介词初中考点梳理

介词初中考点梳理

介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用，一般也无句子重音。常常放在名词或代词之前，与之一起构成介词短语，共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词义上往往看不出是介词。如：against的意思是“反对”，在汉语里是动词，在英语里却是介词。

（一）表示时间的介词：

1．at, in ，on

(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”

（2）in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。

in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century

in the morning/afternoon/evening

(3)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。

on Monday on April 1st

On the afternoon of May 23.

2．from, since, for

(1) from表示“等时间的起点”。

You can e anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。

The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。

(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”

He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。

We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。

(3) for 与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。

for two hours since last week

3．after, in, within

(1) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。

We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。

He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了

(2) within“在……时间之内”

I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。

(3) in 后面接过去的时间点表过去，若后面接一段时间，则表示“在……时间之后”

I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。

My father will e back in three days.我爸爸将会在3天后回来。

（二）表示“地点、方向”的介词：

1．In, outside between, among

(1) in表示“在……里面”，如：

What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么？

She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。

(2) outside指“在……外面”

There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。

What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？

(3) between在……之间（指二者）

There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。

The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位

于公园和小河之间。

④among在……之间（指三者以上）

“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷！

He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。

2．on, above, over, below, under

(1) on在……上面，表面相互接触。

There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。

On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。

(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，与below相对。

A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。

The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。

(3) over“在……正上方”，与under相对。

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。

The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。

(4) below在……下方，低于……

There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。

Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。

(5) under在……正下方

They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。

What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么？

3．near, by, beside

(1) near在……附近，与far相对

A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。

My home is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。

(2) by = beside,靠近，在……旁边，比near距离更近

He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。

He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。

4．in front of, in the front of , behind, around

(1) in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。

A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河

They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。

There is a red chair in the front of the room.

在房间前半部有把红椅子。

(2) behind在……后面

A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。

The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。

(3) around在……周围，围绕

There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。

There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。

5．along, across, through

(1) along沿着