物流管理-物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记
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物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记
课文内容精讲
Unit1General Introduction toLogistics
Modernlogistics isrelatedto the effective and efficient flow of materials andinformationthatare of vital importanceto customers and clientsin varioussectors of the economic society,which may include butby no means islimitedto:packaging,warehousing,material handling,inventory,transport,forecasting,strategicplanning andcustomer servic e.
现代物流与物资及信息的及时有效流动相关,而物资和信息的及时有效流动对经济社会的不同领域的顾客和客户有着极其重要的意义。现代物流包括但不限于下列方面:包装,仓储,材料搬运,存货,运输,预测,战略规划,客户服务。
Logisticsis that part of thesupply chain process that plans,implements and controls the efficient,effective flow and storageof goods, serviceand related informationfromthe point of origin to the pointof consumptionto meet customers’ requirements.
物流是供应链的一部分,计划、执行和控制产品、服务及相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效流动和存储以满足客户要求。
课文内容精讲Unit2An Important Factor
Itis universally acknowledged thatproducts areof two kinds, products for customersand products for industrial use.
就产品而言,普遍认为有两类,一类是消费类产品,另一类是工业用途产品。Consumer products arethosethatare directedto ultimate consumers.According tothe threedifferent ways in whichconsumers select goodsand services and where they buy them, consumerproducts can beput into threecategories:convenience pro ducts,shopping products,and specialtyproducts.
消费类产品是指直接面对终端消费者的产品。根据消费者挑选产品和服务的三种不同方式以及从哪里购买这些产品,消费品可分为便利型产品,购买型产品和特殊产品三种。
Convenienceproducts arethose goods and servicesthat consumers purchase frequently,immediately,andwith little com parative shopping.
便利型产品是指消费者需要经常、及时购买并且不十分需要比较差价的产品和服务。
Shopping products are those forwhichconsumersare willing toseek and compare:comparing in many locationstheprice, quality, andperformance,and making apurchase only after
carefuldeliberation.
购买型产品是消费者愿意到处寻寻觅觅,比较价格、质量和性能,三思之后才作出购买决定的产品。
Specialty products are thosefor which buyersare willing to ex pend a substantial effort and often to wait a significantamount of time inorderto acquirethem.
特殊产品是指买家愿意花费大量精力并为了获得它们可以忍受很长的等待时间的产品。
The80/20 conceptis derived from thefact that the bulk ofthe sales are generated from relativelyfew products inthepr oduct line. This simplymeans 80percent of a firm’s sales are generated by 20percent ofthe product lineitems.An exact 8020 ratio israrely observed,but the disproportionalitybetween sales and the number of itemsis generally true.
8020概念是说销售量中的大部分来自生产线上种类相对少的产品。也就是说,公司销售量的80%是由20%的产品实现的。精确的8020比例是很难达到的,但是销售量和产品种类数目间的不一致一般是存在的。
Itisreasonablyexpected that thevolumes of cargoflow inanygiven firm vary depending on how successful their salesare.At anypoint intime,there exists a product phenomenon called the8020 curve,a particularlyvaluableconceptfor l ogisticsplanning.
任何公司的货物流量都应该根据销售量的大小来决定,这是合理的。在任何时候,产品都存在着8020曲线现象,这是物流计划中非常有价值的概念。
课文内容精讲Unit 3Transportation
Transportationis a vital componentinthe design and manage ment oflogisticssystems.It may account forone thirdto twothirds of totallogisticscosts. The choicesavaila bleto the users typically includethefivemajor transport modes(air, truck,rail, water,andpipe) and their combinations.Users mayhire theservices or own the means oftran sportation.
运输是物流系统设计和管理的一个重要部分,可能占整个物流成本的1/3到2/3。用户一般可以选择五大运输模式(飞机、汽车、铁路、水路和管道运输),也可以互相结合运用。用户可以租用运输服务或者使用自有的运输工具。
Rates arebased primarily on three factors—distance, shipment size,and competition.
费率主要由三方面决定——运输距离、每票货物的大小以及市场竞争。
Cost allocation isoneofthe factorsthat affectpricing. The shipper’s perspective about it is important, thoughitis chiefly something thatthe carriersshould pay attention to. 成本分配是影响定价的诸多因素之一。虽然这主要是承运人应当注意的事情,但托运人的看法也很重要。
JIT:just intime,准时制,是实现零库存(zeroinventory)的一种途径。