物流管理-物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记

7物流英语课文正文

第一单元General Introduction to logistics物流概论Logistics is a unique global “pipeline” that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and service to customers the world over.Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby. However, when it comes to modern logistics，most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is.Modern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society, which may include but by no means is limited to:Packaging warehousing material handling inventory transport forecasting strategic planning and customer servicePackaging is the outer wrapping of a product. It is the intended purpose of the packaging to make a product readily sellable as well as to protect it against damage and prevent it from deterioration when in stock.Furthermore, packaging is often the most relevant element of a trademark and conduces to advertising or communication.Warehousing is sometimes needed, and can be provided, to complement inbound and outbound transportation services. There are 4 distinct types of warehousing available, depending upon load content: for finished goods; for raw materials; for consumer fulfillment; and for vendor-managed inventory (VMI).Material handling is any kind of methods for moving material. Material can be moved directly by people lifting the items or using hand carts, slings and other handling accessories (manual lifting and handling). Material can also be moved by people using machines such as cranes, forklift trucks, and other lifting fixtures (mechanical lifting).Inventory is a detailed list of all the items in stock,such as a company’s merchandise, raw materials, and finished and unfinished products which have not yet been sold.Transport is the movement of people, goods, signals and information from one place to another. Forecasting is to estimate the likelihood of an event taking place in the future, based on available data from the past.Strategic planning is planning which focuses on longer-range objectives and goals. It is essentially direction setting and often focuses on new products and new markets.Customer service is the set of behaviors that a business undertakes during its interaction with its customers. It can also refer to a specific person or desk, which is set up to provide general assistance to customers.A systematic definition of logistics is supplied by the Council of Logistics Management: “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information form the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.” Although this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics, it does reflect the need for total movement management form point of material procurement to location of finished product distribution第二单元An Important Factor 一个重要因素It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.As industrial products are not the key factors in planning a physical distribution strategy, they will not be mentioned in this text.An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it. And this is what logistics is chiefly concerned with. Products are of any value when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer. Thus, we should make an analysis of products, depending on who uses them and how they are used.Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers.According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories: convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping. Typical products are banking services, tobacco item, and many foodstuffs. These products generally require wide distribution through many outlets. Distribution costs are typically high but are more than justified by the increased sales potential that is brought about by this wide and extensive distribution. Customer service levels, as expressed in terms of product availability and accessibility, must be high to encourage any reasonable degree of customer patronage for the products.Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seed and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation. Typical products in this category are fashion clothes, automobiles, home furnishings, and medical care. Because of the customer’s willingnes s to shop around, an individual supplier may stock goods or offer services in only a few outlets in a given market area. Distribution costs for such suppliers aresomewhat lower than for convenience products, and product distribution need not be as widespread.Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them. Buyers seek out particular types and brands of goods and services. Examples can be any type of goods ranging from fine foods to custom-made automobiles or a service such as management consulting advice. Because buyers insist on particular brands, distribution is centralized and customer service levels are not as high as those for convenience and shopping products. Physical distribution costs can be the lowest of any product category. Because of this, many firms will attempt to create brand preference for their product line.第三单元Transportation 运输Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for one-third to two-thirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to the users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their combinations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characteristics. These distinguish one transport service from another, and it is what a user buys from the transportation system. The cost characteristics vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures. Rates are based primarily on three factors ---- distance, shipment size, and competition. On the other hand, carrier performance is based on the extent of shipment handling at terminals and inherent speed of the carrier. It is adequately described in terms of average transit time, transit-time variability, and loss and damage.Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.One kind of cost is what is called variable costs. They are those costs that change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity during a time period. Variable costs can be avoided only by not operating the vehicle. Aside form exceptional circumstances, transport rates must at least cover variable costs. The variable category includes direct carrier costs associated with movement of each load. These expenses are generally measured as a cost per mile or per unit of weight. Typical cost component s in this category include labor, fuel and maintenance. On a per mile basis, truck load carrier’s variable costs range from $0.75 to $1.50 per vehicle mile. As explained in any elementary economics text, it is not possible for any carrier to charge below its variable cost and expect to remain in business.International transportation is an area of growing interest and concern to the logistician. The transportation equipment is the same as that used domestically, with the exception that certain elements ofthe transport system have become more important. For example, containerization is popular in international movement. The user of the international transportation system may feel overwhelmed by the increased documentation, by differences in carrier liability, by various customs procedures and the use of foreign trade zones. Fortunately, there exist middlemen, agents, freight forwarders, and brokers to assist the shipper with international movement.第四单元Logistics Strategy 物流战略Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are. If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost.On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest. The logic behind it is that the cash to replace capital invested in inventory can be purchased in the money market.In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory level on a specific day of the year.Insurance cost is a direct levy normally based on estimated risk or exposure over time.Obsolescence means the deterioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.The storage cost incurs in respect of product holding, whether you store the goods in a public warehouse, rented private warehouse or a warehouse you own yourself. The cost, which can well amount to over 37% of the total logistics cost, results in the necessity of making plans for inventory.The plan should be able to answer three basic questions: when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.For the time being we are concerned only with the question of how much to order. The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one-half the order quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.In the figure, the point where the curve of dashes crosses with the straight is the point for most economical number of orders.第五单元Packaging 包装Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. Generally speaking, consumer packaging, which mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it, is of little value to logistics operation. But industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics.Industrial packaging should perform the following functions to meet integrated logistics requirements.First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation. Damage caused by vibration, impact, puncture or compression can happen whenever a package is being transported. Hence, package design and material must combine to achieve the desired level of protection without incurring the expense of over protection. It is possible to design a package that has the correct material content but does not provide a necessary protection. Arriving at a satisfactory solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall conditions (because in most cases, the cost of absolute protection will be prohibitive) and then isolating a combination of design and material capable of meeting those specifications.Second, it should promote logistical efficiency. Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities. For example, the size, shape and type of packaging material influence the type and amount of material handling equipment as well as how goods are stored in the warehouse. Likewise, package size and shape affects loading, unloading, and the transporting of a product. The easier it is to handle a product, the lower the transportation rate. Hence, it the package is designed for efficient logistical processing, overall system performance will benefit.T he third important logistical packaging function is communication or information transfer. To identify package contents for receiving, order selection and shipment verification, etc., is the most obvious communication role of packaging. Typical information includes manufacturer, product, container type, count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number. Ease of package tracking is also important. Effective internal operation and a growing number of customers require that product be tracked as it moves through the logistics channel. This can be realized by the extensive use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFI), a computer chip embedded in the package, container, or vehicle to allow the container and contents to be scanned and verified as it passes checkpoints in the distribution facility and transportation gateway. The final communication role of logistics packaging is to provide instructions as to how to handle the cargo and how to prevent possible damage. For instance, if the product is potentially dangerous, such as fireworks and table tennis balls, the packaging or accompanying material should provide instructions for avoiding moisture, vibration and heating, etc., as the case may be.第六单元Purchasing采购Every organization, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer, buys materials, services, and supplies from outside suppliers to support its operation. For most organizations, supply management means purchasing. In many firms, purchasing has been seen as a clerical activity. However, the emergence of the supply chain management concept has enlightened many managers about the strategic role played by purchasing.Purchasing contributes to the firm’s efficiency and effectiveness in many ways. First, it helps to determine a firm’s cost structure. Purchased goods and services are one of the largest elements of costs for many firms. In the average manufacturing firm in North America, purchased goods and services account for approximately 55 cents of every sales dollar. By way of contrast, the average expense of direct labor in the manufacturing process accounts for only about 10 cents of every sales dollar. While the percentage spent on purchased inputs does vary considerably across organizations, it is clear that the potential savings form strategic management of purchasing are considerable. Therefore, managers with good negotiating shills and strong relationships with suppliers can save their organizations large sums relative to the competition. And identifying the right production equipment and buying it at a good price can create competitive cost advantages that last for many years.Second, good purchasing practices avoid operational problems. Stockouts of raw materials or component parts can shut down a production plant. The quality of finished goods and services is obviously dependent upon the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items. If poor-quality components and materials are used, then the final product will not meet customer’s quality standards. While avoiding these problems may not lead to operational effectiveness, operational effectiveness is impossible if these problems arise.Without effective purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may fall, and long-term customer relationship may be damaged. Before any product can be manufactured, supplies meeting certain conditions must be available. Fortunately, progressive managers have recognized these potential contributions of purchasing and have taken the necessary steps to ensure results. The most important single step in successful organizations has been the elevation to top executive status of the purchasing manager. This, coupled with high-caliber staff and the appropriate authority and responsibility, has resulted in an exciting and fruitful realization of the potential of the purchasing contribution.第七单元Information信息Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides the facts that supply chain managers use to make decisions. Without information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information, a manager can only make decisions blindly.Supply chain managers use information to make many important decisions relating to each of the supply chain drivers. Setting inventory levels requires downstream information form customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability, and information on current inventory levels, costs, and margins. Determining transportation policies requires information on customers, suppliers, routes, costs, times, and quantities to be shipped. Facility decisions require information on demand and suppliers, as well as information on capacities, revenues, and costs within the company.Managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where information technology comes into play. Information technology (IT) consists of the hardware and software used throughout a supply chain to gather and analyze information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and delivering the information necessary to make a good decision. For instance, an IT system at a personal computer (PC) manufacturer may tell a manager how many Pentium IV chips are in stock to put into newly made PCs. IT is also used to analyze the information and recommend an action. In this role, a manager at a PC manufacturer can take the number of chips in inventory, look at demand forecast, and determine whether to order more chips form Intel.第八单元Supply Chain供应链Supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers, etc, that supply to each other raw material, components, products and service. Supply chain management means the design planning and control of the goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.While logistics is not a new thing, supply chain management is comparatively a new idea it was first put forward in the 1980s on the basis of experience and lessons from the past practice.Ford Motor Company is a case in point Henry Ford envisaged a totally self-sufficient industrial empire. In River Rouge just southwest of Detroit, Ford developed a huge manufacturing complex that included an inland port and an intricate network of rail and road transportation. Ford’s objective was control. To achieve this goal, he set out to develop the world’s first complex vertically integrated firm.To ensure a reliable supply of materials Ford invested in coalmines, iron-ore deposits, timberlands, glass factories, and even land to grow soybeans used to manufacture paint. Ford’s commitment to self-sufficiency extended’ to buying 2.5 million acres in Brazil to develop a rubber plantation he calledFordlandia. Ford’s imagination knew no bound. He even ordered a huge quantity of potatoes from South America to explore the possibility of extracting alcohol in, of course, one of his laboratories, hoping that alcohol would one day replace gasoline.Ford’s desire for control went beyond material and components. To transport materials to River Rouge and finished product to dealers he invested in railroads, trucks and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels. The idea was to control all aspects of inventory moving from a network of over forty manufacturing, service, and assembly plants throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Unites Kingdom, and South Africa to dealers throughout the globe.This was clearly one of the most ambitious vertical integration schemes, and Ford found he needed help. At the peak of Ford’s vertical extension the firm faced economic, regulatory, and labor union barriers that eventually required products and services to be provided by a network of independent suppliers. The key to effective marketing was finally found by developing g strong network of independent dealers. As time passed, Ford discovered that specialized, firms could perform most essential work as well as or better than his own bureaucracy. In fact, these specialists often outperformed Ford’s own units with respect to quality and cost. Entrepreneurial firms soon became contributors to Ford’s network. Over time, the Ford strategy shifted from ownership-based control to one of orchestrating channel relationships. The financial resources at Ford were shifted to developing and maintaining core manufacturing competencies Ford found out that in the final analysis, no firm can be self-sufficient.In the later part of the 20th century, Ford Motor Company began to rely on specialist logistics companies for logistics service.Ford Fleet, for example, has been outsourcing its logistics from Exel, a world class leader in supply chain solutions, since 1986, as Ford Fleet found its transport cost was rising while profit diminished.The problem with Ford at that time was that it had come under increasing pressure from industry over awareness. Ford’s purpose was to cut costs from the global supplier base, while expanding its role as a consumer organization.With Exel’s support, Ford has realized significant benefits throughout its corporate sales divisions. This has included a 19% reduction in transportation costs over a period of four years. Proactive fleet management has produced a six-figure saving and has increased the overall utilization and therefore the in-service potential of the demonstration fleet. Equipping drivers with mobile phones has led to a reduction in aborted journeys from 7% to 2%. This produces a saving in terms of driver time and delivered miles on the vehicle, The financial savings for Ford from the efficiency actions taken by Exelhave been complemented by an increase in the service levels to Ford’s customers. Exel is continuously improving the service offering through constant evaluation, development and innovation.第九单元Maritime Transportation 海上运输Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service. There are two types of shipping markets, the liner market and the tramp market.A far greater amount of cargo is shipped by bulk carriers, which can be chartered on the tramp market on a time basis or on voyage basis. A considerable amount of cargo is shipped by huge container ships running on fixed lines around the world. As far as outbound flow of products from manufacturers is concerned, container ships are usually most frequently used.When you need to send cargo to a buyer overseas according to a sales contract, you must, after you have completed the necessary documentation for insurance, cargo survey, etc. as per the clauses in the Letter of Credit, book space on a ship either by yourself or via a freight forwarder. If you decide to book the space yourself, you can go to a shipping company or simply go on the Internet, find the website of the carrier you want, and book the space there. In either case, you have to fill up what is commonly referred to as Booking Note, which is of the ten copies designed for use in different related sectors in the shipping procedures, such as the cargo owners, the ship agent, the container yard, the port authorities for the port dues and port charges, the ship, the dock, and the Customs House.Then, when the shipping company accepts your space-booking, you will receive a Container Load Plan in due course as shown in Figure 9-1. The Container Load Plan is of five copies which will be given to the terminal, the carrier, the ship agent, the shipper and the party that load your container on board the ship.At the same time, the shipping company will make a stowage plan for the ship, which decides the specific location for each container in the holds, taking into consideration of the weight, its destination and the ship’s specifications.When your cargo is stuffed into a container, it is hauled to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board the ship according to the stowage plan. When this is done, the First Mate would sign a Mate’s Receipt (Figure 9_2). This document is very important, as the shipping company will issue the bill of Lading according to the statements on it.You can now take the Bill of Lading (Figure 9-3) (three originals and, as sometimes you can request, three copies) together with all the documents required by the Letter of Credit to the negotiating bank to exchange for money from the buyer.第十单元Third-Party Logistics第三方物流One of the major functions of Third-Party Logistics TPL companies is known as supply chain management, the process that integrates co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials, finished inventory and related information from suppliers through companies to meet consumer requirements.The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce overall costs, minimize lead time, minimize inventory levels and cost, improve service level and streamline goods and information flows. TPL functions as the expertise in providing client with professional operation to achieve the above-mentioned goals. With the increasing competition in the market, the service providers have to obtain a solid footing in the industry by providing differentiated products such as consolidation warehouses, consistent customer relationships, upstream management and visibility, innovation, global network, etc.It has become a global trend for TPL to apply technology to achieve an integrated process. Adopting sophisticated technologies is not just about reducing labor costs, but also about greater visibility, improving customer service and using information more effectively to figure out things like trends and supplier performance.One of the value adding services provided by TPL could be its IT system. Purchase orders will be placed online and licked up online by vendors. They will then produce the merchandise that will then be passed to the logistics company. It is a kind of system that will reduce the order-to-shelf time even further and lead to essential cost efficiencies.Most TPL companies tailor their requirements of their customers, such as providing global reach for a client. Take Maersk Logistics and Federated for example. Being Federated’s global one-stop-shop provider for all ocean-going shipments, Maersk Logistics works with Federated from the moment one of its divisions places an order right through to the company’s distribution center.Local service is another selling point of TPL supply chain management.Efficient trucking service, computerized warehouse system together with customized operation are essential to upgrading the service level of TPL company.All in all, while supply chain management of TPL Company, a key for a continued growth of international trade, has large potentiality for further development, it has a long way to go before reaping a greater success.。

U1General introduction to logistics

When it comes to sth.
• 意思为”说到某事” • When it comes to the question of suppliers, I think we need fewer suppliers than we have now. • 说到供应商. 我认为我们所需的供应商的数量比我们现有的要少一些. • 造句:说到物流,它已经成为一种职业了. When it comes to logistics, it has been a profession. 2. 他表现向来积极,但说到住房,他就沉默了. He is acting actively, but when it comes to housing he kept silent.
• Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby. • 结构: coming into being,是现在分词做状语, 表示时间.在句中的作用等同于由表及里 when 引导的从句:when it came into being with the advent of civilization….
Unit One
General Introduction to Logistics 物流概论
学习重点
1.词汇: logistics(物流), warehouse(仓库,仓储), inventory(库存), procurement(获得,取得), packaging(包装), inbound(往内地的,归航的), outbound(往外地的,往国外的), handling(搬运), coordination(协调), strategic planning(战略计划). 2.语法:动词后接动名词(-ing)和动词不定式 ( to do)的区别.

Unit-5物流英语知识讲解

Main Elements (提单的主要内容)
❖1. Date 日期 ❖2. Quantity 货物的数量 ❖3. Description of the goods 提单等描述
❖4. Name of the shipper and consignee 托运人和承运人的名字
❖5. Ports of loading and unloading 装货港及卸货港
LOGO
3 Functions of Marine Bill of Lading
❖1. A receipt for the goods
提单是承运人或其代理人签发的货物收据
2. Ev是海上货物运输合同的证明
❖3. A document of title
LO商G务O单证
Unit 5 Marine Bill of Lading
海运提单
Objectives
❖1. Understanding the process of a marine bill of lading
理解海运提单的流程
❖2. Learning how to read B/L data
学习怎样读懂提单资料
❖2. 发货人（Shipper）发货后，可通过银行（Bank）将提单交给收货人(Consignee) 。
LOGO
the Process of Marine Bill of Lading
❖3. 收货人(Consignee)应注意提单上的通知方 (Notify party)。提单所列货物到达港口（Port）后，承运人（Carrier）会通知通知方(Notify party) ，再由通知方通知收货人(Consignee) 持提单去港口（Port）提货。
❖4. 一般情况下，海运提单（Marine bill of lading）以及其他议付单据交付银行后，银行（Bank）审核无误就可以将贷款（Freight and charges/cost）付给发货人（Shipper）.

物流管理英文讲义共100页PPT资料

customers Increased outsourcing (delivery; drop-
shipments direct from suppliers) Shift to inside salesforce
10
Transformation - Reinventing the Business
Administration Sales & Marketing
Purchasing Warehousing
Delivery Administration
Past
Present
Future?
Understand Markets & Customers Develop Vision & Strategy Selling & Customer Service
W/D
S
High ROTA
Today 2000 Today 2000 Today 2000
Completeness & reliability of deliveries 1
1
22
11
Competent outside salesperson Best value for the price
2
6
3
2
19
Understanding Markets & Customers
20
Key Messages
Wholesaler-distributors must create and use formal methods to gain customer feedback and improve communication.
AArntdheurrsen

物流英语课堂笔记(二)--吴老师

sec,secut,sequ= follow,表示“跟随” secondly 第二，其次 second 第二 secondary 次要的，辅助的；中学 sequence n 连续（sequ+ence→跟随→连续） sequential a 连续的（sequ+ent+ial) consequence n 后果，结果（con 共同+sequ+ence→随之而来的全部东西→后果）→consequent →consequently subsequence n 随后发生（sub 在后面+sequ+ence→随在后面的） deterior=worse （更坏） deteriorate 恶化 99. pose，pos，pon=put pose“摆姿势” ，例：After the wedding, we all posed for a photograph.婚礼以后我们都摆好姿势照相。 compose=com（together）+ pose（put） “作曲，作图，写作，合成，由„„组成” 例： class is composed of 300 students. ， Our 我们班由 300 名同学组成。 decompose 动词 “ 分解 ” 例： You can apply heat to ， decompose the organic compound.你可以用热量把这个化合物分解。前缀-de 表示分解，拆开，如： decode“解码” detect=de + tect（cover） “侦察” protect“保护” composition 1 作文，（音乐、美术、艺术）作品 2 组成，成分（强调到底有什么东西）如 the chemical ， composition of the soil 土地的化学组成 component“组成部分，元件，部件（强调东西本身），如 the ” components of a camera 这部照相机的部件 postpone=post（向后）+ pon（put）+ e 向后摆放，动词“推迟” （put off） oppose=op（against）+ pose（put）动词“反对，反抗” ，例： His father opposed his plan to work abroad.他父亲反对他出国读书的计划。 opponent=op（against）+ pon（put）+ ent（人） “反对者” expose=ex（out）+ pose（put）拿出去摆在外面 1 “使暴露，受到” 例：， Stay in the room and don‟t expose your skin to the sunshine.呆在房间里吧，不要把你的皮肤暴露在阳光之下。 2“揭露（错误，罪行），如 expose the mistake of the past ” 揭露过去的错误其名词为 exposure“暴露，揭露（罪行，错误） ” 100. ident=same “相同” identify 认出，识别

物流管理英文讲义-文档资料100页

“Expected”
Quadrant I
“Proven”
Quadrant II
“Innovative”
Low
“Differentiated”
Low
GAP
High
Degree to which the practice provides differentiated
profitability or “gap” over non-users
5
Channel Formats
Manufacturer WholesalerDistributor
Customer
Manufacturer Service Providers
Based
“Door to Door”
Retailer Based Buyer Initiated
Third Party Influencers Point of Consumption Catalog & Technology- Merchandising
talent remains a challenge
12
Emerging Issues
Large companies still growing; small/medium companies turn to buying groups
Marketing alliances emerge Integrated supply programs flourish Some segments shift from supply “push”
Low
Need: - Small orders - Low cost Example: - Direct mail-catalog - Warehouse club

chapter4物流英语讲述

ion to Inventory
Key Terms 关键词汇 inventory 库存 finish goods 产成品 raw material 原材料 part and component 零部件 work-in-process (WIP) 在制品库存，半成品 MRO (maintenance/repair/operating) 维修库存 cycle inventory 周转库存 safety (buffer)inventory 安全（缓冲）库存 in-transit inventory 在途库存 speculative inventory 投机库存 dead inventory 呆滞库存
Quantity discounts
Inventory Classifications
Inventory is most frequently classified as cycle (base) stock safety (buffer) stock in-transit (pipeline) stock speculative stock dead stock
2. Cycle stock refers to inventory that is needed to satisfy normal demand during the course of an order cycle. If demand and lead time is constant, only cycle stock is necessary. 周转库存是指那些用于满足一个订货周期内正常需求的库存。如果需求和提前期是不变的，那么只有周转库存是必需的。
Learning objective

物流管理-物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记

物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记课文内容精讲Unit 1General Introduction to LogisticsModern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society,which may include but by no means is limited to:packaging，warehousing，material handling，inventory，transport，forecasting，strategic planning and customer service.现代物流与物资及信息的及时有效流动相关，而物资和信息的及时有效流动对经济社会的不同领域的顾客和客户有着极其重要的意义。

现代物流包括但不限于以下方面：包装，仓储，材料搬运，存货，运输，预测，战略规划，客户效劳。

Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet custome rs’ requirements.物流是供应链的一局部，方案、执行和控制产品、效劳及相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效流动和存储以满足客户要求。

物流管理英文的讲义共100页

Agree/Strongly Agree
W/Ds need to understand
W/D
96%
their cost
S
96%
Sophisticated management information, and its use, will be key to success in future
to demand “pull” in Alternate channels shake out
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What is AA
Doing in the Marketplace?
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Questions to Answer
3 How are you using the FTFOC study?
3 Hot issues/activities for clients and targets
MATURITY
DECLINE
9
Reformation - Optimizing Core Competencies
Focus on reducing costs Focus on providing basic services Retention and penetration of
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High ROTA
Today 2000 Today 2000 Today 2000
Completeness & reliability of deliveries 1
1
22
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Competent outside salesperson Best value for the price
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Reengineer the salesforce

物流英语课文内容精讲笔记

物流英语课文内容精讲笔记第一章：物流概念与体系1.1 物流定义•物流是指商品从生产者到消费者全过程中的管理、运输和仓储活动的有组织的流动过程。

1.2 物流体系•物流体系主要包括供应链管理、仓储管理、运输管理等各个环节，通过有效管理和协调，实现产品的高效流通。

第二章：物流英语基础词汇2.1 重要词汇•Freight（运费） - 货物运输过程中的费用•Inventory（库存） - 企业储备的物资•Distribution（配送） - 将商品送达消费者手中的过程•Supply chain（供应链） - 由生产商、分销商和零售商组成的供货链条2.2 常用短语•Lead time（交货期） - 客户订购商品后，交货的时间•Just-in-time（准时生产） - 在需要时生产，减少库存浪费•Out of stock（缺货） - 没有现货可供销售第三章：物流管理实践3.1 供应链管理•供应链管理是全球物流领域的重要趋势，通过优化供应链，提高效率和降低成本。

3.2 仓储管理•有效的仓储管理可以降低库存成本，保证货物安全存储并提高物流效率。

3.3 运输管理•运输管理包括货物运输方式的选择和运输过程中的跟踪管理，确保货物快速、准时送达目的地。

第四章：物流行业发展趋势4.1 科技创新•物流行业越来越依赖科技，如物联网技术、无人机配送等，提高效率和降低成本。

4.2 环保可持续发展•物流行业应关注环保问题，减少碳排放，推动可持续发展。

4.3 国际化合作•跨国物流合作将更加紧密，加强国际间货物流通和信息交流。

通过对以上内容的学习，我们可以更好地理解物流领域的英语知识，并在实践中运用，提升物流工作效率和质量。

《物流专业英语》Unit-10-The-logistics-distribution-process

什么是配送运输？
《物流专业英语》Unit-10-Thelogistics-distribution-process
Shipment in distribution is a form of tail end transport, usually over a shorter distance, in a smaller scale, and with road vehicles as its carriage tool.
_______年___月___日
______专业______班级 Unit 10 0-Thelogistics-distribution-process
教学任务：
掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程
《物流专业英语》Unit-10-Thelogistics-distribution-process
Processing in distribution generally refers to the reprocessing, as per the sales requirements, of finished or semi-finished products ready for distribution, including:
正如第9单元所述，配送程序是由诸如备货、储存、加工、运输、配装、分拣/配货及交货服务等步骤所组成的。下面是每个步骤的详细情况。
Figure 1 An automatic distribution system 图1 自动配送系统
《物流专业英语》Unit-10-Thelogistics-distribution-process
per the sales requirements Selection, e.g. selecting and respective packaging of agricultural by-products

7物流英语课文正文

第一单元General Introduction to logistics物流概论Logistics is a unique global “pipeline” that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and service to customers the world over.Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby. However, when it comes to modern logistics，most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is.Modern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society, which may include but by no means is limited to:Packaging warehousing material handling inventory transport forecasting strategic planning and customer servicePackaging is the outer wrapping of a product. It is the intended purpose of the packaging to make a product readily sellable as well as to protect it against damage and prevent it from deterioration when in stock.Furthermore, packaging is often the most relevant element of a trademark and conduces to advertising or communication.Warehousing is sometimes needed, and can be provided, to complement inbound and outbound transportation services. There are 4 distinct types of warehousing available, depending upon load content: for finished goods; for raw materials; for consumer fulfillment; and for vendor-managed inventory (VMI).Material handling is any kind of methods for moving material. Material can be moved directly by people lifting the items or using hand carts, slings and other handling accessories (manual lifting and handling). Material can also be moved by people using machines such as cranes, forklift trucks, and other lifting fixtures (mechanical lifting).Inventory is a detailed list of all the items in stock,such as a company’s merchandise, raw materials, and finished and unfinished products which have not yet been sold.Transport is the movement of people, goods, signals and information from one place to another. Forecasting is to estimate the likelihood of an event taking place in the future, based on available data from the past.Strategic planning is planning which focuses on longer-range objectives and goals. It is essentially direction setting and often focuses on new products and new markets.Customer service is the set of behaviors that a business undertakes during its interaction with its customers. It can also refer to a specific person or desk, which is set up to provide general assistance to customers.A systematic definition of logistics is supplied by the Council of Logistics Management: “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information form the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.” Although this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics, it does reflect the need for total movement management form point of material procurement to location of finished product distribution第二单元An Important Factor 一个重要因素It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.As industrial products are not the key factors in planning a physical distribution strategy, they will not be mentioned in this text.An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it. And this is what logistics is chiefly concerned with. Products are of any value when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer. Thus, we should make an analysis of products, depending on who uses them and how they are used.Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers.According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories: convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping. Typical products are banking services, tobacco item, and many foodstuffs. These products generally require wide distribution through many outlets. Distribution costs are typically high but are more than justified by the increased sales potential that is brought about by this wide and extensive distribution. Customer service levels, as expressed in terms of product availability and accessibility, must be high to encourage any reasonable degree of customer patronage for the products.Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seed and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation. Typical products in this category are fashion clothes, automobiles, home furnishings, and medical care. Because of the customer’s willingnes s to shop around, an individual supplier may stock goods or offer services in only a few outlets in a given market area. Distribution costs for such suppliers aresomewhat lower than for convenience products, and product distribution need not be as widespread.Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them. Buyers seek out particular types and brands of goods and services. Examples can be any type of goods ranging from fine foods to custom-made automobiles or a service such as management consulting advice. Because buyers insist on particular brands, distribution is centralized and customer service levels are not as high as those for convenience and shopping products. Physical distribution costs can be the lowest of any product category. Because of this, many firms will attempt to create brand preference for their product line.第三单元Transportation 运输Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for one-third to two-thirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to the users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their combinations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characteristics. These distinguish one transport service from another, and it is what a user buys from the transportation system. The cost characteristics vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures. Rates are based primarily on three factors ---- distance, shipment size, and competition. On the other hand, carrier performance is based on the extent of shipment handling at terminals and inherent speed of the carrier. It is adequately described in terms of average transit time, transit-time variability, and loss and damage.Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.One kind of cost is what is called variable costs. They are those costs that change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity during a time period. Variable costs can be avoided only by not operating the vehicle. Aside form exceptional circumstances, transport rates must at least cover variable costs. The variable category includes direct carrier costs associated with movement of each load. These expenses are generally measured as a cost per mile or per unit of weight. Typical cost component s in this category include labor, fuel and maintenance. On a per mile basis, truck load carrier’s variable costs range from $0.75 to $1.50 per vehicle mile. As explained in any elementary economics text, it is not possible for any carrier to charge below its variable cost and expect to remain in business.International transportation is an area of growing interest and concern to the logistician. The transportation equipment is the same as that used domestically, with the exception that certain elements ofthe transport system have become more important. For example, containerization is popular in international movement. The user of the international transportation system may feel overwhelmed by the increased documentation, by differences in carrier liability, by various customs procedures and the use of foreign trade zones. Fortunately, there exist middlemen, agents, freight forwarders, and brokers to assist the shipper with international movement.第四单元Logistics Strategy 物流战略Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are. If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost.On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest. The logic behind it is that the cash to replace capital invested in inventory can be purchased in the money market.In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory level on a specific day of the year.Insurance cost is a direct levy normally based on estimated risk or exposure over time.Obsolescence means the deterioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.The storage cost incurs in respect of product holding, whether you store the goods in a public warehouse, rented private warehouse or a warehouse you own yourself. The cost, which can well amount to over 37% of the total logistics cost, results in the necessity of making plans for inventory.The plan should be able to answer three basic questions: when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.For the time being we are concerned only with the question of how much to order. The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one-half the order quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.In the figure, the point where the curve of dashes crosses with the straight is the point for most economical number of orders.第五单元Packaging 包装Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. Generally speaking, consumer packaging, which mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it, is of little value to logistics operation. But industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics.Industrial packaging should perform the following functions to meet integrated logistics requirements.First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation. Damage caused by vibration, impact, puncture or compression can happen whenever a package is being transported. Hence, package design and material must combine to achieve the desired level of protection without incurring the expense of over protection. It is possible to design a package that has the correct material content but does not provide a necessary protection. Arriving at a satisfactory solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall conditions (because in most cases, the cost of absolute protection will be prohibitive) and then isolating a combination of design and material capable of meeting those specifications.Second, it should promote logistical efficiency. Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities. For example, the size, shape and type of packaging material influence the type and amount of material handling equipment as well as how goods are stored in the warehouse. Likewise, package size and shape affects loading, unloading, and the transporting of a product. The easier it is to handle a product, the lower the transportation rate. Hence, it the package is designed for efficient logistical processing, overall system performance will benefit.T he third important logistical packaging function is communication or information transfer. To identify package contents for receiving, order selection and shipment verification, etc., is the most obvious communication role of packaging. Typical information includes manufacturer, product, container type, count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number. Ease of package tracking is also important. Effective internal operation and a growing number of customers require that product be tracked as it moves through the logistics channel. This can be realized by the extensive use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFI), a computer chip embedded in the package, container, or vehicle to allow the container and contents to be scanned and verified as it passes checkpoints in the distribution facility and transportation gateway. The final communication role of logistics packaging is to provide instructions as to how to handle the cargo and how to prevent possible damage. For instance, if the product is potentially dangerous, such as fireworks and table tennis balls, the packaging or accompanying material should provide instructions for avoiding moisture, vibration and heating, etc., as the case may be.第六单元Purchasing采购Every organization, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer, buys materials, services, and supplies from outside suppliers to support its operation. For most organizations, supply management means purchasing. In many firms, purchasing has been seen as a clerical activity. However, the emergence of the supply chain management concept has enlightened many managers about the strategic role played by purchasing.Purchasing contributes to the firm’s efficiency and effectiveness in many ways. First, it helps to determine a firm’s cost structure. Purchased goods and services are one of the largest elements of costs for many firms. In the average manufacturing firm in North America, purchased goods and services account for approximately 55 cents of every sales dollar. By way of contrast, the average expense of direct labor in the manufacturing process accounts for only about 10 cents of every sales dollar. While the percentage spent on purchased inputs does vary considerably across organizations, it is clear that the potential savings form strategic management of purchasing are considerable. Therefore, managers with good negotiating shills and strong relationships with suppliers can save their organizations large sums relative to the competition. And identifying the right production equipment and buying it at a good price can create competitive cost advantages that last for many years.Second, good purchasing practices avoid operational problems. Stockouts of raw materials or component parts can shut down a production plant. The quality of finished goods and services is obviously dependent upon the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items. If poor-quality components and materials are used, then the final product will not meet customer’s quality standards. While avoiding these problems may not lead to operational effectiveness, operational effectiveness is impossible if these problems arise.Without effective purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may fall, and long-term customer relationship may be damaged. Before any product can be manufactured, supplies meeting certain conditions must be available. Fortunately, progressive managers have recognized these potential contributions of purchasing and have taken the necessary steps to ensure results. The most important single step in successful organizations has been the elevation to top executive status of the purchasing manager. This, coupled with high-caliber staff and the appropriate authority and responsibility, has resulted in an exciting and fruitful realization of the potential of the purchasing contribution.第七单元Information信息Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides the facts that supply chain managers use to make decisions. Without information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information, a manager can only make decisions blindly.Supply chain managers use information to make many important decisions relating to each of the supply chain drivers. Setting inventory levels requires downstream information form customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability, and information on current inventory levels, costs, and margins. Determining transportation policies requires information on customers, suppliers, routes, costs, times, and quantities to be shipped. Facility decisions require information on demand and suppliers, as well as information on capacities, revenues, and costs within the company.Managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where information technology comes into play. Information technology (IT) consists of the hardware and software used throughout a supply chain to gather and analyze information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and delivering the information necessary to make a good decision. For instance, an IT system at a personal computer (PC) manufacturer may tell a manager how many Pentium IV chips are in stock to put into newly made PCs. IT is also used to analyze the information and recommend an action. In this role, a manager at a PC manufacturer can take the number of chips in inventory, look at demand forecast, and determine whether to order more chips form Intel.第八单元Supply Chain供应链Supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers, etc, that supply to each other raw material, components, products and service. Supply chain management means the design planning and control of the goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.While logistics is not a new thing, supply chain management is comparatively a new idea it was first put forward in the 1980s on the basis of experience and lessons from the past practice.Ford Motor Company is a case in point Henry Ford envisaged a totally self-sufficient industrial empire. In River Rouge just southwest of Detroit, Ford developed a huge manufacturing complex that included an inland port and an intricate network of rail and road transportation. Ford’s objective was control. To achieve this goal, he set out to develop the world’s first complex vertically integrated firm.To ensure a reliable supply of materials Ford invested in coalmines, iron-ore deposits, timberlands, glass factories, and even land to grow soybeans used to manufacture paint. Ford’s commitment to self-sufficiency extended’ to buying 2.5 million acres in Brazil to develop a rubber plantation he calledFordlandia. Ford’s imagination knew no bound. He even ordered a huge quantity of potatoes from South America to explore the possibility of extracting alcohol in, of course, one of his laboratories, hoping that alcohol would one day replace gasoline.Ford’s desire for control went beyond material and components. To transport materials to River Rouge and finished product to dealers he invested in railroads, trucks and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels. The idea was to control all aspects of inventory moving from a network of over forty manufacturing, service, and assembly plants throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Unites Kingdom, and South Africa to dealers throughout the globe.This was clearly one of the most ambitious vertical integration schemes, and Ford found he needed help. At the peak of Ford’s vertical extension the firm faced economic, regulatory, and labor union barriers that eventually required products and services to be provided by a network of independent suppliers. The key to effective marketing was finally found by developing g strong network of independent dealers. As time passed, Ford discovered that specialized, firms could perform most essential work as well as or better than his own bureaucracy. In fact, these specialists often outperformed Ford’s own units with respect to quality and cost. Entrepreneurial firms soon became contributors to Ford’s network. Over time, the Ford strategy shifted from ownership-based control to one of orchestrating channel relationships. The financial resources at Ford were shifted to developing and maintaining core manufacturing competencies Ford found out that in the final analysis, no firm can be self-sufficient.In the later part of the 20th century, Ford Motor Company began to rely on specialist logistics companies for logistics service.Ford Fleet, for example, has been outsourcing its logistics from Exel, a world class leader in supply chain solutions, since 1986, as Ford Fleet found its transport cost was rising while profit diminished.The problem with Ford at that time was that it had come under increasing pressure from industry over awareness. Ford’s purpose was to cut costs from the global supplier base, while expanding its role as a consumer organization.With Exel’s support, Ford has realized significant benefits throughout its corporate sales divisions. This has included a 19% reduction in transportation costs over a period of four years. Proactive fleet management has produced a six-figure saving and has increased the overall utilization and therefore the in-service potential of the demonstration fleet. Equipping drivers with mobile phones has led to a reduction in aborted journeys from 7% to 2%. This produces a saving in terms of driver time and delivered miles on the vehicle, The financial savings for Ford from the efficiency actions taken by Exelhave been complemented by an increase in the service levels to Ford’s customers. Exel is continuously improving the service offering through constant evaluation, development and innovation.第九单元Maritime Transportation 海上运输Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service. There are two types of shipping markets, the liner market and the tramp market.A far greater amount of cargo is shipped by bulk carriers, which can be chartered on the tramp market on a time basis or on voyage basis. A considerable amount of cargo is shipped by huge container ships running on fixed lines around the world. As far as outbound flow of products from manufacturers is concerned, container ships are usually most frequently used.When you need to send cargo to a buyer overseas according to a sales contract, you must, after you have completed the necessary documentation for insurance, cargo survey, etc. as per the clauses in the Letter of Credit, book space on a ship either by yourself or via a freight forwarder. If you decide to book the space yourself, you can go to a shipping company or simply go on the Internet, find the website of the carrier you want, and book the space there. In either case, you have to fill up what is commonly referred to as Booking Note, which is of the ten copies designed for use in different related sectors in the shipping procedures, such as the cargo owners, the ship agent, the container yard, the port authorities for the port dues and port charges, the ship, the dock, and the Customs House.Then, when the shipping company accepts your space-booking, you will receive a Container Load Plan in due course as shown in Figure 9-1. The Container Load Plan is of five copies which will be given to the terminal, the carrier, the ship agent, the shipper and the party that load your container on board the ship.At the same time, the shipping company will make a stowage plan for the ship, which decides the specific location for each container in the holds, taking into consideration of the weight, its destination and the ship’s specifications.When your cargo is stuffed into a container, it is hauled to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board the ship according to the stowage plan. When this is done, the First Mate would sign a Mate’s Receipt (Figure 9_2). This document is very important, as the shipping company will issue the bill of Lading according to the statements on it.You can now take the Bill of Lading (Figure 9-3) (three originals and, as sometimes you can request, three copies) together with all the documents required by the Letter of Credit to the negotiating bank to exchange for money from the buyer.第十单元Third-Party Logistics第三方物流One of the major functions of Third-Party Logistics TPL companies is known as supply chain management, the process that integrates co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials, finished inventory and related information from suppliers through companies to meet consumer requirements.The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce overall costs, minimize lead time, minimize inventory levels and cost, improve service level and streamline goods and information flows. TPL functions as the expertise in providing client with professional operation to achieve the above-mentioned goals. With the increasing competition in the market, the service providers have to obtain a solid footing in the industry by providing differentiated products such as consolidation warehouses, consistent customer relationships, upstream management and visibility, innovation, global network, etc.It has become a global trend for TPL to apply technology to achieve an integrated process. Adopting sophisticated technologies is not just about reducing labor costs, but also about greater visibility, improving customer service and using information more effectively to figure out things like trends and supplier performance.One of the value adding services provided by TPL could be its IT system. Purchase orders will be placed online and licked up online by vendors. They will then produce the merchandise that will then be passed to the logistics company. It is a kind of system that will reduce the order-to-shelf time even further and lead to essential cost efficiencies.Most TPL companies tailor their requirements of their customers, such as providing global reach for a client. Take Maersk Logistics and Federated for example. Being Federated’s global one-stop-shop provider for all ocean-going shipments, Maersk Logistics works with Federated from the moment one of its divisions places an order right through to the company’s distribution center.Local service is another selling point of TPL supply chain management.Efficient trucking service, computerized warehouse system together with customized operation are essential to upgrading the service level of TPL company.All in all, while supply chain management of TPL Company, a key for a continued growth of international trade, has large potentiality for further development, it has a long way to go before reaping a greater success.。

物流管理(双语)笔记_04

第4章需求管理、订单管理和顾客服务Order Management（订单管理）refers to management of the various activities associated with the order cycles（订货周期）.中文：订单管理是对订货周期相关的各项活动进行管理Order cycle can be referred to as replenishment cycle（补货周期）or lead time （提前期）中文：订单周期指的是补货周期或提前期The order cycle can be subdivided into four stages: order transmittal, order processing, order picking and assembly, order delivery中文：订单周期被分为4个部分：订单传递、订单处理、拣货和组合、订单交付订单管理与需求管理和顾客服务的联系体现在：精确地预测需求（包括销售和库存）能够有利于订单管理；顾客服务的好坏标准往往是通过订单管理中的四个部分来分析的。

Order transmittal（订单传送）refers to the time from when the customer places an order until the seller receives the order.中文：指从顾客订货到销售方获得订单这段时间内进行的业务活动。

Hard copy （硬拷贝）：指的是从打印机、传真机打印出来的文件Soft copy （软拷贝）：指的是电脑显示器上显示的电子文件Order processing（订单处理）refers to the time from when the seller receives an order until an appropriate location is authorized to fill the order（履行订单）.中文：订单处理指的是卖方收到订单到指定适合的地点来履行订单的这段时间Typical order processing activities include:1.Checking the order for completeness and accuracy 检查订单完整性和准确性2.Checking the buyer’s ability to purchase 检查买方的购买能力3.Entering the order into the system 将订单输入系统4.Crediting a salesperson with a sale 给销售员加分5.Recording the transaction 记录交易6.Determine the inventory location 确定库存位置7.Arranging for outbound transportation 安排向外运输（向外发货）订单处理中可能涉及到三种相关的相关活动，分别是：订单接收、订单类选和履行订单的地点。

物流英语(1-5章)课文翻译

第一章1.1为了避免潜在的误解对物流的意义，这本书采用目前定义由议会颁布的物流管理，是世界上最突出的物流专业组织之一。

据机CLM，“物流是供应链过程的一部分，计划，实施和控制的高效率，有效正向和反向流动和货物，服务存储和原产地之间的点和消费点的相关信息为了满足客户的需求“。

这个定义需要在更详细分析。

首先，物流供应链过程的一部分。

现在的关键是，物流是一个更大的意义上图片的一部分，供应链上各业务功能（如营销，生产和财务）内和跨组织的协调的重点。

事实上，物流。

即明确为物流的供应链可以实现的目标和目标的一部分公认的事实。

机CLM的定义还指出，物流“的计划，实施和控制。

尤其重要”这个词的，这表明物流应参与所有三个活动-规划，实施，控制，而不只是一两个。

有人提出，但是，物流更比在某些后勤政策，规划的实施。

请注意，机CLM的定义也提到了“高效率和有效的正向和反向的流动和存储。

”一般来说，效果可以被认为是“如何做了公司做他们说他们怎么办呢？”举例说，如果一家公司承诺，所有订单将在24小时内收到，那么订单的比例实际上是在24小时内发货收到发货？相比之下，效率可以被认为是如何（或不好）的公司资源用于做到一公司承诺可以做关于正向和反向流动，仓储，物流一直在关注着流动和存储，也就是朝着针对这些消费点。

然而，物流学科已经认识到逆向流动和储存（）逆向物流，它产生于消费一点的重要性。

逆向物流也可能在未来得到更多的重视，因为网上购物往往比其他类型的采购大老更高的回报。

机CLM的定义还指出，物流涉及的流动和“货物，服务和相关信息的存储。

”事实上，在当代，物流既是对信息的流动和储存的营商环境，由于它是关于流动和储存货物。

信息技术的进步使得越来越容易，成本低的公司来取代库存信息。

考虑美国海军陆战队的目标是取代库存信息，使他们不会储存在战场附近吨物资。

这就是武装德福塞斯在海湾战争时，却发现他们无法保持在什么容器，甚至没有使用的许多项目跟踪最后，机CLM的定义表明，这对物流的目的是“满足客户的需求。

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