）boosted（D）underlined16 【C16】（A）conversion（B）incidence （C）concealment （D）degree17 【C17】（A）at which （B）when（C）that（D）during which 18 【C18】（A）approaching （B）performing （C）supervising （D）upholding 19 【C19】（A）reflections （B）variables （C）constant （D）indicators20 【C20】（A）least（B）then（C）last（D）latter二、阅读理解20 Olga had always enjoyed the character-centered books written by Adele Kwan and wanted to read another one if it seemed interesting and was written in the same style. Olga wasn't sure, however, whether she should spend part of her savings on Kwan's latest book, The Newcomer. She hoped the following book reviews in her high school newspaper would help her make a decision.Novel Without a PlotBy Carlo DanteI just finished reading Adele Kwan's latest novel, The Newcomer, and was disappointed. In my opinion the book does not have enough plot to be considered a novel. The newcomer in this book is Violet Wang. She's fifteen when her family moves from San Francisco's Chinatown to a small town in Washington State. In this town everyone knows each other, and none of the other residents are Chinese. Violet's challenge is to fit in. Sensitive and intelligent, she amuses those who know her well but is shy and reserved with strangers.These circumstances could have provided the basis for an interesting story. I particularly enjoyed learning about Chinese American culture and Violet's strong family ties. However, this book has no real plot. There is no action to follow. Instead the author emphasizes what is happening in Violet's head as she finds her way in her new home. We are introduced to new characters and situations only as they are viewed by the introspective Violet. When she arrives at her new school, for example, the reader is forced to endure page after page describing Violet's classrooms, classmates, and teachers, with no excitement to keep us involved in the story.If this had been a historical novel, at least the text could have elucidated what life was like during a past era. If it had been a mystery, I would have had a reason to move from one page to the next. Furthermore, Violet would have had a more intriguing way to demonstrate her intelligence and sensitivity.As it is, I found The Newcomer uninteresting. The lack of plot and the reliance on a single character to support the entire book make for a dull, slow-moving reading experience. Although Ms. Kwan writes well, she has failed to presser a story worth reading.A Book to CherishBy Rachel BlytheIn last week's edition I read "Novel Without a Plot" , an unflattering review of Adele Kwan's latest novel, I too, have read The Newcomer, and I strongly disagree with.Carlo Dante's evaluation of this fine novel. Dante claims The Newcomer lacks a plot. He fails to recognize that some novels are plot-driven and others are character-centered. Clearly Dante prefers to read the former and feels justified in imposing his preference on all of us. There are many readers who do not require a story to propel us feverishly from one action-packed moment to the next. We are content to get to know an interesting character who encounter challenges and tries various ways to overcome them.Violet Wang is a wonderful example of this type of character, and we are fortunate that the novel is told from her point of view. We first experience her world in San Francisco, where she is surrounded by Chinese American traditions and the support of an extended family. We feel her confusion and traumatic sense of loss as she must leave all that is familiar to her.When Violet arrives in the area that will be her new home, we see its beauty and mystery through her eyes. As she tries to adjust to life in a place where she feels like an outsider, many of us may remember similar times in our own lives. We ache when she hurts and feel triumph in our hearts when she experiences progress.I won't tell you why. Violet has had to make such a drastic life change or how she comes to terms with it. Unlike Dante, I think that most readers would greatly enjoy this book. In these times of action-adventure movies and computer games, many have lost the patience to be readers, thinkers, and emotional beings. I think that someone who fails to see the value in this book is missing out on a lot.21 When Olga read Rachel Blythe's review, she probably felt______.（A）encouraged（B）indifferent（C）confused（D）depressed22 Which of these is the best summary of the passage?（A）Voicing his disappointment in Adele Kwan's latest novel, Carlo Dante writes a book review criticizing the book as uninteresting lacking in plot.（B）To help her decide whether to purchase Adele Kwan's new book, The Newcomer, Olga reads opposing book reviews in her high school newspaper.（C）As a supporter of character-centered novels, Rachel Blythe writes a book review defending Adele Kwan's The Newcomer because she feels many people will enjoy the book.（D）Olga enjoys the character-centered books of Adele Kwan and would like to read another one if it is interesting and is written in the same style.23 Based on information in the reviews, with which statement would both Carlo Dante and Rachel Blythe probably agree?（A）The Newcomer is an action-adventure story.（B）Violet is outgoing, even around strangers.（C）The Newcomer is a powerful and captivating book.（D）Violet has a strong bond with family members.24 Which conclusion is best supported by information in the passage?（A）Rachel Blythe and Olga have similar reading tastes.（B）Adele Kwan is a best-selling author.（C）Rachel Blythe does not read novels that are plot-driven.（D）Violet has become more outspoken since her move.25 Based on information in the passage, the reader can conclude Violet's primary source of conflict stems from her______.（A）not being fluent in Chinese（B）difficulties with her schoolwork（C）parents being extremely strict（D）family's move to Washington State25 My objective is to analyze certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repressionor law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally,I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another,a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law, or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strengthens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions that isolate them from one another, and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more "peripheral" effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analyzing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent forms of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, inert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in turn to arrest their movement. One needs to be communalistic, no doubt; power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowedwith; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.26 The author's primary purpose in defining power is to______.（A）counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term（B）increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples（C）demonstrate how the meaning of the term has evolved（D）avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term27 According to the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power?（A）Law is the protector of power.（B）Law is the source of power.（C）Law sets bounds to power.（D）Law is a product of power.28 Which of the following methods is NOT used extensively by the author in describing his own conception of power?（A）Restatement of central ideas.（B）Provision of concrete examples.（C）Analysis and classification.（D）Comparison and contrast.29 The author's attitude toward the various kinds of compulsion employed by social institutions is best described as______.（A）concerned and sympathetic（B）scientific and detached（C）suspicious and cautious（D）reproachful and disturbed30 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes the conflict among social forces to be（A）essentially the same from one society to another even though its outward manifestation may seem different（B）usually the result of misunderstandings that impede social progress（C）an inevitable feature of the social order of any state（D）best moderated in states that possess a strong central government30 Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France's national defense.He understood their " legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added, "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional. "The President's decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993 , an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac's announcement was generally positive.Among people who completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training-—"I only fired a rifle twice"—but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It's not fair, some do it, some don't. "Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. At present, women have the option of voluntary service and a small number choose to take it.31 President Chirac's decision, announced on TV, on ending conscription seemedto______.（A）have got no consensus from military officers（B）have curbed disagreement among the officers（C）be an apology made to the military academy（D）be an understanding of all military officers32 In place of military service, President Chirac proposed the establishment of______. （A）a new military academy（B）a rite of passage for young Frenchmen（C）conscription over a period of six years（D）professional armed forces33 What worries people who have recently completed their military service about the reform?（A）A lack of experience that helps build national morale.（B）The injustice arising from voluntary military service.（C）A shortage of recruit.（D）The weakening of national defense.34 We learn from the passage that French women______.（A）are greeting the reform with enthusiasm（B）are not eligible to serve in the army（C）do not face compulsory military service（D）hate to be exempted from military service35 Which of the following would be the best for the title of this passage?（A）Fairness in Conscription Is Desirable.（B）Chirac Administration Meets Objections.（C）Soul of France Is to Be Kept with Arms.（D）Few French Regret the Farewell to Arms.三、英译汉36 Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your answer sheet.And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workers—from the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and America—and I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.37 On the top shelf of the case are some English works, among which may be mentioned Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding, Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott, The Old Curious Shop by Charles Dickens, Vanity Fair by William Thackeray, Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, The Way of all Flesh by Samuel Butler, The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Stevenson, The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, The Man of Property by John Galsworthy, and Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw.四、汉译英38 Translate the following passage into English. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your answer sheet.这几天心里颇不宁静。
[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 John Keats2 Lord of the Flies3 William Blake4 Determinism in American naturalistic fiction5 Light in August二、单项选择题6 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?（A）to promote reason, equality and science（B）to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideas（C）to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited, with infinite potential for intellectual development（D）to hold the belief that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education7 "The Landscape Near an Aerodrome"is a poem by______.（A）Stephen Spender（B）T. S. Eliot（C）Robert Browning（D）Wystan Hugh Auden8 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.9 One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning's poetry is his use of______. （A）classical vocabulary（B）satire（C）dramatic monologue（D）exaggeration10 Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe the character of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?（A）generous（B）capricious（C）charitable（D）frivolous11 Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the______.（A）Giled Age（B）Jazz Age（C）Frontier Era（D）American Revolutionary Age12 Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels? （A）Henry James（B）Ralph Waldo Emerson（C）William Faulkner（D）Mark Twain13 Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?（A）Martin Eden（B）The Grapes of Wrath（C）Winesburg Ohio（D）The Ambassadors14 Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of______.（A）Romanticism（B）Realism（C）Naturalism（D）Modernism15 "Grace under pressure" is a typical sign of the______.（A）frontier people（B）Hemingway's heroes（C）early immigrants（D）struggle for survival三、问答题16 Briefly comment on "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth.17 Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms.。
(完整版)全国2013年7月自考英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604
绝密★考试结束前浙00604 #英災文学选读试题第1页（共8页）全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码:00604请考生按規定用笔将所有试題的答案涂■写在答題纸上。
选择题部分注意事项:1. 答题前•考生务必将白己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔 填写在答题纸規定的位置上.2. 每小题选岀答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂恳.如需改动，用橡 皮擦F 净后•再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试题卷上.I . Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statemenL Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B t C or D on the answer sheet.A. A Tale of a Tub C. The Battle of theB. Guilliver" s Travels D. A Modest Proposal浙00604#英美文学选读试题 第2页（共8页）5・ Henry Fielding's novel __________ is a masterpiece on the subject of the story of the un- fortunate life of an idealized woman f a maudlin picture of the social life at the time. A. The History of Jonathan Wild the Great B. The History of Tom Jones a Foundling C. The History of AmeliaD. The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams.6. William Blake* s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs ofExperience is 9 and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historicalreference.B ・ woman D. childhood7・ In _______ 9 Shakespeare has not only madea profound analysis of the social crisis inwhich the evils can be seen evcrjwhere t but also criticized the bourgeois egoism. A. MacbethC. K ing Lear 8. The following line "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" was written by10・ Charles Dickens * novel ________ is famous for its vivid description of the wodchouseand life of the underworld in the nineteenth - century London ・11 • The works of ________ are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle - class working women, particularly governesses ・12. From ______ on t the tragic sence becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy* s novels.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge D ・ Jude theObscureA ・freedomC. povertyB. OthelloD. HamletA. The Pickwick Paper C. David CopperfieldB. Oliver Twist D. Nicholas Nickleby A ・ Charlotte BronteC. Thomas Hardy B ・ Jane AustenD. D. H. Lawrence9. All of the following novels are written by Jane Austen EXCEPT _ A. Pride and Prejudice B. Sense and Sensibility C. Emma D. Agnes Grey13・ Beniard Shaw f s play _________ is a grotesquely realistic exposure of slum landlord・ism.A.CandidaB. Widowers1 HousesC.Mrs. Warren，s Profession D・Caesar and Cleopatr14. Generally speaking9 ___________ is the best of T. S. Eliot f s plays in the sense that itcontains the best poetry and the most coherent drama・A.Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Confidential Clerk15・ In D・ H・ Lawrence* s novel ________ f Lawrence declared that any repression of the sexual impulse based on social t religious, or moral values of the civilized world would cause severe damage to the harmony of human relationships and the psychic health of the individual' s personality.A.Kangaroo B・The RainbowC. Women in LoveD. Lady Chatterley^s Lover16.De H. Lawrence f s novel __________ is regarded to be a more profoundly ordered novelthan any other written by I^awrence・A. Sons and Lovers B・The RainbowC. Women in Love D・Lady Chatterley^ s Lover17.Hie first and second parts of ___________ are undoubtedly the most widely read amongShakespeare，s history plays.A. Henry IVB. Henry VC. Henry VID. Henry VIII18.In the following writings by Henry Fielding9 _____________ brings him the name of theM Prose Homer”.A.The History of Jonathan Wild the GreatB.The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingC.The History of AmeliaD・The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams ・19.With so many poems like "The Sparrow1 s Nest." u To a Skylark t w 44To the Click-oo「"To a Butterfly,w__________ is regarded as a u worshiper of nature・wA. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. T. S・ EliotD. Willium Shakespeare浙00604#英黃文学选读试聽第3页（共8页）浙00604 #英貝文学选渎试題第4页（共8页）20. Stories of ________ provide the major themes in all Jane Austen 9 s novels, in whichfemale characters are always playing an active part. B ・ pursuit of truth D ・ adventures21. In _________ , one of Dickens * later works t Dickens presents a criticism of theemmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management of affairs and keep die innocent in prison for life. A. Bleak House D. A Tale of Two Cities22. Bemurd Shaw wrote quite a few history plays, in which he kept an eye onthe contem ・ porary society. The important plays of this group are __ . A. Back to Methuselah and The Apple Cart B ・ Caesar and Cleopatra and St. JoanC. Widowers' Houses and Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionD. Mrs. Warren 1 s Profession and The Apple Cart23・ Henry James was the first American writer to conceive his career in ____________ terms.A. inteEdtional B ・ local C. domesticD ・ national24. The ________ technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkneer to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator. A ・ colloquialism B ・ modeE stream — of — consciousness C. imagismD ・ exaggeration25. Hawthorne f s The House of the Seven Gables was based on the tradition of a _____________pronounced on the autlior ，s family when his great ■ grandfather was a judge in the Sa ・ lem witchcraft trials. A ・ prize B ・ praise C. curseD. bless26. Hemingway * s _______ is a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerablenatural forces in which only a partial victory is possible.B. Little DorritC. Hard TimesA. love and marriageA. The Old Man and the SeaB.To Have and Have NotC. The Sun Also Rises D・White Shark浙00604 #英貝文学选渎试題第4页（共8页）浙00604#英美文学选读试题第6页（共8页）27・ The white whale, ________ , symbolizes nature for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable 9 malignant and beautiful as well ・ A. Tom Sawyer B ・ Martin Eden C. Mark TwainD. Moby Dick28. According to Whilinan t the fast growth of industry and wealth in cities indicated a live ・ ly futureof a nation, despite the crowded, noisy und squalid conditions and the slack ・ ncss in • A. morality B. education C. democracyD ・ regulation29・ Mark Twain shaped the world 1 s view of America arid made a more extensive combina ・ tion ofAmerican _______________ and serious literature than previous writers had ever done. A. folk humor B. noble arts C ・ current eventsD. religious belief30・ Henry James* s __________ 9 a novella about a young American girl who gets "killed ”by the winter in Rome, brought him international fame for the first time ・ A. The Princess Casamassima B. The Portrait of A Lady C. Daisy MillerD. The Wings of the Dove31 ・ Emily Dickinson* s poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity tness. A. euphemism C ・ complexityD. ambiguity32・ Theodore Dreiser is a proliGc writer, among which, ___________ is the best known, tree ・ing the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G ・ W ・ Hurstwood ・ A. The StoicB. The GeniusD ・ Sister Carrie33. Robert Frost * s A Masque of Reason and A Masque of Mercy are comic _ serious dramaticnarratives, in both of which biblical characters in modem settings discuss________ a nd mail 1 s relations to God ・B. passion D ・ ethics34. Fitzgerald was a most representative figure of the 1920s, who was ____________ of theciting age in almost every way.and plain-B. directnessC. The Titan A. nature C. lawsA. mirror B・victimC・ scapegoat D・loser35.The book ________ is the first to present a Hemingway hero — Nick Adams.A. The Sun Also Rises B・In Our TimeC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. The Old Man and the Old Sea36.In 1950, Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for the _______________ Intruder in theDust.A. anti ■ racist B・ anti - warC. anti - feministD. anti - sexist37.Hawthonie' s intellectuals are usually villains 9 dreadful because they are devoid ofA. warmth and feeling B・ I OVE and hatredC. needs and supplies D・ friends and family38.In his early works t Melville is more enthusiastic about setting out on a quest for the meaning of .A. life B・ universeC. politics D・ democracy39・ The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was, according to Whitman, to behave as a supreme ____________ •A. individualist B・ collectivistC. historian D・ racist40.The rich material of Mark Twain* s boyhood experience ____________ became the endlessresources for his fiction.A. on die Rocky Mountain B・ in the desertC・ on the Atlantic D・ on the Mississippi非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上.浙00604#英美文学选读试题第7页（共8页）II • Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers on the answer sheet.41.For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude；And then my heart with pleasure Glls9And dances with the daffodils.Questions:A.Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken・B.Explain in a few words that inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude".C.How is the core of the poetic beliefs of the poet manifested in this poem?42.43 44 Am 1 a liar in your eyes?" he asked passionately. M Little sceptic t you shall be convinced・ What love have I for Miss Ingram? None： and that you know・ What love has she for me?None： as I have taken pains to prove： I caused a rumour to reach her that my fortune was not a third of what was supposed. and after that I presented myself to see the result: it was coldness both from her and her mother. I would not — I could not — marry Miss Ingrain. You — you strange —you almost unearthly thing! — I love as my own flesh・ You — poor and obscure, and small and plain as you are — I entreat to accept me as a husband. ”Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this excerpt is taken.B.Who is the speaker?C.What' s the image of the heroine?44.° Poor little Faith\9 thought he, for his heart smote him. * What a wretch am I 9to leave her onsuch an errand \ She talks of dreams, too. Methought, as she spoke , there was trouble in her face as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. But no, no! " would kill her to ythink it. Well； she* s a blessed angel on earth； and after this one night , I'll cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven.' Questions:43 ・ He smiled understandingly — much more than underetandingly. It was one of thoserare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced —or seemed to face —the whole external world for ail instant ,and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It derstood you just as far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself, and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at your best, you hoped to convey.Questions:A.Identify the author and die title of the novel from which die excerpt is taken.B.Who is "He"in the excerpt?C・ What is going on in this part of the novel?浙00604#英矣文学选址试题第8页（共8页）A・ Identify the author and the title of the work from which the above excerpt is taken・ B・What d<x» "he" refer to in the cxccrpt and what is he about to do tonight?C・ Briefly describe the character1 s feelings.HI • Questions and Answers (24 points in all. 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English* Write your answers on the answer sheet.45.What are the characteristics of Shelley *» poetry diat make him one of the leading Romanticpoets?46.What are the characteristics of Charles Dickens1 character portrayal?47.Wliat are the characteristics of Henry James * s realism from the perspective of psychologicalemphasis.48.What are the features of Walt Whitman * s poetry in terms of his "free verse"?IV・ Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English on the answer sheet.49.Discuss briefly the writings of D. H・ Lawrence in thematic concerns and artistic tend・ encywith reference to Sons and Lovers・50.Emily Dickinson is a great American poetess, and she addresses those issues that con・ cem thewhole human beings within her little lyrics. Briefly discuss the themes of her lyrics ・1. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes a(n ) ______________ attitude toward love andyoutli, and the roniaiitic elements are brought into full play.A・ pessimistic B. sarcasticC・ passive D・ optimistic2. Among John Milton * s major poetical works, ___________ is the most perfect example ofthe verse drama after the Greek style in English・A.Paradise LostB. Paradise regainedC・Samson Agonistes D・Aeopagitica3. Friday is a character in the novel ____________ •A.Gulliver1 2 3 4 s TravelsB. Tom JonesC. Robinson CrusoeD. A Modest Proposal4. In _________ 9 by suggesting tliat poor Irish parents sell their babies to the rich Englishlords and ladies a» food, Jonathan Swift is making the most devastating protest ugainst theinhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the English ruling class・浙00604#英集文学选读试題第7页(共8页)。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题.doc
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty11.The general opinion is that he is ______ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as ______ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn"t all ______.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16.______ ever so humble, there"s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey"s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury", we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the factthat an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual"s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyernment agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized thatthe influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group"s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today"s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Morn used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother"s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1)."Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used ______.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer"s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are "social symbols" they ______.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demonstrate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell"s and Edelman"s studies are important in that they ______.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsanize collective attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture"s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television ______.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Section 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, "You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am." So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician —but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappiness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God"s command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God"s bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it, while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof of the Oracle.After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had .over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters of the greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalf of the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a "wise man", thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that men"s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, "He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all."（分数：12.00）(1).When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by "being wise" ? When he says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of "wisdom" has he in mind?When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of "wisdom" or second?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ "I"ve been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn"t seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!" "Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention.""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don"t know... I haven"t even given it a thought.I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn"t pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You"d be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There"s a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart"s invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically, for the complete utilization of atomic energy."Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?" Marek glanced at him with some surprise."Modem science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity.""That"s tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you"re not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth. , this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. I invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that"s nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I"ve been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?" "Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?""I"m a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. "No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It"s combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, "Look here, if you haven"t come here about my Karburator, Bondy, you can go. ""Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, "For twenty years I"ve been working on it, and now—now, I"ll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it"s something really amazing.""No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy."No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?""Aha," said Bondy. "So we"re going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You"ve got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it"s all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please.""I"m in favor of "combustion"!" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar.""But "disintegration" is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you were to cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..." "Run loose!""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don"t you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don"t lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won"t you have a cigar?""No, I won"t. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand.""It"s just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when there is perfect combustion, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It"s ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence, compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That"s how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That"s not bad.""Pflüger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pflüger exaggerates.""Decidedly.""l have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!""The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair."I can"t give you the exact number of hours. I"ve been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it"s still going on... and on... and on."Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. "Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You"re surely.., er... a bit.., er... overworked."Marek"s hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you"d only get up physics a bit,I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involvesa whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you"ll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself—go on—go now! You won"t understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won"t you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don"t stay down there long.""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it"s not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn"t come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I"ll wait here. Then you can tell me..."Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for a while (quite mad, no doubt whatever about it) and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armourplated safe in a bank. And now let"s have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.Perhaps it was the draught from the ventilator or something—but Mr. Bondy felt a peculiar breeze upon his brow, and an eerie sensation as though his hair were standing on end; and then it seemed。
2013年四川大学考研真题MTI考研真题翻译硕士
2013年四川大学MTI考研真题回忆版翻硕英语题型和2012年是一样一样滴前10道是替换后10道词汇语法反正也不会重复考就不多说了阅读第一篇是关于司法第二篇？？？三四篇是回答问题的那种第三篇是讲苏格拉底第四篇超级长问题却很简单害我浪费时间看了半天。
很诡异很诡异因为那人是个神经病我还记得主人公名字叫Marek 和 Bondy作文也是给了一篇文章说教育部出台了减负方案家长不乐意了不能让孩子输在起跑线上什么什么的老生常谈了让根据文章写作文翻译基础1.SAARC2.P5-plus-13.QE 34.Social media5.CO2 equivalent6.BRICS7.Mandatory evacuation8.UN General Assembly 67th Session9.Non-Aligned movement10.CDM11.Hamid karzai12.十八大13.移动媒体14.亚欧首脑会议15.光棍节16.早稻田大学17.海上风能18.反倾销与反补贴19.上海期货交易所20.车载信息系统21.伦敦金融城22.电视相亲23.文心雕龙还有7个想不起来了。
静候别的同学补充。
答案LZ犯懒就不贴了哈哈大家可以思考一下英译汉1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。
四川大学2013年英语英语语言文学方向考研试题回忆版
四川大学2013年英语英语语言文学方向考研试题回忆版综英部分一、欧洲文化和美国文化1.名词解释Gulf WarMarshall PlanHarlem RenaissanceNoah’s ArkGothic2.简答题1) Why consider Martin Luther more of a humanist than a religious leader? (no more than150words)2) Try to explain in America the 1960s-70s is “the decades of change”. (no more than150words)3.问答题How do you think Barack Obama rise to presidency？(no more than 400 words)二、英美文学1.名词解释Lord of the FliesWilliam BlakeDeterminism in American Naturalistic FictionJohn KeatsLight of August2.选择题（不做回忆了这个，考了一些流派的内容）3.简答题Briefly comment on “I wondered lonely as a cloud” by William Wordsworth.Make a comment on Ernest Hemmingway’s work “A Farewell to Arms”.三、语言学1.名词解释arbitrariness & motivationillocutionary actideal speakertextual functiondescriptive adequacy2.下定义&举例blendinghomonymyloanwordbound morphemestylistic meaning3.简答题What are the three types of homonymy?What does pragmatic reasoning mean?4.问答题有些人认为中文是原始的语言，表意不咋清楚，又没什么逻辑性，不像欧洲的语言更高等，句子结构严谨（blablabla~~~）你同意这个观点吗？说明同意或不同意的原因。
四川大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题
四川大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part I: Reading Comprehension (30%)Direction：Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosingA，B，C or D. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Over the past several decades, the U. S.，Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolvedmysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman crea-turessuch as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begunto receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Incacivilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unu-sual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senselessmess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1，000 feel—meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B. C. ，when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now，any nearby mountain rangesfrom which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writ-er Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways fortheir aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years several other theories have been put fort h, but none hasbeen accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result ofthe creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery fromLatin America^ past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the rightdirection.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.巳.Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.0. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.2. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found ______________ .A. in mountains 巳.Pin stones C. on animals D. on a plain3. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the _____________ the images they present.A. smaller 巳.larger C. clearer D.brighter4. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly becauseof _________ .A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the Internet0. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet5. The author is _________ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautious.B. pessimistic 0. uncertain D.optimisticPassage 2Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’svoices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient,and subordinate. At the beginning of 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, politicalab-solutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The TrewLawof Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron；by that ideology the absolute power ofGod thesupreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and inthehusband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first to her fatherandthen to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and ofallChristians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynistsermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils,rebelliousness, shrewishness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Eliza-bethan era (1558——1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who providedan impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Eliza-bethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with trans-lation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write origi-nal texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was providedby female communities —mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close fe-male friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James’consort) and her often op-positional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a rea-sonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasion-ally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms forimagining women’s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female charactersin literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic socialconstruct of women’s nature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistenceon every Christian’s immediate r elationship with God and primary responsibility to follow hisor her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewherein the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notablyGalatians 3: 28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality:“There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor fe-male: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ. ” Such texts encouraged some women to claim thesupport of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed tostand toward them in his stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. Englishwomen throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of actual power；as managers ofestates in their husbands’absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions；as members of guilds；as wives and mothers who sometimes dominated their men by sheerforce of personality or outright defiance. Their power reached its apex during the EnglishCivil War and Interregnum (1640—60) as the execution of the King and the attendant dis-ruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles —as preachers, as proph-etesses ,as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.6. What is the best title for this passage?A. Women’s Position in the 17th Century.巳.Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.C. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.D. Women’s Objection in the 17t h Century.7. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?A. She set an impressive female example to follow.巳.She dominated the culture.C. She did little.D. She allowed women to translate something.8. Which of the following is not mentioned as a reason to enable women to originaltexts?A. Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.B. Queen Anne’s political activities.C. Most women had a good education.D. Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.9. What did the religion do for the women?A. It did nothing.B. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.C. It supported women.D. It appealed to the God.10. What does the word “apex” mean in the last paragraph?A. the lowest pointB. the endC. ultimateD. summitPassage 3I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am sotiredthat, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me；itis the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long blackhair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore threesilk ribbons, blue, green，and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girl-friends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”，so I put my hand to my own hair and, with threefingers against my head；I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful. ” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles andcircles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laosbargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few wordsi was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that Iunderstood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in dis-agreement over the price；then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer Imade. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid forall three at the price set；that way i was able to pay her three times as much before shehad a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, forthe first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handedthem to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind inmarketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t，of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard；without knowing, I have alsolearned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaperthat the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel somethingcool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silkribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as ifI could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.11. Which of the following in NOT correct?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D. The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.12. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because womanA. thought that the last offer was reasonableB. thought she could still make much moneyC. was glad that the writer knew their way of bargainingD. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more13. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A. The skirts were cheap and pretty.B. She liked the patterns on the skirts.C. She wanted to do something as compensation.D. She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.14. When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because __________ .A. she had learned to stay cool and unfeelingB. she was afraid of crying in publicC. she had learned to face difficulties bravelyD. she had to show in public that she was strong15. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A. she suddenly felt very sad.B. she liked the ribbons so much.C. she was overcome by emotion.D. she felt sorry for the woman.Passage 4When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the Eng-lish language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of ourlanguage has always been a history of constant change —at times a slow, almost imper-ceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our languagehas always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significanttruth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possessionnot of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the com-mon, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been thetreasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and whohave struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possi-ble, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments thatare of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Sax-ons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the re-lationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of manyin-flections. Modern English has few infections. We must now depend largely on word orderand function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of chan-ges in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationshipsamong other words, a few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word in-flections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the lan-guage, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such matters as WHo or WHOmand Me or I. The second fact we must consiae«r is that as language itself changes, our atti-tudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, pro- duced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set inand grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluatelanguage practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.16. In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to ______________ .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards orproper patternsC. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or his-toryD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage17. Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in paragraph2.A. changes in the forms of words.B. changes in sentence structures.C. changes in spelling rules.D. words that have similar meanings.18. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the mod-ern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stagesof its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English lan-guage.19. The author of these paragraphs is probably a (an) _____________ .A. historian 巳.philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist20. Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?A. The history of the English language.B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C. Our changing language.D. Some characteristics of modern English.Passage 5We know very little about pain and what we don’t know makes it hut all the more. In-deed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance a-bout pain what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone canrattle off names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause all the way from headaches to hemorrhoids.There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting,that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result oftension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exer- cise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern soci-ety.The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminatethe abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers —aspirins,barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or de-sensitizing drugs.Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical professiontoday is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded withpeople who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to hap-pen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run for a doctor at thefirst sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequateattention topatients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soakedup by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psy-chogenic ache.Patients tend to feel indignant, and insulted if the physician tells them he can find noorganic cause for the pain. They tend to interpret the term “psychogenic” to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the factthat many cases of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as men- tioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimesa pain may be a manifestation of “conversion hysteria”，the name given by Jean Charcotto physical symptoms that have their origins in emotional disturbances.Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of apotentially serious illness. Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctorthat they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglectis not tne answer io hypochondiid. They only answer has to be increased education aboutthe way the human body works, so that more people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symp-toms.Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the“threshold” variety. Almost everyone has a telltale ache that is triggered whenever tensionor fatigue reaches a certain point, it can take the form of a migraine type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or even pain in the joints. The individualwho has learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains and their causedoesn’t panic when they occur, he or she does something about relieving the stress andtension.If the pain persists despite the absence of apparent symptoms, the individual will tele-phone the doctor.21. What does the sentence u It is all too evident…” (Paragraph 4) mean?A. It is obviously true that people should consult a doctor as soon as they feel pain.巳.It is useless to ask people to seek advice from doctors the minute they feel painful.C. The suggestion that people go to see a doctor immediately if they feel pain hassome bad effect.D. The campaign against pain will be lost if people don’t go to see a doctor when theyfeel pain.22. a hypochondria is someone who ___________ .A. ignores doctor’s advice and warningsB. is afraid of going to see doctorsC. always complain about having symptoms that don’t actually existD. always telltales pain-killers23. It can be concluded from the passage that ____________ .A. most cares of pain are caused by hysteriaB. if a pain isn’t organic，it’s very likely to be psychogenicC. pain-kill ing industry won’t be encouraged in the futureD. doctors seldom prescribe pain-killers to patients24. They author wrote this article to ___________ .A. explain how pain-killers workB. call for understanding between doctors and patientsC. illustrate the harm of taking too much pain-killersD. teach the right attitude to pain25. What does the word “telltale” (Paragraph 7) mean?A. not obviousB. scaryC. not preciseD. gorgeousPassage 6Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man. When he died in 1963 he must have ex-pired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press thenext day. After all, his career had not been without distinction. Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated. As a resultHuxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he fool-ishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr. Konstantin Cherenkov. Now, asyou all know, Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip, the paper milk cartontoo. And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten thename of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke isThe same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a fewmonths ago. Fell off his trolley, so to speak. For all i know, he may be a household namein his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley, and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we usedto collect when we were younger and wiser, but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country. Personally i forgot it within minutes of reading ofhis decease.Not that it matters. Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and super-market trolleys having had a named inventor. It’s like discovering that at a particular mo-ment of history a particular person invented the spoon, or the chair, or socks. One as- sumes that these everyday objects just happened, or evolved through natural selection.It isn’t necessarily so. I read only the other day that Richard li invented the handker-chief. Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci (scissors, bicy- cles, helicopters, and probably spoons, socks and the Rubik cube as well) or by Benja- min Franklin (lightning-conductor, rocking-chair, bifocals) or else by Joseph Stalin (tele-vision).It’s quite possible that Leo nardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the super-market trolley. Certainly it has been invented more than once. Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called) in his grave than news came of the death ofvan N. Goodman at the age of 86. Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or, as theLos Angeles Times report calls it，the shopping cart.Be that as it may, Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman，or both, did a grand job andmade supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be. The next step willbe to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets. You could put an engine in thefront and call it a car. Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram. The possibili-ties are endless.26. It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss _____________ .A. was remembered by the people all over worldB. made a lot of money from his inventionC. was not very famousD. was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman27. The author writes this article in order to illustrate that ____________ .A. the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgotten巳.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selectionC. many everyday objects are invented more than onceD. many famous people have passed away without being noticed28. Who probably invented spoons?A. Leonardo da Vinci.B. Benjamin Franklin.C. Victor Farris.D. a person unknown.29. By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the authormeans _________ .A. he really did itB. he is a military scientistC. he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicoptersD. people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong30. What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?A. His death was not reported by the press.巳.He was a famous inventor.C. He made a very big mistake in his late years.the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.B. AtC.OnD. Withthe wall, wedecided that we shouldneed three tins of paint.B. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up the whole, early American city planning was excellent. B.FromC. OnD. Abovewe are having these days!A. What a lovely weatherB. What lovely weathersC. What lovely weatherD. What lovely a weather 35. _ _______ ，a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rap-idly than a man whose command oflanguage is poor.A. Other things being equalC. To be equal to other things36. _________ ，he does not love her.A. As he likes her very much C. Much although he likes her37. a drunk man walked in, __________ A. repulsiveB. reluctant38. a good many houses ________ A. was 巳.were39. a good teacher must know how to _______A. convey 巳.displayC. consultD.confront40. a large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, isconditions or events.A. in response toB. in favor ofC. in contrast toD.inexcess ofD. He died on the same day as John F. Kennedy. Part II: Vocabulary (10%) 31. A. In32. _______ A. Making up 33. _______ A. In 34.B. Were other things equal D. Other things to be equal巳.Though much he likes herD. Much though he likes her_ in appearance.C. reproachfulD. reputedknocked down by the earthquake.C. isD. arehis ideas.41. Due to personality __________ ，the two colleagues never got on well inwork.A. contradiction 巳.conflict C. confrontation D.competition42. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _________________ in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out43. There were 150 _________ at the international conference this summer.A. spectators 巳.viewers C. participants D.onlookers44. School started on a _________ cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC. suchD. frozen45. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick,action.A. determining 巳.defensive C. demanding D. decisive46. The team has been working overtime on the research project _____________ .A. lately 巳.just now C. late D. longago47. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the regionremained _________ .A. motionless 巳.inactive C. stagnant D.immobile48. The police had difficulty in __________ the fans from rushing on to thestage to takephotos with the singer.A. limiting 巳.restraining C. confining D. restricting49. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final ____________to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC. commentsD. touches50. His ________ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgence 巳.habit C. action D. engagement。
2013高考英语真题四川卷及答案
2013高考英语真题四川卷第Ｉ卷（选择题共90分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1. —I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—_______.A. I really envy youB. Glad to hear thatC. Sounds greatD. Take it easy2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the small ones.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _______ for us!A. waitsB. was waitingC. waitedD. is waiting4. Read this story, _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.A. orB. andC. butD. so5. —Why are your eyes are so red? You _______ have slept well last night.—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. can‟tB. mustn‟tC. needn‟tD. won‟t6. _______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. WhenB. HowC. WhatD. That7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _______ he wants to.A. even ifB. as ifC. becauseD. before8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where10.The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being comparedB. to be completedC. completedD. having been completed第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）“Look, it‟s Baldy!” A boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though I was used to regular insults（侮辱）because of the 11 on my head, it was 12 horrible to hear. I sighed as I headed back to the class.When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full of hot oil on my head. I was 14 to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors 15 to save my life. “Holly‟s very 16 to be alive,” they told Mum and Dad. “But she‟ll be 17 with scars on her head, and of course her hair won‟t grow there.”As a child, I cared much about my scars, so I 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home.19 I didn‟t, people would call me horrible names like Baldy. Although my friends were always comforting me, they never 20 understand how it felt.Then through the hospital I was 21 to children camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so 23 that she never lets anyone put her down. “You shouldn‟t 24 what people say about what you look like because we‟re not different from anyone else, Holly,” she 25 me. “And you don‟t need to wear a scarf because you look great 26 it!” For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who‟d been through something 27 . So weeks later, my 13th birthday party, 28 by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars. It felt amazing not having to 29 away behind my scarf.Now, I am 30 of what I look like and much happier because I have realized it is your personality （个性）that decides who you truly are.11. A. hat B. scarf C. scars D. cuts12. A. still B. just C. never D. seldom13. A. hunger B. cold C. defeats D. burns14. A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15. A. learned B. fought C. returned D. decided16. A. happy B. lucky C. lonely D. poor17. A. pressed B. occupied C. left D. painted18. A. possibly B. usually C. finally D. nearly19. A. Although B. Since C. If D. Before20. A. correctly B. roughly C. easily D. really21. A. promoted B. introduced C. reported D. carried22. A. met B. recognized C. remembered D. caught23. A. honest B. strong C. active D. young24. A. write down B. agree with C. pass on D. listen to25. A. promised B. encouraged C. ordered D. calmed26. A. in B. for C. without D. beyond27. A. similar B. strange C. hard D. important28. A. allowed B. required C. guided D. inspired29. A. hide B. give C. keep D. put30. A. sick B. away C. tired D. proud第二部分阅读理解（共两节，共50分）A31. What you have just read is a _______.A. noteB. reportC. scheduleD. poster32. What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013?A. A big event to welcome a Chinese new year.B. A social gathering to raise money for wildlife.C. A party for close friends to meet and have fun.D. A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?A. $20.B. $40.C. $60.D. $80.34. Which of the following statements is true?A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.B. It‟s un necessary to take soft drinks with you.C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.BOn a Sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.Two-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they‟d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quite in my head,” Tim recalls（回忆）. I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella!”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him.“Let‟s aim for the pier（码头）,” Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys‟ faces.“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.35. Why did the two boys go to the sea?A. To go boat rowing.B. To get back their football.C. To swim in the open water.D. To test the umbrella as a sail.36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The beach.B. The water.C. The boat.D. The wind.37. Why did Tim raise his head regularly?A. To take in enough fresh air.B. To consider turning back or not.C. To check his distance from the boys.D. To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.38. How did the two boys finally reach the pier?A. They were dragged to the pier by Tim.B. They swam to the pier all by themselves.C. They were washed to the pier by the waves.D. They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.CLONDON —A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake（假冒的）bomb detectors （探测器）to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn‟t cared about potentially deadly consequenc es.It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf finder — to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia.McCormick, 57, was convicted（判罪）of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. “You have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”The detector, sold for up to $42,000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombsunder water and from the air. But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and we re of no use.McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya, the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.“I never had any bad results from customers,” he said.39. Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?A. He sold bombs.B. He caused death of people.C. He made detectors.D. He cheated in business.40. According to the judge, what McCormick had done ________.A. increased the cost of safeguardingB. lowered people‟s guard against security.C. changed pe ople‟s idea of social security.D. caused innocent people to commit crimes.41. Which of the following is true of the detectors?A. They have not been sold to Africa.B. They have caused many serious problems.C. They can find dangerous objects in water.D. They don‟t function on the basis of science.42. It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick _______.A. sold the equipment at a low priceB. was well-known in most countriesC. did not think he had committed the crimeD. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the textDHome to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia（怀旧）. It‟s fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You‟ll realize what‟s changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, love and some other experiences; we parted here; my parents met here; I won there championships here.If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It‟s empty, but it‟s where my earliest memories are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween — when I didn‟t want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at this table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents 'room. It is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime — waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.I‟m lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property （住宅）on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew, and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it‟s where I‟ll find my fami ly, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I‟ll be blamed by Mom. But I don‟t mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I‟m home.43. Why does the author call her parents bed her “safe zone”（Paragraph 3）?A. It is her favorite place to play.B. Her needs can be satisfied there.C. Her grandparents “photos are lined on each side.D. Her parents always play together with her there.44. What can be learned from the passage?A. The old furnitur e is still in the author‟s first bedroom.B. The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.C. The author‟s favorite room in her first home is the dining room.D. Many people of the author‟s age can still find their first physical homes.45. Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will.A. open the window at nightB. lie down in bed to have a dreamC. try to bring back a sense of homeD. go to Los Angeles to visit her mom46. What is the author‟s purpose of writing this passage?A. To express how much she is attached to her home.B. To declare how much she loves her first house.C. To describe the state of her family.D. To look back on her childhood.EFear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggested that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said, “Our study show for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr. Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don‟t see —and guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person‟s feeling of fear. “We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain …speak‟ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear” Dr. Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dea lt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety, disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”47. What is the finding of the study?A. One‟s heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of one‟s relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something to do with one‟s health.D. One‟s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.48. The study was carried out by analyzing _______.A. volunteers‟ heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsC. volunteers‟ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication49. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machine.D. Treatment.50. This study may contribute to _______.A. treating anxiety and stress betterB. explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC. finding the key to the heart-brain communicationD. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 <u>Presumably</u>, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（A）Theoretically（B）Practically（C）Incredibly（D）Probably2 Silk, although it is considered a <u>delicate</u> fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（A）soft（B）sheer（C）fragile（D）refined3 It is anticipated that this contract will <u>substantially</u> increase sales over the next three years.（A）apparently（B）slightly（C）considerably（D）steadily4 Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely <u>resourceful</u> and versatile.（A）diligent（B）capable（C）clever（D）perfect5 What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the <u>fallible</u> procedure.（A）sublime（B）erroneous（C）plausible（D）impeccable6 What he expressed as a mere <u>supposition</u> was taken by others as a positive statement.（A）suspect（B）surmise（C）suspicion（D）surrender7 Her office in the First National Bank building is <u>provisional</u>.（A）permanent（B）temporary（C）corrupt（D）craven8 Any troop of wild animals should be approached <u>warily</u>.（A）fearlessly（B）confidently（C）silently（D）prudently9 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible <u>dynamism</u>. （A）energy（B）endurance（C）effort（D）endeavor10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise <u>jurisdiction</u> over a variety of misdemeanors.（A）guidance（B）sovereignty（C）authority（D）suzerainty11 The general opinion is that he is______to complain.（A）so much a milquetoast（B）too a milquetoast（C）too much of a milquetoast（D）so much of a milquetoast12 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as______the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（A）do（B）does（C）play（D）are13 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______last week.（A）to be started（B）to have started（C）to have been starting（D）start14 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______its grammatical structure.（A）the same are（B）and so are（C）as did（D）and so were15 Although money is always useful, it isn't all______.（A）what there is to life（B）to which there is in life（C）there is to life（D）that is in life16 ______ever so humble, there's no place like home.（A）It be（B）Be it（C）It was（D）Was it17 Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（A）but（B）the（C）much（D）any18 Professor Jeffrey's lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______can still be improved.（A）that the municipal authorities have done（B）how those the municipal authorities have done（C）how what the municipal authorities have done（D）that how the municipal authorities have done19 Most insulation devices of this kind,______manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（A）that are（B）which is（C）those are（D）as are20 The detective watched and saw the suspect______a hotel at the corner of the street. （A）getting off the taxi and walking into（B）got off the taxi and walked into（C）get off the taxi and walk into（D）got off the taxi to walk into二、Reading Comprehension20 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has somebearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has " committed perjury" , we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.21 In the development of a government agency, ______.（A）the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment（B）the function of law is important（C）the study of ordinance is the most important（D）practice is more important than criterion22 One of the prominent characteristics of a law is______.（A）the result on the individual's behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised（B）the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency（C）the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens（D）Both A and B23 What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（A）The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.（B）It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.（C）Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.（D）Both B and C24 The other distinguishing trait of the law is______.（A）punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels（B）rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control（C）a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature （D）any governmental reinforcement25 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（A）The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.（B）Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.（C）Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.（D）Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.25 " Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a " host-shout," " war cry," or " gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field. " English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons. " Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. " The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as " social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as " significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise. " Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for publicinteraction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an " overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising a-gency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga"(strike in Spanish)identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.26 "Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used______.（A）in the United States（B）in the Ireland（C）on the European continent（D）frequently in revolutionary rhetoric27 What is the writer's main purpose?（A）To explain the history of slogans.（B）To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.（C）To explain how slogans have changed.（D）To explain how slogans are used on television.28 Because slogans are "social symbols" they______.（A）can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settings（B）are widely used as status symbols（C）can be used to demonstrate high social standing（D）are perceived as difficult to grasp29 Lasswell's and Edelman's studies are important in that they______.（A）believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction（B）demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbols（C）organize collective attitudes around a symbol（D）demonstrate a culture's principles are indicated by the slogans which are used30 Television______.（A）has distorted the purpose of slogans（B）has kept consistent the nature of human interaction（C）has made political images personal and shorter（D）utilizes slogans well30 Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tellyou the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slanderme.(Interruptions.)Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, ' You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am. ' So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician—but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappi-ness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God's command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God's bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it,while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof ofthe Oracle. After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters ofthe greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalfof the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a ' wise man' , thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that bythis Oracle he meant that men's wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, ' He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all.31 When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by ' being wise' ? Whenhe says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of ' wisdom' has he in mind? When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of ' wisdom' or second?32 In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?33 Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?33 " I've been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn't seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!""Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention. ""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don't know... I haven't even given it a thought. I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn't pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You'd be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There's a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart's invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically , for the complete utilization of atomic energy. "Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?"Marek glanced at him with some surprise." Modern science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity. ""That's tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you're not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth ... this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. 1 invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that's nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I've been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?""Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?"" I'm a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. " No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It's combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, " Look here, if you haven't come here about my Karbu-rator, Bondy, you can go. "" Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, " For twenty years I've been working on it, and now—now, I'll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it's something really amazing." No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy." No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?"" Aha," said Bondy. " So we're going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You've got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it's all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please. ""I'm in favor of ' combustion' !" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar. "" But ' disintegration' is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you wereto cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..."" Run loose! ""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don't you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don't lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won't you have a cigar?"" No, I won't. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand. "" It's just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when thereis perfect combustion, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It's ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence,compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That's how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That's not bad. "" Pflueger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pfluger exaggerates. ""Decidedly. ""I have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!"" The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair." I can't give you the exact number of hours. I've been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it's still going on... and on... and on. "Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. " Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You're surely... er... a bit... er... overworked. "Marek's hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you'd only get up physics a bit, I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involves a whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you'll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself— go on—go now! You won't understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won't you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don't stay down there long. ""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it's not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn't come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I'll wait here. Then you can tell me..." Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for awhile(quite mad, no doubt whatever about it)and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armour-plated safe in a bank. And now let's have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.。
四川大学英语专业研究生2013入学考试题-综合
8. Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?
I. Explain any THREE of the following five termsIN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each:(15 points)
1.John Keats
2.Lord of the Flies
3.William Blake
4.Determinism in American naturalistic fiction
5.Light in August
II. Multiple Choice: ( 15 pointБайду номын сангаас )
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Write down your answer on the answer sheet.
6. Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the ___________.
[A]Gilded Age[B]Jazz Age[C] Frontier Era [D]American Revolutionary Age
7. Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?
2013年四川大学918英语专业综合知识考研真题【圣才出品】
2013年四川大学918英语专业综合知识考研真题Part One European and American Cultures(50points)Ⅰ.Explain the following five terms briefly:(10points)1.Gulf War2.Marshall Plan3.Harlem Renaissance4.Noah’s Ark5.GothicⅡ.Answer each of the following two questions in no more than150English words: (20points)1.Please illustrate Martin Luther as more of a humanist than a religious leader.2.Why are the1960s-70s in America regarded by some historians as“the decades of change”?Ⅲ.Answer the following question in no more than400English words:(20points) How do you think about Barack Obama’s rise to presidency?Part Two British and American Literature(50points)Ⅰ.Explain any THREE of the following five terms in about50English words each: (15points)1.John Keats2.Lord of the Files3.William Blake4.Determinism in American naturalistic fiction5.Light in AugustⅡ.Multiple Choices:(15points)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Write down your answer on the answer sheet.1.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?A.to promote reason,equality and scienceB.to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideasC.to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited,with infinite potential forintellectual developmentD.to hold the belief that human beings were limited,dualistic,imperfect,and yetcapable of rationality and perfection through education2.“The Landscape Near an Aerodrome”is a poem by_____.A.Stephen SpenderB.T.S.EliotC.Robert BrowningD.Wystan Hugh Auden3.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?A.The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.B.Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers whocould not afford to buy them.C.The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broaderthan what it had been in previous novels.D.Most of the novels were not first published in serial form,that is,by installment,before they were fully published in a single book.4.One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning’s poetry is his use of_____.A.classical vocabularyB.satireC.dramatic monologueD.exaggeration5.Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe thecharacter of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?A.generousB.capriciousC.charitableD.frivolous6.Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the_____.A.Gilded AgeB.Jazz AgeC.Frontier EraD.American Revolutionary Age7.Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?A.Henry JamesB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.William FaulknerD.Mark Twain8.Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?A.Martin EdenB.The Grapes of WrathC.Winesburg,OhioD.The Ambassadors9.Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of_____.A.RomanticismB.RealismC.NaturalismD.Modernism10.“Grace under pressure”is a typical sign of the_____.A.frontier peopleB.Hemingway’s heroesC.early immigrantsD.struggle for survivalⅢ.Answer the following questions in about150English words each:(20points)1.Briefly comment on“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”by William Wordsworth.2.Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms.Part Three Linguistics(50points)Ⅰ.State what you know about the following terms in one sentence for each:(10 points)1.descriptive adequacy2.textual function3.illocutionary act4.arbitrariness vs.motivation5.ideal speakerⅡ.Define the following terms with at least two examples:(10points)1.bound morpheme2.blending3.stylistic meaning4.loanword5.homonymyⅢ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese and state briefly the features of English idiom:(10points)1.He likes to let on that he is an expert in electronics.2.As soon as they realized that there was likely to be trouble,his companions deserted him and left him to carry the can.3.We doubt whether our plan will pass muster.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions:(10points)1.What are the three types of homonyms?2.What does pragmatic reasoning mean?Ⅴ.Please briefly answer the following question in about500words:(10points) Some people claim that the Chinese language is a primitive language,too unclear to express ideas in a logical way,while the European languages are much more advanced,able to express clear ideas with their complex inflectional syntactic。
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2013年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷
(总分：34.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
1.John Keats（分数：
2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Lord of the Flies（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.William Blake（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Determinism in American naturalistic fiction（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Light in August（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
二、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)
6.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?（分数：2.00）
A.to promote reason, equality and science
B.to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideas
C.to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited, with infinite potential for intellectual development
D.to hold the belief that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education
7."The Landscape Near an Aerodrome"is a poem by______.（分数：2.00）
A.Stephen Spender
B.T. S. Eliot
C.Robert Browning
D.Wystan Hugh Auden
8.Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?（分数：2.00）
A.The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.
B.Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.
C.The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.
D.Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.
9.One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning"s poetry is his use of______.（分数：
2.00）
A.classical vocabulary
B.satire
C.dramatic monologue
D.exaggeration
10.Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe the character of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?（分数：2.00）
A.generous
B.capricious
C.charitable
D.frivolous
11.Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the______.（分数：2.00）
A.Giled Age
B.Jazz Age
C.Frontier Era
D.American Revolutionary Age
12.Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?（分数：2.00）
A.Henry James
B.Ralph Waldo Emerson
C.William Faulkner
D.Mark Twain
13.Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?（分数：2.00）
A.Martin Eden
B.The Grapes of Wrath
C.Winesburg Ohio
D.The Ambassadors
14.Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of______.（分数：2.00）
A.Romanticism
B.Realism
C.Naturalism
D.Modernism
15."Grace under pressure" is a typical sign of the______.（分数：2.00）
A.frontier people
B.Hemingway"s heroes
C.early immigrants
D.struggle for survival
三、问答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)
16.Briefly comment on "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth.（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway"s novel A Farewell to Arms.（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________。