高分子化学常见名词(中英文)
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照
05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质brush polymercoiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应5 三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer6 乙烯基单体vinyl monomervinylidene monomer 1,1-亚乙烯基单体，7偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，81,2-二取代乙烯单体9 双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerizationpolyaddition聚加成反应，101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit 179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子化学名词解释英文
高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：the compound which many atom or atom group mai nly conbined by covalent bond ,relative molecular weight is above 10^4.单体（Monomer）：The raw material used to form polymer.重复单元（Repeating Unit）：The smallest basic unit which repeatedly emergence and component are the same in the lagre molecular chain of polymer .单体单元（Monomer Unit）：结构单元与原料相比，除了电子结构变化外，其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同，这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元（Structural Unit）：The unit monomers formed in the macromolecular chain .聚合度（DP、X n）(Degree of Polymerization) the average number of repeating unit of polymer ma cromolecular.聚合物分子量（Molecular Weight of Polymer）：The molecular weight of repeating units multiplied with the number of repeating units数均分子量(Number-average Molecular Weight)：Polymer molecules with a different numberaverag e molecular weight average molecular weight of statistics.重均分子量（Weight-average Molecular Weight）：Using different molecular weight polymermolecula r weight average molecular weight ofthe statistical average.粘均分子量（Viscosity-average Molecular Weight）：Using viscosity method to measure the molecu lar weight of polymer.分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：Because different molecular weight polymersa re generally composed of a mixture ofhomologues, it has a certain molecular weightdistribution,多分散性（Polydispersity）：Used to express the size of the polymermolecular weight does not equ al more technical terms is called dispersion.分布指数(Distribution Index) ：The ratio of Molecular Weight and Number-average Molecular Weigh t。
高分子化学常见名词
高分子化学常见名词（中英文）Side groupsAll the carbon based polymers you will findmentioned on this site have the structure-C-C-C-C-C-C- etc. Anything hanging off thatcentre chain that is not a hydrogen atom is a sidegroup.侧基：任何悬挂在高分子主链上的非氢原子均称为侧基。
Functional GroupAn atom or group of atoms that has similarchemical behavior, no matter what the rest of themolecule looks like. For example, the hydroxy (OH)group in all alcohols has similar reactivity, as doesthe thio (SH) group in all thiols.官能团：分子中存在的一部分原子、原子团或特征结构，容易发生体现分子主要性质的某些特征反应，因此称它们为官能团。
Hydrogen bondThe strongest attraction between two dipoles iswhen one or both of them involves a bond betweenhydrogen and a strongly electronegative atom, likeoxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Because hydrogenonly has one electron, if it forms a bond with anelement that is very keen to grab an electron, itbecomes much more positive than an element thathas plenty of other electrons left to hang aroundthe positively charged nucleus. Dipole-dipoleinteractions between these sort of molecules (likewater {H2O}, ammonia {NH3}, hydrofluoric acid{HF}) are so much stronger than ordinarydipole-dipole bonds that we give them the specialname of 'hydrogen bonds'.氢键：氢键是极性很强的X－H键上的氢原子与另外一个键上电负性很大的原子上的孤对电子相互吸引而形成的一种键。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工 processing反应性加工 reactive processing等离子体加工 plasma processing加工性 processability熔体流动指数 melt [flow] index门尼粘度 Mooney index塑化 plasticizing增塑作用 plasticization内增塑作用 internal plasticization外增塑作用 external plasticization增塑溶胶 plastisol增强 reinforcing增容作用 compatibilization相容性 compatibility相溶性 intermiscibility生物相容性 biocompatibility血液相容性 blood compatibility组织相容性 tissue compatibility混炼 milling, mixing素炼 mastication塑炼 plastication过炼 dead milled橡胶配合 rubber compounding共混 blend捏和 kneading冷轧 cold rolling压延性 calenderability压延 calendering埋置 embedding压片 preforming模塑 molding模压成型 compression molding压缩成型 compression forming冲压模塑 impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑 stack moulding复合成型 composite molding注射成型 injection molding注塑压缩成型 injection compression molding射流注塑 jet molding无流道冷料注塑 runnerless injection molding共注塑 coinjection molding气辅注塑 gas aided injection molding注塑焊接 injection welding传递成型 transfer molding树脂传递成型 resin transfer molding铸塑 cast熔铸 fusion casting铸塑成型 cast molding单体浇铸 monomer casting挤出 extrusion共挤出 coextrusion多层挤塑 multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑 coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑 coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑 blown extrusion挤出吹塑 extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型 extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑 reactive extrusion固相挤出 solid-phase extrusion发泡 expanding foam后发泡 post expansion物理发泡 physical foam化学发泡 chemical foam吹塑 blow molding多层吹塑 multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型 stretch blow molding滚塑 rotational moulding反应注射成型 reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型 vacuum forming无压成型 zero ressure molding真空烧结 vacuum sintering真空袋成型 vacuum bag molding热成型 thermal forming拉伸热成型 stretch thermoforming袋模塑 bag molding糊塑 paste molding镶铸 imbedding冲压成型 impact molding触压成型 impression molding层压材料 laminate泡沫塑料成型 foam molding包模成型 drape molding充气吹胀 inflation橡胶胶乳 rubber latex胶乳 latex高分子胶体 polymer colloid生橡胶 raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶 ebonite再生胶 reclaimed rubber充油橡胶 oil-extended rubber母胶 masterbatch交联 crosslinking固化 cure光固化 photo-cure硫化 vulcanization后硫化 post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联 self crosslinking , self curing过硫 over cure返硫 reversion欠硫 under cure动态硫化 dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化 heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应 set-up effect自动硫化 self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧 scorching无压硫化 non-pressure cure模压硫化 moulding curing常温硫化 auto-vulcanization热硫化 heat curing蒸汽硫化 steam curing微波硫化 micro wave curing辐射硫化 radiation vulcanization辐射交联 radiation crosslinking连续硫化 continuous vulcanization无模硫化 open vulcanization成纤 fiber forming可纺性 spinnability纺丝 spinning干纺 dry spinning湿纺 wet spinning干湿法纺丝 dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝 dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝 solution spinning乳液纺丝 emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法 emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝 jet spinning喷纺成形 spray spinning液晶纺丝 liquid crystal spinning熔纺 melt spinning共混纺丝 blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝 reaction spinning静电纺丝 electrostatic spinning高压纺丝 high-pressure spinning复合纺丝 conjugate spinning无纺布 non-woven fabrics单丝 monofilament, monofil复丝 multifilament全取向丝 fully oriented yarn中空纤维 hollow fiber皮芯纤维 sheath core fiber共纺 cospinning冷拉伸 cold drawing, cold stretching 单轴拉伸 uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸 biaxial drawing多轴拉伸 multiaxial drawing皮心效应 skin and core effect皮层效应 skin effect防缩 non-shrink熟成 ripening垂挂 sag定型 sizing起球现象 pilling effect捻度 twist旦 denier特 tex纱 yarn股 strand粘合 adhesion反应粘合 reaction bonding压敏粘合 pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆 primer浸渍 impregnation浸渍树脂 solvent impregnated resin基体 matrix聚合物表面活性剂 polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂 polymeric flocculant预发颗粒 pre-expanded bead高分子膜 polymeric membraneH-膜 H-filmLB膜 Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜 semipermeable membrane反渗透膜 Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜 porous membrane各向异性膜 anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜 cation exchange membrane负离子交换膜 anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂 polymeric adsorbent添加剂 additive固化剂 curing agent潜固化剂 latent curing agent硫化剂 vulcanizing agent给硫剂 sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂 vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂 vulcanization activator活化促进剂 activating accelerator活化剂 activator防焦剂 scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂 anti-reversion agent塑解剂 peptizer偶联剂 coupling agent硅烷偶联剂 silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂 titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂 aluminate coupling agent 增强剂 reinforcing agent增硬剂 hardening agent惰性填料 inert filler增塑剂 plasticizer辅增塑剂 coplasticizer增粘剂 tackifier增容剂 compatibilizer增塑增容剂 plasticizer extender分散剂 dispersant agent结构控制剂 constitution controller色料 colorant荧光增白剂 optical bleaching agent抗降解剂 antidegradant防老剂 anti-aging agent防臭氧剂 antiozonant抗龟裂剂 anticracking agent抗疲劳剂 anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂 biocide防蚀剂 anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂 photoresist防霉剂 antiseptic防腐剂 rot resistor防潮剂 moisture proof agent除臭剂 re-odorant抗氧剂 antioxidant热稳定剂 heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂 antistatic additive抗静电剂 antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂 ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂 ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂 light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂 light screener发泡剂 foaming agent物理发泡剂 physical foaming agent化学发泡剂 chemical foaming agent脱模剂 releasing agent内脱模剂 internal releasing agent外脱模剂 external releasing agent阻燃剂 flame retardant防火剂 fire retardant烧蚀剂 ablator润滑剂 lubricant湿润剂 wetting agent隔离剂 separant增韧剂 toughening agent抗冲改性剂 impact modifier消泡剂 antifoaming agent减阻剂 drag reducer破乳剂 demulsifier粘度改进剂 viscosity modifier增稠剂 thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂 abhesive洗脱剂 eluant附聚剂 agglomerating agent后处理剂 after-treating agent催干剂 drier防结皮剂 anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂 textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元 constitutional unit重复结构单元 constitutional repeating unit 构型单元 configurational unit立构重复单元 stereorepeating unit立构规整度 tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度 isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度 syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度 atacticity嵌段 block规整嵌段 regular block非规整嵌段 irregular block立构嵌段 stereoblock有规立构嵌段 isotactic block无规立构嵌段 atactic block单体单元 monomeric unit二单元组 diad三单元组 triad四单元组 tetrad五单元组 pentad无规线团 random coil自由连接链 freely-jointed chain自由旋转链 freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链 worm-like chain柔性链 flexible chain链柔性 chain flexibility刚性链 rigid chain棒状链 rodlike chain链刚性 chain rigidity聚集 aggregation聚集体 aggregate凝聚、聚集 coalescence链缠结 chain entanglement凝聚缠结 cohesional entanglement物理缠结 physical entanglement拓扑缠结 topological entanglement凝聚相 condensed phase凝聚态 condensed state凝聚过程 condensing process临界聚集浓度 critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换 coil-globule transition受限链 confined chain受限态 confined state物理交联 physical crosslinking统计线团 statistical coil等效链 equivalent chain统计链段 statistical segment链段 chain segment链构象 chain conformation无规线团模型 random coil model无规行走模型 random walk model自避随机行走模型 self avoiding walk model卷曲构象 coiled conformation高斯链 Gaussian chain无扰尺寸 unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸 perturbed dimension热力学等效球 thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用 long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用 interchain interaction链间距 interchain spacing长程有序 long range order近程有序 short range order回转半径 radius of gyration末端间矢量 end-to-end vector链末端 chain end末端距 end-to-end distance无扰末端距 unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距 root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度 contour length相关长度 persistence length主链；链骨架 chain backbone支链 branch chain链支化 chain branching短支链 short-chain branch长支链 long-chain branch支化系数 branching index支化密度 branching density支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crosslinking网络 network网络密度 network density溶胀 swelling平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合 molecular assembly自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel point可逆[性]凝胶 reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化 sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性 constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 摩尔质量平均 molar mass average数均分子量 number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar mass Z均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量 viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量 apparent molar mass表观分子量 apparent molecular weight聚合度 degree of polymerization动力学链长 kinetic chain length单分散性 monodispersity临界分子量 critical molecular weight分子量分布 molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数 polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度 average degree of polymerization质量分布函数 mass distribution function数量分布函数 number distribution function重量分布函数 weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布 Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布 most probable distribution对数正态分布 logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距 mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrationθ温度 theta temperatureθ态 theta stateθ溶剂 theta solvent良溶剂 good solvent不良溶剂 poor solvent位力系数 Virial coefficient排除体积 excluded volume溶胀因子 expansion factor溶胀度 degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggins equation哈金斯系数 Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数 solubility parameter摩擦系数 frictional coefficient流体力学等效球 hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积 hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model球-簧链模型 ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射 flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射 dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射 low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数 sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法 sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法 sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity increment黏度比 viscosity ratio黏数 viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计 [Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计 capillary viscometer落球黏度计 ball viscometer落球黏度 ball viscosity本体黏度 bulk viscosity比浓黏度 reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度 inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数 intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数 viscosity function零切变速率黏度 zero shear viscosity端基分析 analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法 vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射 coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量 refractive index increment瑞利比 Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比 excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数 particle scattering function粒子散射因子 particle scattering factor齐姆图 Zimm plot散射的非对称性 dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用 depolarization分级 fractionation沉淀分级 precipitation fractionation萃取分级 extraction fractionation色谱分级 chromatographic fractionation柱分级 column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级 elution fractionation热分级 thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法 gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限 molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法 solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限 molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积 elution volume普适标定 universal calibration加宽函数 spreading function链轴 chain axis等同周期 identity period链重复距离 chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期 crystalline fold period构象重复单元 conformational repeating unit几何等效 geometrical equivalence螺旋链 helix chain构型无序 configurational disorder链取向无序 chain orientational disorder构象无序 conformational disorder锯齿链 zigzag chain双[股]螺旋 double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向 global chain orientation结晶聚合物 crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物 semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体 polymer crystal高分子微晶 polymer crystallite结晶度 degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 高分子[异质]同晶现象 macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学 morphology of polymer片晶 lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶 axialite树枝[状]晶体 dendrite纤维晶 fibrous crystal串晶结构 shish-kebab structure球晶 spherulite折叠链 folded chain链折叠 chain folding折叠表面 fold surface折叠面 fold plane折叠微区 fold domain相邻再入模型 adjacent re-entry model接线板模型 switchboard model缨状微束模型 fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体 folded-chain crystal平行链晶体 parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体 extended-chain crystal球状链晶体 globular-chain crystal长周期 long period近程结构 short-range structure远程结构 long-range structure成核作用 nucleation分子成核作用 molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation主结晶 primary crystallization后期结晶 secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶 epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长 epitaxial growth织构 texture液晶态 liquid crystal state溶致性液晶 lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶 thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶 thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶 smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相 smectic mesophase近晶相 smectic phase条带织构 banded texture环带球晶 ringed spherulite向列相 nematic phase盘状相 discotic phase解取向 disorientation分聚 segregation非晶相 amorphous phase非晶区 amorphous region非晶态 amorphous state非晶取向 amorphous orientation链段运动 segmental motion亚稳态 metastable state相分离 phase separation亚稳相分离 spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相 microphase界面相 boundary phase相容性 compatibility混容性 miscibility不相容性 incompatibility不混容性 immiscibility增容作用 compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭 concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光 excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光 exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜 laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向 uniaxial orientation双轴取向 biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度 degree of orientation橡胶态 rubber state玻璃态 glassy state高弹态 elastomeric state黏流态 viscous flow state伸长 elongation高弹形变 high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原 nerviness拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比 Poisson's ratio杨氏模量 Young's modulus本体模量 bulk modulus剪切模量 shear modulus法向应力 normal stress剪切应力 shear stress剪切应变 shear strain屈服 yielding颈缩现象 necking屈服应力 yield stress屈服应变 yield strain脆性断裂 brittle fracture脆性开裂 brittle cracking脆-韧转变 brittle ductile transition脆化温度 brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂 ductile fracture冲击强度 impact strength拉伸强度 tensile strength极限拉伸强度 ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度 tearing strength弯曲强度 flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量 bending modulus弯曲应变 bending strain弯曲应力 bending stress收缩开裂 shrinkage crack剪切强度 shear strength剥离强度 peeling strength疲劳强度 fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲 deflection压缩强度 compressive strength压缩永久变形 compression set压缩变形 compressive deformation压痕硬度 indentation hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness布氏硬度 Brinell hardness抗刮性 scrath resistance断裂力学 fracture mechanics力学破坏 mechanical failure应力强度因子 stress intensity factor断裂伸长 elongation at break屈服强度 yield strength断裂韧性 fracture toughness弹性形变 elastic deformation弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis弹性 elasticity弹性模量 modulus of elasticity弹性回复 elastic recovery不可回复形变 irrecoverable deformation 裂缝 crack银纹 craze形变；变形 deformation永久变形 deformation set剩余变形 residual deformation剩余伸长 residual stretch回弹，回弹性 resilience延迟形变 retarded deformation延迟弹性 retarded elasticity可逆形变 reversible deformation应力开裂 stress cracking应力-应变曲线 stress strain curve拉伸应变 stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation 热历史 thermal history热收缩 thermoshrinking扭辫分析 torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白 stress whitening应变能 strain energy应变张量 strain tensor剩余应力 residual stress应变硬化 strain hardening应变软化 strain softening电流变液 electrorheological fluid假塑性 pseudoplastic拉胀性 auxiticity牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体 Bingham fluid冷流 cold flow牛顿剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度 shear viscosity表观剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy塑性形变 plastic deformation塑性流动 plastic flow体积弛豫 volume relaxation拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity黏弹性 viscoelasticity线性黏弹性 linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性 non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变 creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量 relaxation modulus蠕变柔量 creep compliance热畸变温度 heat distortion temperature弛豫谱 relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱 retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间 relaxation time推迟时间 retardation time动态力学行为 dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性 dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线 thermo-mechanical curve动态转变 dynamic transition储能模量 storage modulus损耗模量 loss modulus复数模量 complex modulus复数柔量 complex compliance动态黏度 dynamic viscosity复数黏度 complex viscosity复数介电常数 complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子 dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数 dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间 dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变 glass transition玻璃化转变温度 glass-transition temperature次级弛豫 secondary relaxation次级转变 secondary transition次级弛豫温度 secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型 Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model时-温叠加原理 time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理 Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子 shift factorWLF公式 WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度 softening temperature平衡熔点 equilibrium melting point物理老化 physical ageing光老化 photoageing热老化 thermal ageing热氧老化 thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化 artificial ageing加速老化 accelerated ageing计算机模拟 computer simulation分子动力学模拟 molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟 Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体 monomer官能度 functionality平均官能度 average functionality双官能［基］单体 bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体 trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体 vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体 vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体 vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体 diene monomer极性单体 polar monomer非极性单体 non polar monomer共轭单体 conjugated monomer非共轭单体 non conjugated monomer活化单体 activated monomer官能单体 functional monomer大分子单体 macromer, macromonomer环状单体 cyclic monomer共聚单体 comonomer聚合［反应］ polymerization均聚反应 homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应 (曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应 telomerization自发聚合 spontaneous polymerization预聚合 prepolymerization后聚合 post polymerization再聚合 repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合 cast polymerization链［式］聚合 chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合 vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合 diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］ addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合 controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合 living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合 atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合 reverse atom transfer radical polymerization， RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移 reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合 nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合 stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合 free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合 radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合 redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合 photo polymerization光引发聚合 light initiated polymerization光敏聚合 photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合 four center polymerization电荷转移聚合 charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合 radiation initiated polymerization热聚合 thermal polymerization电解聚合 electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合 plasma polymerization易位聚合 metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合 ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合 precision polymerization环化聚合 cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合 topochemical polymerization平衡聚合 equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合 ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合 radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合 ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合 cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合 carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合 pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合 pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合 living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合 anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合 carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合 living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合 anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合 anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合 anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合 allylic polymerization活［性］聚合 living polymerization两性离子聚合 zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合 Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合 coordination polymerization配位离子聚合 coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合 coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合 coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合 insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合 stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合 tactic polymerization全同立构聚合 isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合 asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合 asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合 asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合 enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合 enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合 isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合 hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合 group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合 elimination polymerization模板聚合 matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合 intercalation polymerization无催化聚合 uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合 ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合 living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合 immortal polymerization酶聚合作用 enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合 coupling polymerization序列聚合 sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚 flash polymerization氧化聚合 oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合 oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合 step growth polymerization缩聚反应 condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合 transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合 homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合 heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerization本体聚合 bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合 solid phase polymerization气相聚合 gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合 adsorption polymerization溶液聚合 solution polymerization沉淀聚合 precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合 slurry polymerization悬浮聚合 suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合 reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合 bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合 dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合 inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合 seeding polymerization乳液聚合 emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合 emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合 inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合 micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合 continuous polymerization半连续聚合 semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合 batch polymerization原位聚合 in situ polymerization均相缩聚 homopolycondensation活化缩聚 activated polycondensation熔融缩聚 melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚 solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚 three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合 interfacial polymerization界面缩聚 interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合 cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合 cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合 cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂 initiator引发剂活性 activity of initiator聚合催化剂 polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂 radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂 azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰 benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂 persulphate initiator复合引发体系 complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂 redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物 charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂 polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂 photoinitiator双官能引发剂 bifunctional initiator， difunctional initiator三官能引发剂 trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂 macroinitiator引发-转移剂 initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂 initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂 photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter正离子催化剂 cationic catalyst正离子引发剂 cationic initiator负离子引发剂 ionioic initiator共引发剂 coinitiator烷基锂引发剂 alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂 anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂 alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂 bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂 late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂 metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂 metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属 bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂 constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂 homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发 chain initiation热引发 thermal initiation染料敏化光引发 dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发 charge transfer initiation诱导期 induction period引发剂效率 initiator efficiency诱导分解 induced decomposition再引发 reinitiation链增长 chain growth, chain propagation增长链端 propagating chain end活性种 reactive species活性中心 active center持续自由基 persistent radical聚合最高温度 ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止 chain termination双分子终止 bimolecular termination初级自由基终止 primary radical termination扩散控制终止 diffusion controlled termination歧化终止 disproportionation termination偶合终止 coupling termination单分子终止 unimolecular termination自发终止 spontaneous termination终止剂 terminator链终止剂 chain terminating agent假终止 pseudotermination自发终止 self termination自由基捕获剂 radical scavenger旋转光闸法 rotating sector method自由基寿命 free radical lifetime凝胶效应 gel effect自动加速效应 autoacceleration effect链转移 chain transfer链转移剂 chain transfer agent尾咬转移 backbitting transfer退化链转移 degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］ addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数 chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用 retardation阻聚作用 inhibition缓聚剂 retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂 retarding agent阻聚剂 inhibitor封端［反应］ end capping端基 terminal group聚合动力学 polymerization kinetics聚合热力学 polymerization thermodynamics聚合热 heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］ copolymerization二元共聚合 binary copolymerization三元共聚合 ternary copolymerization竞聚率 reactivity ratio自由基共聚合 radical copolymerization离子共聚合 ionic copolymerization无规共聚合 random copolymerization理想共聚合 ideal copolymerization交替共聚合 alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合 azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合 graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合 block copolymerization开环共聚合 ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程 copolymerization equation共缩聚 copolycondensation逐步共聚合 step copolymerization同种增长 homopropagation自增长 self propagation交叉增长 cross propagation前末端基效应 penultimate effect交叉终止 cross terminationQ值 Q valuee值 e valueQ,e概念 Q, e scheme序列长度分布 sequence length distribution侧基反应 reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂 chain extender交联 crosslinking化学交联 chemical crosslinking自交联 self crosslinking光交联 photocrosslinking交联度 degree of crosslinking硫化 vulcanization固化 curing硫［黄］硫化 sulfur vulcanization促进硫化 accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联 peroxide crosslinking无规交联 random crosslinking交联密度 crosslinking density交联指数 crosslinking index解聚 depolymerization①降解②退化 degradation链断裂 chain breaking解聚酶 depolymerase细菌降解 bacterial degradation生物降解 biodegradation化学降解 chemical degradation辐射降解 radiation degradation断链降解 chain scission degradation自由基链降解 free radical chain degradation无规降解 random degradation水解降解 hydrolytic degradation热降解 thermal degradation热氧化降解 thermal oxidative degradation光降解 photodegradation光氧化降解 photo oxidative degradation力化学降解 mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合 graft polymerization活化接枝 activation grafting接枝点 grafting site链支化 chain branching支化度 degree of branching接枝效率 efficiency of grafting接枝度 grafting degree辐射诱导接枝 radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合 block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子 macromolecule, polymer超高分子 supra polymer天然高分子 natural polymer无机高分子 inorganic polymer有机高分子 organic polymer无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer元素高分子 element polymer高聚物 high polymer聚合物 polymer低聚物 oligomer二聚体 dimer三聚体 trimer调聚物 telomer预聚物 prepolymer均聚物 homopolymer无规聚合物 random polymer无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer。
高分子专业英语词汇汉译英(精)
--- 均方末端距mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距- 非交联的uncross-linked 非交联的- 三维有序的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的- 三乙基硼氟酸羊triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊 - 射线光X-ray x 射线 x 光- 缨状微束理论fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论- 折叠链片晶理论folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 - 逐步聚合step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合（表面）发粘的, 粘连性tacky （表面）发粘的 , 粘连性（空间）排布，排列arrangement （空间）排布，排列（链）引发initiation （链）引发（链）终止terminate （链）终止（链）转移，（热）传递transfer （链）转移，（热）传递（生）面团，揉好的面dough （生）面团，揉好的面 (作用于分子间的intermolecular (作用于分子间的氨基，氨基的amino 氨基，氨基的氨基甲酸酯urethane 氨基甲酸酯把…相互连接起来连接interlink 把…相互连接起来连接半晶semicrystalline 半晶半径radius 半径饱和saturation 饱和苯基锂phenyllithium 苯基锂苯基钠phenyl sodium 苯基钠变化，改变variation 变化，改变变形deformation 形变变形性，变形能力deformability 变形性，变形能力表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性剂表征成为…的特征characterize 表征成为…的特征玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的玻璃化温度glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度玻璃态glassy 玻璃（态）的玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态不饱和的unsaturated 不饱和的不规则性，不均匀的irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的不均匀的，非均匀的heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的不了或缺的indispensable 不了或缺的不完全的imperfect 不完全的参数parameter 参数侧基pendant group 侧基缠结，纠缠entanglement 缠结，纠缠产率yield 产率超声波ultrasonic 超声波超速离心（分离）ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离）撤出evacuate 撤出沉淀，澄清settle 沉淀，澄清沉降（法）sedimentation 沉降（法）衬里，贴面line 衬里，贴面成分ingredient 成分成型shaping 成型尺寸dimension 尺寸尺寸稳定性dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性稠度，粘稠度consistency 稠度，粘稠度纯度purity 纯度醇（碱金属）烯催化剂Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂催化剂，触媒catalyst 催化剂，触媒脆的，易碎的brittle 脆的，易碎的错位，位错dislocation 错位，位错大分子，高分子macromelecule 大分子，高分子单官能度的monofunctional 单官能度的单键single bond 单键单体monomer 单体单轴的uniaxial 单轴的弹性模量elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性体elastomer 弹性体弹性指数slastic parameter 弹性指数当量的，化学计算量的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的导电材料conductive material 导电材料等规立构的isotactic 等规立构的丁二烯butadiene 丁二烯丁基锂butyllithium 丁基锂定向，取向orient 定向，取向定向orientation 定向动力学kinetics 动力学动力学链长kinetic chain length 动力学链长断裂rupture 断裂堆积物，沉积deposit 堆积物，沉积堆砌packing 堆砌多分散的polydisperse 多分散的多分散性polydispersity 多分散性多官能度的polyfunctional 多官能度的多孔性，孔隙率porosity 多孔性，孔隙率二（元）胺diamine 二（元）胺二（元）醇diol 二（元）醇二（元）酸diacid 二（元）酸二次成型secondary shaping operation 二次成型二聚物（体）dimer 二聚物（体）二烯烃diolefin 二烯烃二元的dibasic 二元的反应物，试剂reactent 反应物，试剂反应性，活性reactivity 反应性，活性反应性的，活性的reactive 反应性的，活性的芳香（族）的aromatic 芳香（族）的非弹性的nonelastic 非弹性的分级fractionation 分级分解，分散，分离disintegrate 分解，分散，分离分解decomposition 分解分类（法）categorization 分类（法）分散剂dispersant 分散剂分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布分子量分布molecular weight 分子量粉状的powdery 粉状的副作用side reaction 副作用改性modify 改性隔离基团spacer group 隔离基团各项同性的isotropic 各项同性的功能聚合物functional polymer 功能聚合物功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物共聚（合）copolymerization 共聚（合）共聚物copolymer 共聚物构象conformation 构象固有的intrinsic 固有的官能团functional group 官能团光敏剂photosensitizer 光敏剂光气，碳酰氯phosgene 光气，碳酰氯光散射light scattering 光散射合成synthesis 合成合成synthesize 合成合成的synthetic 合成的核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振核径迹探测器nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法花纹，图样式样pattern 花纹，图样式样缓释剂corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂机理mechanism 机理基体，结晶crystal 基体，结晶基体，母体，基质，矩阵matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵挤出extrusion 注射成型挤压squeeze 挤压加成聚合物，加聚物addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物加工，成型processing 加工，成型加重，恶化aggravate 加重，恶化夹杂（带）的occluded 夹杂（带）的假定的，理想的，有前提的hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的间歇式的intermittent 间歇式的碱金属alkali metal 碱金属键断裂能bond dissociation energy 键断裂能降解depropagation 降解交联crosslinking 交联胶体colloid 胶体搅拌agitation 搅拌结构，组织texture 结构，组织结晶的crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的结晶性，结晶度crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度解除，松开release 解除，松开解聚depolymerization 解聚介质中等的，中间的medium 介质中等的，中间的界限，范围boundary 界限，范围晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的竞聚率reactivity ratio 竞聚率聚苯烯polypropylene 聚苯烯聚苯乙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯聚丁烯polybutene 聚丁烯聚合（物）的polymeric 聚合（物）的聚合度degree of polymerization 聚合度聚合物【体】，高聚物polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯聚酰胺polyamide 聚酰胺聚乙烯polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯醇polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇聚酯化（作用）polyesterification 聚酯化（作用）开链unzippering 开链开始，着手commence 开始，着手抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂抗张强度tensile strength 抗张强度控制释放controlled release 控制释放口模成型dieforming 口模成型扩散diffuse 扩散拉直，拉长stretch 拉直，拉长冷冻水chilled water 冷冻水离解dissociate 离解离心centrifuge 离心离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合离子交换树脂ion 离子离子型聚合ionic 离子的理想的，概念的ideal 理想的，概念的力学性能，机械性能mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能立构规整性【度】srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】连锁反应chain reaction 连锁反应链段segment 链段链段segment 链段链间的interchain 链间的链终止chain termination 链终止流动性mobility 流动性流体静力学hydrostatic 流体静力学硫化vulcanization 硫化络合物complex 络合物氯（气）chlorine 氯（气）氯乙烯vinyl 乙烯基（的）密度density 密度密封seal 密封模塑成型moulding 模塑成型模型model 模型逆流countercurrent 逆流黏弹态viscoelastic 黏弹性的黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量黏均分子量viscosity 黏度黏流态viscofluid state 黏流态凝胶 gel 凝胶农药，化肥 agrochemical 排列成行 align 配方 formulation 喷洒sprinkle 喷洒片晶 platelet 片晶平衡 equilibrium 潜在的 latent 平衡潜在的嵌入，埋入，包埋氢键排列成行配方农药，化肥嵌入，埋入，包埋 imbed 强度 strength 强度氢（气）hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrogen 缺陷 defect 缺陷氢（气）取代，代替substitution 取代，代替热成型 thermoforming 热固性的 thermoset 热解 pyrolysis 热成型热固性的热解热塑性的热传递 heat transfer 热传递热力学地thermondynamically 热力学地热塑性的 thermoplastic 溶剂 solvent 溶解 dissolution 溶解度 solubility 溶胀 swell 熔化的 molten 柔量 compliance 溶胀熔化的柔量溶剂溶解溶解度溶胀的 swollen 溶胀的柔软的 flexible 柔软的三苯甲基钾 triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾三聚物（体）trimer 三聚物（体）三氯化铁三元的，叔（特）的三氯化铁 titanium trichloride 三元的，叔（特）的 tertiary 筛子，筛分scalp 熵 entropy 熵伸长率，延伸率 elongation 渗透性 permeability 渗透性生物（学）的 biological 生物医学的 biomedical 食盐 common salt 食盐生长链，活性链growing chain 生物（学）的生物医学的生长链，活性链伸长率，延伸率筛子，筛分使…变形，扭曲 distort 使脱氢 dehydrogenate 收缩 retract 收缩使…变形，扭曲使脱氢数均分子量使…溶解 dissolve 使…溶解数均分子量 number average molecular weight 双键 double bond 双键四氯化钛 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛四氢呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 塑料 plastics 塑料碎屑，碎片 fragment 羧基 carboxyl 羧基羧基酸 hydocy acid 羧基酸缩（合）聚（合）polycondensation 缩合聚合物，缩聚物condensation polymer 太阳能 solar energy 太阳能炭 char 炭特性 peculiarity 烃基hydroxyl 统计的 statistical 涂覆 coating 涂覆脱单塔 stripping tower 脱水 dewater 脱水外形，轮廓 contour 外形，轮廓烷基铝 aluminum alkyl 微晶 crystallite 稳定剂stabilizer 稳定性 stability 稳定性污物 contaminant 污物无定型的，非晶体的amorphous 无规降解 random decomposition 无规立构的 atactic 无规立构的无规线团random coil 无规线团无机聚合物 inorganic polymer 烯丙基 allyl 烯丙基烯烃的olefinic 烯烃的细分区分 subdivide 纤维 fiber 线团 coil 线团纤维细分区分微晶稳定剂烷基铝脱单塔特性烃基同时，同步统计的碎屑，碎片四氢呋喃缩（合）聚（合）缩合聚合物，缩聚物同时，同步 simultaneously 无定型的，非晶体的无规降解无机聚合物酰胺化（作用）amidation 酰胺化（作用）线团状的 coiling 线团状的相互作用相互作用 interaction 橡胶 rubber 橡胶想象，推测 imagine 想象，推测橡胶态的 rubbery 橡胶态的消除，打开，除去eliminate 形变 deformation 变形形态（学）morphology 形态（学）型柸 parison 型柸性能，行为 behavior 性能，行为性能，特征 performance 性能，特征絮凝剂flocculating agent 压延 calendering 衍射 diffraction 氧鎓羊 oxonium 药品，药物 drug 液晶 liquid crystal 液晶依数性 colligative 乙烯基醚 vinyl chloride 异丁烯 isobutylene 异氰酸酯 isocyanate 阴（负）离子的 anionic 引发剂 initiator 引发剂引力，吸引attraction 硬度 hardness 油轮，槽车 tanker 淤浆 slurry 淤浆硬度油轮，槽车引力，吸引异丁烯异氰酸酯阴（负）离子的依数性乙烯基醚氯乙烯异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属乙烯基（的）vinyl ether 压延成型压延衍射氧鎓羊药品，药物，药物的，医药的药品，药物絮凝剂旋转，回旋 gyration 旋转，回旋压延成型calendering 消除，打开，除去小球，液滴，颗粒 globule 小球，液滴，颗粒阳（正）离子的 cationic 阳（正）离子的药品，药物，药物的，医药的pharmaceutical 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属 isopropylate 有规立构的，立构规整性的stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的运动，流动 mobilize 运动，流动杂质impurity 杂质载体 carrier 载体增进，改善 improve 增进，改善粘稠的 viscous 粘稠的照射，辐射 irradiation 真是的 real 真是的照射，辐射争论，争议 controversy 争论，争议正[阳]离子 cation 正[阳]离子正的，阳（性）的 positive 正的，阳（性）的脂肪（族）的 aliphatic 脂肪（族）的酯化（作用）esterification 酯化（作用）中性的 neutral 中性的重复单元重均分子量主链，骨干助催化剂挤出转化率转化自由基聚合种类，类型 category 种类，类型重复单元 repeating unit 主链，骨干 backbone 助催化剂 cocatalyst 注射成型 extrusion 转化 conversion 转化率conversion 转矩 torsion 转矩自由基阻燃剂最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] 最小化最小值，最小的模型活化（作用）重均分子量 weight average molecular weight 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radical 阻燃剂 flame retardant 最小化 minimise ( 模型 mo(ulding 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]optimum 最小值，最小的 minimum 活化（作用）activation 手风琴手风琴。
高分子化学术语中英对照
⾼高分⼦子化学术语中英⽂文对照新序码 汉⽂文名 英⽂文名 注释1 ⾼高分⼦子 macromolecule, polymer ⼜又称“⼤大分⼦子”。
2 超⾼高分⼦子 supra polymer3 天然⾼高分⼦子 natural polymer4 ⽆无机⾼高分⼦子 inorganic polymer5 有机⾼高分⼦子 organic polymer6 ⽆无机-有机⾼高分⼦子 inorganic organic polymer7 ⾦金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer8 元素⾼高分⼦子 element polymer9 ⾼高聚物 high polymer10 聚合物 polymer11 低聚物 oligomer 曾⽤用名“⻬齐聚物”。
12 ⼆二聚体 dimer13 三聚体 trimer14 调聚物 telomer15 预聚物 prepolymer16 均聚物 homopolymer17 ⽆无规聚合物 random polymer18 ⽆无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物 regular polymer25 ⾮非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 ⽆无规⽴立构聚合物 atactic polymer27 全同⽴立构聚合物 isotactic polymer ⼜又称“等规聚合物”。
28 间同⽴立构聚合物 syndiotactic polymer ⼜又称“间规聚合物”。
29 杂同⽴立构聚合物 heterotactic polymer ⼜又称“异规聚合物”。
高分子化学术语中英文对照
高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称“大分子”。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名“齐聚物”。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称“等规聚合物”。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称“间规聚合物”。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称“异规聚合物”。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。
31 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32 苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34 赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36 共聚物copolymer37 二元共聚物binary copolymer38 三元共聚物terpolymer39 多元聚合物multipolymer40 序列共聚物sequential copolymer41 多层共聚物multilayer copolymer42 多相聚合物multiphase polymer43 统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer44 无规共聚物random copolymer46 周期共聚物periodic copolymer47 梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48 嵌段共聚物block copolymer 又称“嵌段聚合物(block polymer)” 。
高分子化学名词解释
第一章绪论（Introduction）高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：所谓高分子化合物，系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
重复单元（repeating unit）:聚氯乙稀分子链可以看作结构单元多次重复构成，因此括号内的化学结构也可称为重复单元或链节（chain element）。
聚合度（degree of polymerigation）:重复单元的数目n，表征聚合物分子量大小的一个物理参数。
分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物，因此它的分子量具有一定的分布，分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
分子量分布指数（多分散系数）： D=1 均一分子量 D>1 分子量多分散性多分散性（Polydispersity）：聚合物通常由一系列相对分子量不同的大分子同系物组成的混合物，用以表达聚合物的相对分子量大小并不相等的专业术语叫多分散性。
加聚反应（addition polymerigation）：通过打开环或双键、三键互相联结起来而形成聚合物的反应。
聚合过程中无小分子副产物生成。
缩聚反应（polycondensation）：缩聚反应通常是经由单体分子的官能团间的反应，在形成缩聚物的同时，伴有小分子副产物的生成。
链(增长）式聚合（链式聚合，chain （growth） polymerigation）：烯类单体的加聚反应，绝大多数属于链增长聚合反应。
反应过程中，反应体系始终由单体、高相对分子质量聚合物和微量引发剂组成，没有中间产物，单体转化率与反应时间无关。
逐步(增长)聚合（step growth polymerigation）：逐步聚合没有活性中心，它是通过一系列单体上所带的能相互反应的官能团间的反应逐步实现的。
绝大多数缩聚反应以及合成聚氨酯的聚加成反应等等都是逐步增长聚合反应。
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照(精)
05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质brush polymercoiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应5 三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer6 乙烯基单体vinyl monomervinylidene monomer 1,1-亚乙烯基单体，7偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，81,2-二取代乙烯单体9 双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerizationpolyaddition聚加成反应，101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit 179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子化学专业术语中英文对照
高分子化学专业术语中英文对照中英文对照加聚反应Addition Polymerization加聚物Addition Polymer粘结剂Adhesive老化Ageing交替共聚物Alternating Copolymer交替共聚Alternating Copolymerization无定型态Amorphous State阴离子聚合Anionic Polymerization无规立构Atactic无规立构聚合物Atactic Polymer原子转移自由基聚合Auto Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP 自动加速Auto-acceleration平均官能度Average Functionality恒比共聚Azeotropic Copolymerization恒比点Azeotropic Point支化型聚合物Branched Polymer共混改性Blending Modificatioon嵌段共聚物Block Copolymer本体聚合Bulk or Mass Polymerization笼蔽效应Cage Effect碳链聚合物Carbon Chain Polymer阳离子聚合Cationic Polymerization扩链Chain Extension链节Chain Element链引发Chain Initiation连锁聚合Chain Polymerization链增长Chain Propagation链终止Chain Termination链转移Chain Transfer链转移剂Chain Transfer Agent手性中心Chiral Center顺丁橡胶cis-1,4-Polybutadiene rubber,BR涂料Coatings共缩聚Co-condensation Polymerization梳形聚合物Comb-shaped Polymer络合聚合Complexing Polymerization缩聚反应Condensation Polymerization构型异构Configurational Isomerism构象异构Conformational Isomerism转化率Conversion配位聚合Coordination Polymerization共聚物Copolymer共聚合Copolymerization共聚组成Copolymer Composition偶合终止Coupling Termination反离子Counterion临界胶束浓度Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC 交联Crosslinking结晶态Crystalline Morphology降解Degradation聚合度Degree of Polymerization, DP树枝状聚合物Dendritic Polymer解聚Depolymerization分散剂Dispersant歧化终止Disproportionation Termination元素有机高分子Elementary Organic Polymer乳化作用Emulsification乳化剂Emulsifier乳液聚合Emulsion Polymerization乳胶粒Emulsion Particle对映体异构Enantiomer Isomerism环氧树脂Epoxy Resin端基End Group平衡缩聚Equilibrium Polycondensation过量分率Excessive Ratio反应程度Extent of Reaction纤维Fiber功能材料Functional Material功能高分子Functional Polymer官能度Functionality, f几何异构Geometrical Isomerism凝胶点Gel point, Pc凝胶效应Gel Effect凝胶化Gelation玻璃化温度Glass Transition Temperature, Tg 接枝聚合Graft Copolymerization接枝共聚物Graft Copolymer半衰期Half-life杂链聚合物Hetero-chain Polymer高密度聚乙烯High Density Polyethylene HDPE 高抗冲聚苯乙烯High Impact Polystyrene, HIPS 均相成核Homogenous Nucleation均聚物Homopolymer均聚合Homopolymerization均缩聚Homopolycondensation理想共聚Ideal Copolymerization理想恒比共聚Ideal Azeotropic Copolymerization 诱导期Induction Period诱导分解Induced Decomposition阻聚剂Inhibitor阻聚作用Inhibition引发剂Initiator引发效率Initiator Efficiency无机高分子Inorganic Polymer插入聚合Insertion Polymerization原位复合In-situ Compounding界面缩聚Interfacial Polycondensation互穿网络Interpenetrating Polymer Network 离子聚合Ionic Polymerization离子对Ion-pair异构化聚合Isomerization Polymerization等规立构Isotactic等规度Isotacticity动力学链长Kinetic Chain Length梯形聚合物Ladder Polymer自由基寿命Life-time of Free Radical线型缩聚Linear Polycondensation线型聚合物Linear Polymer活性聚合Living Polymerization“活性”/可控自由基聚合“Living”/Controlled Polymerization 低密度聚乙烯Low Density Polyethylene LDPE 高分子（大分子）Macromolecule主链Main Chain熔融缩聚Melt Polycondensation茂金属引发剂Metallocene Initiator胶束成核Micelle Nucleation混缩聚Mixing Polycondensation摩尔系数Molar Coefficient单体Monomer单体单元Monomer Unit单体液滴Monomer Droplet天然高分子Natural Polymer邻位基团效应Neighboring Group Effect交联型聚合物Network Structure Polymer非理想共聚Non-ideal Copolymerization非理想恒比共聚Non-ideal Azeotropic Copolymerization 线型酚醛树脂Novolacs尼龙Nylon尼龙-6 Nylon-6, PA-6尼龙-66 Nylon-66, PA-66光学异构Optical Isomerism齐聚物（低聚物）Oligomer氧化偶合反应Oxidative Coupling Polymerization前末端效应Penultimate Effect光引发Photo initiation塑料Plastics聚酰胺Polyamide, PA聚加成反应Polyaddition Reaction聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate, PC聚酯Polyester, PET聚醚Polyether聚合物Polymer聚合物合金Polymer Alloy高分子化学Polymer Chemistry聚苯乙烯Polystyrene, PS聚乙烯Polythene PE聚氨酯Polyurethane聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC 几率效应Probable Effect辐射引发Radiation Initiation自由基聚合Radical Polymerization 无规聚合物Random Copolymer无规预聚物Random Prepolymer竞聚率Reactivity Ratios重复单元Repeating Unit缓聚作用Retardation缓聚剂Retarder可逆加成-断裂转移自由基聚合Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer, RAFT开环聚合Ring-Opening Polymerization 橡胶Rubber半梯形聚合物Semiladder Polymer侧链Side Chain侧基Side Group固相缩聚Solid Phase Polycondensation 溶液缩聚Solution Polycondensation溶液聚合Solution Polymerization星形聚合物Star-shaped Polymer逐步聚合Step Polymerization立体异构Stereo isomerism有规立构聚合物Stereo-regular Polymer有规立构聚合Stereo-regular Polymerization 定向聚合Stereo-specific Polymerization位阻效应Steric Effect结构单元Structural Unit结构材料Structural Material结构预聚物Structural Prepolymer丁苯橡胶Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers,SBR悬浮聚合Suspension Polymerization增溶胶束Swollen Micelle间规立构Syndiotactic间规度Syndiotacticity间规聚苯乙烯Syndiotactic Polystyrene合成高分子Synthetic Polymer遥爪聚合物T elechelic Polymer涤纶Terylene or Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET 热引发Thermal Initiation热塑性聚合物Thermoplastic Polymer热固性聚合物Thermosetting Polymer体型缩聚Three Dimensional PolycondensationZigler-Natta引发剂Zigler-Natta -Initiator。
高分子化学中英文对照
05. 高分子化学高分子物质brush polymercoiling type polymer聚合与高分子化学反应17环状单体cyclic monomer18共聚单体comonomer19聚合［反应］polymerization20均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应 (曾用名)oligomerization22调聚反应telomerization23自发聚合spontaneous polymerization 24预聚合prepolymerization25后聚合post polymerization26再聚合repolymerization27铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28链［式］聚合chain polymerization29烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名)free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP 34活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radicalpolymerization， RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerizationpolymerization41自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization 42氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名)dead end polymerization44光［致］聚合photo polymerization45光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47四中心聚合four center polymerization48电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization 50热聚合thermal polymerization51电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53易位聚合metathesis polymerization54开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55精密聚合precision polymerization56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization 58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization 59离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization 61离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization 66活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization 72负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization 73烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74活［性］聚合living polymerization75两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77配位聚合coordination polymerization78配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization 81插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization 86不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization 89对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization 92基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP 93消除聚合elimination polymerization94模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95插层聚合intercalation polymerization96无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97开环聚合ring opening polymerization98活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization 99不死的聚合immortal polymerization100酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102偶联聚合coupling polymerization103序列聚合sequential polymerization104闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification typepolymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation 111均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization 113相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114本体聚合bulk polymerization, masspolymerization115固相聚合solid phase polymerization 116气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization117吸附聚合adsorption polymerization 118溶液聚合solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization 120淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspensionpolymerization123珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearlpolymerization124分散聚合dispersion polymerization125反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126种子聚合seeding polymerization127乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134原位聚合in situ polymerization135均相缩聚homopolycondensation136活化缩聚activated polycondensation137熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140界面聚合interfacial polymerization141界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145引发剂initiator146引发剂活性activity of initiator147聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148自由基引发剂radical initiator149偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator1502,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN 151过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153复合引发体系complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂redox initiator155电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC156聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157光敏引发剂photoinitiator158双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator， difunctionalinitiator159三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160大分子引发剂macroinitiator161引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator,iniferter163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166正离子引发剂cationic initiator167负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168共引发剂coinitiator169烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocenecatalyst183均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184链引发chain initiation185热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188诱导期induction period189引发剂效率initiator efficiency190诱导分解induced decomposition191再引发reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propagation193增长链端propagating chain end194活性种reactive species195活性中心active center196持续自由基persistent radical197聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198链终止chain termination199双分子终止bimolecular termination200初级自由基终止primary radical termination201扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202歧化终止disproportionation termination203偶合终止coupling termination204单分子终止unimolecular termination205自发终止spontaneous termination206终止剂terminator207链终止剂chain terminating agent208假终止pseudotermination209自发终止self termination210自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211旋转光闸法rotating sector method212自由基寿命free radical lifetime213凝胶效应gel effect214自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215链转移chain transfer216链转移剂chain transfer agent217尾咬转移backbitting transfer218退化链转移degradation (degradative) chaintransfer219加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220链转移常数chain transfer constant221①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation222阻聚作用inhibition223缓聚剂retarder224缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225阻聚剂inhibitor226封端［反应］end capping227端基terminal group228聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230聚合热heat of polymerization231共聚合［反应］copolymerization232二元共聚合binary copolymerization233三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234竞聚率reactivity ratio235自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237无规共聚合random copolymerization238理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244共聚合方程copolymerization equation245共缩聚copolycondensation246逐步共聚合step copolymerization247同种增长homopropagation248自增长self propagation249交叉增长cross propagation250前末端基效应penultimate effect251交叉终止cross termination252Q值Q value253e值e value254Q,e概念Q, e scheme255序列长度分布sequence length distribution256侧基反应reaction of pendant group257扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258交联crosslinking259化学交联chemical crosslinking260自交联self crosslinking261光交联photocrosslinking262交联度degree of crosslinking263硫化vulcanization264固化curing265硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268无规交联random crosslinking269交联密度crosslinking density270交联指数crosslinking index271解聚depolymerization高分子物理化学与高分子物理12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity,compositional heterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere 133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streamingbirefringence137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmicviscosity number154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limitingviscosity number155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering ofradiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution]chromatography178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST261最高临界共溶(溶解)温upper critical solution temperature ,度UCST262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking stren gth”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用]relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model397时-温叠加原理time-temperature superpositionprinciple398玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle399平移因子shift factor400WLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 401软化温度softening temperature402平衡熔点equilibrium melting point403物理老化physical ageing高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子化学专业词汇
高分子化学专业词汇A系列烧蚀聚合物 ablative polymer缩醛树脂 acetal resin乙炔类聚合物 acetylenic polymer丙烯醛类聚合物 acrolein polymer酸酯橡胶 acrylate rubber丙烯酸[酯]类聚合物 acrylic polymer丙烯酸[酯]类树脂 acrylic resin丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂 acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS) 活性碳纤维 active carbon fiber加[成]聚[合]物 addition polymer琼脂 agar-agar?白蛋白 albumin醛类聚合物 aldehyde polymer脂肪族环氧树脂 aliphatic epoxy resin脂肪族聚酯 aliphatic polyester醇酸树脂 alkyd resin丙二烯聚合物 allene polymer烯丙基树脂 allyl resin交替共聚物 alternating copolymer胺纤维素 amine cellulose氨基树脂 amino resin三聚氰胺树脂 Aminotriazine resin两亲嵌段共聚物 amphiphilic block copolymer两亲聚合物 amphiphilic polymer支链淀粉 amylopectin直链淀粉 amylose淀粉 amylum，starch厌氧黏合剂 anaerobic adhesive负离子交换树脂 anion exchange resin芳香族聚酯 aromatic polyester聚芳砜酰胺 aromatic polysulfonamide初生纤维 as-formed fiber缔合聚合物 association polymer无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer恒[组]分共聚物 azeotropic copolymer偶氮类聚合物 azo polymer"丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂简称“ABS树脂”"B系列阻透聚合物 barrier polymer二元共聚物 binary copolymer生物活性高分子 bioactive polymer生物降解高分子 biodegradable polymer生物弹性体 bioelastomer生物可蚀性高分子 bioerodable polymer生物医用高分子 biomedical polymer仿生高分子 biomimetic polymer生物高分子 biopolymer双酚A环氧树脂 bisphenol A epoxy resin双酚A聚碳酸酯 bisphenol A polycarbonate聚醚酯 block poly(ester ether)碳化硼纤维 boron carbide fiber支化聚合物 branched polymer刷状聚合物 brush polymer丁腈橡胶 butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, nitrile rubber丁基橡胶 butyl rubber缩丁醛树脂 butyral resinC系列碳环梯形聚合物 carbocyclic ladder polymer碳链聚合物 carbon chain polymer碳纤维 carbon fiber碳纳米管 carbon nano-tube羧基丁腈橡胶 carboxy terminated nitrile rubber 羧甲基纤维素 carboxymethyl cellulose正离子交换树脂 cation exchange resin花菜状聚合物 cauliflower polymer纤维素 celluloseα纤维素α celluloseβ纤维素β celluloseγ纤维素γ cellulose链型聚合物 chain polymer螯合聚合物 chelate polymer螯合[型]离子交换剂 chelating ion-exchanger螯合[型]树脂 chelating resin化学纤维 chemical fiber手性高分子 chiral polymer甲壳质 chitin氯化聚乙烯 chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)氯丁橡胶 chloroprene rubber氯磺化聚乙烯 chlorosulfonated polyethylene顺［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯 cis-1,4-polybutadiene顺丁橡胶 cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber顺［式］-1,4-聚异戊二烯 cis-1,4-polyisoprene顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer涂料 coating线团状聚合物 coiling type polymer骨胶原 collagen梳形聚合物 comb polymer通用高分子 commodity polymer复合材料 composite导电聚合物 conducting polymer组合纤维 conjugate fiber共轭聚合物 conjugated polymer配位聚合物 coordination polymer共聚酯 copolyester共聚醚 copolyether?共聚物 copolymer共聚甲醛 copolyoxymethylene核-壳共聚物 core shell copolymer核-壳胶乳聚合物 core shell latex polymer苯并呋喃-茚树脂 coumarone-indene resinD系列降解性高分子 degradable polymer树状高分子 dendrimer, dendritic polymer, tree polymer 脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA）糊精 dextrin二乙炔聚合物 diacetylene polymer二烯丙基聚合物 diallyl polymer二嵌段共聚物 diblock copolymer双烯聚合物 diene polymer二聚体 dimer二甲基硅橡胶 dimethyl silicone rubber双股聚合物 double-strand polymer高熔聚合物 dystectic polymerE系列电活性聚合物 electroactive polymer电致变色聚合物 electrochromic polymer电致发光聚合物 electroluminescent polymer元素高分子 element polymer乳聚丁苯橡胶 emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber(ESBR)工程塑料 engineering plastic类酶高分子 enzyme like polymer氯醚橡胶 epichloro-hydrin rubber环氧树脂 epoxy resin全同间同等量聚合物 equitactic polymer赤型双全同立构聚合物 erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物 erythro-disyndiotactic polymer二元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙二元橡胶”。
专业英语 高分子专业术语
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Repeating Unit
重复单元——化学组成和结构可重复的最小单位
重复单元也称链节(chain unit) 重复单元的数量 或链节数n又称聚合度(degree of polymerization)
H H C H
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单体
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重复单元
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Homopolymer 均聚物——由同一种单体聚合而成
名称 聚乙烯 聚丙烯 聚异丁烯 聚苯乙烯 聚氯乙烯 聚二氯乙烯 聚氟乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯腈
Name
缩写符号
polyethylene PE polypropene PP polyisobutylene PIB polystyrene PS poly(vinyl chloride) PVC poly(vinyl dichloride) PVDC poly(vinyl fluoride) PVF poly(tetrafluroethylene) PTFE poly(acrylonitrile) PAN
Graft polymer A A A A A AA A B B B B B B
聚合物的命名(Nomenclature of Polymers) 不像无机或有机小分子有一套以其化学结构 为基础的系统命名方法；目前多种命名方法并存: a) 基于其组成来源的命名方法(Source-based)； b) 基于结构的命名方法(Structure-based)； c) 商品名及一些约定俗成的命名方法(Trade name) 其命名很难看出结构特点，但较为简单，目前仍 广为流传
高分子化学名词解释精品(精)
高分子化学名词解释第一章绪论（Introduction）1、高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：所谓高分子化合物，系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
2、单体（Monomer）：合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯3、重复单元（Repeating Unit）：在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
4、结构单元（Structural Unit）：单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
5、单体单元（Monomer Unit）：结构单元与原料相比，除了电子结构变化外，其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同，这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
6、聚合度（DP、X n）(Degree of Polymerization) ：衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值；以结构单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值。
7、聚合物分子量（Molecular Weight of Polymer）：重复单元的分子量与重复单元数的乘积；或结构单元数与结构单元分子量的乘积。
8、数均分子量M n(Number-average Molecular Weight)：聚合物中用不同分子量的分子数目平均的统计平均分子量。
9、重均分子量M w（Weight-average Molecular Weight）：聚合物中用不同分子量的分子重量平均的统计平均分子量。
10、粘均分子量M v（Viscosity-average Molecular Weight）：用粘度法测得的聚合物的分子量。
M w>M v>M n11、分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物，因此它的分子量具有一定的分布，分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
高分子化学名词翻译和解释
第一章绪论（Introduction）高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：所谓高分子化合物，系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
单体（Monomer）：合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯。
重复单元（Repeating Unit）：在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
如聚氯乙烯的重复单元为。
单体单元（Monomer Unit）：结构单元与原料相比，除了电子结构变化外，其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同，这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元（Structural Unit）：单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
聚氯乙烯的结构单元为。
聚合度（DP、Xn）(Degree of Polymerization) ：衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值，以Xn表示；以结构单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值，以DP表示。
聚合物是由一组不同聚合度和不同结构形态的同系物的混合物所组成，因此聚合度是一统计平均值，一般写成、。
分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物，因此它的分子量具有一定的分布，分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
多分散性（Polydispersity）：聚合物通常由一系列相对分子量不同的大分子同系物组成的混合物，用以表达聚合物的相对分子量大小并不相等的专业术语叫多分散性。
分布指数(Distribution Index) ：重均分子量与数均分子量的比值。
即。
用来表征分子量分布的宽度或多分散性。
连锁聚合（Chain Polymerization）：活性中心引发单体，迅速连锁增长的聚合。
烯类单体的加聚反应大部分属于连锁聚合。
高分子化学名词翻译和解释
第一章绪论（Introduction）高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：所谓高分子化合物，系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
单体（Monomer）：合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯。
重复单元（Repeating Unit）：在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
如聚氯乙烯的重复单元为。
单体单元（Monomer Unit）：结构单元与原料相比，除了电子结构变化外，其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同，这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元（Structural Unit）：单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
聚氯乙烯的结构单元为。
聚合度（DP、Xn）(Degree of Polymerization) ：衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值，以Xn表示；以结构单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值，以DP表示。
聚合物是由一组不同聚合度和不同结构形态的同系物的混合物所组成，因此聚合度是一统计平均值，一般写成、。
分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物，因此它的分子量具有一定的分布，分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
多分散性（Polydispersity）：聚合物通常由一系列相对分子量不同的大分子同系物组成的混合物，用以表达聚合物的相对分子量大小并不相等的专业术语叫多分散性。
分布指数(Distribution Index) ：重均分子量与数均分子量的比值。
即。
用来表征分子量分布的宽度或多分散性。
连锁聚合（Chain Polymerization）：活性中心引发单体，迅速连锁增长的聚合。
烯类单体的加聚反应大部分属于连锁聚合。
高分子名词解释大全
第一章绪论(Introduction)高分子化合物(High Molecular Compound):所谓高分子化合物,系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
单体(Monomer):合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯。
重复单元(Repeating Unit):在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
如聚氯乙烯的重复单元为。
单体单元(Monomer Unit):结构单元与原料相比,除了电子结构变化外,其原子种类与各种原子的个数完全相同,这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元(Structural Unit):单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
聚氯乙烯的结构单元为。
聚合度(DP、X n)(Degree of Polymerization) :衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准,即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值,以表示;以结构单元数为基准,即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值,以表示。
聚合物就是由一组不同聚合度与不同结构形态的同系物的混合物所组成,因此聚合度就是一统计平均值,一般写成、。
聚合物分子量(Molecular Weight of Polymer):重复单元的分子量与重复单元数的乘积;或结构单元数与结构单元分子量的乘积。
数均分子量(Number-average Molecular Weight):聚合物中用不同分子量的分子数目平均的统计平均分子量。
, Ni :相应分子所占的数量分数。
重均分子量(Weight-average Molecular Weight):聚合物中用不同分子量的分子重量平均的统计平均分子量。
, Wi :相应的分子所占的重量分数。
粘均分子量(Viscosity-average Molecular Weight):用粘度法测得的聚合物的分子量。
分子量分布(Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ):由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物,因此它的分子量具有一定的分布,分子量分布一般有分布指数与分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
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高分子化学常见名词（中英文）∙BiopolymerA polymer produced by a living plant, animal fungus, bacterium, orother biological entity.生物高分子：生物高分子是一种由活的植物、生物真菌、细菌或其他生物体提炼出的一种聚合物。
∙Ceiling TemperatureAbove a certain temperature, monomers can no longer be persuaded toform polymers by chain polymerisation. This occurs when the lossin entropy arising from joining many molecules into one outweighs theenergetic benefit of converting double bonds to single bonds. Achain-growth polymer raised above the ceiling temperature willdegrade, or depolymerise.聚合上限温度：单体聚合时，当聚合和解聚处于平衡状态，这时的聚合温度称为聚合上限温度。
当反应温度高于聚合上限温度时，聚合物会解聚成小分子单体。
∙PlasticWhat most people think of when they think of polymers. Strictlyspeaking, a plastic is a polymeric material that can be molded intodifferent shapes when heated (a thermoplastic) - this is true for mostof the materials mentioned on this website, including poly(styrene),nylon66, PVC, and PET. Some misguided people say nasty things aboutplastic, but it wouldn't be everywhere if it wasn't (a) incredibly usefuland (b) incredibly cheap.塑料：从严格意义上来讲，塑料（热塑性）是一种加热后可以浇铸成不同形状的聚合物，包括聚苯乙烯、尼龙66、PVC、PET等。
∙ElastomerA polymer that, when deformed (stretched, twisted, spindled, mutilated,etc.) springs back into its original shape. The elastomer par excellenceis lightly-crosslinked natural rubber.弹性体：弹性体是一种发生形变（如拉伸、扭转、损坏等）后能够恢复原始形状的聚合物。
性能最优异的弹性体是轻度交联的天然橡胶。
∙FiberFibers are polymers that have very high resistance to deformation-theyundergo only low elongation( <10-50%) and have very highmoduli(>35000N/cm2) and tensile strengths (>35000N/cm2).纤维：纤维是一种具有较高抗变形能力的高聚物。
其伸长率小（<10-50％），模量很高(>35000N/cm2)，抗张强度很高(>35000N/cm2)。
∙Synthetic RubberAny synthetic polymer that mimics the properties of natural rubber. Oneof the earliest was ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) rubber,a copolymer containing long segments of each of those three monomers.合成橡胶：合成橡胶的性能类似于天然橡胶的性能。
最早的合成橡胶品种是ABS（丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯）橡胶。
∙Free RadicalA member of the socialist party not caught by McCarthy's inquisition.Also a molecule which has an odd number of electrons. The "unpaired"electron feels lonely and wants to find a friend. If it finds something that might be willing to give it an electron it reacts very quickly with it.Molecules such as other radicals and alkenes turn out to be good things for radicals to attack. The reaction of radicals with the double bonds in alkenes is how some of us earn our living.自由基：化合物中共价键发生均裂时，共价键上两个电子分属于两个基团，这种带独电子的基团呈中性。
∙Side groupsAll the carbon based polymers you will find mentioned on this site have the structure -C-C-C-C-C-C- etc. Anything hanging off that centre chain that is not a hydrogen atom is a side group.侧基：任何悬挂在高分子主链上的非氢原子均称为侧基。
∙Functional GroupAn atom or group of atoms that has similar chemical behavior, no matter what the rest of the molecule looks like. For example, the hydroxy (OH) group in all alcohols has similar reactivity, as does the thio (SH) group in all thiols.官能团：分子中存在的一部分原子、原子团或特征结构，容易发生体现分子主要性质的某些特征反应，因此称它们为官能团。
∙Hydrogen bondThe strongest attraction between two dipoles is when one or both ofthem involves a bond between hydrogen and a stronglyelectronegative atom, like oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Becausehydrogen only has one electron, if it forms a bond with an element that is very keen to grab an electron, it becomes much more positive than an element that has plenty of other electrons left to hang around thepositively charged nucleus. Dipole-dipole interactions between these sort of molecules (like water {H2O}, ammonia {NH3}, hydrofluoricacid{HF}) are so much stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole bonds that we give them the special name of 'hydrogen bonds'.氢键：氢键是极性很强的X－H键上的氢原子与另外一个键上电负性很大的原子上的孤对电子相互吸引而形成的一种键。
氢键作用力比一般的偶极间相互作用力大。
氢键具有饱和性和方向性。
∙OligomerAn oligomer is a molecule which is formed from a few smaller(identical) molecules joined together. Just as a monomer is one (mono)unit (mer) and a dimer is two (di) units, an oligomer is a few units.低聚物：低聚物是几个分子单元连接而成的分子。
∙HydrolysisHydrolysis is a reaction where water attacks a part of a molecule,usually breaking it up. An example of hydrolysis is the breaking of the ester linkages to form a soap out of an oil. In this reaction, the ester linkage is broken, releasing an alcohol and an acid.水解：水解是水攻击分子时使其发生断裂的反应。
如，酯键水解，释放出醇和酸。
∙NylonA class of polymers that is widely use in the clothing industry (amongstothers). Their common feature is the presence of a -C(O)-NH- linkbetween monomer units. This is also called a peptide bond. See Nylon 66 and Nylon 6.尼龙：尼龙是广泛用于纤维工业的聚合物品种。