法律英语(汉—英)

合集下载

法律英语用词：ADJOURNMENT

法律英语用词：ADJOURNMENT英汉-汉英词典是做翻译或传译的必备工作伴侣。

不过，在传译的过程中，会偶尔遇到一些单词在翻译上是不可参照英汉词典的。

其中一个例子就是Adjournment。

在许多法律英汉/汉英词典都把adjournment翻译作“休庭”。

其实，也许有些律师会把“休庭”理解为“押后”或“延期”。

事实上，休庭不是一个太恰当的翻译。

思其义，“休庭”就是“法庭休息”，不审理案子的意思。

但是，adjournment是一种postponement。

换言之，该词表达的是某种事情的延后或者押后。

在法院里所用的adjournment, 是指案件押后或者延期再审理(或聆询)，比如“The court will adjourn this case to next Tuesday.”或“Case adjourned to Tuesday”。

如果把 adjournment 翻译为“休庭”，那是误导的。

因为在法院里，如果提到adjournment，所指的是案子的延期、押后，择日继续审理或议论。

例如，在初审法院里，法官准许adjournment后，各方开始退下;接下来，法官并不是退庭休息，而是继续审理其他的案件。

“休庭”，应该是court in recess或者俗话中的“The court(courtroom) is down.”。

曾经有位法院传译员与我分享她的亲身经历。

当法官说“Adjourned”的时候，该传译员想起她看到的词典译意，于是告诉她身旁的华人被告说“休庭”。

当时身旁的被告很紧张，愣着问：“我的案件就到此为止了?法官不审了?”结果，该传译员连忙改口说：“法官说的是案件押后再审” 。

听到这话，被告方才松了口气，连忙说“谢谢”。

因此，adjournment这个单词应该翻译为“押后”或者“延后”，甚或“(案件)押后”，而不该翻译为“休庭”。

汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）之三_法律英语词汇

汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）jurisprudence, history of legal systems and constitution普通法法系 common-law system普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 twelve tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation判例法系 case law system普通法法系 common-law system判例法系 case law system判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 common-law system普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 twelve tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 new law , novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂the pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利能力 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 anglo-american legal system永恒法 eternal law优士丁尼法典 the codex justinianus优士丁尼皇帝justinian《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）corpus juris civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效期间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision（古罗马的）元老院 the senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律law of china’s mainland中国法制 chinese legal system中国法制史 chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制socialist legal system with chinese character中华法系 chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the basic law of hong kong special administrative region of the people’s republic of china主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理：form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则the doctrine of stare作为或不作为 act or omission。

法律英语_教材汉翻英答案（完整版）

法律英语_教材汉翻英答案（完整版）《法律英语》课后“汉翻英”答案 (完整版)Lesson One1）Common law is the law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals.2) Equity is a type of law that developed in parallel with common law since the end of the 14th century, which applies to civil cases and is one of the sources of the common-law system.3) In the U.S., one of the functions of the federal courts is to interpret federal statutes and the constitution.4) The civil-law system mainly prevails in continental Europe as well as other countries and regions heavily influenced by continental European countries.5) Before the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was promulgated in 1938, the federal courts of the United States procedurally separated law and equity. Lesson Two1) Private law regulates the relationship between individuals whiles public law concerns the relationship between person (including natural persons and artificial persons) and the state.2) Codification is not the essential difference between the civil-law system and the common-law system.3) In many civil-law jurisdictions, precedents are not considered as binding.4) Domestic law is different from international law in that domestic law refers to the laws within a given state which regulates the acts of individuals and other legal entities within its jurisdiction.5) Substantial law refers to laws that define and recognize rights and obligations as well as duties and responsibilities whileprocedural law refers to laws that provides for the mechanism for the realization or performance of rights and duties as well as duties and responsibilities.Lesson Three1) In some countries alcoholic beverages are prohibited from being sold to children.2) Since the 1980s, China has set up and improved the employment service system, which includes employment introduction, employment training, unemployment insurance and employment services.3) Various forms of resistance to desegregation were prevailing in those years.4) It is unjust and unlawful to discriminate against people of other races.5) Just as individuals in a democratic country have equal voting rights regardless of whether they are rich or poor, powerful or weak, all countries in the General Assembly have the same voting rights.Lesson Four1) A crime is an act which may lead to the imposition of punishment.2) Some reports accused BP of criminal negligence in the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.3) Modern U.S. criminal law provides that there must be clear definition for all the constituting elements of each and every crime.4) Generally those who provide assistance to people in their criminal act are punishable as accessories or accomplices.5) Failure to act may be punished where the person is undera duty to act. Lesson Five1) Parties to a contract shall fully perform their obligations in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.2) A contract is an agreement between parties which creates, modifies or terminates a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with law is protected by law.3) A citizen or a legal person shall bear civil liabilities for his failure to fulfill his contractual or other obligations.4) No modification or revocation of a contract may prejudice the parties’claims for damages.5) For a party’s non-performance or his performance unfaithful to the contractual stipulations, the other party to a contract is entitled to demand specific performance or other remedies, and also, compensation for the resulted losses.Lesson Seven1) One who is at fault for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person shall be subject to the tort liability.2) Where a defective product causes any harm to another person, the manufacturer shall assume the tort liability.3) One who shall assume the tort liability for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person, whether at fault or not, as provided for by law, shall be subject to the legal provisions in the tort law.4) Where a tort endangers the personal or property safety of another person, the victim of the tort may require the tortfeasor to assume the tort liability such as cessation of infringement, removal of obstruction and elimination ofdanger.5) A network user or network service provider who infringes upon the civil right or interest of another person through network shall assume the tort liability.Lesson Seventeen1) Before the judgment what is to be done is to dispose of the case, while after the judgment is rendered, all that remains to be done is to enforce it.2) If the matter involved in the appeal is of great importance, it ought to be submitted for review.3) There are exemptions from jury service for members of the legal profession, the police force, etc.4) Judges often require that the parties agree upon a schedule of issues so as to accelerate the trial process.5) In the High Court an official shorthand note is, unless the judge otherwise directs, taken of any evidence given orally in Court and of the summing up by the judge. Upon payment of the prescribed fee, a transcript can be made available.Lesson Eighteen1) The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties.2) The dispute shall be submitted for arbitration by a mutually nominated arbitrator.3) Where no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration.4) Each party may also directly apply for arbitration to the Personnel Dispute Arbitration Commission.5) Traditionally, our contracts did not contain provisions for arbitration in a third country.。

浅析法律英语的特点及翻译原则

浅析法律英语的特点及翻译原那么法律英语和普通英语的重要区别之一就是法律英语中用到的很多普通词汇往往具有专业特定含义，本文来浅析法律英语的特点及翻译原那么。

作为专业英语(esp)的分支学科之一，法律英语(legal english)是应用型、功能型英语。

法律英语，在英语国家中被称为legal language或language of the law，即法律语言，指表述法律科学概念以及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的局部用语。

随着改革开放的深入和国际贸易交流的日益广泛，法律英语翻译的需要翻译需求空前旺盛。

法律英语就其文体来说属于职业专用英语，是一种正式的书面语体，是应用语的一个分支，其行文庄重、构造严谨、表达准确。

作为一种专用英语，法律英语具有以下几个特征。

1.专业的特定性法律英语和普通英语的重要区别之一就是法律英语中用到的很多普通词汇往往具有专业特定含义，因此不能简单当作普通英语看待，否那么很容易对法律英语的理解出现偏差。

比方aoid，普通英语是“避开”的意思，而在法律英语中是“躲避取消”的意思;party在普通英语中翻译成“群，组，团队”，而在法律英语中要翻译成“社会集会一方，当事人”;sere在法律英语中尤指“当用人送达(传票等)”，而不能翻译成“为某人工作”。

2.词义的传承性法律词汇具有明显的传承性特征。

沿用旧的法律用语，即古体词，就是这一特征的表现。

一词汇在现代英语的许多文体中不再使用，但是在法律文体中，它们经过漫长的历史并没有随着法律的开展而改变，仍然保持其原有的含义。

法律英语古体词从古英语和中古英语时期沿袭而来，其由两局部组成，有些于法语、拉丁语和少量希腊语等外来词语，例如“suit”，“testimony”等。

另外一些古英语，例如由here-，there-和where-组成的复合词(hereunder=under it， thereof=of that，where for=for the reasons mentioned aboe)用来表示确定的含义。

法律英语_教材汉翻英答案(完整版)

《法律英语》课后“汉翻英”答案 (完整版)Lesson One1）Common law is the law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals.2) Equity is a type of law that developed in parallel with common law since the end of the 14th century, which applies to civil cases and is one of the sources of the common-law system.3) In the U.S., one of the functions of the federal courts is to interpret federal statutes and the constitution.4) The civil-law system mainly prevails in continental Europe as well as other countries and regions heavily influenced by continental European countries.5) Before the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was promulgated in 1938, the federal courts of the United States procedurally separated law and equity. Lesson Two1) Private law regulates the relationship between individuals whiles public law concerns the relationship between person (including natural persons and artificial persons) and the state.2) Codification is not the essential difference between the civil-law system and the common-law system.3) In many civil-law jurisdictions, precedents are not considered as binding.4) Domestic law is different from international law in that domestic law refers to the laws within a given state which regulates the acts of individuals and other legal entities within its jurisdiction.5) Substantial law refers to laws that define and recognize rights and obligations as well as duties and responsibilities while procedural law refers to laws that provides for the mechanism for the realization or performance of rights and duties as well as duties and responsibilities.Lesson Three1) In some countries alcoholic beverages are prohibited from being sold to children.2) Since the 1980s, China has set up and improved the employment service system, which includes employment introduction, employment training, unemployment insurance and employment services.3) Various forms of resistance to desegregation were prevailing in those years.4) It is unjust and unlawful to discriminate against people of other races.5) Just as individuals in a democratic country have equal voting rights regardless of whether they are rich or poor, powerful or weak, all countries in the General Assembly have the same voting rights.Lesson Four1) A crime is an act which may lead to the imposition of punishment.2) Some reports accused BP of criminal negligence in the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.3) Modern U.S. criminal law provides that there must be clear definition for all the constituting elements of each and every crime.4) Generally those who provide assistance to people in their criminal act are punishable as accessories or accomplices.5) Failure to act may be punished where the person is under a duty to act. Lesson Five1) Parties to a contract shall fully perform their obligations in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.2) A contract is an agreement between parties which creates, modifies or terminates a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with law is protected by law.3) A citizen or a legal person shall bear civil liabilities for his failure to fulfill his contractual or other obligations.4) No modification or revocation of a contract may prejudice the parties’claims for damages.5) For a party’s non-performance or his performance unfaithful to the contractual stipulations, the other party to a contract is entitled to demand specific performance or other remedies, and also, compensation for the resulted losses.Lesson Seven1) One who is at fault for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person shall be subject to the tort liability.2) Where a defective product causes any harm to another person, the manufacturer shall assume the tort liability.3) One who shall assume the tort liability for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person, whether at fault or not, as provided for by law, shall be subject to the legal provisions in the tort law.4) Where a tort endangers the personal or property safety of another person, the victim of the tort may require the tortfeasor to assume the tort liability such as cessation of infringement, removal of obstruction and elimination ofdanger.5) A network user or network service provider who infringes upon the civil right or interest of another person through network shall assume the tort liability.Lesson Seventeen1) Before the judgment what is to be done is to dispose of the case, while after the judgment is rendered, all that remains to be done is to enforce it.2) If the matter involved in the appeal is of great importance, it ought to be submitted for review.3) There are exemptions from jury service for members of the legal profession, the police force, etc.4) Judges often require that the parties agree upon a schedule of issues so as to accelerate the trial process.5) In the High Court an official shorthand note is, unless the judge otherwise directs, taken of any evidence given orally in Court and of the summing up by the judge. Upon payment of the prescribed fee, a transcript can be made available.Lesson Eighteen1) The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties.2) The dispute shall be submitted for arbitration by a mutually nominated arbitrator.3) Where no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration.4) Each party may also directly apply for arbitration to the Personnel Dispute Arbitration Commission.5) Traditionally, our contracts did not contain provisions for arbitration in a third country.。

法律英语词汇

独立的不法行为 independent wrong
独立个案 individual cases
独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit
独立请求书 independent claim
独立审判 independent adjudication
断绝 cease
提出具体意见 submit detailed opinions on
抵押品 pledge
抵押物 mortgage
地方人民检察院 Local People's Procuratorate
地役权 easement
第二审判庭 second tribunal
第三者 the third party
第一审判庭 first tribunal
典当物 pledge
调查 investigation
大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association
大律师见习职位 pupillage
被陈述人 representee
被告人辨解 statement of the defendant
驳回 dismiss 驳回 reject
驳回上诉 reject an appeal
补偿报酬 compensatory payment
法律英语词汇（汉→英）Ⅰ (2008-11-09 21:48:14)转载▼
标签：专外词汇杂谈
案件 case
案件受理费 litigation fee
案由 nature of case 颁布 issue
颁布 promulgate 办案 handle a case
办理 deal with

法律英语翻译

法律英语翻译-法律英语特点法律英语（Legal English）措辞严谨，句式冗长，结构复杂，甚至一句话能长达一篇文章。

在做好法律英语（Legal English）翻译（translation）之前，清楚认识法律英语（Legal English）的特点（characteristics）至关重要。

同样汉语中的法律用语也同样严谨，结构复杂，清楚的掌握两种语言的法律用语特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）中会更加有章可循。

法律英语（Legal English）是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点（characteristics）的语言。

因此，在法律英语（Legal English）中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇（words）,而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而在法律英语（Legal English）中又形成了许多其特有的句法特点（characteristics），这些词法和句法特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）过程中必须受到充分重视。

下面我们从词汇（words）、词类使用和句型结构三方面来考察法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）：一、法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）之一：法律英语（Legal English）词汇（words）1.1法律英语（Legal English）用词特点（characteristics）：庄重、规范、书面语较多法律是掌握国家政权的阶级、集团的意志体现,它有鲜明的政策性,权威性。

为了维护法律的严肃性,法律、法规遣词造句力求准确,用词正式,语意严谨。

法律英语学习(英汉对照)

1. The National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. 全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。

2. The judicial organs of China consist of people’s courts，people’s procurator and the public security departments. 我国的司法机关由人民法院人民检查院和公安部门组成。

3. In the application of the law all citizens are deemed as equals. 一切公民在适用法律上一律平等。

4. The criminal law is one of the basic laws of our country. 刑法是我国基本法之一。

5. Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes. 故意犯罪应当负刑事责任6. In China，the principal penalties are public surveillance，detention，fixed-time imprisonment，life imprisonment and death. 我国的主要刑罚是管制，拘役，有期徒刑，无期徒刑和死刑7. The court’s job is administering justice and upholding the law. 法院的任务是执行法律和维护法律。

8. The accused was declared innocent. 被告人被宣布为无罪。

9. The court acquitted him of a crime. 法院宣判他无罪。

10. The court pronounced the accused not guilty. 法院宣判被告无罪。

2020年整理法律英语(汉—英).pdf

安排 arrangement安全标准 safety standard按每月使用小时支付租金的租赁 power by the hour leases按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按租金曲线折旧 rent curve depreciation案件 case案件受理费 litigation fee案例法 case law案例汇编case book; case report; law report案例教学法case system案由 nature of case暗示的担保 implied warranty or guarantee柏拉图 Plato颁布 issue颁布 promulgate办案 handle a case办理 deal with办理注销登记：cancel the registration半导体芯片 semiconductor chips帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals包庇罪 crime of concealing the murder包装 packaging保费 premium保护 indemnify保健服务health care services保健商融资公司 health care merchant fund incorporation保健提供者 healthcare provider保健应收款 health care receivables保留 retaining保密性 confidentiality保全 perfection保税区 bonded area保险 underwriting保险标准 underwriting standard保险单 insurance policy保险法 insurance law保险功能 insurance function保险类别 insurance coverage保险凭证 insurance certificate保险索赔insurance claims保养方针及程序 maintenance policies and procedures保证 guarantee保证 warranty保证金 bail保证金 margins保证金 security deposit保证金帐户 margin account保证人，担保人 guarantor保证书 covenant of warranty保证书 indemnity保证条款 warranty保值利率 inflation-proof interest rate报废（或挑其中有价值的贵金属出卖）scrap or salvage sale 报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups报告 report报价 quoting备案filing备件 repairs备忘功能 memory function被裁定为 be adjudged to be被陈述人 representee被代理人：the principal被担保方 secured party被动投资信托 passive investment trust被告人辨解 statement of the defendant被侵权人 the infringed被少报的 understated被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal本金 principal本人名义：in one’s name本质上的公司 per se corporations比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime避风港 safe harbor避风港租赁（对有避税功能的租赁的形容）safe-harbor leases避税 tax shields避税规定 tax shelter provision边际税率 marginal tax rate边缘法学borderline jurisprudence编纂法律方法 legal methodology变量 variables变通办法adaptation; accommodation标的subject matter标记 label标题 headings标准制订者 standard setters表决控制权 vote control表决权 vote表外融资 off balance sheet financing并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments拨款 fund appropriation拨款条例 appropriation provisions波动 fluctuation, variation波动性 volatility剥夺权利deprival of rights驳回 dismiss驳回 reject驳回上诉 reject an appeal补偿 compensate补偿报酬 compensatory payment补偿制度compensation system补充备案 additional filings补充规定supplementary provision补给活动 supporting activities补救 remedy补救办法remedial measures不(在资产负债表上)资本化 non-ownership for balance sheet不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不存在的 nonexistent不得挪用 non-appropriation不得替代条款 non-substitution clause不动产、厂场或其它设备（设备） capital goods, plants or other equipment (the equipment)不动产登记制Lot and Block System不动产抵押投资管道 REMIC （real estate mortgage investment conduit）不动产过渡性融资 interim real estate financing不动产和动产 real property and personal property不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不合格设备 non-conforming equipment不具有法律效力 null不具有法律效力 void不可撤销的 irrevocable不可撤销的租赁协议 non-cancellable lease不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不可证券化的 unsecuritizable不利的税收后果 adverse tax consequences不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不履行合同 breach of contract不履行合约 repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法 dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立 unable to establish不时frequently不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense不能回收的 unreimbursable不匹配 mismatches不确定性 uncertainty不同的产品 separate products不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不应计的状态 non-accrual status不予支持 unassisted不作为 omission不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部件 parts部门法department law部门规章regulation财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产法 property law财产分割 properties division财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产留置权 encumbrance财产税property tax财产所有权 property right财务报告(引起的)外部风险external reporting risk财务比率financial ratios财务成份financial components财务底线financial bottom line财务费用finance charges财务公司 finance companies财务及其它收入 finance and other income财务失真financial distortion财务收益分配allocation of finance income财务现实financial reality财务业绩financial performance财政赤字 public deficit裁定 order裁定 ruling裁决 judgement, resolution采用书面形式：in writing参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities参考利率reference rate参数parameter参与者participants, players参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original仓储 warehousing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 叉车forklift查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum差别待遇discrimination差别化differentiation拆除removal拆卸deinstallation产品 product产权关系 property relations产权信托titling trust产权制度 property order长期出租合同long term rental contract长期合同 long-term contract长期性的融资工具 permanent funding vehicles长期资金融通方式 permanent funding activities偿付repayment偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement常规过程ordinary course常规租赁 normal lease超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超额扣减excess deduction超额提供抵押overcollateralization超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority撤消并发回给 reversed and remanded to the original court撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销rescind撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will陈旧 obsolescence陈述 state陈述representations陈述式报告narrative report成比例的部分proportionate fraction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution承保人insurance carrier承担 assume承担责任 to be responsible for承担责任程度 accountability承典人 pawnee承典人 pledgee承诺commitment, promise承认 confess承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award承销佣金underwriting commission承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien承租人lessee承租人的意向lessee intent诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle诚信原则 principle of good faith城市住宅局 City House Bureau乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education程序关系process nexus持有人holders充分披露 full disclosure冲突 conflict冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict冲销 write-off抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act筹集资金raise fund筹资成本cost of funds筹资风险funding risk, fund risk筹资渠道funding resources出版物publications出典人 pawnor出典人 pledgor出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇 bill purchased出立票据issue notes出让人transferors出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence出资 contributions出资比例 ratio of investments出资额capital contribution出租公司 rental house, rental yard出租人lessor出租人的内部人员 lessor's internal staff出租市场 rental market初始的会计处理initial accounting初始的租期initial lease term初始抵押品original collateral初始判例法initial case law初始直接费用IDC(initial direct costs)初始租赁期限的届满expiration of the initial lease term除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause储备金reserves处罚 penalty处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment处置deposition触发器事件trigger events触犯 violate触犯法律 break the law; violate the law触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传递实体pass-through entity传统出租 traditional rental传统的租借合同 traditional contract of hire传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law传销 pyramid selling船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship串通 collaborate创新innovation纯粹的避税目的sole tax avoidance purpose纯粹法学 pure theory of law纯粹租用rent-to-rent次级的subordinated次级份额subordinated tranche次级权益subordinated interest次级债券 subordinated debt obligation次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽处理 lenient punishment, liberal punishment从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从轻处罚 impose a lenient sentence从轻处罚 lesser punishment从轻处罚 lighter punishment从轻原则 the principle of lighter punishment从权利 accessory right从事 commit从摇篮到坟墓（指自始至终全程服务）from cradle to grave 从业者practitioner从重处罚 give a severer punishment从重处罚 heavier punishment从重处罚 severe punishment从属化 subordination凑整升水make-whole premium村民委员会：the village committee存储storage存货清册inventory存款机构 deposit-taking institution存款接受者deposit taker存款支票户checking account挫折 frustration措词 worded错漏 error|mistake达到法定年龄 come of age答复 Reply打官司 initiate legal proceeding打击 struggle against打假 crack down on counterfeit goods打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products打印机 printer大厂回族自治县 Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大额项目big-ticket items大额资产large ticket asset大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大股 substantial shareholder大股东控权人 majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县 Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市 Daliang Municipality大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师 barrister大律师的收费 counsel's fees大律师登记册 roll of baristers大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位 pupillage大律师名册 panels of counsels大律师事务所 barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记 barrister's clerk大陪审团 grand jury大批 bulk大修heavy maintenance大宗出口租赁out-bound big-ticket leasing代理proxy代理检察员 acting prosecutor代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency代理人 agent代理融通公司factoring company代理审判员 acting judge代通知金 payment in lieu of notice代销 sales by proxy带宽 bandwidth贷款loan贷款型融资loan-type financing丹东市 Dandong Municipality丹阳市 Danyang Municipality单程客户载重汽车出租业务one-way consumer truck rental business 单独部分 separate component单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单独的、独立的受托人separate, independent trustee单独的法人separate legal person单独身份separate identity单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act单价unit price单位 entity unit单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单务合同 unilateral contract单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime单一股东sole shareholder单一险种保险人monoline insurer单一制政府unitary government担保 guarantee担保 guarantee, warranty担保请求权warranty claim担保权益security interest担保人 guarantor担保书 certificate of guarantee但书proviso弹性宪法 elastic constitution当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当地法规 local statues当地法律 local law当局authority当期及非当期负债current and non-current liabilities当然解释 natural interpretation当事人 litigant当事人起诉要求 the litigants sue for党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country党政分工 division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员 file clerk倒闭ends up到期日maturity到期应付款 payment due盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist盗窃枪支 crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备 theft of military equipment道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation道路road道真仡佬族苗族自治县 Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County得到证实 to be believed得利者 beneficiary德国破产法German Insolvency Act德拉古 Draco登记程序 registration process登记权registration rights等价有偿：making compensation for equal value等量化equalizing低成本项目small cost items抵触 contravene抵销 setoff抵销请求权offsetting claims抵押 mortgage抵押贷款安排mortgage loan placement抵押品 pledge抵押水平level of collateral抵押物 mortgage抵押物collateral抵押物的指定接受constructive acceptance of collateral抵押物跟踪制度 collateral tracking system抵押物价值collateral value抵御通涨 hedge against inflation地方各级人民代表大会 local people’s congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels地方贸易税 municipal trade tax地方人民检察院 Local People's Procuratorate地方税 local tax地理上的距离 geographic distance地面及卫星无线系统terrestrial and satellite wireless system地区通过税transit district tax地役权 easement递延的贷款费deferred loan fees递延所得税后净额 net of deferred taxes第二读second reading第二审判庭 second tribunal第三读 third reading第三方后勤 third-party logistics第三者 the third party第一审判庭 first tribunal缔约成本contracting cost缔约国 contracting states典当物 pledge电缆cable电信telecommunications电信密度（指每百个居民拥有的通信线路数）teledensity电子邮件 electronic mail调查 investigation调查报告 investigation调查取证 investigate and collect evidence调节流动性 influence liquidity level调解 mediate调解和强制措施 mediation and enforcement measure调解书 mediation agreement调解书字号 Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立 formation定案结论 verdict定案理由 reason for decision定付 (证券) pay-through note定价风险pricing risk定价上的左右为难pricing quandary定金 deposit定金down payment定金担保利益purchase money security interest定期的规定的租金regular periodic payment定期减免所得税 regular reduction of income tax定性 determination on the nature定义definition定义上的暧昧不明definitional maze定值valuing丢弃 waive东北人民政府 Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县 Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会 board of directors动产抵押chattel mortgage动产税personal property tax动产文据chattel paper动产租赁personal property leasing动产租赁协议 lease for movables动机 intention, motive冻干健康人血浆 frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆 frozen dry blood plasma冻结 freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县 Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪 narcotic drug crime渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty渎职罪 crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为 independent wrong独立董事independent director独立个案 individual cases独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit独立请求书 independent claim独立审判 independent adjudication短期出租车队rental fleets断绝 cease对等原则 principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例 the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解 verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对价consideration对金钱借贷的规定 regulations of money lending对抗措施counter measure对滥用职权的法律补救 legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方 opposite party对令状的发出作确认 acknowledge the issue of the writ对人权right in personam; personal right对上诉抗辩 oppose an appeal对世权 real right; right in rem对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释 verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处 Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所 foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会 Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状 writ in rem对象不能犯 object impossibility对帐 reconcile, reconciliation趸卖whole sale"捅破公司的面纱" piercing the corporate veil（美国铁路上采用的）轨道使用租赁utilization leases（保险中的）险别coverage（财务）比率改善ratio enhancement（财务报表上的）残值结存价值 residual's carrying value（财务报告导致的）管理层报告的风险 managerial reporting risk（承租人的）留购率retention rate(承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价格arbitrary and artificially high（持有）特许权（的）期间 concession period（从别国）收回（租赁物的）风险 repatriation(带有)废止条款(的)结构defeasance structures（德国）环境责任法 Environmental Liability Act（德国）联邦税务法庭 Federal Tax Court（德国）民法典 Civil Code（德国）生产责任法Act on Product Liability（德国）消费者信用法Consumer Credit Act（电、气、热的）能源传输 power transmission（电脑的）外部设备peripheral（电脑租赁的）救灾服务disaster recovery services(对)承认(的)要求acknowledgement requirement(对)当事方(的)认定party identification（对）返还（的）规定 return provisions(对)会计准则(的)巧妙运用manipulation of accounting principle s(对)减税(的)兴趣tax appetite(对)数据管理(的)重要能力 significant date management capability(对)所有权(的)满足感 pride of ownership(对)特定对象直接销售 private placement(对)占有的延伸提留extended retention of possession(对)租赁(的)管制leasing regulation(对)租赁应收款(的)无追索出售non-recourse sale of lease receivable(对抗辩的)有效放弃effective waiver of defenses（对设备的）合同维修contract maintenance(法院裁决前)先收回财产prejudgment property recovery（房地产）产业estate（飞机拆下发电机的）大修shop visit（飞机的）国际登记计划要求international registration requirement plan（飞机的）机身airframe（飞机的）起落架landing gear（飞机的）适航指令airworthiness directives（飞机发动机的）维修间隔期 maintenance interval（飞机返还时的维修状况同交付时）一模一样原则mirror-in/mirror-out principle（飞机上）限制其使用小时的部件life-limited parts（飞机租赁中承租人承担的）保养准备金maintain reserves（该公司）自有的专长in-house expertise（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate（固定利率中期融资）可得到程度availability of fixed rate medium-term financing （合同到期后的）继续有效程度survivability（合同文本）起草 draftsmanship（合同中的）用语language（衡量用的）标准 criterion（机械设备的）腐蚀decay（将目标市场定位于某类规模客户的）极化polarization(经)备案(的)投资人 accredited investors（经营租赁合同中的）让步条件quid pro quo（经营租赁中）未摊销的余值unamortized residual value(经营租赁中的)信贷导向型出租人 credit-oriented lessor(经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人 asset-oriented lessor（看问题的）观点、角度 perspective(可)填补空缺(的)市场niche market(来自)制造商(的)补贴manufacturer subsidy（卖主的对谁都一样的）统一销售计划 one-off program（卖主同出租人的）联手销售计划 private-label program（美国）财务会计标准委员会第13号说明：租赁FASB(Federal Accounting Standards Board) 13（美国）雇员退休收入及担保法 ERISA（ Employee Retirement Income and Security Act）（美国）国内税收法IRC（Internal Revenue Code）(美国)国内税务局IRS(Internal Revenue Service)（美国）进出口银行EXIM bank（美国）可替代最低税AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax)(美国)联邦航空署FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)(美国)全国性的独立全面服务租赁出租公司national independent full-service leasing rental firms（美国）统一商法典 UCC(Uniform Commercial Code)(美国)统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款UCC Article 2A（美国）统一州法律委员 NCCUSL（The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws）（美国）载重汽车出租及租赁协会TRALA（美国）证券交易委员会SEC（Security and Exchange Commission）（美国的）加速成本回收的折旧MACRS depreciation(美国税法中的)税收所有权tax ownership（美国特有的为享受税收待遇而在美国企业同外国企业之间订立的）租入租出（租赁协议）lease-in/lease-out（欧洲大陆各国的）大陆法系国家civil law country（期满但租赁物未退还时的）逐月收取的租金 month-to-month rentals(期末若)不留购或不续租(时的)罚金 nenrenewal penalties(期限)届满(时)at the expiry(其意向是一种)担保(的)租赁 lease intended as security（契约性文件的）附件appendix, Exhibit（区别融资租赁和经营租赁的）四项标准four criteria（融资租赁）特有的三边关系 distinctive triangular relationship（设备的）附件additions（设备的）使用小时hours of use(涉及)多个司法管辖区(的)multiple jurisdiction(涉及租赁的)审慎性标准 prudential norms relevant to leasing（手工的或电脑的）租赁业务管理系统leasing systems(所) 规划的业绩projected performance(所承担的)资产残值风险exposure to residual asset value（所披露信息严重扭曲时的）内部参考internal preference（铁路）机车 locomotive(通过)附注披露footnote disclosure(投资)组合 portfolio(为)提前结束（租赁协议而作的）支付 lease termination payment(物理性能的)退化physical deterioration（信息传递中的）可连通性connectivility（一个新产品从构思到实际推入市场所用的时间）上市时间 time to market(依靠电脑的层析)X射线摄影机 CAT(computer-added tomograph)(因财务失真所导致的)财务报告风险 financial reporting risk（银行的）锁箱和自动转存安排lock box collection and sweep arrangement（英美等）海洋法系国家common law country(用附加税)填补（福利开支）clawback（由原制造商作出的）重新认证 recertification（再处置中的）部件出售 parts sale(在多数的大陆法系国家或地区内的)公共有限公司public limited companies(在有着不同法规情况下的)协调harmonization（支撑租赁交易的）四大支柱the four pillars（只处置某类设备的）专业性再处置公司exclusive remarketing firms(指商品和劳务的进入)市价总值 market capitalization（专属公司的）销售协助型租赁 sales-aid leasing（资产证券化中的）服务者servicer(租金)递减(的)租赁方式 step-down lease structure(租金)递增(的)租赁方式 step-up lease structure（租赁物由）承租人承建或承造的租赁协议build-to-suit leases（租赁一方为美国法人而另一方不是美国法人时的）双重所有权租赁协议double-dip tax leases(作为)发起人(的)出租人originating lessor"“不易破产”的专设实体 special purpose ""bankruptcy remote"" entity"“猫”（调制解调器）modem《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)《德国民法典》German Civil code《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis《日耳曼法》Germanic law《十二表法》 Twelve Tables《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China。

法律英语汉译英(专业词汇部分)

法律英语汉译英（专业词汇部分）Unit One第一课美国联邦下的法律1.成文法statutory law★2.普通法common law3.判例法case law4.立法机构legislature5.法院court6.宪法Constitution7.立法权law-making power8.私法private law9.合同法contract law10.侵权法tort law11.商法business law12.公司法corporate governance law13.专利和版权patent and copyright14.合同/契约争议contractual disputes15.刑事案件criminal case16.民事案件civil case17.民事侵权诉讼civil tort actions18.家庭法family law19.法律选择choice of law20.多个司法管辖区multi-jurisdiction21.诉讼litigation/lawsui t/suit/action★22.实体权substantive right23.准据法/适用法applicable/governing/proper law★24.签订conclude25.证券欺诈案件 a case include claims of securities fraud26.履行perform27.履行地performance28.受理/处理案件to hear the case★29.原告plaintiff★30.被告defendant★31.与合同最密切联系most involved with the contract32.选择法庭choice of forum第二课双重法院体系1.司法的judicial2.初审法庭trial court3.终审法院court of last resort★4.上诉法院court of appeals5.上诉，申诉appeal…to6.证人witness7.证据evidence8.陪审团jury9.查明事实的人，事实发现者fact-finder10.上诉的，有权受理上诉的appellate11.遗嘱probate12.小额诉讼法院small claims court13.律师attorney14.程序procedure15.提出（申请）file★16.申请小额索赔file claims for small sums of money17.定罪conviction★18.仲裁人，公断人，裁决人arbiter19.最高法院the Supreme Court20.先例procedureUnit Two第一课抗辩制1.上诉人appellant2.被上诉人appellee3.诉由,案由cause of action★4.向某人提起诉讼，到法院告某人to bring an action/lawsuit against sb.5.第三那人被告third-party defendant6.庭审程序trial procedure★7.英美法系国家的司法程序Anglo-American judicial procedure8.认定事实find the fact9.证据submission10.抗辩制adversary system11.提起诉讼begin suit12.界定争议shape the issues13.出示证据produce evidence14.争议当事人parties to the controversy15.纠问的inquisitorial16.庭前调查pre-trial investigation17.大陆法传统civil law tradition18.庭辩风格style of presentation and argument19.有利害关系的当事人interested parties第二课开启一个诉讼1.起诉sue2.诉讼当事人litigant3.司法救济，救济；减轻，缓解relief4.提供法律救助to furnish a relief5.纠正，补偿redress6.诉诸法院bring to court★7.和解settlement★8.仲裁arbitration9.自力救济self-help10.搁置纠纷let matters rest11.损害赔偿damages★12.实际履行specific performance13.对事管辖权jurisdiction over the subject matter14.对人管辖权jurisdiction over the parties15.管辖权jurisdiction16.违约之诉damages for breach of contract17.法庭forum18.最低限度联系minimum contacts19.实体公正substantial justice20.审判地venue21.规定（援引法条）provide/read第三课诉状和对抗诉状的动议1.诉状pleading2.起诉状complaint3.向法院提交诉讼状或答辩状/办理立案to file a pleading/lawsuit with the court4.陈述，阐明to set forth5.书记员clerk6.传票summons7.出具传票to issue a summons8.向某人送达传票、起诉书、法律文书to serve a summons, complaint, legal document on sb.9.通知notify10.同意出庭an entry of appearance11.指控，声称allegation12.成为争议问题put in issue13.积极抗辩affirmative defense14.反诉counterclaim15.(用辩解)减轻extenuate16.未到庭，未履行义务to be in default17.驳回dismiss18.传票送达service of process/service of summons19.法律上的充分性legal sufficiency20. 提出异议，反对challenge第四课调查取证1.庭前取证，调查pre-trial discovery2.录取证词，宣誓证明depose3.证词笔录,书证deposition4.宣誓under oath5.书面质询written interrogatories6.人身伤害案件personal injury case7.保持中立take no part8.意外因素surprise element9.争议controversy。

法律英语(汉—英)PDF.pdf

非文学英译汉(法律英语)

第二讲第三讲非文学英译汉（法律英语）中国顶级法律翻译专家——陈忠诚先生《法律英语五十篇》《法窗译话》Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公约》Convention/Treaty/CovenantThe Contracting States, 缔约各国，Moved by the desire to assure in all countries copyright protection of literary, scientific and artistic works,出于保证在所有国家给文学、科学和艺术作品以版权保护的愿望；Convinced that a system of copyright protection appropriate to all nations of the world and expressed in a universal convention, additional to, and without impairing international systems already in force, will ensure respect for the rights of the individual and encourage the development of literature, the sciences and the arts,确信适用于世界各国并以世界公约确定下来的、补充而无损于现行各种国际制度的版权保护制度，将保证对个人权利的尊重，并鼓励文学、科学和艺术的发展；Persuaded that such a universal copyright system will facilitate a wider dissemination and increase international understanding.相信这种世界版权保护制度将会促进（人类精神产品）更加广泛的传播和增进国际了解；Have agreed as follows: 为此特协议如下：Article I第一条Each Contracting State undertakes to provide for the adequate and effective, protection of the rights of authors and other copyright proprietors in literary, scientific and artistic works, including writings, musical, dramatic and cinematographic works, and paintings, engravings and sculpture.缔约各国承允对文学、科学、艺术作品——包括文字、音乐、戏剧和电影作品，以及绘画、雕刻和雕塑——的作者及其他版权所有者的权利，提供充分有效的保护。

法律英语词语用法区别

bankrupt与insolvent
在词典中，它们的中文对应词都是“破产的”、“无还债能力的”。在法律词语中，它们的用法却有很大区别。或它的名词形式bankruptcy 既可用于公司、企业，也可以用于个人。如：Several local companies have gone bankrupt.(当地几家公司已经破产)；The court dechred him bankrupt.(法庭宣告他破产)，都是正确的用法。
fraud squad与fraud gang
一般词典把aquad 与gang这两个词都译为小组、小队、一伙人，但在法律词语中，两者的用法和含义有时完全不同。squad仅指一伙人(group of people)，并不包含贬义，如：Olympic squad是“参加奥林匹克的国家代表队”；fraud squad 是“调查欺诈案的公安小组”，而不是“欺诈小组”。the homicide squad是“杀人案件调查队”，而不是“杀人小组”。gang这个词却常常含有贬义，一般指organized group of criminals(犯罪团伙)或group of people who aer typically troublesome (一伙惹是生非的人)，如大家知道gang of four是指“四人帮”，而不是“四人小组”，fraud gang是“骗子团伙”。 gang-war是指歹徒帮派之间打群架，不是一般群众的打群架。因此如说Don't go around with that gang or you'll come no good! 表示说话人认为那伙人不是好人，与这些人混在一起自然没有好下场。
例如，房产所有人将非法占有房产的人从该房产中驱逐出去，这种行为就称为 ejection 与ejectment。因此它是收回合法权利的行为，不可随便与ouster换用。

法律英语的特点及翻译

法律英语的特点及翻译发布时间：2006-12-27 02:07 浏览次数：2326樊爱茹(包钢(集团) 公司办公厅，内蒙古包头014010)摘要：文章概括介绍了法律英语的主要特点，探讨了如何正确理解和翻译法律英语的方法。

关键词：法律英语；特点；翻译Characteristics and translation of legal EnglishFAN Ai - ru( General Office of Baotou Steel ( Group) Corporation, Baotou 014010, China)Abstract: The characteristics of legal English are briefly introduced and the methods of how to understand and translate it are discussed.Key words: legal English; characteristics; translation法律英语(Legal English) ，在英语国家中被称为Legal Language 或Language of the Law ，即法律语言，指表述法律科学概念及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的部分用语，它是以英语共同语为基础，在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点的语言。

因此，在法律英语中不仅有众多具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇，而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而法律英语有其特有的风格，在翻译上也有其特有的方法和要求。

1、法律英语的特点法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言的分支，有其独特的语言风格特点，包括：用词准确、句子结构复杂、具有特别的格式等，而其中最重要、最本质的特点就是用词准确。

法律英语中英汉互译的翻译理论与具体实践

法律英语中英汉互译的翻译理论与具体实践在全球化的背景下，法律交流日益频繁，法律英语的英汉互译显得尤为重要。

法律语言具有高度的专业性、准确性和规范性，因此在翻译过程中需要遵循特定的翻译理论，并结合具体实践中的技巧和策略，以确保翻译的质量和准确性。

一、法律英语翻译的特点法律英语作为一种特殊用途英语，具有独特的语言特点。

首先，词汇方面，法律英语包含大量的专业术语、古体词和外来词。

例如，“stare decisis”（遵循先例）、“alibi”（不在犯罪现场的申辩）等。

其次，句法上，法律英语多使用长句、复杂句，以及被动语态和名词化结构，以体现其严谨性和逻辑性。

此外，法律文本通常具有固定的格式和篇章结构，如法律条款的编号、标题和小标题等。

二、翻译理论在法律英语翻译中的应用1、功能对等理论功能对等理论强调翻译的目的是在目标语中再现源语的功能，使目标语读者能够获得与源语读者相似的感受和理解。

在法律英语翻译中，这意味着不仅要准确传达词汇和句子的表面意义，还要传递法律条文背后的法律意图和法律效力。

例如，在翻译“actus reus”（犯罪行为）时，不能简单地直译为“行为错误”，而要根据法律语境和功能，译为“犯罪行为”，以确保目标语读者能够准确理解其法律含义。

2、目的论目的论认为翻译是一种有目的的行为，翻译的目的决定了翻译的策略和方法。

在法律英语翻译中，翻译的目的通常是为了使目标语读者能够准确理解法律条文，遵循法律规定。

因此，译者可以根据具体的翻译目的，对源语文本进行适当的调整和改写。

比如，为了使译文更符合目标语的法律体系和法律文化，可以对一些法律概念进行解释和说明。

三、法律英语英汉互译的具体实践技巧1、专业术语的翻译准确翻译专业术语是法律英语翻译的关键。

对于常见的专业术语，可以通过查阅专业词典、法律文献和相关资料来确定其准确的译名。

对于一些新出现的或特定领域的术语，可以采用直译、意译、音译或加注的方法进行翻译。

例如，“intellectual property”直译为“知识产权”，“due diligence”意译为“尽职调查”，“patent”音译为“专利”，对于一些复杂的术语，如“mortgagebacked security”（抵押支持证券），可以在翻译后加注进行解释。

法律英语复习

题型：1、汉译英10*2’（一课两题，两个以上单词构成的短语，专业复合词）2、英译汉10*1’（一课两题，两个以上单词构成的短语，专业复合词）3、句子翻译（汉译英）5*6 （每课一题，应该是从课后练习题中出）4、段落翻译（英译汉）1*20’（会涉及到第六课的生词）5、写作1*20 （老师曾布置过第五课的P50页的作文，不知会否从课后题出）Lesson 1短语：cause of action 案由at hand 近在手边，手头（的）civil law 大陆法common law 普通法give rise to 引起provide for 规定compensate (sb.) for 补偿(某人的)…be entitled to 有权…，有资格…be entitled to 有权……，有资格……单词：Coercive 强迫的，强制的enforcement 实施，强制执行norm 标准，规范Entity 实体legislative 立法的，立法机构创立的judicial 司法的adherence 遵守procedure 程序lawsuit 诉讼，案件appeal 上诉breach 违反constitution 宪法的tort 侵权litigation 诉讼compensate 补偿adjudicate 判决statute 成文法，法条precedent 先例，判例1、法律是一组规则，违反这些规则将引起案由，可在法院起诉。

Law is a set of rules. Violation of these rules may give rise to a cause of action in a court.2、一种流行的观点认为法律不仅仅是一组规则，而且还是为使人们遵守规则而采取的行动。

One popular view of law holds that law is not only a set of rules, but also actions for the purpose of adherence to these rules.3、不管怎样界定法律，法律离不开一个强制性机构，这个机构通过强制人们遵守社会规范而保持控制。

相关主题

法律英语案例分析

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

安排 arrangement安全标准 safety standard按每月使用小时支付租金的租赁 power by the hour leases按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按租金曲线折旧 rent curve depreciation 案件 case案件受理费 litigation fee案例法 case law案例汇编case book; case report; law report案例教学法case system案由 nature of case暗示的担保 implied warranty or guarantee 柏拉图 Plato颁布 issue颁布 promulgate办案 handle a case办理 deal with办理注销登记：cancel the registration半导体芯片 semiconductor chips帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals包庇罪 crime of concealing the murder包装 packaging保费 premium保护 indemnify保健服务health care services保健商融资公司 health care merchant fund incorporation保健提供者 healthcare provider保健应收款 health care receivables保留 retaining保密性 confidentiality保全 perfection保税区 bonded area保险 underwriting保险标准 underwriting standard保险单 insurance policy保险法 insurance law保险功能 insurance function保险类别 insurance coverage保险凭证 insurance certificate保险索赔insurance claims保养方针及程序 maintenance policies and procedures保证 guarantee保证 warranty保证金 bail保证金 margins保证金 security deposit保证金帐户 margin account保证人，担保人 guarantor保证书 covenant of warranty保证书 indemnity保证条款 warranty保值利率 inflation-proof interest rate 报废（或挑其中有价值的贵金属出卖）scrap or salvage sale报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups报告 report报价 quoting备案filing备件 repairs备忘功能 memory function被裁定为 be adjudged to be被陈述人 representee被代理人：the principal被担保方 secured party被动投资信托 passive investment trust被告人辨解 statement of the defendant被侵权人 the infringed被少报的 understated被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal本金 principal本人名义：in one’s name本质上的公司 per se corporations比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis 比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship 必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime 避风港 safe harbor避风港租赁（对有避税功能的租赁的形容）safe-harbor leases避税 tax shields避税规定 tax shelter provision边际税率 marginal tax rate边缘法学borderline jurisprudence编纂法律方法 legal methodology变量 variables变通办法adaptation; accommodation标的subject matter标记 label标题 headings标准制订者 standard setters表决控制权 vote control表决权 vote表外融资 off balance sheet financing并科原则doctrine of cumulating punishments拨款 fund appropriation拨款条例 appropriation provisions波动 fluctuation, variation波动性 volatility剥夺权利deprival of rights驳回 dismiss驳回 reject驳回上诉 reject an appeal补偿 compensate补偿报酬 compensatory payment补偿制度compensation system补充备案 additional filings补充规定supplementary provision补给活动 supporting activities补救 remedy补救办法remedial measures不(在资产负债表上)资本化 non-ownership for balance sheet不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不存在的 nonexistent不得挪用 non-appropriation不得替代条款 non-substitution clause不动产、厂场或其它设备（设备） capital goods, plants or other equipment (the equipment)不动产登记制Lot and Block System不动产抵押投资管道 REMIC （real estatemortgage investment conduit）不动产过渡性融资interim real estate financing不动产和动产 real property and personal property不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不合格设备 non-conforming equipment不具有法律效力 null不具有法律效力 void不可撤销的 irrevocable不可撤销的租赁协议 non-cancellable lease 不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不可证券化的 unsecuritizable不利的税收后果 adverse tax consequences 不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不履行合同 breach of contract不履行合约 repudiation of the contract 不名誉的行为及手法 dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立unable to establish不时frequently不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense 不能回收的 unreimbursable不匹配 mismatches不确定性 uncertainty不同的产品 separate products不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act 不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不应计的状态 non-accrual status不予支持 unassisted不作为 omission不作为abstain from an act; act of omission 部件 parts部门法department law部门规章regulation财产的添附accretion of property;property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产法 property law财产分割 properties division财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产留置权 encumbrance财产税property tax财产所有权 property right财务报告(引起的)外部风险external reporting risk财务比率financial ratios财务成份financial components财务底线financial bottom line财务费用finance charges财务公司 finance companies财务及其它收入 finance and other income 财务失真financial distortion财务收益分配allocation of finance income 财务现实financial reality财务业绩financial performance财政赤字 public deficit裁定 order裁定 ruling裁决 judgement, resolution采用书面形式：in writing参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities参考利率reference rate参数parameter参与者participants, players参照 consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original仓储 warehousing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendumcontract叉车forklift查士丁尼法典Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum差别待遇discrimination差别化differentiation拆除removal拆卸deinstallation产品 product产权关系 property relations产权信托titling trust产权制度 property order长期出租合同long term rental contract 长期合同 long-term contract长期性的融资工具permanent funding vehicles长期资金融通方式permanent funding activities偿付repayment偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement常规过程ordinary course常规租赁 normal lease超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超额扣减excess deduction超额提供抵押overcollateralization超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority撤消并发回给 reversed and remanded to the original court撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销rescind撤销合同cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will陈旧 obsolescence陈述 state陈述representations陈述式报告narrative report成比例的部分proportionate fraction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution承保人insurance carrier承担 assume承担责任 to be responsible for承担责任程度 accountability承典人 pawnee承典人 pledgee承诺commitment, promise承认 confess承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award承销佣金underwriting commission承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien承租人lessee承租人的意向lessee intent诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle诚信原则 principle of good faith城市住宅局 City House Bureau乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合combination of punishment and education程序关系process nexus持有人holders充分披露 full disclosure冲突 conflict冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict 冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict 冲销 write-off抽逃出资罪crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act 筹集资金raise fund筹资成本cost of funds筹资风险funding risk, fund risk筹资渠道funding resources出版物publications出典人 pawnor出典人 pledgor出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇 bill purchased出立票据issue notes出让人transferors出售伪造发票罪crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law 出于恶意 from malevolence出资 contributions出资比例 ratio of investments出资额capital contribution出租公司 rental house, rental yard出租人lessor出租人的内部人员 lessor's internal staff 出租市场 rental market初始的会计处理initial accounting初始的租期initial lease term初始抵押品original collateral初始判例法initial case law初始直接费用IDC(initial direct costs) 初始租赁期限的届满expiration of the initial lease term除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause储备金reserves处罚 penalty处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑sentence to fixed-term imprisonment处置deposition触发器事件trigger events触犯 violate触犯法律 break the law; violate the law 触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传递实体pass-through entity传统出租 traditional rental传统的租借合同 traditional contract ofhire传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law传销 pyramid selling船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship 串通 collaborate创新innovation纯粹的避税目的sole tax avoidance purpose 纯粹法学 pure theory of law纯粹租用rent-to-rent次级的subordinated次级份额subordinated tranche次级权益subordinated interest次级债券 subordinated debt obligation次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽处理lenient punishment, liberal punishment从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从轻处罚 impose a lenient sentence从轻处罚 lesser punishment从轻处罚 lighter punishment从轻原则the principle of lighter punishment从权利 accessory right从事 commit从摇篮到坟墓（指自始至终全程服务）from cradle to grave从业者practitioner从重处罚 give a severer punishment从重处罚 heavier punishment从重处罚 severe punishment从属化 subordination凑整升水make-whole premium村民委员会：the village committee存储storage存货清册inventory存款机构 deposit-taking institution存款接受者deposit taker存款支票户checking account挫折 frustration措词 worded错漏 error|mistake达到法定年龄 come of age答复 Reply打官司 initiate legal proceeding打击 struggle against打假 crack down on counterfeit goods打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products打印机 printer大厂回族自治县 Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region大额项目big-ticket items大额资产large ticket asset大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大股 substantial shareholder大股东控权人majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County大连市 Daliang Municipality大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师 barrister大律师的收费 counsel's fees大律师登记册 roll of baristers大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位 pupillage大律师名册 panels of counsels大律师事务所barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记 barrister's clerk大陪审团 grand jury大批 bulk大修heavy maintenance大宗出口租赁out-bound big-ticket leasing 代理proxy代理检察员 acting prosecutor代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expirat ion of one’s power of agency代理人 agent代理融通公司factoring company代理审判员 acting judge代通知金 payment in lieu of notice代销 sales by proxy带宽 bandwidth贷款loan贷款型融资loan-type financing丹东市 Dandong Municipality丹阳市 Danyang Municipality单程客户载重汽车出租业务one-way consumer truck rental business单独部分 separate component单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility 单独的、独立的受托人separate,independent trustee单独的法人separate legal person单独身份separate identity单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act单价unit price单位 entity unit单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit 单务合同 unilateral contract单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime 单一股东sole shareholder单一险种保险人monoline insurer单一制政府unitary government担保 guarantee担保 guarantee, warranty担保请求权warranty claim担保权益security interest担保人 guarantor担保书 certificate of guarantee但书proviso弹性宪法 elastic constitution当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当地法规 local statues当地法律 local law当局authority当期及非当期负债current and non-current liabilities当然解释 natural interpretation当事人 litigant当事人起诉要求 the litigants sue for党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country党政分工 division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员 file clerk倒闭ends up到期日maturity到期应付款 payment due盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally fellingtrees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist盗窃枪支 crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备 theft of military equipment 道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation道路road道真仡佬族苗族自治县Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County得到证实 to be believed得利者 beneficiary德国破产法German Insolvency Act德拉古 Draco登记程序 registration process登记权registration rights等价有偿：making compensation for equal value等量化equalizing低成本项目small cost items抵触 contravene抵销 setoff抵销请求权offsetting claims抵押 mortgage抵押贷款安排mortgage loan placement抵押品 pledge抵押水平level of collateral抵押物 mortgage抵押物collateral抵押物的指定接受constructive acceptance of collateral抵押物跟踪制度collateral tracking system抵押物价值collateral value抵御通涨 hedge against inflation地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels地方贸易税 municipal trade tax地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate地方税 local tax地理上的距离 geographic distance地面及卫星无线系统terrestrial and satellite wireless system地区通过税transit district tax地役权 easement递延的贷款费deferred loan fees递延所得税后净额 net of deferred taxes 第二读second reading第二审判庭 second tribunal第三读 third reading第三方后勤 third-party logistics第三者 the third party第一审判庭 first tribunal缔约成本contracting cost缔约国 contracting states典当物 pledge电缆cable电信telecommunications电信密度（指每百个居民拥有的通信线路数）teledensity电子邮件 electronic mail调查 investigation调查报告 investigation调查取证 investigate and collect evidence 调节流动性 influence liquidity level调解 mediate调解和强制措施 mediation and enforcement measure调解书 mediation agreement调解书字号 Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立 formation定案结论 verdict定案理由 reason for decision定付 (证券) pay-through note定价风险pricing risk定价上的左右为难pricing quandary定金 deposit定金down payment定金担保利益purchase money security interest定期的规定的租金regular periodic payment 定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性 determination on the nature定义definition定义上的暧昧不明definitional maze定值valuing丢弃 waive东北人民政府Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会 board of directors动产抵押chattel mortgage动产税personal property tax动产文据chattel paper动产租赁personal property leasing动产租赁协议 lease for movables动机 intention, motive冻干健康人血浆 frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆 frozen dry blood plasma冻结 freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪 narcotic drug crime渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty 渎职罪 crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为 independent wrong独立董事independent director独立个案 individual cases独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit独立请求书 independent claim独立审判 independent adjudication短期出租车队rental fleets断绝 cease对等原则 principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例 the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解 verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对价consideration对金钱借贷的规定 regulations of money lending对抗措施counter measure对滥用职权的法律补救 legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方 opposite party对令状的发出作确认 acknowledge the issue of the writ对人权right in personam; personal right 对上诉抗辩 oppose an appeal对世权 real right; right in rem对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释 verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem 对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所 foreign trade law firm 对外经济贸易仲裁委员会 Foreign Economicand Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状 writ in rem对象不能犯 object impossibility对帐 reconcile, reconciliation趸卖whole sale"捅破公司的面纱"piercing the corporate veil（美国铁路上采用的）轨道使用租赁utilization leases（保险中的）险别coverage（财务）比率改善ratio enhancement（财务报表上的）残值结存价值 residual's carrying value（财务报告导致的）管理层报告的风险 managerial reporting risk （承租人的）留购率retention rate(承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价格arbitrary and artificially high（持有）特许权（的）期间 concession period（从别国）收回（租赁物的）风险 repatriation(带有)废止条款(的)结构defeasance structures（德国）环境责任法 Environmental Liability Act（德国）联邦税务法庭 Federal Tax Court（德国）民法典 Civil Code（德国）生产责任法Act on Product Liability（德国）消费者信用法Consumer Credit Act（电、气、热的）能源传输 power transmission（电脑的）外部设备peripheral（电脑租赁的）救灾服务disaster recovery services(对)承认(的)要求acknowledgement requirement(对)当事方(的)认定party identification（对）返还（的）规定 return provisions(对)会计准则(的)巧妙运用manipulation of accounting principle s(对)减税(的)兴趣tax appetite(对)数据管理(的)重要能力significant date management capability(对)所有权(的)满足感 pride of ownership(对)特定对象直接销售 private placement(对)占有的延伸提留extended retention of possession(对)租赁(的)管制leasing regulation(对)租赁应收款(的)无追索出售non-recourse sale of lease receivable(对抗辩的)有效放弃effective waiver of defenses（对设备的）合同维修contract maintenance(法院裁决前)先收回财产prejudgment property recovery（房地产）产业estate（飞机拆下发电机的）大修shop visit（飞机的）国际登记计划要求international registration requirement plan（飞机的）机身airframe（飞机的）起落架landing gear（飞机的）适航指令airworthiness directives（飞机发动机的）维修间隔期 maintenance interval（飞机返还时的维修状况同交付时）一模一样原则mirror-in/mirror-out principle（飞机上）限制其使用小时的部件life-limited parts（飞机租赁中承租人承担的）保养准备金maintain reserves（该公司）自有的专长in-house expertise（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate（固定利率中期融资）可得到程度availability of fixed rate medium-term financing（合同到期后的）继续有效程度survivability（合同文本）起草 draftsmanship（合同中的）用语language（衡量用的）标准 criterion（机械设备的）腐蚀decay（将目标市场定位于某类规模客户的）极化polarization(经)备案(的)投资人 accredited investors（经营租赁合同中的）让步条件quid pro quo（经营租赁中）未摊销的余值unamortized residual value(经营租赁中的)信贷导向型出租人 credit-oriented lessor(经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人 asset-oriented lessor（看问题的）观点、角度 perspective(可)填补空缺(的)市场niche market(来自)制造商(的)补贴manufacturer subsidy（卖主的对谁都一样的）统一销售计划 one-off program（卖主同出租人的）联手销售计划 private-label program（美国）财务会计标准委员会第13号说明：租赁FASB(Federal Accounting Standards Board) 13（美国）雇员退休收入及担保法 ERISA（ Employee Retirement Income and Security Act）（美国）国内税收法IRC（Internal Revenue Code）(美国)国内税务局IRS(Internal Revenue Service)（美国）进出口银行EXIM bank（美国）可替代最低税AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax)(美国)联邦航空署FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)(美国)全国性的独立全面服务租赁出租公司national independent full-service leasing rental firms（美国）统一商法典 UCC(Uniform Commercial Code)(美国)统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款UCC Article 2A（美国）统一州法律委员 NCCUSL（The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws）（美国）载重汽车出租及租赁协会TRALA（美国）证券交易委员会SEC（Security and Exchange Commission）（美国的）加速成本回收的折旧MACRS depreciation(美国税法中的)税收所有权tax ownership（美国特有的为享受税收待遇而在美国企业同外国企业之间订立的）租入租出（租赁协议）lease-in/lease-out（欧洲大陆各国的）大陆法系国家civil law country（期满但租赁物未退还时的）逐月收取的租金 month-to-month rentals(期末若)不留购或不续租(时的)罚金 nenrenewal penalties(期限)届满(时)at the expiry(其意向是一种)担保(的)租赁 lease intended as security（契约性文件的）附件appendix, Exhibit（区别融资租赁和经营租赁的）四项标准four criteria（融资租赁）特有的三边关系distinctive triangular relationship（设备的）附件additions（设备的）使用小时hours of use(涉及)多个司法管辖区(的)multiple jurisdiction(涉及租赁的)审慎性标准 prudential norms relevant to leasing （手工的或电脑的）租赁业务管理系统leasing systems(所) 规划的业绩projected performance(所承担的)资产残值风险exposure to residual asset value（所披露信息严重扭曲时的）内部参考internal preference（铁路）机车 locomotive(通过)附注披露footnote disclosure(投资)组合 portfolio(为)提前结束（租赁协议而作的）支付 lease termination payment (物理性能的)退化physical deterioration（信息传递中的）可连通性connectivility（一个新产品从构思到实际推入市场所用的时间）上市时间 time to market(依靠电脑的层析)X射线摄影机 CAT(computer-added tomograph) (因财务失真所导致的)财务报告风险 financial reporting risk （银行的）锁箱和自动转存安排lock box collection and sweep arrangement（英美等）海洋法系国家common law country(用附加税)填补（福利开支）clawback（由原制造商作出的）重新认证 recertification（再处置中的）部件出售 parts sale(在多数的大陆法系国家或地区内的)公共有限公司public limitedcompanies(在有着不同法规情况下的)协调harmonization（支撑租赁交易的）四大支柱the four pillars（只处置某类设备的）专业性再处置公司exclusive remarketing firms(指商品和劳务的进入)市价总值 market capitalization（专属公司的）销售协助型租赁 sales-aid leasing（资产证券化中的）服务者servicer(租金)递减(的)租赁方式 step-down lease structure(租金)递增(的)租赁方式 step-up lease structure（租赁物由）承租人承建或承造的租赁协议build-to-suit leases （租赁一方为美国法人而另一方不是美国法人时的）双重所有权租赁协议double-dip tax leases(作为)发起人(的)出租人originating lessor"“不易破产”的专设实体special purpose ""bankruptcy remote"" entity"“猫”（调制解调器）modem《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)《德国民法典》German Civil code《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis《日耳曼法》Germanic law《十二表法》 Twelve Tables《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China。